1
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Kuwahara T, Ohtsu H, Tsuge K. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Bridged by Dimethylpyrazine: Comparison of Emissive Excited States between Silver(I) and Copper(I) Congeners. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8120-8130. [PMID: 38653757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Highly luminescent silver(I) coordination polymers [Ag2X2(PPh3)2(Me2pyz)]n (X = I, Br, Cl; Me2pyz: 2,5-dimethylpyrazine) were prepared together with copper congeners [Cu2X2(PPh3)2(Me2pyz)]n (X = I, Br). All the complexes showed thermally activated delayed fluorescence from the charge-transfer states in the visible region, from blue to red. The isomorphous relationship among the complexes allowed a detailed discussion of the effect of halogenido ligands and crystal packing on their luminescence energy. The relaxation in the emissive excited states (ESs) was determined to be more remarkable in silver complexes than in copper complexes despite their isomorphous structures, and the electronic effect of halogenido ligands was comparable to the effect of relaxation in emissive ESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tsuge
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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2
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Bernabeu De Maria M, Matczuk M, Tesauro D, Saviano M, Sikorski J, Chiappetta G, Godin S, Szpunar J, Lobinski R, Ronga L. Study of metalation of thioredoxin by gold(I) therapeutic compounds using combined liquid chromatography/capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma/electrospray MS/MS detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2819-2833. [PMID: 38244050 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of thioredoxin (Trx1) with the Au(I) drug auranofin (AF) and two therapeutic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)2-Au(I) complexes (bis [1-methyl-3-acridineimidazolin-2-ylidene]gold(I) tetrafluoroborate (Au3BC) and [1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (Au4BC)) was investigated. Direct infusion (DI) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) allowed information on the structure, stoichiometry, and kinetics of formation of Trx-Au adducts. The fragmentation of the formed adducts in the gas phase gave insights into the exact Au binding site within the protein, demonstrating the preference for Trx1 Cys32 or Cys35 of AF or the (NHC)2-Au(I) complex Au3BC, respectively. Reversed-phase HPLC suffered from the difficulty of elution of gold compounds, did not preserve the formed metal-protein adducts, and favored the loss of ligands (phosphine or NHC) from Au(I). These limitations were eliminated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) which enabled the separation of the gold compounds, Trx1, and the formed adducts. The ICP-MS/MS detection allowed the simultaneous quantitative monitoring of the gold and sulfur isotopes and the determination of the metallation extent of the protein. The hyphenation of the mentioned techniques was used for the analysis of Trx1-Au adducts for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Bernabeu De Maria
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
| | - Magdalena Matczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Instituto Di Cristallografia (IC), CNR, 70126, Caserta, Italy
| | - Jacek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (SMBP), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, LPC CNRS UMR8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Simon Godin
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France.
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3
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Visbal R, Rosado N, Zapata-Rivera J, Gimeno MC. Isolation of a Cyclic Trinuclear Gold(I) Complex with Metalated Phosphorus Ylides: Synthesis and Structural Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6589-6599. [PMID: 38442251 PMCID: PMC11022181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The first chiral and luminescent cyclic trinuclear gold(I) complex, [{AuCH(PPh2Me)(Ph2P)}3]3+, has been isolated with metalated phosphorus ylides (PY). This complex was initially obtained through the reaction of either mononuclear [C6F5SAuCH(PPh2Me)(Ph2P)]OTf or dinuclear [C6F5S{AuCH(PPh2Me)(Ph2P)}2](OTf)2 thiolate-gold-phosphane complexes in the presence of NaH, followed by the abstraction of the thiopyridine moiety employing either AgOTf or [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6. Our quest for a more efficient synthesis route led to the development of a streamlined one-pot synthesis method, employing Ag(acac) as both a halogen abstractor and a base, offering a quicker and more direct path to this intriguing trimer. Comprehensive computational studies have unveiled the luminescent characteristics of this complex, which can be attributed to phosphorescence. These emissions originate from ligand-to-metal (LMCT) and metal-centered (MC) charge transfer excited states. Furthermore, the structural analysis via X-ray crystallography corroborated the formation of a trimeric species, featuring three monomers with the [AuCH(PPh2Me)(Ph2P)] motif. Each monomer exhibits a single chiral center, leading to four possible absolute configurations (RRR, RRS, RSR, and SRR). NMR and X-ray spectroscopy have provided valuable insights, establishing that the former configuration (RRR) is disfavored due to steric hindrance, while the three remaining configurations can interconvert, arising from the structural arrangement of the metallacycle and inherent symmetry operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Facultad
de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
- Centro
de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales (CENM), Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Noelia Rosado
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jhon Zapata-Rivera
- Facultad
de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 #18A-12, A.A. 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Li TY, Zheng SJ, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4332-4392. [PMID: 38546341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth's crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure-property relationships, and OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Osawa M, Soma S, Kobayashi H, Tanaka Y, Hoshino M. Near-white light emission from single crystals of cationic dinuclear gold(I) complexes with bridged diphosphine ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2956-2965. [PMID: 36648762 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three cationic dinuclear Au(I) complexes containing acetonitrile (AN) as an ancillary ligand were synthesized: [μ-LMe(AuAN)2]·2BF4 (1), [μ-LEt(AuAN)2]·2BF4 (2), and [μ-LiPr(AuAN)2]·2BF4 (3) (LMe = {1,2-bis[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphino]benzene}, LEt = {1,2-bis[bis(2-ethylphenyl)phosphino]benzene}, and LiPr = {1,2-bis[bis(2-isopropylphenyl)phosphino]benzene}). The unique structures of complexes 1-3 with two P-Au(I)-AN rods bridged by rigid diphosphine ligands were determined through X-ray analysis. The Au(I)-Au(I) distances observed for complexes 1-3 were as short as 2.9804-3.0457 Å, indicating an aurophilic interaction between two Au(I) atoms. Unlike complexes 2 and 3, complex 1 incorporated CH2Cl2 into the crystals as crystalline solvent molecules. Luminescence studies in the crystalline state revealed that complexes 1 and 2 mainly exhibited bluish-purple phosphorescence (PH) at 293 K: the former had a PH peak wavelength at 415 nm with the photoluminescence quantum yield ΦPL = 0.12, and the latter at 430 nm with ΦPL = 0.13. Meanwhile, complex 3 displayed near-white PH, that is dual PH with two PH bands centered at 425 and 580 nm with ΦPL = 0.44. The PH spectra and lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were measured in the temperature range of 77-293 K. The two PH bands observed for complex 3 were suggested to originate from the two emissive excited triplet states, which were in thermal equilibrium. From theoretical calculations, the dual PH observed for complex 3 is explained to occur from the two excited triplet states, T1H and T1L: the former exhibits a high-energy PH band (bluish-purple) and the latter exhibits a low-energy PH band (orange). The T1H state is considered 3ILCT with a structure similar to that of the S0-optimized structure. Conversely, the T1L state is assumed to be a 3MLCT with a T1-optimized structure, which has a short Au(I)-Au(I) bond and two bent rods (Au-AN). The thermal equilibrium between the two excited states is discussed based on computational calculations and photophysical data in the temperature range of 77-293 K. With regard to the crystal of complex 1, we were unable to precisely measure the temperature-dependent emission spectra and lifetimes, particularly at low temperatures, because the cooled crystals became irreversibly turbid over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Osawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nippon Institute of Technology, Gakuendai 4-1, Miyashiro-Machi, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan.
| | - Sakie Soma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nippon Institute of Technology, Gakuendai 4-1, Miyashiro-Machi, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nippon Institute of Technology, Gakuendai 4-1, Miyashiro-Machi, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-27, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nippon Institute of Technology, Gakuendai 4-1, Miyashiro-Machi, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan.
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Sahu P, Jena AB, Barik S, Kisan HK, Isab AA, Dandapat J, Dinda J. Gold(III) assisted C-N bond dissociation; Synthesis, structure, photoluminescence, and pharmacokinetic studies of 1,10/- phenanthroline-gold(III)-N-heterocyclic carbene. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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New Insights into the Behavior of NHC-Gold Complexes in Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020466. [PMID: 36839788 PMCID: PMC9963827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the non-platinum antitumor agents, gold complexes have received increased attention owing to their strong antiproliferative effects, which generally occur through non-cisplatin-like mechanisms of action. Several studies have revealed that many cytotoxic gold compounds, such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-gold(I) complexes, are potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitors. Many other pathways have been supposed to be altered by gold coordination to protein targets. Within this frame, we have selected two gold(I) complexes based on aromatic ligands to be tested on cancer cells. Differently from bis [1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) bromide (Au4BC), bis [1-methyl-3-acridineimidazolin-2-ylidene]gold(I) tetrafluoroborate (Au3BC) inhibited TrxR1 activity in vitro. Treatment of Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, with Au4BC inhibited cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, caused DNA damage, and induced autophagy and apoptosis. Notably, we found that, although Au3BC inhibited TrxR1 activity, no effect on the cell viabilities of HCC and BC cells was observed. At the molecular level, Au3BC induced a protective response mechanism in Huh7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, by inducing up-regulation of RAD51 and p62 protein expression, two proteins involved in DNA damage repair and autophagy, respectively. RAD51 gene knock-down in HCC cells increased cell sensitivity to Au3BC by significant reduction of cell viability, induction of DNA damage, and induction of apoptosis and autophagy. All together, these results suggest that the tested NHC-Gold complexes, Au3BC and Au4BC, showed different mechanisms of action, either dependent or independent of TrxR1 inhibition. As a result, Au3BC and Au4BC were found to be promising candidates as anticancer drugs for the treatment of HCC and BC.
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8
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Rosero-Mafla MA, Zapata-Rivera J, Gimeno MC, Visbal R. Steric and Electronic Effects in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(III) Complexes: An Experimental and Computational Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238289. [PMID: 36500397 PMCID: PMC9740751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of neutral acridine-based gold(III)-NHC complexes containing the pentafluorophenyl (-C6F5) group were synthesized. All of the complexes were fully characterized by analytical techniques. The square planar geometry around the gold center was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis for complexes 1 (Trichloro [1-methyl-3-(9-acridine)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(III)) and 2 (Chloro-bis(pentafluorophenyl)[1-methyl-3-(9-acridine)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(III)). In both cases, the acridine rings play a key role in the crystal packing of the solid structures by mean of π-π stacking interactions, with centroid-centroid and interplanar distances being similar to those found in other previously reported acridine-based Au(I)-NHC complexes. A different reactivity when using a bulkier N-heterocyclic carbene ligand such as 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene (SIPr) was observed. While the use of the acridine-based NHC ligand led to the expected organometallic gold(III) species, the steric hindrance of the bulky SIPr ligand led to the formation of the corresponding imidazolinium cation stabilized by the tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aurate(III) [Au(C6F5)4]- anion. Computational experiments were carried out in order to figure out the ground state electronic structure and the binding formation energy of the complexes and, therefore, to explain the observed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Rosero-Mafla
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | - Jhon Zapata-Rivera
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No 18A—12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.G.); (R.V.)
| | - Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali 760042, Colombia
- Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales (CENM), Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Correspondence: (M.C.G.); (R.V.)
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9
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Muniz CN, Schaab J, Razgoniaev A, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. π-Extended Ligands in Two-Coordinate Coinage Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17916-17928. [PMID: 36126274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-coordinate carbene-MI-amide (cMa, MI = Cu, Ag, Au) complexes have emerged as highly efficient luminescent materials for use in a variety of photonic applications due to their extremely fast radiative rates through thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from an interligand charge transfer (ICT) process. A series of cMa derivatives was prepared to examine the variables that affect the radiative rate, with the goal of understanding the parameters that control the radiative TADF process in these materials. We find that blue-emissive complexes with high photoluminescence efficiencies (ΦPL > 0.95) and fast radiative rates (kr = 4 × 106 s-1) can be achieved by selectively extending the π-system of the carbene and amide ligands. Of note is the role played by the increased separation between the hole and electron in the ICT excited state. Analysis of temperature-dependent luminescence data and theoretical calculations indicate that the hole-electron separation exerts a primary effect on the energy gap between the lowest-energy singlet and triplet states (ΔEST) while keeping the radiative rate for the singlet state relatively unchanged. This interpretation provides guidelines for the design of new cMa derivatives with even faster radiative rates in addition to those with slower radiative rates and thus extended excited state lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin N Muniz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jonas Schaab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Anton Razgoniaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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10
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Dual Emissive Ir(III) Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091382. [PMID: 34575458 PMCID: PMC8472790 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment still bearing enormous prospects of improvement. Within the toolbox of PDT, developing photosensitizers (PSs) that can specifically reach tumor cells and promote the generation of high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a constant research goal. Mitochondria is known as a highly appealing target for PSs, thus being able to assess the biodistribution of the PSs prior to its light activation would be crucial for therapeutic maximization. Bifunctional Ir(III) complexes of the type [Ir(C^N)2(N^N-R)]+, where N^C is either phenylpyridine (ppy) or benzoquinoline (bzq), N^N is 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) and R either anthracene (1 and 3) or acridine (2 and 4), have been developed as novel trackable PSs agents. Activation of the tracking or therapeutic function could be achieved specifically by irradiating the complex with a different light wavelength (405 nm vs. 470 nm respectively). Only complex 4 ([Ir(bzq)2(dpa-acr)]+) clearly showed dual emissive pattern, acridine based emission between 407-450 nm vs. Ir(III) based emission between 521 and 547 nm. The sensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells to 4 evidenced the importance of involving the metal center within the activation process of the PS, reaching values of photosensitivity over 110 times higher than in dark conditions. Moreover, complex 4 promoted apoptotic cell death and possibly the paraptotic pathway, as well as higher ROS generation under irradiation than in dark conditions. Complexes 2-4 accumulated in the mitochondria but species 2 and 4 also localizes in other subcellular organelles.
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11
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Nirmala M, Vadivel R, Chellappan S, Malecki JG, Ramamurthy P. Water-Soluble Pyrene-Adorned Imidazolium Salts with Multicolor Solid-State Fluorescence: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Application on the Detection of Latent Fingerprints. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10318-10332. [PMID: 34056185 PMCID: PMC8153781 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
New water-soluble acetylpyrene-bound imidazolium salts (1-N-methyl-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethyl)-imidazolium bromide (1), 1-N-isopropyl-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethyl)-imidazolium bromide (2), 1-N-allyl-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethyl)-imidazolium bromide (3), and 1-N-isopropyl-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethyl)-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (4)) were synthesized from the reaction between 1-bromoacetylpyrene and N-substituted imidazoles in excellent yield. The new molecules were fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 19F) NMR techniques, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Investigations on the crystal packing of 1, 3, and 4 show the presence of inter/intramolecular weak interactions, including the π···π stacking interaction between the pairs of pyrene molecules. The photophysical properties were investigated in detail for the four imidazolium salts. Experiments show that the emissions observed for all the four compounds are due to the excited monomer and static excimer. Very interestingly, all the four compounds exhibit solid-state multicolor fluorescence depending on the excitation wavelength. The solid-state emissions were monitored using a fluorescence microscope. Finally, a fingerprint powder was formulated based on compound 4 and demonstrated as an efficient fluorescent fingerprint powder for forensic applications. The formulated powder revealed all the 3 level information along with peculiar individual characteristics of the fingerprints under investigation. The fingerprints were further viewed through a fluorescence microscope, and the results were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumaran Nirmala
- National
Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University
of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Ramanan Vadivel
- Forensic
Sciences Department, Government of Tamil
Nadu, Chennai 600004, India
| | - Selvaraju Chellappan
- National
Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University
of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Department
of Crystallography, Silesian University, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Perumal Ramamurthy
- National
Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University
of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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12
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Li TY, Shlian DG, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. A Luminescent Two-Coordinate Au I Bimetallic Complex with a Tandem-Carbene Structure: A Molecular Design for the Enhancement of TADF Radiative Decay Rate. Chemistry 2021; 27:6191-6197. [PMID: 33561304 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A luminescent bimetallic AuI complex comprised of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and carbazole (Cz) ligands, that is, (NHC')Au(NHC)AuCz has been synthesized and studied. Both carbene ligands in the bimetallic complex act as electron acceptors in tandem to increase the energy separation between the ground and excited state, which is higher than those found in either monometallic analogue, (NHC)AuCz and (NHC')AuCz. A coplanar geometry designed into the tandem complex ensures sufficient electronic coupling between the π-orbitals of the ligands to impart a strong oscillator strength to the singlet intra-ligand charge-transfer (1 ICT) transition. Theoretical modelling indicates that the emissive ICT excited state involves both NHC ligands. The tandem complex gives blue luminescence (λmax =480 nm) with a high photoluminescent quantum yield (ΦPL =0.80) with a short decay lifetime (τ=0.52 μs). Temperature-dependent photophysical studies indicate that emission is via thermally assisted delayed fluorescence (TADF) and give a small singlet-triplet energy difference (ΔEST =50 meV, 400 cm-1 ) consistent with the short TADF lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Daniel G Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
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13
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Prencipe F, Zanfardino A, Di Napoli M, Rossi F, D’Errico S, Piccialli G, Mangiatordi GF, Saviano M, Ronga L, Varcamonti M, Tesauro D. Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052497. [PMID: 33801394 PMCID: PMC7958610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have been applied as carrier molecules for metals in anticancer applications. In the present study we selected from literature two NHC-carbene based on acridinescaffoldand detailed nonclassicalpyrazole derived mono NHC-Ag neutral and bis NHC-Ag cationic complexes. Their inhibitor effect on bacterial strains Gram-negative and positivewas evaluated. Imidazolium NHC silver complex containing the acridine chromophore showed effectiveness at extremely low MIC values. Although pyrazole NHC silver complexes are less active than the acridine NHC-silver, they represent the first example of this class of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Moreover all complexesare not toxic and they show not significant activity againstmammalian cells (Hek lines) after 4 and 24 h. Based on our experimental evidence, we are confident that this promising class of complexes could represent a valuable starting point for developing candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections, delivering great effectiveness and avoiding the development of resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Prencipe
- Institute of Crystallography (IC) CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cynthia, 80143 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cynthia, 80143 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Filomena Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (F.R.); (S.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (F.R.); (S.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Gennaro Piccialli
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (F.R.); (S.D.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC) CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France;
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cynthia, 80143 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (D.T.); Tel.: +39-081-253-6643 (D.T.)
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (F.R.); (S.D.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (D.T.); Tel.: +39-081-253-6643 (D.T.)
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14
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Vaddamanu M, Sathyanarayana A, Masaya Y, Sugiyama S, Kazuhisa O, Velappan K, Nandeshwar M, Hisano K, Tsutsumi O, Prabusankar G. Acridine N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Compounds: Tuning from Yellow to Blue Luminescence. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:521-529. [PMID: 33442961 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the luminescence features of three gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are presented to study how the n-alkyl group can influence the luminescence properties in the crystalline state. The mononuclear gold(I)-NHC complexes, [(L1 )Au(Cl)] (1), [(L2 )Au(Cl)] (2), and [(L3 )Au(Cl)] (3) were isolated from the reactions between [(tht)AuCl] and corresponding NHC ligand precursors, [N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-butyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L1 .HCl)], [N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-pentyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L2 .HCl)] and [N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-hexyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L3 .HCl)]. Their single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals the influence of the n-alkyl groups on solid-state packing. A comparison of the luminescence features of 1-3 with n-alkyl substituents is explored. The molecules 1-3 depicted blue emission in the solution state, while the yellow emission (for 1), greenish-yellow emission (for 2), and blue emission (for 3) in the crystalline phase. This paradigm emission shift arises from n-butyl to n-pentyl and n-hexyl in the crystalline state due to the carbon-carbon rotation of the n-alkyl group, which tends to promote unusual solid packing. Hence n-alkyl group adds a novel emission property in the crystalline state. Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out for monomeric complex, N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-heptyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride and dimeric complex, N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-heptyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride to understand the structural and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulali Vaddamanu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
| | - Arruri Sathyanarayana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yamane Masaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shohei Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ozaki Kazuhisa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | | | - Muneshwar Nandeshwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
| | - Kyohei Hisano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
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15
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Manar KK, Chakrabortty S, Porwal VK, Prakash D, Thakur SK, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Two‐Coordinate Cu(I) and Au(I) Complexes Supported by BICAAC and CAAC Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Soumyadeep Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Vishal Kumar Porwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Darsana Prakash
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
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16
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Jhulki L, Purkait R, Kisan H, Bertolasi V, Isab A, Sinha C, Dinda J. A promising class of luminescent derivatives of Silver(I) and Gold(I)‐
N
‐heterocyclic carbene. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Jhulki
- Department of Applied Science Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia West Bengal 721657 India
| | - Rakesh Purkait
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - HemantaK. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Vani Vihar Bhubaneswar Odisha 751004 India
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica Universita' di Ferrara Via L.Borsari, 46 Italy
| | - AnvarhuseinA. Isab
- Department of Chemistry King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chittaranjan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Vani Vihar Bhubaneswar Odisha 751004 India
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17
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Sharhan O, Heidelberg T, Hashim NM, Al-Madhagi WM, Ali HM. Benzimidazolium-acridine-based silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential anti-bacterial and anti-cancer drug. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Haziz UF, Haque RA, Zhan SZ, Razali MR. Mononuclear Gold(I) bis-N-heterocyclic carbene: Synthesis and photophysical study. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. Hydrogen Bonding and Internal or External Lewis or Brønsted Acid Assisted (Thio)urea Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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20
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Chotard F, Romanov AS, Hughes DL, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M. Zwitterionic Mixed-Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chotard
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Joensuu Campus FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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21
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Hussaini SY, Haque RA, Li J, Zhan S, Tan KW, Razali MR. Coinage metal complexes of N‐heterocyclic carbene bearing nitrile functionalization: Synthesis and photophysical properties. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunusi Y. Hussaini
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia
- Department of ChemistryKano University of Science and Technology Wudil Kano Nigeria
| | | | - Jing‐Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Shun‐Ze Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Kong Wai Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mohd. R. Razali
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia
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22
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Prabusankar G, Muthukumaran N, Vaddamanu M, Raju G, Velappan K, Sathyanarayana A, Masaya Y, Sugiyama S, Hisano K, Tsutsumi O. Blue-emitting acridine-tagged silver(i)-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7543-7550. [PMID: 35519949 PMCID: PMC9061350 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the photophysical properties of an acridine derivative of a bis-N-heterocyclic carbene silver complex were investigated. The HOMO and LUMO energy differences between 9-[(N-methyl imidazol-2-ylidene)]acridine and 4,5-bis[(N-methyl-imidazol-2-ylidene)methyl]acridine were theoretically compared. Based on the calculation, the 4,5-bis N-heterocyclic carbene-tethered acridine type of ligand was found to be a potential source for tuning the fluorescent nature of the resultant metal derivatives. Thus, a 4,5-bis N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-tethered acridine silver(i) salt was synthesized, and its photophysical properties were investigated. The 4,5-bis[(N-isopropylimidazol-2-ylidene)methyl]acridine silver(i) hexafluorophosphate complex was obtained from the reaction between [4,5-bis{(N-isopropylimidazolium)methyl}acridine] hexafluorophosphate and Ag2O in very good yield; this molecule was characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR, multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which has revealed that the complex is a homoleptic mononuclear silver(i) cationic solid. The charge of the Ag(i)–NHC cation is balanced by the hexafluorophosphate anion. The cationic moieties are closely packed in the chair and inverted chair forms where silver(i) possesses a quasi-linear geometry. Moreover, the silver complex provided blue emission from all the three excitations with good fluorescence quantum yield. The fluorescence lifetime of the silver(i) complex has been determined using the time-correlated single photon counting technique. Interestingly, the fluorescence decay pattern and the fluorescence lifetimes of the silver complex are largely different from those of the parent ligand acridine imidazolium salt. Moreover, the theoretical predictions have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The synthesis and photophysical properties of blue-emitting acridine-tagged silver(i)-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene are reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moulali Vaddamanu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- India-502285
| | - Gembali Raju
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- India-502285
| | | | | | - Yamane Masaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu 525-8577
- Japan
| | - Shohei Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu 525-8577
- Japan
| | - Kyohei Hisano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu 525-8577
- Japan
| | - Osamu Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu 525-8577
- Japan
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23
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Williams MRM, Bertrand B, Fernandez-Cestau J, Waller ZAE, O'Connell MA, Searcey M, Bochmann M. Acridine-decorated cyclometallated gold(iii) complexes: synthesis and anti-tumour investigations. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13523-13534. [PMID: 30204186 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(C^N) and (C^N^C) cyclometalated Au(iii) represent a highly promising class of potential anticancer agents. We report here the synthesis of seven new cyclometalated Au(iii) complexes with five of them bearing an acridine moiety attached via (N^O) or (N^N) chelates, acyclic amino carbenes (AAC) and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC). The antiproliferative properties of the different complexes were evaluated in vitro on a panel of cancer cells including leukaemia, lung and breast cancer cells. We observed a trend between the cytotoxicity and the intracellular gold uptake of some representative compounds of the series. Some of the acridine-decorated complexes were demonstrated to interact with ds-DNA using FRET-melting techniques.
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24
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Fernández-Moreira V, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. Anticancer properties of gold complexes with biologically relevant ligands. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present review highlights our findings in the field of antitumor gold complexes bearing biologically relevant molecules, such as DNA-bases, amino acids or peptide derivatives. The results show that very active complexes are achieved with this sort of ligands in several cancer cells. In these compounds the gold center is bonded to these biological molecules mainly through a sulfur atom belonging to a cysteine moiety or to a thionicotinic moiety as result of the functionalization of the biological compounds, and additionally phosphines or N-heterocyclic carbenes are present as ancillary ligands. These robust compounds are stable in the biological media and can be transported to their targets without previous deactivation. The presence of these scaffolds represents a good approach to obtain complexes with improved biologically activity, better transport and biodistribution to cancer cells. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been shown as the main target for these complexes and in some cases, DNA interactions has been also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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25
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Lewe V, Preuss M, Woźnica EA, Spitzer D, Otter R, Besenius P. A clickable NHC-Au(i)-complex for the preparation of stimulus-responsive metallopeptide amphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9498-9501. [PMID: 30090888 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of an alkyne functionalised NHC-Au(i)-complex which is conjugated with amphiphilic oligopeptides using a copper(i) catalysed cycloaddition. The resulting Au(i)-metalloamphiphiles are shown to self-assemble into charge-regulated stimulus-responsive supramolecular polymers in water via a weakly cooperative polymerisation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lewe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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26
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Sharhan O, Heidelberg T, Hashim NM, Salman AA, Ali HM, Jayash SN. Synthesis and biological study of acridine-based imidazolium salts. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38995-39004. [PMID: 35558311 PMCID: PMC9090615 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of acridine based imidazolium salts was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines by an MTT assay. The synthesis applied a coupling of imidazoles with 9-chloroacridines, which originated from an Ullmann condensation of a 2-chloro-benzoic acid with an aniline. The target compounds were obtained in high yields. The DPPH assay indicated considerable antioxidant activity for target compounds with simple and short alkyl chains on the imidazole, while increasing chain length and the introduction of an additional π-electron system in most cases reduced the activity. All compounds exhibited low biotoxicity against non-cancerous cell lines, whereas a few compounds showed promising anticancer activity. Unlike for the reference drugs Tamoxifen and Paclitaxel, the anticancer activity of acridine imidazolium ions is specific for only selected cancer types. Reasonable fluorescent behaviour of the products provide potential for visualization of the distribution of active drugs in tissue. A series of acridine-based imidazolium salts was synthesized and studied on cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Olla Sharhan
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya (UM)
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Thorsten Heidelberg
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya (UM)
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Najiahah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Malaya
- Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR)
| | | | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya (UM)
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry
- Faculty of Dentistry
- University of Malaya
- Malaysia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology
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27
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N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes Containing Naphthalimide Chromophore: Design, Structure, and Photophysical Properties. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-heterocyclic carbene coinage metal complexes containing a naphthalimide (NI) chromophore has been prepared and fully characterized. Two types of molecules are described those where the NI unit is directly attached to the carbene unit with the general formulae [(L1)–M–X], M = Cu, X = Cl (1a); M = Ag, X = I (1b) and M = Au, X = Cl, (1c). While in the second family, a π-extended carbene ligand precursor L2–H+I− (3) was prepared where the NI unit is distant from the imidazole unit via a phenyl-alkyne bridge. Only two N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes were prepared [(L2)–M–Cl], M = Cu (2a) and M = Au (2c). The related silver carbene compound could not be isolated. The molecular structure of the carbene complex 1c was determined and confirmed the formation of the target compound. Interestingly, the structure shows the presence of an aurophilic interaction Au···Au at 3.407 Å between two individual molecules. The photophysical properties of the compounds were investigated in solution at room temperature. Preliminary results suggested that all compounds are luminescent and act as blue emitters (420–451 nm). These transition emissions can be attributed to the intraligand origin of the NI chromphore. Moreover, the carbene complexes featuring L2 ligand with π-extended system were found to be more luminescent.
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28
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Izaga A, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. Gold(I)-Mediated Thiourea Organocatalyst Activation: A Synergic Effect for Asymmetric Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2017; 9:1313-1321. [PMID: 28706568 PMCID: PMC5485003 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several group 11 metal complexes with chiral thiourea organocatalysts have been prepared and tested as organocatalysts. The promising results on the influence of metal-assisted thiourea organocatalysts in the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indole with nitrostyrene are described. Better results with the metal complexes have been achieved because of the cooperative effects between the chiral thiourea and the metal. The synergic effect between both species is higher than the effect promoted by each one separately, especially for gold(I). These outcomes are attributed to a pioneering gold(I) activation of the thiourea catalysts, affording a more acidic and rigid catalytic complex than that provided by the thiourea alone. Furthermore, the use of the gold-thiourea organocatalyst allows reducing the catalyst loading to 1-3 mol %. This contribution could become an important starting point for further investigations opening a new line of research overlooked so far in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Izaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12E-50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Laboratorio de Organocatálisis, Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12E-50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12E-50009ZaragozaSpain
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29
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López-de-Luzuriaga JM, Monge M, Olmos ME. Luminescent aryl–group eleven metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2046-2067. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective highlights the recent developments in the study of the photoluminescent properties of aryl–group eleven complexes. Related properties and applications such as electroluminescence, triboluminescence, mechanochromism, luminescent liquid crystals, low molecular weight gelators and photocatalysts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. López-de-Luzuriaga
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja, Complejo Científico-Tecnoloǵico
- 26006 – Logroño
- Spain
| | - Miguel Monge
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja, Complejo Científico-Tecnoloǵico
- 26006 – Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. Elena Olmos
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja, Complejo Científico-Tecnoloǵico
- 26006 – Logroño
- Spain
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30
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He Z, Zhang SF, Xue JR, Liang Y, Zhang X, Jing LH, Qin DB. Verstile silver(I) and nickel(II) NHC complexes bearing benzotriazole-function: Synthesis, fluorescence and catalytic property. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Wang ZQ, Wang WH, Ren YL. Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-3-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate, C 16H 16F 6N 3P. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C16H16F6N3P, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.6414(8) Å, b = 20.755(2) Å, c = 10.1157(8) Å, β = 104.686(9)°, V = 1755.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0547, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1496, T = 291(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471022, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lai Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P. R. China
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32
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Visbal R, Fernández-Moreira V, Marzo I, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Cytotoxicity and biodistribution studies of luminescent Au(i) and Ag(i) N-heterocyclic carbenes. Searching for new biological targets. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15026-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gold and silver NHC complexes have been developed as theranostic agents. The unexpected biodistribution opens the door to new biological targets for gold and silver complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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33
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Beillard A, Bantreil X, Métro TX, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Unraveling the synthesis of homoleptic [Ag(N,N-diaryl-NHC)2]Y (Y = BF4, PF6) complexes by ball-milling. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17859-17866. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03564g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A user-friendly and general mechanochemical method was developed to access rarely described NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) silver(i) complexes featuring N,N-diarylimidazol(idin)ene ligands and non-coordinating tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate counter anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beillard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
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34
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He Z, Huang K, Xiong F, Zhang SF, Xue JR, Liang Y, Jing LH, Qin DB. Self-assembly of imidazoliums salts based on acridine with silver oxide as coordination polymers: Synthesis, fluorescence and antibacterial activity. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Henwood AF, Lesieur M, Bansal AK, Lemaur V, Beljonne D, Thompson DG, Graham D, Slawin AMZ, Samuel IDW, Cazin CSJ, Zysman-Colman E. Palladium(0) NHC complexes: a new avenue to highly efficient phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3248-3261. [PMID: 29142691 PMCID: PMC5657412 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first examples of highly luminescent di-coordinated Pd(0) complexes. Five complexes of the form [Pd(L)(L')] were synthesized, where L = IPr, SIPr or IPr* NHC ligands and L' = PCy3, or IPr and SIPr NHC ligands. The photophysical properties of these complexes were determined in degassed toluene solution and in the solid state and contrasted to the poorly luminescent reference complex [Pd(IPr)(PPh3)]. Organic light-emitting diodes were successfully fabricated but attained external quantum efficiencies of between 0.3 and 0.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Henwood
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; http://www.zysman-colman.com ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-463826
| | - Mathieu Lesieur
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-464808
| | - Ashu K Bansal
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , UK .
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux & Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères , Université de Mons - UMONS/Materia Nova , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 MONS , Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux & Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères , Université de Mons - UMONS/Materia Nova , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 MONS , Belgium
| | - David G Thompson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Centre for Molecular Nanometrology , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Centre for Molecular Nanometrology , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-464808
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , UK .
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-464808
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; http://www.zysman-colman.com ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-463826
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36
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Synthesis, coordination chemistry and reactivity of transition metal complexes supported by a chelating benzimidazolylidene carboxylate ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Liu B, Pan S, Liu B, Chen W. Di-, Tri-, and Tetranuclear Copper(I) Complexes of Phenanthroline-Linked Dicarbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10485-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Shanfei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Noble Metal Catalytic Materials and Technology, Hangzhou 310011, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
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38
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Visbal R, López-de-Luzuriaga JM, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Three-coordinate gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: a new class of strongly luminescent derivatives. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:328-34. [PMID: 24105255 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A selected group of cationic three-coordinate Au(I)-NHC complexes of the form [Au(NHC)(dppbz)]OTf have been prepared from a commercially available bidentate phosphine. All complexes have been fully characterised by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The [Au(NHC)](+) fragment shows a pronounced tendency to form linear complexes which is confirmed by the molecular structure of [Au(IPr)(dppbz)]OTf in the solid state. The complexes are brightly luminescent and present very high quantum yield values in the solid state. The assignments of the electronic transitions involved in the emissions are of a phosphorescent nature and it is proposed that the origin of the emissions is derived from the ligand (dppbz) to metal-ligand (Au-NHC) charge-transfer (LML'CT) transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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39
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Collins LR, Lowe JP, Mahon MF, Poulten RC, Whittlesey MK. Copper diamidocarbene complexes: characterization of monomeric to tetrameric species. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2699-707. [PMID: 24512071 PMCID: PMC3989936 DOI: 10.1021/ic4031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of CuCl with 1 equiv of the in situ prepared N-mesityl-substituted diamidocarbene 6-MesDAC produced a mixture of the dimeric and trimeric copper complexes [(6-MesDAC)CuCl]2 (1) and [(6-MesDAC)2(CuCl)3] (2). Combining CuCl with isolated, free 6-MesDAC in 1:1 and 3:2 ratios gave just 1 and 2, respectively, while increasing the ratio to >5:1 allowed the isolation of small amounts of the tetrameric copper complex [(6-MesDAC)2(CuCl)4] (3). Efforts to bring about metathesis reactions of 1 with MO(t)Bu (M = Li, Na, K) proved successful only for M = Li to afford the spectroscopically characterized ate product [(6-MesDAC)CuCl·LiO(t)Bu·2THF] (5). Attempts to crystallize this species instead gave a 1:1 mixture of 1 and the monomer [(6-MesDAC)CuCl] (6). The X-ray structures of 1-3 and 1 + 6, along with the cation [Cu(6-MesDAC)2](+) (4), have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Rebecca C. Poulten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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40
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César V, Barthes C, Farré YC, Cuisiat SV, Vacher BY, Brousses R, Lugan N, Lavigne G. Anionic and zwitterionic copper(I) complexes incorporating an anionic N-heterocyclic carbene decorated with a malonate backbone: synthesis, structure and catalytic applications. Dalton Trans 2014; 42:7373-85. [PMID: 23361332 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32919d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anionic malonate-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes (maloNHCs) react cleanly and rapidly with copper chloride to generate the anionic complexes of type [(maloNHC)CuCl]·Li, which crystallize in the solid state either in an oligomeric trimer arrangement or in polymeric helixes depending on the substitution pattern and the solvent. Ten zwitterionic heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes combining the anionic maloNHC and a neutral imidazol-2-ylidene are also obtained in a very selective manner and fully characterized. Whereas the anionic complexes are relatively active catalysts for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds, the zwitterionic complexes reveal to be efficient and extremely robust pre-catalysts for the intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction of a diazo ester and outperform the corresponding cationic Cu(i) complexes with classical imidazol-2-ylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent César
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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41
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Visbal R, Gimeno MC. N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: photoluminescence and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3551-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the advances made in the synthesis and applications of luminescent transition metal complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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42
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Gómez-Suárez A, Nelson DJ, Thompson DG, Cordes DB, Graham D, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. Synthesis, characterization and luminescence studies of gold(I)-NHC amide complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2216-23. [PMID: 24204434 PMCID: PMC3817481 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A flexible, efficient and straightforward methodology for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I)–amide complexes is reported. Reaction of the versatile building block [Au(OH)(IPr)] (1) (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) with a series of commercially available (hetero)aromatic amines leads to the synthesis of several [Au(NRR’)(IPr)] complexes in good yields and with water as the sole byproduct. Interestingly, these complexes present luminescence properties. UV–vis and fluorescence measurements have allowed the identification of their excitation and emission wavelengths (λmax). These studies revealed that by selecting the appropriate amine ligand the emission can be easily tuned to achieve a variety of colors, from violet to green.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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43
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Huynh HV, Guo S, Wu W. Detailed Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Trends of Halido Mono- and Bis(NHC) Complexes of Au(I) and Au(III). Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenqin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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44
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Guo S, Sivaram H, Yuan D, Huynh HV. Gold and Palladium Hetero-Bis-NHC Complexes: Characterizations, Correlations, and Ligand Redistributions. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400313r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3
Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haresh Sivaram
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3
Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3
Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3
Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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45
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Schaper LA, Wei X, Altmann PJ, Öfele K, Pöthig A, Drees M, Mink J, Herdtweck E, Bechlars B, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Synthesis and Comparison of Transition Metal Complexes of Abnormal and Normal Tetrazolylidenes: A Neglected Ligand Species. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7031-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Arne Schaper
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Xuhui Wei
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Karl Öfele
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Markus Drees
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - János Mink
- Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of
Information Technology, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, Hungary
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural
Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Bettina Bechlars
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Herrmann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular
Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, D-85747 Garching
bei München, Germany
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46
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Azhakar R, Roesky HW, Wolf H, Stalke D. On the Reactivity of the Silylene PhC(NtBu)2SiNPh2toward Organic Substrates. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Visbal R, Ospino I, López-de-Luzuriaga JM, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Modulators of Luminescence in Three-Coordinate Gold(I) Complexes with Spectacular Quantum Yields. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4712-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401523x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isaura Ospino
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José M. López-de-Luzuriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de la Rioja, Centro de Investigación
en Síntesis Química, Complejo Científico Tecnológico,
26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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48
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Lin CX, Kong XF, Li QS, Zhang ZZ, Yuan YF, Xu FB. Dinuclear Ag(i) metallamacrocycles of bis-N-heterocyclic carbenes bridged by calixarene fragments: synthesis, structure and chemosensing behavior. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Gardiner MG, Ho CC, Mackay FM, McGuinness DS, Tucker M. Selective and adaptable access to N,N′-asymmetrically substituted imidazol-2-ylidene bis-NHC ligands: Pd(ii) complexes featuring wide variation in N-alkyl and aryl steric bulk. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7447-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Visbal R, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Simple and efficient synthesis of [MCI(NHC)] (M = Au, Ag) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5642-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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