1
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Munnik BL, Kaschula CH, Harding CR, Chellan P. Investigation of new ferrocenyl-artesunate derivatives as antiparasitics. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15786-15797. [PMID: 37681434 PMCID: PMC10628858 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Artesunate (Ars) is a semisynthetic antimalarial drug and is a part of the artemisinin-based combination therapy arsenal employed for malaria treatment. The drug functions mainly by activation of its endoperoxide bridge leading to increased oxidative stress in malaria parasites. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the antiparasitic effects of combining ferrocene and Arsvia short or long chain ester or amide linkages (C1-C4). The compounds were evaluated for growth inhibition activity on the apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). All the complexes demonstrated good activity against T. gondii with IC50 values in the low micromolar range (0.28-1.2 μM) and good to excellent antimalarial activity against a chloroquine sensitive strain of P. falciparum (NF54). Further investigations on T. gondii revealed that the likely mode of action (MoA) is through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, immunofluorescence microscopy suggested a novel change in the morphology of the parasite by complex C3, an artesunate-ferrocenyl ethyl amide complex. The complexes were not cytotoxic or showed low cytotoxicity to two normal cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Munnik
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Catherine H Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Clare R Harding
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
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2
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Mandal A, Kushwaha R, Mandal AA, Bajpai S, Yadav AK, Banerjee S. Transition Metal Complexes as Antimalarial Agents: A Review. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300326. [PMID: 37436090 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In antimalarial drug development research, overcoming drug resistance has been a major challenge for researchers. Nowadays, several drugs like chloroquine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine, and artemisinin are used to treat malaria. But increment in drug resistance has pushed researchers to find novel drugs to tackle drug resistance problems. The idea of using transition metal complexes with pharmacophores as ligands/ligand pendants to show enhanced antimalarial activity with a novel mechanism of action has gained significant attention recently. The advantages of metal complexes include tunable chemical/physical properties, redox activity, avoiding resistance factors, etc. Several recent reports have successfully demonstrated that the metal complexation of known organic antimalarial drugs can overcome drug resistance by showing enhanced activities than the parent drugs. This review has discussed the fruitful research works done in the past few years falling into this criterion. Based on transition metal series (3d, 4d, or 5d), the antimalarial metal complexes have been divided into three broad categories (3d, 4d, or 5d metal-based), and their activities have been compared with the similar control complexes as well as the parent drugs. Furthermore, we have also commented on the potential issues and their possible solution for translating these metal-based antimalarial complexes into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Arif Ali Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
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3
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Dkhar L, Verma AK, Banothu V, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium complexes featuring coumarin hydrazone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary investigation of their anticancer and antibacterial activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Dkhar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | - Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory Cotton University Guwahati Assam India
| | - Venkanna Banothu
- Centre for Biotechnology (CBT), Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
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4
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Jordaan L, Ndlovu MT, Mkhize S, Ngubane S, Loots L, Duffy S, Avery VM, Chellan P. Investigating the antiplasmodial activity of substituted cyclopentadienyl rhodium and iridium complexes of 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Golding TM, Mbaba M, Smith GS. Modular synthesis of antimalarial quinoline-based PGM metallarectangles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15274-15286. [PMID: 34633398 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new ditopic, quinoline-based ligand L (7-chloro-4-(pyridin-4-yl)quinoline) was synthesized via a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The ligand was utilized to synthesize the corresponding half-sandwich iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) binuclear complexes (1c and 1d) and the subsequent metallarectangles (2c, 2d, 3c, and 3d), via [2 + 2] coordination-driven self-assembly. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the proposed molecular structure of the binuclear complex [{IrCl2(Cp*)}2(μ-L)] (1c) and DFT calculations were used to predict the optimized geometry of the rectangular nature of [{Ir(μ-Cl)(Cp*)}4(μ-L)2](CF3SO3)4 (2c). All of the metallarectangles were isolated as their triflate salts and characterized using various spectroscopic (1H, 13C{1H}, DOSY NMR, and IR spectroscopy) and analytical techniques (ESI-MS). The synthesized compounds were screened against the NF54 chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) and K1 chloroquine-resistant (CQR) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Incorporation of the ubiquitous quinoline core and metal complexation significantly enhanced the in vitro biological activity, with an increase in the nuclearity correlating with an increase in the resultant antiplasmodial activity. This was observed across both parasitic strains, alluding to the potential of supramolecular metallarectangles to act as antiplasmodial agents. Inhibition of haemozoin formation was considered a potential mechanism of action and selected metallarectangles exhibit β-haematin inhibition activity with near comparable activity to chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn M Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Mziyanda Mbaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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6
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Liao P, Feng X, Fang H, Yang Z, Zhang J. Stabilized nanotube and nanofiber gel materials toward multifunctional adsorption. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Patel D, Athar M, Jha PC. Exploring Ruthenium‐Based Organometallic Inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum Calcium Dependent Kinase 2 (PfCDPK2): A Combined Ensemble Docking, QM/MM and Molecular Dynamics Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Advanced Research Gujarat 382426 India
| | - Mohd Athar
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 Gujarat India
- Center for Chemical Biology and Therapeutics InStem Bangalore 560065 Karnataka India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- School of Applied Material Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 Gujarat India
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8
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Munteanu AC, Uivarosi V. Ruthenium Complexes in the Fight against Pathogenic Microorganisms. An Extensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:874. [PMID: 34199283 PMCID: PMC8232020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant populations of microorganisms. Clearly, one can see the need to develop new, more effective, antimicrobial agents that go beyond the explored 'chemical space'. In this regard, their unique modes of action (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox activation, ligand exchange, depletion of substrates involved in vital cellular processes) render metal complexes as promising drug candidates. Several Ru (II/III) complexes have been included in, or are currently undergoing, clinical trials as anticancer agents. Based on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical properties and biological behavior, the interest in developing new ruthenium compounds as antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral drugs has risen. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ru (II/III) frameworks as antimicrobial agents. Some aspects regarding the relationship between their chemical structure and mechanism of action, cellular localization, and/or metabolism of the ruthenium complexes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are discussed as well. Regarding the antiviral activity, in light of current events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ru (II/III) compounds used against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., BOLD-100) are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Munteanu
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Kotzé TJ, Duffy S, Avery VM, Jordaan A, Warner DF, Loots L, Smith GS, Chellan P. Synthesis and antimicrobial study of organoiridium amido-sulfadoxine complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Studer V, Anghel N, Desiatkina O, Felder T, Boubaker G, Amdouni Y, Ramseier J, Hungerbühler M, Kempf C, Heverhagen JT, Hemphill A, Ruprecht N, Furrer J, Păunescu E. Conjugates Containing Two and Three Trithiolato-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)-Arene Units as In Vitro Antiparasitic and Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E471. [PMID: 33339451 PMCID: PMC7767221 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antiparasitic and anticancer activity evaluation of new conjugates containing two and three dinuclear trithiolato-bridged ruthenium(II)-arene units are presented. Antiparasitic activity was evaluated using transgenic Toxoplasmagondii tachyzoites constitutively expressing β-galactosidase grown in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). The compounds inhibited T.gondii proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 90 to 539 nM, and seven derivatives displayed IC50 values lower than the reference compound pyrimethamine, which is currently used for treatment of toxoplasmosis. Overall, compound flexibility and size impacted on the anti-Toxoplasma activity. The anticancer activity of 14 compounds was assessed against cancer cell lines A2780, A2780cisR (human ovarian cisplatin sensitive and resistant), A24, (D-)A24cisPt8.0 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells wild type and cisPt resistant subline). The compounds displayed IC50 values ranging from 23 to 650 nM. In A2780cisR, A24 and (D-)A24cisPt8.0 cells, all compounds were considerably more cytotoxic than cisplatin, with IC50 values lower by two orders of magnitude. Irrespective of the nature of the connectors (alkyl/aryl) or the numbers of the di-ruthenium units (two/three), ester conjugates 6-10 and 20 exhibited similar antiproliferative profiles, and were more cytotoxic than amide analogues 11-14, 23, and 24. Polynuclear conjugates with multiple trithiolato-bridged di-ruthenium(II)-arene moieties deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Studer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Nicoleta Anghel
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Oksana Desiatkina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Timo Felder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Ghalia Boubaker
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Jessica Ramseier
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Martin Hungerbühler
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kempf
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Thomas Heverhagen
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Nico Ruprecht
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Emilia Păunescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
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11
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Welsh A, Rylands LI, Arion VB, Prince S, Smith GS. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of benzimidazole-based, trinuclear neutral cyclometallated and cationic, N^N-chelated ruthenium(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1143-1156. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03902c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenyl and 2-pyridyl tris-benzimidazole ligands was reacted with the [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 dimer to yield the corresponding neutral cyclometallated and cationic trinuclear organoruthenium(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town
- South Africa
| | - Laa-iqa Rylands
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town
- South Africa
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology
- University of Cape Town
- Faculty of Health Science
- South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town
- South Africa
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12
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Abstract
Platinum-group (PG) complexes have been used as antibacterial and anticancer agents since the discovery of cisplatin. The science world still requires improvement on these complexes because of multidrug and antineoplastic resistances. This review observes discoverers and history of these platinum-group metals (PGMs), as well as their beneficial applications. The focus of this study was biological applications of PGMs in relation to human health. Sandwich and half-sandwich PGM coordination compounds and their metal nanoparticles give improved results for biological activities by enhancing efficient delivery of both antibacterial and anticancer drugs, as well as luminescent bioimaging (biomarkers) for biological identifications.
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13
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Skiba J, Kowalczyk A, Stączek P, Bernaś T, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Schatzschneider U, Czerwieniec R, Kowalski K. Luminescent fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)] carboxylato complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: synthesis and mechanistic insights into the in vitro anticancer activity of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(aspirin)]. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(aspirin)]: insights into in vitro anticancer activity and confocal microscopy imaging in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skiba
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Microbial Genetics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Łódź
- 90-237 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Microbial Genetics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Łódź
- 90-237 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Tytus Bernaś
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-093 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Rafał Czerwieniec
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
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14
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Chellan P, Avery VM, Duffy S, Triccas JA, Nagalingam G, Tam C, Cheng LW, Liu J, Land KM, Clarkson GJ, Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ. Organometallic Conjugates of the Drug Sulfadoxine for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance. Chemistry 2018; 24:10078-10090. [PMID: 29653033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen novel arene RuII , and cyclopentadienyl (Cpx ) RhIII and IrIII complexes containing an N,N'-chelated pyridylimino- or quinolylimino ligand functionalized with the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine have been synthesized and characterized, including three by X-ray crystallography. The rhodium and iridium complexes exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 0.10-2.0 μm in either all, or one of the three Plasmodium falciparum assays (3D7 chloroquine sensitive, Dd2 chloroquine resistant and NF54 sexual late stage gametocytes) but were only moderately active towards Trichomonas vaginalis. They were active in both the asexual blood stage and the sexual late stage gametocyte assays, whereas the clinical parent drug, sulfadoxine, was inactive. Five complexes were moderately active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IC50 <6.3 μm), while sulfadoxine showed no antitubercular activity. An increase in the size of both the Cpx ligand and the aromatic imino substituent increased hydrophobicity, which resulted in an increase in antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Current address: Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - James A Triccas
- Microbial Immunity and Pathogenesis Group, Department of, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gayathri Nagalingam
- Microbial Immunity and Pathogenesis Group, Department of, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Christina Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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15
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Synthesis and structural characterization of a highly substituted triazine ring comprising a sterically flexible methylene linker and coordinating substituents. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Li P, Su W, Lei X, Xiao Q, Huang S. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of a series of curcuminoids and their half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine; Nanning China
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
- Department of Chemistry; Guangxi Teachers Education University; Nanning China
| | - Xiaolin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Shan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
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17
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Adams M, Stringer T, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Land KM, Liu N, Tam C, Cheng LW, Njoroge M, Chibale K, Smith GS. Bioisosteric ferrocenyl-containing quinolines with antiplasmodial and antitrichomonal properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19086-19095. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioisosteric (C, Si) ferrocenyl-containing quinolines and ferrocenylamines were prepared and evaluated as antiplasmodial and antitrichomonal agents.
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18
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Elumalai P, Jeong YJ, Park DW, Kim DH, Kim H, Kang SC, Chi KW. Antitumor and biological investigation of doubly cyclometalated ruthenium(ii) organometallics derived from benzimidazolyl derivatives. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6667-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis, anticancer and biological properties of three doubly cyclometalated phenylbenzimidazole derived ruthenium(ii) organometallics (1–3) and their corresponding three organic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Elumalai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 680-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material & Processing
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material & Processing
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 680-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunuk Kim
- Energy Materials Lab
- Korea Institute of Energy Research
- Daejeon 305-343
- Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material & Processing
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 680-749
- Republic of Korea
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Huang TH, Yan J, Yang H, Qiang L, Du HM. Synthesis, structure, characterization and fluorescent properties of Ag+ complexes with extended π⋯π interactions. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Souza NBD, Aguiar ACC, Oliveira ACD, Top S, Pigeon P, Jaouen G, Goulart MOF, Krettli AU. Antiplasmodial activity of iron(II) and ruthenium(II) organometallic complexes against Plasmodium falciparum blood parasites. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:981-8. [PMID: 26602875 PMCID: PMC4708017 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the in vitro activity against Plasmodium
falciparumblood forms (W2 clone, chloroquine-resistant) of
tamoxifen-based compounds and their ferrocenyl (ferrocifens) and ruthenocenyl
(ruthenocifens) derivatives, as well as their cytotoxicity against HepG2 human
hepatoma cells. Surprisingly with these series, results indicate that the biological
activity of ruthenocifens is better than that of ferrocifens and other tamoxifen-like
compounds. The synthesis of a new metal-based compound is also described. It was
shown, for the first time, that ruthenocifens are good antiplasmodial prototypes.
Further studies will be conducted aiming at a better understanding of their mechanism
of action and at obtaining new compounds with better therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Siden Top
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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He Z, Huang K, Xiong F, Zhang SF, Xue JR, Liang Y, Jing LH, Qin DB. Self-assembly of imidazoliums salts based on acridine with silver oxide as coordination polymers: Synthesis, fluorescence and antibacterial activity. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Chellan P, Sadler PJ. The elements of life and medicines. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:20140182. [PMID: 25666066 PMCID: PMC4342972 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Which elements are essential for human life? Here we make an element-by-element journey through the periodic table and attempt to assess whether elements are essential or not, and if they are, whether there is a relevant code for them in the human genome. There are many difficulties such as the human biochemistry of several so-called essential elements is not well understood, and it is not clear how we should classify elements that are involved in the destruction of invading microorganisms, or elements which are essential for microorganisms with which we live in symbiosis. In general, genes do not code for the elements themselves, but for specific chemical species, i.e. for the element, its oxidation state, type and number of coordinated ligands, and the coordination geometry. Today, the biological periodic table is in a position somewhat similar to Mendeleev's chemical periodic table of 1869: there are gaps and we need to do more research to fill them. The periodic table also offers potential for novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents, based on not only essential elements, but also non-essential elements, and on radionuclides. Although the potential for inorganic chemistry in medicine was realized more than 2000 years ago, this area of research is still in its infancy. Future advances in the design of inorganic drugs require more knowledge of their mechanism of action, including target sites and metabolism. Temporal speciation of elements in their biological environments at the atomic level is a major challenge, for which new methods are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Jones RA, Panda SS, Hall CD. Quinine conjugates and quinine analogues as potential antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:335-55. [PMID: 25683799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, prevalent in Southeast Asia and Africa, resulting in over half a million deaths annually; efforts to develop new antimalarial agents are therefore particularly important. Quinine continues to play a role in the fight against malaria, but quinoline derivatives are more widely used. Drugs based on the quinoline scaffold include chloroquine and primaquine, which are able to act against the blood and liver stages of the parasite's life cycle. The purpose of this review is to discuss reported biologically active compounds based on either the quinine or quinoline scaffold that may have enhanced antimalarial activity. The review emphasises hybrid molecules, and covers advances made in the last five years. The review is divided into three sections: modifications to the quinine scaffold, modifications to aminoquinolines and finally metal-containing antimalarial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Jones
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Siva S Panda
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - C Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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Abstract
This review summarizes recent reports on s-triazine and its respective analogs from the medicinal chemistry angle. Due to its high reactivity and binding characteristic towards various enzymes, s-triazine has attracted attention. This is combined with facile synthesis and interesting pharmacology. The triazine class demonstrates wide biological applications - including antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anticancer, antiviral and antimalarial. In this article the library of s-triazine-based molecular designs has been collated with respective bioactivity. Compounds are further compared with other heterocyclic/nontriazine moieties to correlate the efficiency of privileged s-triazine. We hope this article may assist chemists in their drug design and discovery efforts.
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Hubin TJ, Amoyaw PNA, Roewe KD, Simpson NC, Maples RD, Carder Freeman TN, Cain AN, Le JG, Archibald SJ, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Khan MOF. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of metal complexes of cross-bridged tetraazamacrocyclic ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3239-44. [PMID: 24857776 PMCID: PMC4119818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using transition metals such as manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II), several new metal complexes of cross-bridged tetraazamacrocyclic chelators namely, cyclen- and cyclam-analogs with benzyl groups, were synthesized and screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant (W2) and chloroquine-sensitive (D6) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The metal-free chelators tested showed little or no antimalarial activity. All the metal complexes of the dibenzyl cross-bridged cyclam ligand exhibited potent antimalarial activity. The Mn(2+) complex of this ligand was the most potent with IC50s of 0.127 and 0.157μM against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) P. falciparum strains, respectively. In general, the dibenzyl hydrophobic ligands showed better anti-malarial activity compared to the activity of monobenzyl ligands, potentially because of their higher lipophilicity and thus better cell penetration ability. The higher antimalarial activity displayed by the manganese complex for the cyclam ligand in comparison to that of the cyclen, correlates with the larger pocket of cyclam compared to that of cyclen which produces a more stable complex with the Mn(2+). Few of the Cu(2+) and Fe(2+) complexes also showed improvement in activity but Ni(2+), Co(2+) and Zn(2+) complexes did not show any improvement in activity upon the metal-free ligands for anti-malarial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Hubin
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Prince N. -A. Amoyaw
- College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Kimberly D. Roewe
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Natalie C. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Randall D. Maples
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - TaRynn N. Carder Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Amy N. Cain
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Justin G. Le
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - M. O. Faruk Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096
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