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Glace M, Moazeni-Pourasil RS, Cook DW, Roper TD. Iterative Regression of Corrective Baselines (IRCB): A New Model for Quantitative Spectroscopy. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5006-5015. [PMID: 38897609 PMCID: PMC11234360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a new model with broad utility for quantitative spectroscopy development is reported. A primary objective of this work is to create a novel modeling procedure that may allow for higher automation of the model development process. The fundamental concept is simple yet powerful even for complex spectra and is employed with no additional preprocessing. This approach is applicable for several types of spectroscopic data to develop regression models that have similar or greater quality than the current methods. The key modeling steps are a matrix transformation and subsequent feature selection process that are collectively referred to as iterative regression of corrective baselines (IRCB). The transformed matrix (Xtransform) is a linearized form of the original X data set. Features from Xtransform that are predictive of Y can be ranked and selected by ordinary least-squares regression. The best features (rows of Xtransform) are linear depictions of Y that can be utilized to develop regression models with several machine learning models. The IRCB workflow is first detailed by using a case study of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for prepared solutions of a three-component mixture. Next, IRCB is applied and compared to benchmark results for the 2006 "Chimiométrie" near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) soil composition challenge and Raman measurements of a simulated nuclear waste slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Glace
- Department
of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | | | - Daniel W. Cook
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Thomas D. Roper
- Department
of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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2
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Wang S, Panayides JL, Riley D, Tighe CJ, Hellgardt K, Hii KK(M, Miller PW. Rapid formation of 2-lithio-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole and substitution reactions in flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00343g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid formation and reaction of 2-lithio-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole in flow at ambient temperature is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Tighe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - King Kuok (Mimi) Hii
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
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3
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Liu RY, Buchwald SL. CuH-Catalyzed Olefin Functionalization: From Hydroamination to Carbonyl Addition. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1229-1243. [PMID: 32401530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In organic synthesis, ligand-modified copper(I) hydride (CuH) complexes have become well-known reagents and catalysts for selective reduction, particularly toward Michael acceptors and carbonyl compounds. Recently, our group and others have found that these hydride complexes undergo migratory insertion (hydrocupration) with relatively unactivated and electronically unpolarized olefins, producing alkylcopper intermediates that can be leveraged to forge a variety of useful bonds. The resulting formal hydrofunctionalization reactions have formed the basis for a resurgence of research in CuH catalysis. This Account chronicles the development of this concept in our research group, highlighting its origin in the context of asymmetric hydroamination, evolution to more general C-X bond-forming reactions, and applications in the addition of olefin-derived nucleophiles to carbonyl derivatives.Hydroamination, the formal insertion of an olefin into the N-H bond of an amine, is a process of significant academic and industrial interest, due to its potential to transform widely available alkenes and alkynes into valuable complex amines. We developed a polarity-reversed strategy for catalytic enantioselective hydroamination relying on the reaction of olefins with CuH to generate chiral organocopper intermediates, which are intercepted by electrophilic amine reagents. By engineering the auxiliary ligand, amine electrophile, and reaction conditions, the scope of this method has since been extended to include many types of olefins, including challenging internal olefins. Further, the scope of amine reagents has been expanded to enable the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines as well as amides, N-alkylated heterocycles, and anilines. All of these reactions exhibit high regio- and stereoselectivity and, due to the mild conditions required, excellent tolerance for heterocycles and polar functional groups.Though the generation of alkylcopper species from olefins was originally devised as a means to solve the hydroamination problem, we soon found that these intermediates could react efficiently with an unexpectedly broad range of electrophiles, including alkyl halides, silicon reagents, arylpalladium species, heterocycles, and carbonyl derivatives. The general ability of olefins to function as precursors for nucleophilic intermediates has proved particularly advantageous in carbonyl addition reactions because it overcomes many of the disadvantages associated with traditional organometallic reagents. By removing the need for pregeneration of the nucleophile in a separate operation, CuH-catalyzed addition reactions of olefin-derived nucleophiles feature improved step economy, enhanced functional group tolerance, and the potential for catalyst control over regio- and stereoselectivity. Following this paradigm, feedstock olefins such as allene, butadiene, and styrene have been employed as reagents for asymmetric alkylation of ketones, imines, and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Raman Spectral Analysis for Quality Determination of Grignard Reagent. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grignard reagent is one of the most popular materials in chemical and pharmaceutical reaction processes, and requires high quality with minimal adulteration. In this study, Raman spectroscopic technique was investigated for the rapid determination of toluene content, which is one of the common adulterants in Grignard reagent. Raman spectroscopy is the most suitable spectroscopic method to mitigate moisture and CO2 interference in the molecules of Grignard reagent. Raman spectra for the mixtures of toluene and Grignard reagent with different concentrations were analyzed with a partial least square regression (PLSR) method. The combination of spectral wavebands in the prediction model was optimized with a variables selection method of variable importance in projection (VIP). The results obtained from the VIP-based PLSR model showed the reliable performance of Raman spectroscopy for predicting the toluene concentration present in Grignard reagent with a correlation coefficient value of 0.97 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.71%. The results showed that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis could be an effective analytical tool for rapid determination of the quality of Grignard reagent.
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5
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Menges-Flanagan G, Deitmann E, Gössl L, Hofmann C, Löb P. Scalable Continuous Synthesis of Grignard Reagents from in Situ-Activated Magnesium Metal. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Deitmann
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
- Hochschule Emden Leer, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723 Emden, Germany
| | - Lars Gössl
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
- Hochschule Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Löb
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Fülöp Z, Szemesi P, Bana P, Éles J, Greiner I. Evolution of flow-oriented design strategies in the continuous preparation of pharmaceuticals. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the flow-oriented design (FOD) in the multi-step continuous-flow synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Fülöp
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- 1521 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Péter Szemesi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- 1521 Budapest
- Hungary
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7
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Liu RY, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Allylation Using Allene, a Petroleum Cracking Byproduct. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2251-2256. [PMID: 30685967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allene (C3H4) gas is produced and separated on million-metric-ton scale per year during petroleum refining but is rarely employed in organic synthesis. Meanwhile, the addition of an allyl group (C3H5) to ketones is among the most common and prototypical reactions in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report that the combination of allene gas with inexpensive and environmentally benign hydrosilanes, such as PMHS, can serve as a replacement for stoichiometric quantities of allylmetal reagents, which are required in most enantioselective ketone allylation reactions. This process is catalyzed by copper salts and commercially available ligands, operates without specialized equipment or pressurization, and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Furthermore, the exceptional chemoselectivity of this catalyst system enables industrially relevant C3 hydrocarbon mixtures of allene with methylacetylene and propylene to be applied directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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8
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Hall AMR, Dong P, Codina A, Lowe JP, Hintermair U. Kinetics of Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation, Catalyst Deactivation, and Inhibition with Noyori Complexes As Revealed by Real-Time High-Resolution FlowNMR Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Codina
- Bruker UK, Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom
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9
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Sagmeister P, Williams JD, Hone CA, Kappe CO. Laboratory of the future: a modular flow platform with multiple integrated PAT tools for multistep reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of a modular microreactor platform, real-time inline analysis by IR and NMR, and online UPLC, leads to efficient optimization of a multistep organolithium transformation to a given product without the need for human intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagmeister
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Christopher A. Hone
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
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10
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Suryawanshi PL, Gumfekar SP, Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH, Pimplapure MS. A review on microreactors: Reactor fabrication, design, and cutting-edge applications. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Pedersen MJ, Born S, Neuenschwander U, Skovby T, Mealy MJ, Kiil S, Dam-Johansen K, Jensen KF. Optimization of Grignard Addition to Esters: Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Model Phthalide Using Flow Chemistry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pedersen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen Born
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ulrich Neuenschwander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tommy Skovby
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Kiil
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Dam-Johansen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Pedersen MJ, Skovby T, Mealy MJ, Dam-Johansen K, Kiil S. Redesign of a Grignard-Based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Batch Synthesis to a Flow Process for the Preparation of Melitracen HCl. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pedersen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tommy Skovby
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Dam-Johansen
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Kiil
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Glotz G, Kappe CO. Design and construction of an open source-based photometer and its applications in flow chemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An inexpensive and easy to build photometer using a movable measuring cell for flow chemistry applications was designed with temporal resolution down to 1 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
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14
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Zhang J, Wang K, Teixeira AR, Jensen KF, Luo G. Design and Scaling Up of Microchemical Systems: A Review. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 8:285-305. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid development of microreactors. A substantial number of reactions have been tested in microchemical systems, revealing the advantages of controlled residence time, enhanced transport efficiency, high product yield, and inherent safety. This review defines the microchemical system and describes its components and applications as well as the basic structures of micromixers. We focus on mixing, flow dynamics, and mass and heat transfer in microreactors along with three strategies for scaling up microreactors: parallel numbering-up, consecutive numbering-up, and scale-out. We also propose a possible methodology to design microchemical systems. Finally, we provide a summary and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Andrew R. Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Gruber P, Marques MPC, O'Sullivan B, Baganz F, Wohlgemuth R, Szita N. Conscious coupling: The challenges and opportunities of cascading enzymatic microreactors. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gruber
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; WC1H 0AH United Kingdom
| | - Marco P. C. Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; WC1H 0AH United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; WC1H 0AH United Kingdom
| | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; WC1H 0AH United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; WC1H 0AH United Kingdom
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16
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Blanazs A, Bristow TWT, Coombes SR, Corry T, Nunn M, Ray AD. Coupling and optimisation of online nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for process monitoring to cover the broad range of process concentration. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:274-282. [PMID: 27392109 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Real time online monitoring of chemical processes can be carried out by a number of analytical techniques, including optical and vibrational spectroscopies, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). As each technique has unique advantages and challenges, combinations are an attractive option. The combination of a 500-MHz 1 H NMR and a small footprint mass spectrometer to monitor a batch reaction at process concentration was investigated. The mass spectrometer was coupled into the flow path of an online reaction monitoring NMR. Reaction mixture was pumped from a 100-ml vessel to an NMR flow tube before returning to the vessel. Small aliquots were diverted into a sampling make-up flow using an active flow splitter and passed to the mass spectrometer. Advantages of the combination were observed. 1 H NMR was ideal for quantitation of high level components, whereas MS showed a greater capability for detecting those at low level. In preliminary experiments MS produced a limited linear relationship with concentration (0.02% to 2% relative concentration, 0.01 mg/ml-1.25 mg/ml), because of signal saturation at the higher concentrations. NMR was unable to detect components below 0.1% relative to concentration maximum. Optimisation of sample transfer to the MS extended the linearity to 10% relative to the concentration maximum. Therefore, the combination of online NMR and MS allows both qualitative and quantitative analysis of reaction components over the full process range. The application of the combination was demonstrated by monitoring a batch chemical reaction and this is described. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blanazs
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Tony W T Bristow
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Steven R Coombes
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Tom Corry
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Mike Nunn
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew D Ray
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
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17
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Gruber P, Marques MP, Sulzer P, Wohlgemuth R, Mayr T, Baganz F, Szita N. Real-time pH monitoring of industrially relevant enzymatic reactions in a microfluidic side-entry reactor (μSER) shows potential for pH control. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gruber
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Gordon Street London UK
| | - Marco P.C. Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Gordon Street London UK
| | - Philipp Sulzer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Member of Merck Group; Sigma-Aldrich; Member of Merck Group; Buchs Switzerland
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Frank Baganz
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Gordon Street London UK
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18
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Damião MCFCB, Galaverna R, Kozikowski AP, Eubanks J, Pastre JC. Telescoped continuous flow generation of a library of highly substituted 3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated continuous flow process for the synthesis of 3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles is reported. A small library of 18 compounds was prepared in just 48 minutes of residence time in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Galaverna
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP
- Campinas
- Brazil
| | | | - James Eubanks
- Division of Genetics and Development
- Krembil Research Institute
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP
- Campinas
- Brazil
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19
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Bana P, Örkényi R, Lövei K, Lakó Á, Túrós GI, Éles J, Faigl F, Greiner I. The route from problem to solution in multistep continuous flow synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:6180-6189. [PMID: 28087127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of continuous flow chemistry allow the multistep preparation of complex molecules such as APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) in a telescoped manner. Numerous examples of laboratory-scale applications are described, which are pointing towards novel manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical compounds, in accordance with recent regulatory, economical and quality guidances. The chemical and technical knowledge gained during these studies is considerable; nevertheless, connecting several individual chemical transformations and the attached analytics and purification holds hidden traps. In this review, we summarize innovative solutions for these challenges, in order to benefit chemists aiming to exploit flow chemistry systems for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bana
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Örkényi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Lövei
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Lakó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Éles
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Organic Chemical Technology Research Group, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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Acceleration of Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination in the Synthesis of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Gouveia FF, Rahbek JP, Mortensen AR, Pedersen MT, Felizardo PM, Bro R, Mealy MJ. Using PAT to accelerate the transition to continuous API manufacturing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:821-832. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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23
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Fitzpatrick DE, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. A Novel Internet-Based Reaction Monitoring, Control and Autonomous Self-Optimization Platform for Chemical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Fitzpatrick
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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24
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Mitic A, Cervera-Padrell AE, Mortensen AR, Skovby T, Dam-Johansen K, Javakhishvili I, Hvilsted S, Gernaey KV. Implementation of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for In-Line Monitoring of a Dehydration Reaction in a Tubular Laminar Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op5004055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Mitic
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Albert E. Cervera-Padrell
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asmus R. Mortensen
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Chemical
Production Development, H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, DK-4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | - Tommy Skovby
- Chemical
Production Development, H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, DK-4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | - Kim Dam-Johansen
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irakli Javakhishvili
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Hvilsted
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Mitic A, Gernaey KV. Process Intensification Tools in the Small-Scale Pharmaceutical Manufacturing of Small Molecules. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow technology—a tool for the safe manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6688-728. [PMID: 25989203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net.
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27
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Kontinuierliche Durchflussverfahren: ein Werkzeug für die sichere Synthese von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Ley SV, Fitzpatrick DE, Ingham RJ, Myers RM. Organic synthesis: march of the machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3449-64. [PMID: 25586940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic synthesis is changing; in a world where budgets are constrained and the environmental impacts of practice are scrutinized, it is increasingly recognized that the efficient use of human resource is just as important as material use. New technologies and machines have found use as methods for transforming the way we work, addressing these issues encountered in research laboratories by enabling chemists to adopt a more holistic systems approach in their work. Modern developments in this area promote a multi-disciplinary approach and work is more efficient as a result. This Review focuses on the concepts, procedures and methods that have far-reaching implications in the chemistry world. Technologies have been grouped as topics of opportunity and their recent applications in innovative research laboratories are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK).
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29
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Ley SV, Fitzpatrick DE, Ingham RJ, Myers RM. Organische Synthese: Vormarsch der Maschinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Reconfiguration of a Continuous Flow Platform for Extended Operation: Application to a Cryogenic Fluorine-Directed ortho-Lithiation Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500221s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Newby JA, Blaylock DW, Witt PM, Pastre JC, Zacharova MK, Ley SV, Browne DL. Design and Application of a Low-Temperature Continuous Flow Chemistry Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Newby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Paul M. Witt
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marija K. Zacharova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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32
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Zhou G, Moment A, Cuff J, Schafer W, Orella C, Sirota E, Gong X, Welch C. Process Development and Control with Recent New FBRM, PVM, and IR. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Zhou
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aaron Moment
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James Cuff
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wes Schafer
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Charles Orella
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric Sirota
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christopher Welch
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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33
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Chanda A, Daly AM, Foley DA, LaPack MA, Mukherjee S, Orr JD, Reid GL, Thompson DR, Ward HW. Industry Perspectives on Process Analytical Technology: Tools and Applications in API Development. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op400358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arani Chanda
- Analytical Research
Laboratories, Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate
Drive, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Adrian M. Daly
- Process
Analytical
Sciences Group, Pfizer Global Supply, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - David A. Foley
- Analytical Research
and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark A. LaPack
- Small Molecule Design & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Samrat Mukherjee
- Process R&D, GPRD, AbbVie Inc., Dept. R452, Bldg. R13-4, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John D. Orr
- Analytical Research
Laboratories, Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate
Drive, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - George L. Reid
- Analytical Research
and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Duncan R. Thompson
- Analytical Sciences,
Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Howard W. Ward
- Analytical Research
and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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34
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Lawrence J, O'Sullivan B, Lye GJ, Wohlgemuth R, Szita N. Microfluidic multi-input reactor for biocatalytic synthesis using transketolase. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS. B, ENZYMATIC 2013; 95:111-117. [PMID: 24187515 PMCID: PMC3724052 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic synthesis in continuous-flow microreactors is of increasing interest for the production of specialty chemicals. However, the yield of production achievable in these reactors can be limited by the adverse effects of high substrate concentration on the biocatalyst, including inhibition and denaturation. Fed-batch reactors have been developed in order to overcome this problem, but no continuous-flow solution exists. We present the design of a novel multi-input microfluidic reactor, capable of substrate feeding at multiple points, as a first step towards overcoming these problems in a continuous-flow setting. Using the transketolase-(TK) catalysed reaction of lithium hydroxypyruvate (HPA) and glycolaldehyde (GA) to l-erythrulose (ERY), we demonstrate the transposition of a fed-batch substrate feeding strategy to our microfluidic reactor. We obtained a 4.5-fold increase in output concentration and a 5-fold increase in throughput compared with a single input reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lawrence
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Gary J. Lye
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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35
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Pedersen MJ, Holm TL, Rahbek JP, Skovby T, Mealy MJ, Dam-Johansen K, Kiil S. Full-Scale Continuous Mini-Reactor Setup for Heterogeneous Grignard Alkylation of a Pharmaceutical Intermediate. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pedersen
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Holm
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | | | - Tommy Skovby
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Dam-Johansen
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Kiil
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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36
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Adamo A, Heider PL, Weeranoppanant N, Jensen KF. Membrane-Based, Liquid–Liquid Separator with Integrated Pressure Control. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401180t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Adamo
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick L. Heider
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Cervera-Padrell AE, Skovby T, Kiil S, Gani R, Gernaey KV. Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production involving continuous processes – A process system engineering (PSE)-assisted design framework. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:437-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Pataki H, Csontos I, Nagy ZK, Vajna B, Molnar M, Katona L, Marosi G. Implementation of Raman Signal Feedback to Perform Controlled Crystallization of Carvedilol. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300062t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Pataki
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Csontos
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor K. Nagy
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Vajna
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milan Molnar
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Katona
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Marosi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest,
Hungary
- Department
of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111
Budapest, Hungary
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39
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Gernaey KV, Cervera-Padrell AE, Woodley JM. A perspective on PSE in pharmaceutical process development and innovation. Comput Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Cervera-Padrell AE, Morthensen ST, Lewandowski DJ, Skovby T, Kiil S, Gernaey KV. Continuous Hydrolysis and Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Intermediate Using a Miniscale Hydrophobic Membrane Separator. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op200242s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Cervera-Padrell
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229,
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie T. Morthensen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229,
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel J. Lewandowski
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229,
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tommy Skovby
- Chemical Production Development, H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, DK-4500 Nykoebing Sj., Denmark
| | - Søren Kiil
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229,
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229,
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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