1
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Copper-Mediated Aromatic Fluorination Using N-Heterocycle-Carbene Ligand: Free Energy Profile of the Cu(I)/Cu(III) and Cu(II) radical Mechanisms. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Nickel(II) phosphine-catalysed hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides under mild ambient conditions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Tetramethylammonium Fluoride: Fundamental Properties and Applications in C-F Bond-Forming Reactions and as a Base. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic ionic sources of fluoride are essential reagents in the synthetic toolbox to access high added-value fluorinated building blocks unattainable by other means. In this review, we provide a concise description and rationale of the outstanding features of one of these reagents, tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), as well as disclosing the different methods for its preparation, and how its physicochemical properties and solvation effects in different solvents are intimately associated with its reactivity. Furthermore, herein we also comprehensively describe its historic and recent utilization, up to December 2021, in C-F bond-forming reactions with special emphasis on nucleophilic aromatic substitution fluorinations with a potential sustainable application in industrial settings, as well as its use as a base capable of rendering unprecedented transformations.
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4
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Sander S, Müller R, Ahrens M, Kaupp M, Braun T. Platinum Indolylphosphine Fluorido and Polyfluorido Complexes: An Interplay between Cyclometallation, Fluoride Migration, and Hydrogen Bonding. Chemistry 2021; 27:14287-14298. [PMID: 34337795 PMCID: PMC8596594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [PtCl2 (COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with diisopropyl-2-(3-methyl)indolylphosphine (iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)) led to the formation of the platinum(ii) chlorido complexes, cis-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (1) and trans-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (2). The cis-complex 1 reacted with NEt3 yielding the complex cis-[PtCl{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] (3) bearing a cyclometalated κ2 -(P,N)-phosphine ligand, while the isomer 2 with a trans-configuration did not show any reactivity towards NEt3 . Treatment of 1 or 3 with (CH3 )4 NF (TMAF) resulted in the formation of the twofold cyclometalated complex cis-[Pt{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}2 ] (4). The molecular structures of the complexes 1-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The fluorido complex cis-[PtF{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] ⋅ (HF)4 (5 ⋅ (HF)4 ) was formed when complex 4 was treated with different hydrogen fluoride sources. The Pt(ii) fluorido complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding in its outer coordination sphere between the fluorido ligand and the NH group of the 3-methylindolyl moiety. In contrast to its chlorido analogue 3, complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 reacted with CO or the ynamide 1-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-pyrrolidinone to yield the complexes trans-[Pt(CO){κ2 -(P,C)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 NCO)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (7) and a complex, which we suggest to be cis-[Pt{C=C(Ph)OCN(C3 H6 )}{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (9), respectively. The structure of 9 was assigned on the basis of DFT calculations as well as NMR and IR data. Hydrogen bonding of HF and NH to fluoride was proven to be crucial for the existence of 7 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sander
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Mike Ahrens
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
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5
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Hawk MK, Ryan SJ, Zhang X, Huang P, Chen J, Liu C, Chen J, Lindsay-Scott PJ, Burnett J, White C, Lu Y, Rizzo JR. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Tetrahydrate for SNAr Fluorination of 4-Chlorothiazoles at a Production Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khanh Hawk
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Sarah J. Ryan
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanren Liu
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - John Burnett
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Craig White
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Yu Lu
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - John R. Rizzo
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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7
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See YY, Morales-Colón MT, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Development of S NAr Nucleophilic Fluorination: A Fruitful Academia-Industry Collaboration. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2372-2383. [PMID: 32969213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reliable, general, and high yielding methods for the formation of C(sp2)-fluorine bonds remains a major challenge for synthetic organic chemists. A very common approach involves nucleophilic aromatic fluorination (SNAr fluorination) reactions of aryl chlorides or nitroarenes. Despite being known for more than a century, traditional SNAr fluorination reactions suffer from significant limitations, particularly on a process scale. These include the high cost of common reagents [e.g., cesium fluoride (CsF)], a requirement for elevated temperatures and long reaction times, poor functional group tolerance, and the need for rigorous exclusion of water. This Account summarizes our collaboration with Corteva Agriscience (previously Dow Agrosciences) to address many of these challenges. This collaboration has provided a platform for fundamental scientific advances involving the development of new methods, reagents, and substrates for mild and high yielding nucleophilic fluorination reactions.Our early studies established that the combination of potassium fluoride (KF) and superstoichiometric tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu4NCl) serves as a cost-effective alternative to CsF for the SNAr fluorination of chloropicolinate substrates. However, these reactions still require elevated temperatures (>130 °C) and afford moderate yields due to competing decomposition of the substrate and product. The need for high temperature is largely due to slow reaction rates resulting from the low concentration of the active fluorinating reagent [anhydrous tetrabutylammonium fluoride (Bu4NF)] under these conditions. To address this issue, we developed several strategies for generating high concentration solutions of anhydrous tetraalkylammonium fluoride in situ by combining fluorine-containing electrophiles (e.g., hexafluorobenzene, acyl fluorides, sulfonyl fluorides) with tetraalkylammonium nucleophiles (R4NCN or R4NOR). These systems enable SNAr fluorination under unusually mild conditions, affording nearly quantitative yield with chloropicolinate substrates at room temperature. However, the high cost of the electrophiles and the generation of large quantities of byproducts in the R4NF-forming step render this approach unsuitable for process scale applications. As an alternative, we next explored anhydrous tetramethylammonium fluoride (Me4NF) for these transformations. This highly reactive fluoride source can be synthesized directly from inexpensive KF and Me4NCl and then dried by heating under vacuum. Unlike Bu4NF, it is not susceptible to Hofmann elimination. As such, anhydrous Me4NF is stable and isolable, as well as highly effective for the room temperature SNAr fluorination of chloropicolinates and other electron deficient substrates.The studies with anhydrous R4NF drew our attention to another challenge associated with traditional SNAr fluorination reactions: their limitation to substrates bearing resonance electron-withdrawing groups. We hypothesized that this challenge could be addressed by circumventing the Meisenheimer intermediate, a canonical mechanistic feature of SNAr fluorination. By designing reactions that involve an alternative concerted delivery of the fluoride to the ipso C(sp2) center, we developed a deoxyfluorination of arylfluorosulfonates using anhydrous Me4NF. This reaction exhibits a broad scope with respect to the aryl electrophile, with substrates bearing both electron-withdrawing (CN, ester, CF3, Cl) and moderately electron donating (phenyl, alkyl) substituents participating in deoxyfluorination. These deoxyfluorination conditions were also expanded to nonaromatic substrates, including aldehydes and benzylic/aliphatic alcohols.This Account concludes by delineating several ongoing challenges and opportunities in this fast-moving field. For instance, one important future direction will be to address the high moisture sensitivity of these transformations. In addition, the application of these new reagents and methods in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and PET imaging agents will continue to test the versatility and functional group compatibility of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - María T. Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Product and Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Puleo TR, Bandar JS. Base-catalyzed aryl halide isomerization enables the 4-selective substitution of 3-bromopyridines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10517-10522. [PMID: 34094310 PMCID: PMC8162412 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The base-catalyzed isomerization of simple aryl halides is presented and utilized to achieve the 4-selective etherification, hydroxylation and amination of 3-bromopyridines. Mechanistic studies support isomerization of 3-bromopyridines to 4-bromopyridines proceeds via pyridyne intermediates and that 4-substitution selectivity is driven by a facile aromatic substitution reaction. Useful features of a tandem aryl halide isomerization/selective interception approach to aromatic functionalization are demonstrated. Example benefits include the use of readily available and stable 3-bromopyridines in place of less available and stable 4-halogenated congeners and the ability to converge mixtures of 3- and 5-bromopyridines to a single 4-substituted product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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9
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Salamanca V, Albéniz AC. Deuterium Exchange between Arenes and Deuterated Solvents in the Absence of a Transition Metal: Synthesis of D-Labeled Fluoroarenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Salamanca
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Ana C. Albéniz
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
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10
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Rahman M, Bagdi AK, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Zyryanov GV, Chupakhin ON, Majee A, Hajra A. Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated compounds via an aryne intermediate. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9562-9582. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the usefulness of aryne intermediates for the synthesis of various fluorinated organic compounds during the last decade has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiur Rahman
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering Institute
- Ural Federal University
- Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering Institute
- Ural Federal University
- Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering Institute
- Ural Federal University
- Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering Institute
- Ural Federal University
- Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering Institute
- Ural Federal University
- Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
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11
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C–H ⋯Pd interactions in palladium complexes derived from tetrasulfur-difluorinated ligands. Experimental, computational and catalytic studies. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Pliego JR. Free Energy Profile of a Model Palladium Catalyzed Fluorination of Aryl Bromide with Cesium Fluoride. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9850-9856. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefredo R. Pliego
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, 36301-160 MG, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
The article discusses the basic properties of fluorine atom that have made it so useful in drug development. It presents several examples of therapeutically useful drugs acting against many life-threatening diseases along with the mechanism as to how fluorine influences the drug activity. It has been pointed out that fluorine, due to its ability to increase the lipophilicity of the molecule, greatly affects the hydrophobic interaction between the drug molecule and the receptor. Because of its small size, it hardly produces any steric effect, rather due to electronic properties enters into electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions. Thus, it greatly affects the drug-receptor interaction and leads to increase the activity of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
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14
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Kwon YD, Son J, Chun JH. Catalyst-Free Aromatic Radiofluorination via Oxidized Iodoarene Precursors. Org Lett 2018; 20:7902-7906. [PMID: 30521348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized iodoarenes (OIAs), prepared via mCPBA-mediated oxidation, have been demonstrated as versatile precursors for the synthesis of [18F]fluoroarenes in the absence of catalysts. OIAs have been identified as intermediates in single-pot syntheses of iodonium salts and ylides but have never been recognized as radiofluorination precursors. Here, the isolated OIAs were used without any catalysts to produce functionalized [18F]fluoroarenes, regardless of the electronic nature of the arenes. This method was also applied to the production of radiolabeling synthons for use as aromatic 18F-labeled building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital , Yonsei University Health System , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Ikawa T, Masuda S, Akai S. Microflow Fluorinations of Benzynes: Efficient Synthesis of Fluoroaromatic Compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1153-1164. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shigeaki Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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16
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Schimler SD, Froese RDJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Reactions of Arylsulfonate Electrophiles with NMe4F: Mechanistic Insight, Reactivity, and Scope. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11178-11190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Vatsadze SZ, Eremina OE, Veselova IA, Kalmykov SN, Nenajdenko VG. 18F-Labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroendocrine tumours: approaches to synthesis and development prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Jakobsson JE, Riss PJ. Transition metal free, late-stage, regiospecific, aromatic fluorination on a preparative scale using a KF/crypt-222 complex. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21288-21291. [PMID: 35539958 PMCID: PMC9080924 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03757d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient fluorination methodology of iodanes using a host–guest compound as the fluoride source combining preparative organic chemistry with PET radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Erik Jakobsson
- Realomics Strategic Research Initiative
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- University of Oslo
- Norway
| | - Patrick Johannes Riss
- Realomics Strategic Research Initiative
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- University of Oslo
- Norway
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19
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Bao X, Liu L, Li J, Fan S. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Perfluoroalkylation of Aryl Boronic Acids Using Perfluoroalkylzinc Reagents. J Org Chem 2017; 83:463-468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xifei Bao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Liu
- School
of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilu Fan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Cismesia MA, Ryan SJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Multiple Approaches to the In Situ Generation of Anhydrous Tetraalkylammonium Fluoride Salts for S NAr Fluorination Reactions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5020-5026. [PMID: 28459241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the development of practical approaches to the in situ generation of anhydrous fluoride salts for applications in nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. We report herein that a variety of combinations of inexpensive nucleophiles (e.g., tetraalkylammonium cyanide and phenoxide salts) and fluorine-containing electrophiles (e.g., acid fluoride, fluoroformate, benzenesulfonyl fluoride, and aryl fluorosulfonate derivatives) are effective for this transformation. Ultimately, we demonstrate that the combination of tetramethylammonium 2,6-dimethylphenoxide and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) serves as a particularly practical route to anhydrous tetramethylammonium fluoride. This procedure is applied to the SNAr fluorination of a range of electron-deficient aryl and heteroaryl chlorides as well as nitroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Cismesia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sarah J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C Bland
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company , 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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21
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Schimler SD, Cismesia MA, Hanley PS, Froese RDJ, Jansma MJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Nucleophilic Deoxyfluorination of Phenols via Aryl Fluorosulfonate Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1452-1455. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Megan A. Cismesia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Patrick S. Hanley
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Matthew J. Jansma
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Abstract
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Aromatic fluorides are prevalent in both agrochemical and pharmaceutical
agents. However, methods for their rapid and general preparation from
widely available starting materials are limited. Traditional approaches
such as the Balz–Schiemann and Halex reactions require harsh
conditions that limit functional group tolerance and substrate scope.
The use of transition metals to affect C–F bond formation has
provided some useful alternatives, but a broadly applicable method
remains elusive. In contrast to the widespread use of Pd0/PdII catalysis for aryl–Z bond formation (Z =
C, N, O), the analogous C–F cross-coupling process was unknown
until fairly recently. In large part, this is due to the challenging
Ar–F reductive elimination from Pd(II) intermediates. We have
discovered that certain biaryl monophosphine ligands are uniquely
capable of promoting this transformation. In this Account, we describe
the discovery and development of a Pd-catalyzed C–F cross-coupling
process and the systematic developments that made this once hypothetical
reaction possible. Key to these developments was the discovery
of an unusual in situ
ligand modification process in which a molecule of substrate is incorporated
into the ligand scaffold and the identity of the modifying group is
crucial to the outcome of the reaction. This prompted the synthesis
of a variety of “premodified” ligands and the identification
of one that led to an expanded substrate scope, including (hetero)aryl
triflates and bromides. Contemporaneously, a new Pd(0) precatalyst
was also discovered that avoids the need to reduce Pd(II) in situ,
a process that was often inefficient and led to the formation of byproducts. The use of inexpensive but hygroscopic sources of fluoride necessitates
a reaction setup inside of a N2-filled glovebox, limiting
the practicality of the method. Thus, a preformed wax capsule was
designed to isolate the catalyst and reagents from the atmosphere
and permit benchtop storage and setup. This new technology thus removes
the requirement to employ a glovebox for the aromatic fluorination
process and other air-sensitive protocols. In every catalyst
system that we have studied to date, we observed
the formation of regioisomeric fluoride side products. Through deuterium
labeling studies it was found that they likely arise from a deprotonation
event resulting in the formation of HF and a Pd–benzyne intermediate.
Through an investigation of the mechanism of this undesired pathway,
a new ligand was designed that substantially reduces the formation
of the aryl fluoride regioisomer and even allows room-temperature
Ar–F reductive elimination from a Pd(II) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Sather
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Konovalov AI, Gorbacheva EO, Miloserdov FM, Grushin VV. Ruthenium-catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination of halobenzenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016. [PMID: 26219388 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first π-coordination-catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination of unactivated aryl halides has been demonstrated. Chlorobenzene reacts with alkali metal fluorides (CsF, KF) in the presence of a Cp*Ru catalyst at 120-180 °C to give fluorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey I Konovalov
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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24
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Schimler SD, Ryan SJ, Bland DC, Anderson JE, Sanford MS. Anhydrous Tetramethylammonium Fluoride for Room-Temperature SNAr Fluorination. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12137-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sarah J. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Process Science, Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - John E. Anderson
- Process Science, Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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25
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Fuchibe K, Morikawa T, Ueda R, Okauchi T, Ichikawa J. Pinpoint-fluorinated phenanthrene synthesis based on CF bond activation of difluoroalkenes. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Palladium-Catalysed CH Bond Electrophilic Fluorination of Highly Substituted Arylpyrazoles: Experimental and DFT Mechanistic Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Fujita T, Watabe Y, Ichitsuka T, Ichikawa J. Ni-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluoroarenes via [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Involving α-Fluorine Elimination. Chemistry 2015; 21:13225-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Zeng Y, Li G, Hu J. Diphenyliodonium-Catalyzed Fluorination of Arynes: Synthesis ofortho-Fluoroiodoarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Zeng Y, Li G, Hu J. Diphenyliodonium-Catalyzed Fluorination of Arynes: Synthesis ofortho-Fluoroiodoarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Champagne PA, Desroches J, Hamel JD, Vandamme M, Paquin JF. Monofluorination of Organic Compounds: 10 Years of Innovation. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9073-174. [PMID: 25854146 DOI: 10.1021/cr500706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Justine Desroches
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Denys Hamel
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
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31
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Neumann CN, Ritter T. Late-stage fluorination: fancy novelty or useful tool? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3216-21. [PMID: 25653137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Charming fluorine: This Essay examines the recent surge in late-stage fluorination reactions and outlines challenges that need to be overcome to increase the impact of modern fluorination methods on the synthesis of complex organofluorine compounds. It is outlined how an improved understanding of the bonding interactions of fluoride could lead to a new class of mild fluorinating reagents and a range of functional-group-tolerant reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA) http://www.chem.harvard.edu/groups/ritter/
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32
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Fluorierung in späten Synthesestadien: extravagante Neuheit oder nützliches Hilfsmittel? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
A mild and practical unactivated aliphatic C–H fluorination reaction was reported without the use of transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Shuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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35
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Suzaki Y, Shirokawa M, Yagyu T, Osakada K. Synthesis and Reactions of Pd
II
Complexes with Aryl, Aroyl, and Iminoaroyl Ligands – Insertion of CO and RNC into the Pd–Ar Bond and Intermolecular Coupling of the Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 R1‐3 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226‐8503, Japan, http://www.res.titech.ac.jp/~shinkin/
| | - Masanori Shirokawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 R1‐3 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226‐8503, Japan, http://www.res.titech.ac.jp/~shinkin/
| | - Takeyoshi Yagyu
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 R1‐3 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226‐8503, Japan, http://www.res.titech.ac.jp/~shinkin/
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso‐cho, Showa‐ku, Nagoya 466‐8555, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 R1‐3 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226‐8503, Japan, http://www.res.titech.ac.jp/~shinkin/
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36
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Campbell MG, Ritter T. Modern carbon-fluorine bond forming reactions for aryl fluoride synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 115:612-33. [PMID: 25474722 DOI: 10.1021/cr500366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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37
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Milner PJ, Kinzel T, Zhang Y, Buchwald SL. Studying regioisomer formation in the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of aryl triflates by deuterium labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15757-66. [PMID: 25299957 PMCID: PMC4227819 DOI: 10.1021/ja509144r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Isotopic labeling has been used to
determine that a portion of
the desired product in the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of electron-rich,
non-ortho-substituted aryl triflates results from direct C–F
cross-coupling. In some cases, formation of a Pd-aryne intermediate
is responsible for producing undesired regioisomers. The generation
of the Pd-aryne intermediate occurs primarily via ortho-deprotonation
of a L·Pd(Ar)OTf (L = biaryl monophosphine) species by CsF and
thus competes directly with the transmetalation step of the catalytic
cycle. Deuterium labeling studies were conducted with a variety of
aryl triflates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Milner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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38
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Timpa SD, Zhou J, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Potential Carbon–Fluorine Reductive Elimination from Pincer-Supported Rh(III) and Dominating Side Reactions: Theoretical and Experimental Examination. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Timpa
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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39
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Bolli C, Gellhaar J, Jenne C, Keßler M, Scherer H, Seeger H, Uzun R. Bis(triphenyl-λ5-phosphanylidene)ammonium fluoride: a reactive fluoride source to access the hypervalent silicates [MenSiF5−n]−(n = 0–3). Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4326-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Mu X, Zhang H, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-catalyzed fluorination of 2-pyridyl aryl bromides. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Liang T, Neumann CN, Ritter T. Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8214-64. [PMID: 23873766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1965] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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42
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43
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Yoshida H, Yoshida R, Takaki K. Synchronous ArF and ArSn Bond Formation through Fluorostannylation of Arynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8629-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Yoshida H, Yoshida R, Takaki K. Synchronous ArF and ArSn Bond Formation through Fluorostannylation of Arynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Wang KP, Yun SY, Mamidipalli P, Lee D. Silver-mediated fluorination, trifluoromethylation, and trifluoromethylthiolation of arynes. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
The synthesis of aryl fluorides has been studied intensively because of the importance of aryl fluorides in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. The stability, reactivity, and biological properties of aryl fluorides can be distinct from those of the corresponding arenes. Methods for the synthesis of aryl fluorides, however, are limited. We report the conversion of a diverse set of aryl iodides to the corresponding aryl fluorides. This reaction occurs with a cationic copper reagent and silver fluoride. Preliminary results suggest this reaction is enabled by a facile reductive elimination from a cationic arylcopper(III) fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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47
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Diemer V, Garcia JS, Leroux FR, Colobert F. Aryne-mediated fluorination: Synthesis of fluorinated biaryls via a sequential desilylation–halide elimination–fluoride addition process. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Amii H, Kageyama K, Kishikawa Y, Hosokawa T, Morioka R, Katagiri T, Uneyama K. Preparation, Structure, and Reactions of Trifluoroacetimidoyl Palladium(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om201021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amii
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kageyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hosokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Morioka
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Toshimasa Katagiri
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Uneyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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49
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Casitas A, Canta M, Solà M, Costas M, Ribas X. Nucleophilic aryl fluorination and aryl halide exchange mediated by a Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19386-92. [PMID: 22026511 DOI: 10.1021/ja2058567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed halide exchange reactions under very mild reaction conditions are described for the first time using a family of model aryl halide substrates. All combinations of halide exchange (I, Br, Cl, F) are observed using catalytic amounts of Cu(I). Strikingly, quantitative fluorination of aryl-X substrates is also achieved catalytically at room temperature, using common F(-) sources, via the intermediacy of aryl-Cu(III)-X species. Experimental and computational data support a redox Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle involving aryl-X oxidative addition at the Cu(I) center, followed by halide exchange and reductive elimination steps. Additionally, defluorination of the aryl-F model system can be also achieved with Cu(I) at room temperature operating under a Cu(I)/Cu(III) redox pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Casitas
- QBIS Research Group, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
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50
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Maimone TJ, Milner PJ, Kinzel T, Zhang Y, Takase MK, Buchwald SL. Evidence for in situ catalyst modification during the Pd-catalyzed conversion of aryl triflates to aryl fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18106-9. [PMID: 21999801 DOI: 10.1021/ja208461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation of the Pd-catalyzed conversion of aryl triflates to fluorides is presented. Studies reveal that C-F reductive elimination from a LPd(II)(aryl)F complex (L = t-BuBrettPhos or RockPhos) does not occur when the aryl group is electron rich. Evidence is presented that a modified phosphine, generated in situ, serves as the actual supporting ligand during catalysis with such substrates. A preliminary study of the reactivity of a LPd(II)(aryl)F complex based on this modified ligand is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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