1
|
Bannon R, Morrison G, Smyth M, Moody TS, Wharry S, Roth PMC, Gauron G, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Approach for Benzylic Photo-oxidations Using Compressed Air. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:3307-3312. [PMID: 39171129 PMCID: PMC11334174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A continuous flow approach for the aerobic photo-oxidation of benzylic substrates to ketone and aldehyde products is presented. The resulting process exploits UV-A LEDs (375 nm) in combination with a Corning AFR reactor that ensures effective gas-liquid mixing and leads to short residence times of 1 min. A variety of benzylic substrates are converted to their corresponding carbonyl products, and scalability is demonstrated to produce multigram quantities of products within a few hours. Overall, this continuous flow approach offers several improvements over alternative oxidation methods due to the combined use of air as an oxidant and SAS (sodium anthraquinone-2 sulfonate) as a water-soluble photocatalyst. The use of greener and safer conditions together with process intensification principles renders this flow approach attractive for further industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi Bannon
- School
of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University
College Dublin, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Gary Morrison
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U.K.
| | - Megan Smyth
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U.K.
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U.K.
- Arran
Chemical Company, Monksland Industrial
Estate, Roscommon N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Scott Wharry
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U.K.
| | - Philippe M. C. Roth
- Corning
Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156
Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Gauron
- Corning
Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156
Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School
of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University
College Dublin, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao H, Ravn AK, Haibach MC, Engle KM, Johansson Seechurn CCC. Diversification of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes: Taking the Plunge into the Non-PGM Catalyst Pool. ACS Catal 2024; 14:9708-9733. [PMID: 38988647 PMCID: PMC11232362 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent global events have led to the cost of platinum group metals (PGMs) reaching unprecedented heights. Many chemical companies are therefore starting to seriously consider and evaluate if and where they can substitute PGMs for non-PGMs in their catalytic processes. This review covers recent highly relevant applications of non-PGM catalysts in the modern pharmaceutical industry. By highlighting these selected successful examples of non-PGM-catalyzed processes from the literature, we hope to emphasize the enormous potential of non-PGM catalysis and inspire further development within this field to enable this technology to progress toward manufacturing processes. We also present some historical contexts and review the perceived advantages and challenges of implementing non-PGM catalysts in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Sinocompound
Catalysts, Building C,
Bonded Area Technology Innovation Zone, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215634, China
| | - Anne K. Ravn
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process
Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hanneman CM, Twilton J, Hall MN, Goodwin NC, Elward JM, Lynch-Colameta T, Stahl SS. Copper-Nitroxyl-Catalyzed α-Oxygenation of Cyclic Secondary Amines Including Application to Late-Stage Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14439-14444. [PMID: 38743876 PMCID: PMC11409824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic secondary amines are prominent subunits in pharmaceutical compounds. Methods for direct functionalization of N-unprotected/unsubstituted piperidines and related heterocycles have limited precedent despite their potential to impact medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. Herein, we report a Cu/nitroxyl co-catalyzed method for direct conversion of cyclic secondary amines to the corresponding lactams via aerobic dehydrogenation and oxidative coupling with water. The mild reaction conditions tolerate diverse functional groups, enabling application to molecules that cover broad chemical space. The method is showcased in selective functionalization of building blocks and complex molecules, including late-stage functionalization of bromodomain inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hanneman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jack Twilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Melissa N Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicole C Goodwin
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jennifer M Elward
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Tessa Lynch-Colameta
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naik P, García-Lacuna J, O’Neill P, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Oxidation of Alcohols Using TEMPO/NaOCl for the Selective and Scalable Synthesis of Aldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:1587-1596. [PMID: 38783858 PMCID: PMC11110051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple and benign continuous flow oxidation protocol for the selective conversion of primary and secondary alcohols into their respective aldehyde and ketone products is reported. This approach makes use of catalytic amounts of TEMPO in combination with sodium bromide and sodium hypochlorite in a biphasic solvent system. A variety of substrates are tolerated including those containing heterocycles based on potentially sensitive nitrogen and sulfur moieties. The flow approach can be coupled with inline reactive extraction by formation of the carbonyl-bisulfite adduct which aids in separation of remaining substrate or other impurities. Process robustness is evaluated for the preparation of phenylpropanal at decagram scale, a trifluoromethylated oxazole building block as well as a late-stage intermediate for the anti-HIV drug maraviroc which demonstrates the potential value of this continuous oxidation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Naik
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Jorge García-Lacuna
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | | | - Marcus Baumann
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu J, Zhu Y, Gao H, Zhang F, Zhang Z. Rapid Catalysis for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Based on Nitroxyl-Radical-Free Copper(II) under Ambient Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongkang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wan L, Jiang M, Cheng D, Liu M, Chen F. Continuous flow technology-a tool for safer oxidation chemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advantages and benefits of continuous flow technology for oxidation chemistry have been illustrated in tube reactors, micro-channel reactors, tube-in-tube reactors and micro-packed bed reactors in the presence of various oxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Duan X, Yin J, Lou F, Zhang J. Copper/TEMPO-catalyzed continuous aerobic alcohol oxidation in a micro-packed bed reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A micro-packed bed reactor has been developed to demonstrate aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, utilizing green oxidant O2 and effective Cu/TEMPO-catalyzed system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaonan Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiabin Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengyan Lou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheedarala RK, Chidambaram RR, Siva A, Song JI. An aerobic oxidation of alcohols into carbonyl synthons using bipyridyl-cinchona based palladium catalyst. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32942-32954. [PMID: 35493605 PMCID: PMC9042156 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported an aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to respective aldehydes and ketones using a bipyridyl-cinchona alkaloid based palladium catalytic system (PdAc-5) using oxygen at moderate pressure. The PdAc-5 catalyst was analysed using SEM, EDAX, and XPS analysis. The above catalytic system is used in experiments for different oxidation systems which include different solvents, additives, and bases which are cheap, robust, non-toxic, and commercially available on the industrial bench. The obtained products are quite appreciable in both yield and selectivity (70-85%). In addition, numerous important studies, such as comparisons with various commercial catalysts, solvent systems, mixture of solvents, and catalyst mole%, were conducted using PdAc-5. The synthetic strategy of oxidation of alcohol into carbonyl compounds was well established and all the products were analysed using 1H NMR, 13CNMR and GC-mass analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Cheedarala
- Research Institute of Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University Changwon City Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy R Chidambaram
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ayyanar Siva
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jung Il Song
- Research Institute of Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University Changwon City Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hatridge TA, Wei B, Davies HML, Jones CW. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazone in a Three-Phase Packed Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nicholls TP, Bourne RA, Nguyen BN, Kapur N, Willans CE. On-Demand Electrochemical Synthesis of Tetrakisacetonitrile Copper(I) Triflate and Its Application in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6976-6980. [PMID: 33890765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An on-demand electrochemical synthesis of copper(I) triflate under both batch and continuous flow conditions has been developed. A major benefit of the electrochemical methodology is that the only byproduct of the reaction is hydrogen gas, which obviates the need for workup and purification, and water is not incorporated into the product. Upon completion of the electrochemical synthesis, solutions are directly transferred or dispensed into reaction mixtures for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol with no requirement for workup or purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao N Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou Z, Kong X, Liu T. Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Flow chemistry is a widely explored technology whose intrinsic features both facilitate and provide reproducible access to a broad range of chemical processes that are otherwise inefficient or problematic. At its core, a flow chemistry module is a stable set of conditions - traditionally thought of as an externally applied means of activation/control (e.g. heat or light) - through which reagents are passed. In an attempt to simplify the teaching and dissemination of this field, we envisioned that the key advantages of the technique, such as reproducibility and the correlation between reaction time and position within the reactor, allow for the redefinition of a flow module to a more synthetically relevant one based on the overall induced effect. We suggest a rethinking of the approach to flow modules, distributing them in two subclasses: transformers and generators, which can be described respectively as a set of conditions for either performing a specific transformation or for generating a reactive intermediate. The chemistry achieved by transformers and generators is (ideally) independent of the substrate introduced, meaning that they must be robust to small adjustments necessary for the adaptation to different starting materials and reagents while ensuring the same chemical outcome. These redefined modules can be used for single-step reactions or in multistep processes, where modules can be connected to each other in reconfigurable combinations to create chemical assembly systems (CAS) targeting compounds and libraries sharing structural cores. With this tutorial review, we provide a guide to the overall approach to flow chemistry, discussing the key parameters for the design of transformers and generators as well as the development of chemical assembly systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Guidi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salimi M, Esmaeli‐nasrabadi F, Sandaroos R. Effective and selective aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols using CoFe
2
O
4
@HT@Imine‐Cu
II
and TEMPO in the air atmosphere. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Birjand Birjand Iran
| | | | - Reza Sandaroos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Birjand Birjand Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang L, Liu P, Zhang HY, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Catalytic Oxidation of o-Chlorotoluene with Oxygen to o-Chlorobenzaldehyde in a Microchannel Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
- Tianjin Taipu Pharmaceutical Ltd., Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Hong-yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fujiwara K, Ishitani H, Kobayashi S. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Cationic Lipid SST-01 via Safe and Scalable Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Amination. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Fujiwara
- Fuji Research Park, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Crudden C, Jones CW. Shannon Stahl Is the Winner of the 2020 ACS Catalysis Lectureship. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Szczepaniak G, Piątkowski J, Nogaś W, Lorandi F, Yerneni SS, Fantin M, Ruszczyńska A, Enciso AE, Bulska E, Grela K, Matyjaszewski K. An isocyanide ligand for the rapid quenching and efficient removal of copper residues after Cu/TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation and atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three for the price of one: 1,4-bis(3-isocyanopropyl)piperazine allows for the removal of Cu impurities, can quench Cu-catalyzed reactions, and can prevent undesirable Glaser coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Nogaś
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | | | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Campbell Brewer A, Hoffman PC, Martinelli JR, Kobierski ME, Mullane N, Robbins D. Development and Scale-Up of a Continuous Aerobic Oxidative Chan–Lam Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Campbell Brewer
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Philip C. Hoffman
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joseph R. Martinelli
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael E. Kobierski
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Nessa Mullane
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - David Robbins
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sasano Y, Sato H, Tadokoro S, Kozawa M, Iwabuchi Y. Safe and Scalable Aerobic Oxidation by 2-Azaadamantan-2-ol (AZADOL)/NOx Catalysis: Large-Scale Preparation of Shi’s Catalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sato
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 2-10-1 Tsuboi-nishi, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8507, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tadokoro
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 2-10-1 Tsuboi-nishi, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8507, Japan
| | - Masami Kozawa
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 2-10-1 Tsuboi-nishi, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bogdan AR, Dombrowski AW. Emerging Trends in Flow Chemistry and Applications to the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6422-6468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Bogdan
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Amanda W. Dombrowski
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hone CA, Kappe CO. The Use of Molecular Oxygen for Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidations in Continuous Flow. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 377:2. [PMID: 30536152 PMCID: PMC6290733 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is the ultimate “green” oxidant for organic synthesis. There has been recent intensive research within the synthetic community to develop new selective liquid phase aerobic oxidation methodologies as a response to the necessity to reduce the environmental impact of chemical synthesis and manufacture. Green and sustainable chemical processes rely not only on effective chemistry but also on the implementation of reactor technologies that enhance reaction performance and overall safety. Continuous flow reactors have facilitated safer and more efficient utilization of O2, whilst enabling protocols to be scalable. In this article, we discuss recent advancements in the utilization of continuous processing for aerobic oxidations. The translation of aerobic oxidation from batch protocols to continuous flow processes, including process intensification (high T/p), is examined. The use of “synthetic air”, typically consisting of less than 10% O2 in N2, is compared to pure O2 (100% O2) as an oxidant source in terms of process efficiency and safety. Examples of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous (packed bed) catalysis are provided. The application of flow photoreactors for the in situ formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) for use in organic reactions, as well as the implementation of membrane technologies, green solvents and recent reactor solutions for handling O2 are covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hone
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang G, Ma D, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Mei G, Lyu J, Ding C, Shan S. NH 3⋅H 2O: The Simplest Nitrogen-Containing Ligand for Selective Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation to Aldehydes or Nitriles in Neat Water. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:885-889. [PMID: 30460169 PMCID: PMC6232702 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous ammonia (NH3⋅H2O) has been shown to serve as the simplest nitrogen-containing ligand to effectively promote copper-catalyzed selective alcohol oxidation under air in water. A series of alcohols with varying electronic and steric properties were selectively oxidized to aldehydes with up to 95 % yield. Notably, by increasing the amount of aqueous ammonia in neat water, the exclusive formation of aryl nitriles was also accomplished with good-to-excellent yields. Additionally, the catalytic system exhibits a high level of functional group tolerance with -OH, -NO2, esters, and heteroaryl groups all being amenable to the reaction conditions. This one-pot and green oxidation protocol provides an important synthetic route for the selective preparation of either aldehydes or nitriles from commercially available alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Danting Ma
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Guangyao Mei
- Zhejiang Hongyuan Pharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou317016P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Lyu
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Shang Shan
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ochen A, Whitten R, Aylott HE, Ruffell K, Williams GD, Slater F, Roberts A, Evans P, Steves JE, Sanganee MJ. Development of a Large-Scale Copper(I)/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation for the Synthesis of LSD1 Inhibitor GSK2879552. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Janelle E. Steves
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Koenig SG, Leahy DK, Wells AS. Evaluating the Impact of a Decade of Funding from the Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Koenig
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David K. Leahy
- Process Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew S. Wells
- CTC Ltd., Parklands, Northage Close, Quorn, Leicestershire LE12 8AT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu W, Huang Y, Li J, Tang X, Wu W, Jiang H. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative [3+2] Annulation for the Synthesis of 5-Amino/Imino-Substituted 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles through C-N/N-S Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9334-9343. [PMID: 30020784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative annulation reaction of 2-aminopyridine/amidine with isothiocyanate has been reported. This strategy involving C-N/N-S bond formations provides various 5-amino/imino-substituted 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives under a Cu/O2 catalytic system. This method has demonstrated high reactivity, mild reaction conditions, and a broad substrate scope. Furthermore, the synthetic utilities of the approach are demonstrated by further modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yubing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lagerblom K, Keskiväli J, Parviainen A, Mannisto J, Repo T. Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols with NO3
−
Activated Nitroxyl Radical/Manganese Catalyst System. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Lagerblom
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Keskiväli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki Finland
| | - Arno Parviainen
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki Finland
| | - Jere Mannisto
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
del Mar Conejo M, Cantero J, Pastor A, Álvarez E, Galindo A. Synthesis, structure and properties of nickel and copper complexes containing N,O -hydrazone Schiff base ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
30
|
Lancaster L, Hickey DP, Sigman MS, Minteer SD, Wheeldon I. Bioinspired design of a hybrid bifunctional enzymatic/organic electrocatalyst for site selective alcohol oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:491-494. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO and AdhD were chemically conjugated into a bifunctional catalyst that selectively oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lancaster
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of California, Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | | | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Utah
- Salt Lake City
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Ian Wheeldon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of California, Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang H, Yu W, Tang X, Li J, Wu W. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Regioselective Thiocyanation of Aromatics and Heteroaromatics. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9312-9320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wdowik T, Chemler SR. Direct Synthesis of 2-Formylpyrrolidines, 2-Pyrrolidinones and 2-Dihydrofuranones via Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Aminooxygenation and Dioxygenation of 4-Pentenylsulfonamides and 4-Pentenylalcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9515-9518. [PMID: 28678493 PMCID: PMC5782800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the direct conversion of 4-pentenylsulfonamides to 2-formylpyrrolidines and a 2-ketopyrrolidine has been developed. This transformation occurs via aerobic copper-catalyzed alkene aminooxygenation where molecular oxygen serves as both oxidant and oxygen source. The 2-formylpyrrolidines can further undergo oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage in situ upon addition of DABCO, providing 2-pyrrolidinones. These transformations have been demonstrated for a range of 4-pentenylsulfonamides. 4-Pentenylalcohols also undergo oxidative cyclization to form γ-lactones predominantly. The reaction is chemoselective, oxidizing one alkene in the presence of others, and is compatible with several functional groups. Application of these reactions to the formal syntheses of baclofen and (+)-monomorine was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wdowik
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1047] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Carbó López M, Chavant PY, Molton F, Royal G, Blandin V. Chiral Nitroxide/Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols: Atroposelective Oxidative Desymmetrization. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carbó López
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Pierre Y. Chavant
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Florian Molton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Véronique Blandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; DCM UMR-5250; F-38000 Grenoble France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hone CA, Roberge DM, Kappe CO. The Use of Molecular Oxygen in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Is Flow the Way to Go? CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:32-41. [PMID: 27863103 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen is arguably the greenest reagent available to the organic chemist. Most commonly, a diluted form of oxygen gas, consisting of less than 10 % O2 in N2 ("synthetic air"), is used in pharmaceutical and fine chemical batch manufacturing to effectively address safety concerns when handling molecular oxygen. Concentrations of O2 in N2 below 10 % are generally required to prevent the risk of combustions in the presence of flammable organic solvents ("limiting oxygen concentration"). Nonetheless, the use of pure oxygen is more efficient than using O2 diluted with N2 and can often provide enhanced reaction rates, resulting in significant improvements in product quality and process efficiency. This Concept takes into account recent studies to make the argument that, for liquid-phase aerobic oxidations, pure oxygen can indeed be handled safely on large scale by employing continuous-flow reactors, while also providing highly convincing synthetic and manufacturing benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hone
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Conejo MDM, Ávila P, Álvarez E, Galindo A. Synthesis and structure of nickel and copper complexes containing the N-allyl-o-hydroxyacetophenoniminato ligand and the application of copper complex as catalyst for aerobic alcohol oxidations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
37
|
Pennemann H, Kolb G. Review: Microstructured reactors as efficient tool for the operation of selective oxidation reactions. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Rachel L. Beingessner
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Heydari A, Sheykhan M, Sadeghi M, Radfar I. Nanorods of FeVO4: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for chemoselective oxidation of benzylic alcohols. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1186035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Radfar
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ray R, Chandra S, Maiti D, Lahiri GK. Simple and Efficient Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Primary Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen. Chemistry 2016; 22:8814-22. [PMID: 27257955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative transformations utilizing molecular oxygen (O2 ) as the stoichiometric oxidant are of paramount importance in organic synthesis from ecological and economical perspectives. Alcohol oxidation reactions that employ O2 are scarce in homogeneous catalysis and the efficacy of such systems has been constrained by limited substrate scope (most involve secondary alcohol oxidation) or practical factors, such as the need for an excess of base or an additive. Catalytic systems employing O2 as the "primary" oxidant, in the absence of any additive, are rare. A solution to this longstanding issue is offered by the development of an efficient ruthenium-catalyzed oxidation protocol, which enables smooth oxidation of a wide variety of primary, as well as secondary benzylic, allylic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic, alcohols with molecular oxygen as the primary oxidant and without any base or hydrogen- or electron-transfer agents. Most importantly, a high degree of selectivity during alcohol oxidation has been predicted for complex settings. Preliminary mechanistic studies including (18) O labeling established the in situ formation of an oxo-ruthenium intermediate as the active catalytic species in the cycle and involvement of a two-electron hydride transfer in the rate-limiting step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang YC, Sun XC, Guo ZM, Su L, Zhao JQ. Synthesis of pyridinecarboxaldimine grafted to magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) and its application in the aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols catalyzed by CuBr2/TEMPO. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
Jain R, Gibson TJ, Mashuta MS, Buchanan RM, Grapperhaus CA. Copper catalysed aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols in an imidazole containing N4 ligand framework. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18356-18364. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes has been investigated employing a tetradentate copper(ii) complex that incorporates N-methyl imidazole (NMI) as an integral part of an N4-ligand framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- USA
| | - Tony J. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- USA
| | - Mark S. Mashuta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gavriilidis A, Constantinou A, Hellgardt K, Hii KK(M, Hutchings GJ, Brett GL, Kuhn S, Marsden SP. Aerobic oxidations in flow: opportunities for the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals industries. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This collaborative review (between teams of chemists and chemical engineers) describes the current scientific and operational hurdles that prevent the utilisation of aerobic oxidation reactions for the production of speciality chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - King Kuok (Mimi) Hii
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | | | | | - Simon Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Stephen P. Marsden
- School of Chemistry and Institute of Process Research and Development
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noël T. Liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an exhaustive overview of the engineering principles, safety aspects and chemistry associated with liquid phase oxidation in continuous-flow microreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Minjing Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- E14014 Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Dunetz
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Daniel Fandrick
- Chemical Development, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd/PO Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Hans-Jürgen Federsel
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang Z, Askari MS, Esguerra KVN, Dai TY, Kwon O, Ottenwaelder X, Lumb JP. A bio-inspired synthesis of oxindoles by catalytic aerobic dual C-H functionalization of phenols. Chem Sci 2015; 7:358-369. [PMID: 29861988 PMCID: PMC5952266 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a bio-inspired approach to the synthesis of oxindoles, which couples the energetic requirements of dehydrogenative C–N bond formation to the reduction of oxygen.
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are fundamentally important to the function of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Herein, we report a bio-inspired approach to the synthesis of oxindoles, which couples the energetic requirements of dehydrogenative C–N bond formation to the reduction of molecular oxygen (O2). Our method is inspired by the biosynthesis of melanin pigments (melanogenesis), but diverges from the biosynthetic polymerization. Mechanistic analysis reveals the involvement of CuII-semiquinone radical intermediates, which enable dehydrogenative carbon–heteroatom bond formation that avoids a catechol/quinone redox couple. This mitagates the deleterious polarity reversal that results from phenolic dearomatization, and enables a high-yielding phenolic C–H functionalization under catalytic aerobic conditions. Our work highlights the broad synthetic utility and efficiency of forming C–N bonds via a catalytic aerobic dearomatization of phenols, which is currently an underdeveloped transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| | - Mohammad S Askari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Concordia University , Montreal , QC H4B 1R6 , Canada .
| | | | - Tian-Yang Dai
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| | - Ohhyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Concordia University , Montreal , QC H4B 1R6 , Canada .
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang YC, Huang R, Lü FL, Cao XH, Zhao JQ. Aerobic oxidation of alcohols by copper(I)/benzoxazine ligand/TEMPO under mild and base-free conditions. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
48
|
Steves JE, Preger Y, Martinelli JR, Welch CJ, Root TW, Hawkins JM, Stahl SS. Process Development of CuI/ABNO/NMI-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle E. Steves
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yuliya Preger
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joseph R. Martinelli
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joel M. Hawkins
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ciriminna R, Pandarus V, Béland F, Xu YJ, Pagliaro M. Heterogeneously Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation for the Fine Chemical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerica Pandarus
- SiliCycle, 2500 Boulevard
du Parc Technologique, Québec, QC G1P 4S6, Canada
| | - Francois Béland
- SiliCycle, 2500 Boulevard
du Parc Technologique, Québec, QC G1P 4S6, Canada
| | - Yi-Jun Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, New
Campus, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Greene JF, Preger Y, Stahl SS, Root TW. PTFE-Membrane Flow Reactor for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions and Its Application to Alcohol Oxidation. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie F. Greene
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yuliya Preger
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|