1
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Wang K, Gladysz JA. Azide- and Fluorine-Containing Polystyrenes as Potential ″Phosphine Sponges″ Based upon Staudinger Reactions: Application to the Phase Transfer Activation of Grubbs’ Catalyst. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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2
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Yao ZJ, Li P, Li K, Deng W. Synthesis, structure and catalytic polymerization activity of half-sandwich cyclometallated iridium complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Kuan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
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3
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Kang C, Kang EH, Choi TL. Successful Cyclopolymerization of 1,6-Heptadiynes Using First-Generation Grubbs Catalyst Twenty Years after Its Invention: Revealing a Comprehensive Picture of Cyclopolymerization Using Grubbs Catalysts. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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4
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Chia PY, Huang SL, Liu YH, Lin YC. Reactions of a Ruthenium Complex with Substituted N-Propargyl Pyrroles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1098-106. [PMID: 26865008 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In an investigation into the chemical reactions of N-propargyl pyrroles 1 a-c, containing aldehyde, keto, and ester groups on the pyrrole ring, with [Ru]-Cl ([Ru]=Cp(PPh3 )2 Ru; Cp=C5 H5 ), an aldehyde group in the pyrrole ring is found to play a crucial role in stimulating the cyclization reaction. The reaction of 1 a, containing an aldehyde group, with [Ru]-Cl in the presence of NH4 PF6 yields the vinylidene complex 2 a, which further reacts with allyl amine to give the carbene complex 6 a with a pyrrolizine group. However, if 1 a is first reacted with allyl amine to yield the iminenyne 8 a, then the reaction of 8 a with [Ru]-Cl in the presence of NH4 PF6 yields the ruthenium complex 9 a, containing a cationic pyrrolopyrazinium group, which has been fully characterized by XRD analysis. These results can be adequately explained by coordination of the triple bond of the propargyl group to the ruthenium metal center first, followed by two processes, that is, formation of a vinylidene intermediate or direct nucleophilic attack. Additionally, the deprotonation of 2 a by R4 NOH yields the neutral acetylide complex 3 a. In the presence of NH4 PF6 , the attempted alkylation of 3 a resulted in the formation the Fischer-type amino-carbene complex 5 a as a result of the presence of NH3, which served as a nucleophile. With KPF6, the alkylation of 3 a with ethyl and benzyl bromoacetates afforded the disubstituted vinylidene complexes 10 a and 11 a, containing ester groups, which underwent deprotonation reactions to give the furyl complexes 12 a and 13 a, respectively. For 13 a, containing an O-benzyl group, subsequent 1,3-migration of the benzyl group was observed to yield product 14 a with a lactone unit. Similar reactivity was not observed for the corresponding N-propargyl pyrroles 1 b and 1 c, which contained keto and ester groups, respectively, on the pyrrole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Yeh Chia
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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5
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McKeown BA, Lee JP, Mei J, Cundari TR, Gunnoe TB. Transition Metal Mediated C-H Activation and Functionalization: The Role of Poly(pyrazolyl)borate and Poly(pyrazolyl)alkane Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. McKeown
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - John P. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; 37403 Chattanooga TN USA
| | - Jiajun Mei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM); Department of Chemistry; University of North Texas; 76203 Denton TX USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
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6
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Wathier M, Love JA. Hydroelementation of Unsaturated C-C Bonds Catalyzed by Metal Scorpionate Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wathier
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall V6T 1Z1 Vancouver BC CanadaV6T 1Z1
| | - Jennifer A. Love
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall V6T 1Z1 Vancouver BC CanadaV6T 1Z1
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7
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Cui P, Iluc VM. Redox-induced umpolung of transition metal carbenes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7343-7354. [PMID: 29142668 PMCID: PMC5633845 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02859k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal carbene complexes have been at the forefront of organic and organometallic synthesis and are instrumental in guiding future sustainable chemistry efforts. While classical Fischer and Schrock type carbenes have been intensely studied, compounds that do not fall within one of these categories have attracted attention only recently. In addition, applications of carbene complexes rarely take advantage of redox processes, which could open up a new dimension for their use in practical processes. Herein, we report an umpolung of a nucleophilic palladium carbene complex, [{PC(sp2)P} tBuPd(PMe3)] ({PC(sp2)P} tBu = bis[2-(di-iso-propylphosphino)-4-tert-butylphenyl]methylene), realized by successive one-electron oxidations that generated a cationic carbene complex, [{PC(sp2)P} tBuPdI]+, via a carbene radical, [{PC˙(sp2)P} tBuPdI]. An EPR spectroscopic study of [{PC˙(sp2)P} tBuPdI] indicated the presence of a ligand-centered radical, also supported by the results of reactions with 9,10-dihydroanthracene and PhSSPh. The cationic carbene complex shows electrophilic behavior toward nucleophiles such as NaH, p TolNHLi, PhONa, and PMe3, resulting from an inversion of the electronic character of the Pd-Ccarbene bond in [{PC(sp2)P} tBuPd(PMe3)]. The redox induced umpolung is reversible and unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Vlad M Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
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8
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Balogh J, Hlil AR, Su HL, Xi Z, Bazzi HS, Gladysz JA. An Analogue of Grubbs Third-Generation Catalyst with Fluorophilic Pyridine Ligands: Fluorous/Organic Phase-Transfer Activation of Ring-Closing Alkene Metathesis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Balogh
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University at Qatar; P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Antisar R. Hlil
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University at Qatar; P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Haw-Lih Su
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University at Qatar; P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Zhenxing Xi
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; P.O. Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012 USA
| | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University at Qatar; P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; P.O. Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012 USA
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9
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Tuba R, Xi Z, Bazzi HS, Gladysz JA. Phase‐Transfer Activation of Transition Metal Catalysts. Chemistry 2015; 21:15894-906. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tuba
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha (Qatar)
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 286, 1519 Budapest (Hungary)
| | - Zhenxing Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842‐3012 (USA)
| | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha (Qatar)
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842‐3012 (USA)
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10
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Ostrowska S, Powała B, Jankowska-Wajda M, Żak P, Rogalski S, Wyrzykiewicz B, Pietraszuk C. Regio- and steroselective cross-metathesis of silylacetylenes with terminal olefins and α,ω-dienes. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR. Latent and Delayed Action Polymerization Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:682-701. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
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12
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Xi Z, Bazzi HS, Gladysz JA. Liquid/solid phase transfer activation of Grubbs-type alkene metathesis catalysts; application of silver salts of sulfonated polystyrene. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An analog of Grubbs' second generation catalyst with a tetralkylammonium chloride containing phosphine exhibits faster rates in the presence of polystyrene-SO3Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Xi
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
| | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha, Qatar
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
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13
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Autenrieth B, Willig F, Pursley D, Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR. Ionically Tagged Ru-Alkylidenes for Metathesis Reactions under Biphasic Liquid-Liquid Conditions. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Autenrieth B, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. A Dicationic Ruthenium Alkylidene Complex for Continuous Biphasic Metathesis Using Monolith-Supported Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2012; 18:14069-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Tuba R, Corrêa da Costa R, Bazzi HS, Gladysz JA. Phase Transfer Activation of Fluorous Analogs of Grubbs’ Second-Generation Catalyst: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200487j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tuba
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rosenildo Corrêa da Costa
- Institut für Organische
Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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16
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Cheung WM, Yi XY, Wang GC, Williams ID, Leung WH. Ruthenium carbene complexes containing bidentate and tridentate PO ligands. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Lipshutz BH, Ghorai S, Leong WWY, Taft BR, Krogstad DV. Manipulating micellar environments for enhancing transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in water at room temperature. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5061-73. [PMID: 21539384 PMCID: PMC3608412 DOI: 10.1021/jo200746y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable effects of added salts on the properties of aqueous micelles derived from the amphiphile PTS are described. Most notably, Heck reactions run in the presence of NaCl lead to couplings on aryl bromides in water at room temperature. Olefin cross- and ring-closing metathesis reactions run in the presence of small amounts of pH-lowering KHSO(4) are also accelerated, another phenomenon that does not apply to typical processes in organic media. These salt effects allow, in general, for synthetically valuable C-C bond-forming processes to be conducted under environmentally benign conditions. Recycling of the surfactant is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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18
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Keitz BK, Bouffard J, Bertrand G, Grubbs RH. Protonolysis of a ruthenium-carbene bond and applications in olefin metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8498-501. [PMID: 21574621 PMCID: PMC3121189 DOI: 10.1021/ja203070r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a ruthenium complex containing an N-heterocylic carbene (NHC) and a mesoionic carbene (MIC) is described wherein addition of a Brønsted acid results in protonolysis of the Ru-MIC bond to generate an extremely active metathesis catalyst. Mechanistic studies implicated a rate-determining protonation step in the generation of the metathesis-active species. The activity of the NHC/MIC catalyst was found to exceed those of current commercial ruthenium catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Keitz
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
| | - Jean Bouffard
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
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19
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Lipshutz BH, Ghorai S, Abela AR, Moser R, Nishikata T, Duplais C, Krasovskiy A, Gaston RD, Gadwood RC. TPGS-750-M: a second-generation amphiphile for metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in water at room temperature. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4379-91. [PMID: 21548658 PMCID: PMC3608414 DOI: 10.1021/jo101974u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign surfactant (TPGS-750-M), a diester composed of racemic α-tocopherol, MPEG-750, and succinic acid, has been designed and readily prepared as an effective nanomicelle-forming species for general use in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in water. Several "name" reactions, including Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Negishi-like couplings, have been studied using this technology, as have aminations, C-H activations, and olefin metathesis reactions. Physical data in the form of DLS and cryo-TEM measurements suggest that particle size and shape are key elements in achieving high levels of conversion and, hence, good isolated yields of products. This new amphiphile will soon be commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Subir Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Alexander R. Abela
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Ralph Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Christophe Duplais
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Arkady Krasovskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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20
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Voigtritter K, Ghorai S, Lipshutz BH. Rate enhanced olefin cross-metathesis reactions: the copper iodide effect. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4697-702. [PMID: 21528868 PMCID: PMC3352770 DOI: 10.1021/jo200360s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper iodide has been shown to be an effective cocatalyst for the olefin cross-metathesis reaction. In particular, it has both a catalyst stabilizing effect due to iodide ion, as well as copper(I)-based phosphine-scavenging properties that apply to use of the Grubbs-2 catalyst. A variety of Michael acceptors and olefinic partners can be cross-coupled under mild conditions in refluxing diethyl ether that avoid chlorinated solvents. This effect has also been applied to chemistry in water at room temperature using the new surfactant TPGS-750-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Voigtritter
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Subir Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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21
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Nuss G, Saischek G, Harum BN, Volpe M, Gatterer K, Belaj F, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Novel pyridazine based scorpionate ligands in cobalt and nickel boratrane compounds. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1991-2001. [PMID: 21250681 DOI: 10.1021/ic102494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heating of 6-methylpyridazine-3-thione (HPn(Me)) and 6-tert-butylpyridazine-3-thione (HPn(tBu)) with potassium borohydride in diphenylmethane in a 3:1 ratio gave two new scorpionate ligands K[HB(Pn(Me))(3)] and K[HB(Pn(tBu))(3)]. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the methyl derivative K[HB(Pn(Me))(3)] revealed a dimeric species with one potassium atom coordinated by six sulfur atoms of two scorpionate ligands and a second potassium atom coordinated by three nitrogen atoms of one of the two ligands as well as by three water molecules. The reaction of K[HB(Pn(tBu))(3)] with nickel(II) chloride or cobalt(II) chloride in CH(2)Cl(2) led to the new boratrane compounds [M{B(Pn(tBu))(3)}Cl] (M = Ni 1, Co 3) where a formal reduction of the metal ions to Ni(I) and Co(I), respectively, and activation of the B-H bond occurred. Similar reactivity was observed by employing K[HB(Pn(R))(3)] (R = Me, tBu) and nickel(II) chloride in water. Reaction with cobalt(II) chloride in water also gave boratrane compounds [Co{B(Pn(R))(3)}(Pn(R))] (R = tBu 4, Ph 5), but instead of a chloride a bidentate pyridazinethionate ligand from a defragmentated scorpionate is found in the molecules. The molecular structures of all nickel and cobalt compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses confirming the formation of boratranes in compounds 1-5. Magnetic measurements confirm the reduced oxidation states and the paramagnetic character of the Ni(I) and Co(I) complexes. Supportive DFT studies were carried out for a better understanding of the electronic nature of the metal-boron bond of the boratrane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Nuss
- Institut für Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Tsoureas N, Nunn J, Bevis T, Haddow MF, Hamilton A, Owen GR. Strong agostic-type interactions in ruthenium benzylidene complexes containing 7-azaindole based scorpionate ligands. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:951-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Latent ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts featuring a phosphine or an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Singh VK, Carmen Puerta M, Valerga P. One pot synthesis of a TpRu carbene: Formation and structural characterization of neutral alkylidene complex [TpRu(CHPh)(PMeiPr2)Cl]. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Cerquetella A, Cingolani A, Pettinari R, Monari M, Wanke R, Kuznetsov ML, Pombeiro AJL. Switching between κ2 and κ3 Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands by Tuning Reaction Conditions: Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical, Structural, and Theoretical Studies on Arene-Ru(II) Derivatives of Bis(azol-1-yl)acetate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6096-108. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Adele Cerquetella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Augusto Cingolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pettinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Wanke
- Centro de Quìmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maxim L. Kuznetsov
- Centro de Quìmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Quìmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Keitz BK, Grubbs RH. A Tandem Approach to Photoactivated Olefin Metathesis: Combining a Photoacid Generator with an Acid Activated Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2038-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Keitz
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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27
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Monsaert S, Lozano Vila A, Drozdzak R, Van Der Voort P, Verpoort F. Latent olefin metathesis catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3360-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b902345n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Rudolf GC, Hamilton A, Orpen AG, Owen GR. A ‘sting’ on Grubbs’ catalyst: an insight into hydride migration between boron and a transition metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:553-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b816036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Blacquiere J, Jurca T, Weiss J, Fogg D. Time as a Dimension in High-Throughput Homogeneous Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Kopf H, Holzberger B, Pietraszuk C, Hübner E, Burzlaff N. Neutral Ruthenium Carbene Complexes bearing N,N,O Heteroscorpionate Ligands: Syntheses and Activity in Metathesis Reactions. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8006129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kopf
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland, and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bastian Holzberger
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland, and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland, and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eike Hübner
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland, and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland, and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Cheung WM, Ng HY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Ruthenium Complexes with Tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate: Syntheses, Structures, and Applications to Catalytic Organic Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:4383-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Ho-Yuen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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Becker E, Pavlik S, Kirchner K. The Organometallic Chemistry of Group 8 Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(07)56003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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34
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Burzlaff N. Tripodal N,N,O-ligands for metalloenzyme models and organometallics. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Occhipinti G, Bjørsvik HR, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes of Chelating Amine Ligands. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070219n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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36
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Tonzetich ZJ, Jiang AJ, Schrock RR, Müller P. Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Complexes that Contain a β-Diketiminate Ligand. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om7003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Annie J. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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37
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Dragutan V, Dragutan I, Delaude L, Demonceau A. NHC–Ru complexes—Friendly catalytic tools for manifold chemical transformations. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Binder JB, Guzei IA, Raines RT. Salicylaldimine Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes: Metathesis Catalysts Tuned for Protic Solvents. Adv Synth Catal 2007; 349:395-404. [PMID: 20657667 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic and steric environment of olefin metathesis catalysts with specialized ligands can adapt them to broader applications, including metathesis in aqueous solvents. Bidentate salicylaldimine ligands are known to stabilize ruthenium alkylidene complexes, as well as allow ring-closing metathesis in protic media. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of exceptionally robust olefin metathesis catalysts bearing both bidentate salicylaldimine and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, including a trimethylammonium-functionalized complex adapted for polar solvents. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis confirm the structures of the complexes. Although the N-heterocyclic carbene-salicylaldimine ligand combination limits the activity of these catalysts in nonpolar solvents, this pairing enables efficient ring-closing metathesis of both dienes and enynes in methanol and methanol-water mixtures under air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Binder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1322, USA
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39
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Ohkawa H, Ligthart GBWL, Sijbesma RP, Meijer EW. Supramolecular Graft Copolymers Based on 2,7-Diamido-1,8-naphthyridines. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Ohkawa
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. B. W. L. Ligthart
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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40
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da Costa RC, Gladysz J. Syntheses and Reactivity of Analogues of Grubbs’ Second Generation Metathesis Catalyst with Fluorous Phosphines: A New Phase-Transfer Strategy for Catalyst Activation. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Ledoux N, Drozdzak R, Allaert B, Linden A, Van Der Voort P, Verpoort F. Exploring new synthetic strategies in the development of a chemically activated Ru-based olefin metathesis catalyst. Dalton Trans 2007:5201-10. [DOI: 10.1039/b709994k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Gstrein X, Burtscher D, Szadkowska A, Barbasiewicz M, Stelzer F, Grela K, Slugovc C. Ruthenium quinoline and quinoxaline complexes: Thermally triggered initiators for ring opening metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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44
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Ledoux N, Allaert B, Schaubroeck D, Monsaert S, Drozdzak R, Voort PVD, Verpoort F. In situ generation of highly active olefin metathesis initiators. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Burtscher D, Perner B, Mereiter K, Slugovc C. Peculiarities of the reaction of (SPY-5-34)-dichloro-(κ2(C,O)-2-formylbenzylidene)(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene)ruthenium with potassium hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Tonzetich ZJ, Jiang AJ, Schrock RR, Müller P. Cationic Imido Alkylidene Complexes of Molybdenum Supported by β-Diketonate and β-Diketiminate Ligands. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060518x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Annie J. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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47
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Topaloglu-Sozuer I, Dulger Irdem S, Jeffery JJ, Hamidov H. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and X-ray crystal structures of oxo-bridged oxo(haloaryl) imido hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate molybdenum(V) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970512331325494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isil Topaloglu-Sozuer
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seckiner Dulger Irdem
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology , Izmir, Turkey
| | - John J. Jeffery
- b School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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48
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49
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Barbasiewicz M, Szadkowska A, Bujok R, Grela K. Structure and Activity Peculiarities of Ruthenium Quinoline and Quinoxaline Complexes: Novel Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060091u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Barbasiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szadkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Bujok
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Kopf H, Pietraszuk C, Hübner E, Burzlaff N. Ruthenium Carbene, Vinylidene, and Allenylidene Complexes with a Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetato Heteroscorpionate Ligand. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060050y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznañ, Poland, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznañ, Poland, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eike Hübner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznañ, Poland, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Fach M728, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznañ, Poland, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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