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Tanimoto H, Tomohiro T. Spot the difference in reactivity: a comprehensive review of site-selective multicomponent conjugation exploiting multi-azide compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39302239 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Going beyond the conventional approach of pairwise conjugation between two molecules, the integration of multiple components onto a central scaffold molecule is essential for the development of high-performance molecular materials with multifunctionality. This approach also facilitates the creation of functionalized molecular probes applicable in diverse fields ranging from pharmaceuticals to polymeric materials. Among the various click functional groups, the azido group stands out as a representative click functional group due to its steric compactness, high reactivity, handling stability, and easy accessibility in the context of multi-azide scaffolds. However, the azido groups in multi-azide scaffolds have not been well exploited for site-specific use in molecular conjugation. In fact, multi-azide compounds have been well used to conjugate to the same multiple fragments. To circumvent problems of promiscuous and random coupling of multiple different fragments to multiple azido positions, it is imperative to distinguish specific azido positions and use them orthogonally for molecular conjugation. This review outlines methods and strategies to exploit specific azide positions for molecular conjugation in the presence of multiple azido groups. Illustrative examples covering di-, tri- and tetraazide click scaffolds are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takenori Tomohiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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2
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Mairhofer C, Naderer D, Waser M. Tetrabutylammonium iodide-catalyzed oxidative α-azidation of β-ketocarbonyl compounds using sodium azide. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1510-1517. [PMID: 38978746 PMCID: PMC11228824 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We herein report the oxidative α-azidation of carbonyl compounds by using NaN3 in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). By utilizing these readily available bulk chemicals a variety of cyclic β-ketocarbonyl derivatives can be efficiently α-azidated under operationally simple conditions. Control experiments support a mechanistic scenario involving in situ formation of an ammonium hypoiodite species which first facilitates the α-iodination of the pronucleophile, followed by a phase-transfer-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution by the azide. Furthermore, we also show that an analogous α-nitration by using NaNO2 under otherwise identical conditions is possible as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mairhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - David Naderer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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3
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Demidov N, Grebogi M, Bourne C, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Stasch A. A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of a Sterically Demanding Aniline from Aryllithium Using Trimethylsilyl Azide, Conversion to β-Diketimines and Synthesis of a β-Diketiminate Magnesium Hydride Complex. Molecules 2023; 28:7569. [PMID: 38005290 PMCID: PMC10673297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the one-pot synthesis of sterically demanding aniline derivatives from aryllithium species utilising trimethylsilyl azide to introduce amine functionalities and conversions to new examples of a common N,N'-chelating ligand system. The reaction of TripLi (Trip = 2,4,6-iPr3-C6H2) with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the silyltriazene TripN2N(SiMe3)2 in situ, which readily reacts with methanol under dinitrogen elimination to the aniline TripNH2 in good yield. The reaction pathways and by-products of the system have been studied. The extension of this reaction to a much more sterically demanding terphenyl system suggested that TerLi (Ter = 2,6-Trip2-C6H3) slowly reacted with trimethylsilyl azide to form a silyl(terphenyl)triazenide lithium complex in situ, predominantly underwent nitrogen loss to TerN(SiMe3)Li in parallel, which afforded TerN(SiMe3)H after workup, and can be deprotected under acidic conditions to form the aniline TerNH2. TripNH2 was furthermore converted to the sterically demanding β-diketimines RTripnacnacH (=HC{RCN(Trip)}2H), with R = Me, Et and iPr, in one-pot procedures from the corresponding 1,3-diketones. The bulkiest proligand was employed to synthesise the magnesium hydride complex [{(iPrTripnacnac)MgH}2], which shows a distorted dimeric structure caused by the substituents of the sterically demanding ligand moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (N.D.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.)
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4
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Lindner H, Amberg WM, Carreira EM. Iron-Mediated Photochemical Anti-Markovnikov Hydroazidation of Unactivated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22347-22353. [PMID: 37811819 PMCID: PMC10591317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Unactivated olefins are converted to alkyl azides with bench-stable NaN3 in the presence of FeCl3·6H2O under blue-light irradiation. The products are obtained with anti-Markovnikov selectivity, and the reaction can be performed under mild ambient conditions in the presence of air and moisture. The transformation displays broad functional group tolerance, which renders it suitable for functionalization of complex molecules. Mechanistic investigations are conducted to provide insight into the hydroazidation reaction and reveal the role of water from the iron hydrate as the H atom source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lindner
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Willi M. Amberg
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Neighboring Nitrogen Atom-Induced Reactions of Azidoacetyl Hydrazides, including Unexpected Nitrogen-Nitrogen Bond Cleavage of the Hydrazide. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the hydrazide compounds of the α-azidoacetyl group, which showed specific click reactivity by the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the azido group and the N-H of the hydrazide moiety. In the competitive click reactions with a general alkyl azide, both traceless and non-traceless Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation occurred azide-site-selectively by the acceleration effect of the hydrogen bonding. However, the product obtained from the traceless reaction was further transformed into heterocyclic compounds. In addition, in an attempt at a synthesis of naphthalimide-possessing azidoacetyl hydrazide, nitrogen-nitrogen bond cleavage of the azidoacetyl hydrazides occurred to give the reduced amine product. These unexpected results could help design molecules for the successful Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation of the hydrazide compounds and develop a new nitrogen-nitrogen bond cleavage method.
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7
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Treitler DS, Leung S. How Dangerous Is Too Dangerous? A Perspective on Azide Chemistry. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11293-11295. [PMID: 36052475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Treitler
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Simon Leung
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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8
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Kirsch SF, Bensberg K. Reactions with Geminal Diazides: Long Known, Full of Surprises, and New Opportunities. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGeminal diazides are uncommon yet powerful tools in organic synthesis. The chemistry of this class of functional compounds is characterized by quite unusual reactivities, including fragmentations and degradations, along with known reactions of organic azides. This Short Review highlights the major reactivities of various structural units having geminal diazido moieties, and provides an overview on the synthetic opportunities of such compounds.1 Introduction2 Preparation of Geminal Diazides3 Reactivities of Geminal Diazides3.1 α,α-Diazido Carbonyls3.2 1,3-Diketones3.3 Diazidated β-Ketoesters3.4 Diazidated Malonates3.5 Diazidated Malonamides3.6 Miscellaneous Geminal Diazides4 Conclusion
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9
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Oda S, Fukui Y, Hozumi Y, Takeuchi Y, Hosoya M. Development of an Optimized Synthetic Process for an Antiobesity Drug Candidate (S-234462) Featuring Mild Chlorination of Benzoxazolone and In Situ IR Monitoring of a Mitsunobu Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Oda
- API R&D Laboratory, CMC R&D Division, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukui
- API R&D Laboratory, CMC R&D Division, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hozumi
- API R&D Laboratory, CMC R&D Division, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takeuchi
- API R&D Laboratory, CMC R&D Division, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosoya
- API R&D Laboratory, CMC R&D Division, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
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10
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Chen C, Ge J, He L. Selective synthesis and reactivity expansion of α,β-unsaturated geminal diazides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated gem-diazides were selectively obtained catalyzed by Yb(TfO)3 using α,β-unsaturated aldehydes as substrates and TMSN3 as a nitrogen source under mild and simple conditions in moderate yields without Schmidt and allylic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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11
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Young MC, Chand-Thakuri P, Alahakoon I, Liu D, Kapoor M, Kennedy JF, Jenkins KW, Rabon AM. Native Amine-Directed ortho-C–H Halogenation and Acetoxylation /Condensation of Benzylamines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1625-9095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFree or unfunctionalized benzylamines are well known to participate in C–H activation in the presence of palladium salts. Despite the ease with which these complexes can be activated, subsequent functionalization of the dimeric cyclometalates can be challenging. We demonstrate herein a free primary amine based C–H activation/functionalization protocol that allows for the ortho-C–H chlorination and bromination of unprotected benzylamines. We also demonstrate how use of fluorine-based oxidants gives rise to a unique acetoxylation/cyclization owing to the nucleophilicity of the free primary amine directing group.
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12
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Gurawa A, Kumar M, Kashyap S. Selective Azidooxygenation of Alkenes Enabled by Photo-induced Radical Transfer Using Aryl-λ 3-azidoiodane Species. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26623-26639. [PMID: 34661016 PMCID: PMC8515593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The photolytic radical-induced vicinal azidooxygenation of synthetically important and diverse functionalized substrates including unactivated alkenes is reported. The photoredox-catalyst/additive-free protocol enables intermolecular oxyazidation by simultaneously incorporating two new functionalities; C-O and C-N across the C=C double bond in a selective manner. Mechanistic investigations reveal the intermediacy of the azidyl radical facilitated via the photolysis of λ3-azidoiodane species and cascade proceeding to generate an active carbon-centered radical. The late-stage transformations of azido- and oxy-moieties were amply highlighted by assembling high-value drug analogs and bioactive skeletons.
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13
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Jordan A, Stoy P, Sneddon HF. Chlorinated Solvents: Their Advantages, Disadvantages, and Alternatives in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1582-1622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jordan
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, 6 Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2GA, U.K
| | - Patrick Stoy
- Drug Design and Selection, Platform and Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Helen F. Sneddon
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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14
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Joshi VM, Sojitra C, Sasane S, Shukla M, Chauhan R, Chaubey V, Jain S, Shah K, Mande H, Soman S, Pamidimukkala PS, Shah SR, Pandey B, Singh KK, Agarwal S. Practical and Efficient Synthesis of 2-Thio-imidazole Derivative— ZY12201: A Potent TGR5 Agonist. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek M. Joshi
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390002, India
| | - Chandrakant Sojitra
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390002, India
- API Division, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Santosh Sasane
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390002, India
| | - Mrigendra Shukla
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rakesh Chauhan
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Vipin Chaubey
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sarika Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Kalpesh Shah
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Hemant Mande
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390002, India
| | - Shubhangi Soman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390002, India
| | | | - Shailesh R. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda 390002, India
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Kumar K. Singh
- API Division, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sameer Agarwal
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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15
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Borghi F, Çelik IE, Biallas P, Mittendorf F, Kirsch SF. Expanding the Versatile Reactivity of Diazido Malonic Acid Esters and Amides: Decarboxylation and Imine Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Borghi
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ibrahim E. Çelik
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Fabia Mittendorf
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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16
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Koo H, Kim HY, Oh K. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Isoxazoles via Vinyl Azides from Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Alkynes: A Modulated Troubleshooting Optimization Approach. Org Lett 2019; 21:10063-10068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmo Koo
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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17
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Design, synthesis and anti-tumour activity of new pyrimidine-pyrrole appended triazoles. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Hattori H, Hoff LV, Gademann K. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Mangrolide D. Org Lett 2019; 21:3456-3459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas V. Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Yokoi T, Tanimoto H, Ueda T, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Site-Selective Conversion of Azido Groups at Carbonyl α-Positions to Diazo Groups in Diazido and Triazido Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12103-12121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yokoi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueda
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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20
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Shanmukaraj D, Kretschmer K, Sahu T, Bao W, Rojo T, Wang G, Armand M. Highly Efficient, Cost Effective, and Safe Sodiation Agent for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3286-3291. [PMID: 29968282 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of sodium-ion batteries has been hindered so far by the large irreversible capacity of hard carbon anodes and other anode materials in the initial few cycles, as sodium ions coming from cathode materials is consumed in the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and irreversibly trapped in anodes. Herein, the successful synthesis of an environmentally benign and cost-effective sodium salt (Na2 C4 O4 ) is reported that could be applied as additive in cathodes to solve the irreversible-capacity issues of anodes in sodium-ion batteries. When added to Na3 (VO)2 (PO4 )2 F cathode, the cathode delivered a highly stable capacity of 135 mAh g-1 and stable cycling performance. The water-stable Na3 (VO)2 (PO4 )2 F cathode in combination with a water-soluble sacrificial salt eliminates the need for using any toxic solvents for laminate preparation, thus paving way for greener electrode fabrication techniques. A 100 % increase in capacity of sodium cells (full-cell configuration) has been observed when using the new sodium salt at a C-rate of 2C. Regardless of the electrode fabrication technique, this new salt finds use in both aqueous and non-aqueous cathode-fabrication techniques for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Shanmukaraj
- Electrochemical Energy storage group, CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Katja Kretschmer
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Tuhin Sahu
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Weizhai Bao
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Teofilo Rojo
- Electrochemical Energy storage group, CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Michel Armand
- Electrochemical Energy storage group, CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
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21
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Banasik B, Nadala C, Samadpour M. An Economical and Scalable Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Amine, M.W. 5,000. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1405333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Banasik
- Molecular Epidemiology, Inc., 15300 Bothell Way NE, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155, USA
| | - Cesar Nadala
- Molecular Epidemiology, Inc., 15300 Bothell Way NE, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155, USA
| | - Mansour Samadpour
- Molecular Epidemiology, Inc., 15300 Bothell Way NE, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health, Inc., Laboratories and Consulting Group, 15300 Bothell Way NE, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155, USA
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22
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A fast route for the synthesis of tetrazolyl oximes by a novel multicomponent reaction between Z-chlorooximes, isocyanides and trimethylsilyl azide. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Holzschneider K, Häring AP, Haack A, Corey DJ, Benter T, Kirsch SF. Pathways in the Degradation of Geminal Diazides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8242-8250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Corey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, 303 E. Kearsley St., Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
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24
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Lorthiois E, Anderson K, Vulpetti A, Rogel O, Cumin F, Ostermann N, Steinbacher S, Mac Sweeney A, Delgado O, Liao SM, Randl S, Rüdisser S, Dussauge S, Fettis K, Kieffer L, de Erkenez A, Yang L, Hartwieg C, Argikar UA, La Bonte LR, Newton R, Kansara V, Flohr S, Hommel U, Jaffee B, Maibaum J. Discovery of Highly Potent and Selective Small-Molecule Reversible Factor D Inhibitors Demonstrating Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28621538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The highly specific S1 serine protease factor D (FD) plays a central role in the amplification of the complement alternative pathway (AP) of the innate immune system. Genetic associations in humans have implicated AP activation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and AP dysfunction predisposes individuals to disorders such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). The combination of structure-based hit identification and subsequent optimization of the center (S)-proline-based lead 7 has led to the discovery of noncovalent reversible and selective human factor D (FD) inhibitors with drug-like properties. The orally bioavailable compound 2 exerted excellent potency in 50% human whole blood in vitro and blocked AP activity ex vivo after oral administration to monkeys as demonstrated by inhibition of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. Inhibitor 2 demonstrated sustained oral and ocular efficacy in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic AP activation in mice expressing human FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Lorthiois
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Anderson
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rogel
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Cumin
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aengus Mac Sweeney
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Omar Delgado
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sha-Mei Liao
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stefan Randl
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Rüdisser
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Solene Dussauge
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Fettis
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Kieffer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea de Erkenez
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Louis Yang
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Constanze Hartwieg
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura R La Bonte
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald Newton
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Viral Kansara
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stefanie Flohr
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Hommel
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Jaffee
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jürgen Maibaum
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Samuel PP, Kundu S, Mohapatra C, George A, De S, Parameswaran P, Roesky HW. One‐Pot Catalytic Synthesis of
gem
‐Diazides and Their Direct Conversion into Safe Materials. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prinson P. Samuel
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Anjana George
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT campus P. O. 673601 Kozhikodu Kerala India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT campus P. O. 673601 Kozhikodu Kerala India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT campus P. O. 673601 Kozhikodu Kerala India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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26
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Häring AP, Biallas P, Kirsch SF. An Unconventional Reaction of 2,2-Diazido Acylacetates with Amines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P. Häring
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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27
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Biallas P, Häring AP, Kirsch SF. Cleavage of 1,3-dicarbonyls through oxidative amidation. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3184-3187. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative cleavage of 1,3-diketones with amines is shown in the presence of iodine and azide anions, amides are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Andreas P. Häring
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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28
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Kitamura M. Azidoimidazolinium Salts: Safe and Efficient Diazo-transfer Reagents and Unique Azido-donors. CHEM REC 2016; 17:653-666. [PMID: 28000372 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
2-Azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (ADMC) and its corresponding hexafluorophosphate (ADMP) were found to be efficient diazo-transfer reagents to various organic compounds. ADMC was prepared by the reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC) and sodium azide. ADMP was isolated as a crystal having good thermal stability and low explosibility. ADMC and ADMP reacted with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under mild basic conditions to give 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in high yields, which were easily isolated in virtue of the high water solubility of the by-products. ADMP showed high diazo-transfer ability to primary amines even in the absence of metal salt such as Cu(II). Using this diazotization approach, various alkyl/aryl azides were directly obtained from their corresponding primary amines in high yields. Furthermore, naphthols reacted with ADMC to give the corresponding diazonaphthoquinones in good to high yields. In addition, 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium salts were employed as azide-transfer and migratory amidation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kitamura
- Department Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, 804-8550, Japan
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29
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Erhardt H, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. Synthesis of the 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Core through Thermolysis of Geminal Diazides. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hellmuth Erhardt
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Inorganic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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30
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Preston D, Tucker RAJ, Garden AL, Crowley JD. Heterometallic [MnPtn(L)2n]x+ Macrocycles from Dichloromethane-Derived Bis-2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8928-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert A. J. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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31
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Efficient synthesis of new antiproliferative steroidal hybrids using the molecular hybridization approach. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:241-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Erhardt H, Häring AP, Kotthaus A, Roggel M, Tong ML, Biallas P, Jübermann M, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. Geminal Diazides Derived from 1,3-Dicarbonyls: A Protocol for Synthesis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12460-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hellmuth Erhardt
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas P. Häring
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Kotthaus
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Markus Roggel
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - My Linh Tong
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin Jübermann
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Inorganic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße
20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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33
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Reddy TR, Rao DS, Babachary K, Kashyap S. Sulfonium Salts of Iodine(I) Species as Efficient Reagents for the Regioselective Bisfunctionalisation of Glycals and Enol Ethers. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Synthesis and Chemistry of Organic Geminal Di- and Triazides. Molecules 2015; 20:20042-62. [PMID: 26561796 PMCID: PMC6331879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review recapitulates all available literature dealing with the synthesis and reactivity of geminal organic di- and triazides. These compound classes are, to a large extent, unexplored despite their promising chemical properties and their simple preparation. In addition, the chemistry of carbonyl diazide (2) and tetraazidomethane (105) is described in separate sections.
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35
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Huang X, Bergsten TM, Groves JT. Manganese-Catalyzed Late-Stage Aliphatic C–H Azidation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5300-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Tova M. Bergsten
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
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36
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Rohmer K, Mannuthodikayil J, Wittmann V. Application of the Thioacid-Azide Ligation (TAL) for the Preparation of Glycosylated and Fluorescently Labeled Amino Acids. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Klahn P, Erhardt H, Kotthaus A, Kirsch SF. Über die Synthese von α-Azidoestern und geminalen Triaziden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Klahn P, Erhardt H, Kotthaus A, Kirsch SF. The Synthesis of α-Azidoesters and Geminal Triazides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7913-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Stevens MY, Sawant RT, Odell LR. Synthesis of Sulfonyl Azides via Diazotransfer using an Imidazole-1-sulfonyl Azide Salt: Scope and 15N NMR Labeling Experiments. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4826-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500553q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Y. Stevens
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rajiv T. Sawant
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Kölmel DK, Jung N, Bräse S. Azides – Diazonium Ions – Triazenes: Versatile Nitrogen-rich Functional Groups. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For more than 100 years, nitrogen-rich compounds such as azides, diazonium ions, and triazenes have proved to be extremely valuable. Because these functional groups can be easily introduced into various substrates, they are frequently used nowadays. More importantly, they can be converted into a great number of other functional groups. The scope of this article is thus to summarize possible synthetic routes for the formation of these functional groups as well as to highlight some of the most prominent applications of these exciting moieties in chemical biology and combinatorial chemistry. Many of the most famous name reactions such as the Staudinger reduction, Staudinger ligation, Sandmeyer reaction, Wallach reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Huisgen reaction, Balz–Schiemann reaction, Meerwein arylation, Pschorr reaction or Gomberg–Bachmann reaction are covered.
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41
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Kitamura M, Kato S, Yano M, Tashiro N, Shiratake Y, Sando M, Okauchi T. A reagent for safe and efficient diazo-transfer to primary amines: 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4397-406. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Kitamura M. Development of Safe Diazo-transfer Reagent: Synthesis and Reaction of Guanidino Diazonium Salt (Azide Imidazolinium Salt). J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2014. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.72.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Comparative molecular field analysis of fenoterol derivatives interacting with an agonist-stabilized form of the β₂-adrenergic receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:234-46. [PMID: 24326276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The β₂-adrenergic receptor (β₂-AR) agonist [(3)H]-(R,R')-methoxyfenoterol was employed as the marker ligand in displacement studies measuring the binding affinities (Ki values) of the stereoisomers of a series of 4'-methoxyfenoterol analogs in which the length of the alkyl substituent at α' position was varied from 0 to 3 carbon atoms. The binding affinities of the compounds were additionally determined using the inverse agonist [(3)H]-CGP-12177 as the marker ligand and the ability of the compounds to stimulate cAMP accumulation, measured as EC₅₀ values, were determined in HEK293 cells expressing the β₂-AR. The data indicate that the highest binding affinities and functional activities were produced by methyl and ethyl substituents at the α' position. The results also indicate that the Ki values obtained using [(3)H]-(R,R')-methoxyfenoterol as the marker ligand modeled the EC₅₀ values obtained from cAMP stimulation better than the data obtained using [(3)H]-CGP-12177 as the marker ligand. The data from this study was combined with data from previous studies and processed using the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis approach to produce a CoMFA model reflecting the binding to the β₂-AR conformation probed by [(3)H]-(R,R')-4'-methoxyfenoterol. The CoMFA model of the agonist-stabilized β₂-AR suggests that the binding of the fenoterol analogs to an agonist-stabilized conformation of the β₂-AR is governed to a greater extend by steric effects than binding to the [(3)H]-CGP-12177-stabilized conformation(s) in which electrostatic interactions play a more predominate role.
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44
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Mitcheltree MJ, Konst ZA, Herzon SB. A practical method for regiocontrolled one-carbon ring contraction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013; 69:5634-5639. [PMID: 34012174 PMCID: PMC8130835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient method for the perfluorobutanesulfonyl azide-mediated one-carbon ring contraction of cyclic enoxysilanes is described. High-yielding procedures for the elaboration of the resulting N-acyl sulfonamide products are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zef A. Konst
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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45
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Tanimoto H, Kakiuchi K. Recent Applications and Developments of Organic Azides in Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic azides have been exploited since their discovery because of their high reactivities. Various organic reactions using azides have been synthetically applied in chemical biology pharmaceuticals medicinal and agricultural areas. In this review we present some recent applications and developments of organic azides in the total synthesis of natural products (mostly within five years) especially alkaloids. We focus not only on application examples of organic azides but also show their preparation methods including recently reported procedures concerning their decomposing and reducing methods in the syntheses of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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46
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Synthesis of 9-amino(9-deoxy)epi cinchona alkaloids, general chiral organocatalysts for the stereoselective functionalization of carbonyl compounds. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:325-44. [PMID: 23329005 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe two procedures for the synthesis of primary amines derived from 9-amino(9-deoxy)epi cinchona alkaloids, valuable catalysts used in the asymmetric functionalization of carbonyl compounds. The first approach allows the one-pot 5-g-scale syntheses of four cinchona-based analogs (1, 3, 5 and 7) from the alkaloids quinine (QN), quinidine (QD), dihydroquinine (DHQN) and dihydroquinidine (DHQD), respectively, performed by means of a Mitsunobu reaction to introduce an azide group, followed by reduction and hydrolysis. Demethylation of 1, 3, 5 and 7 with BBr(3) provided direct access to the bifunctional aminocatalysts 2, 4, 6 and 8. A second approach, more convenient for scale-up (tested to a 20-g scale), is also provided. In this second procedure, the azides, formed from the O-mesylated derivatives of QN and QD, are selectively reduced with LiAlH(4) to afford catalysts 1 and 3, whereas hydrogenation (Pd/C) provides 5 and 7. Demethylation of 1, 3, 5 and 7 using an alkylthiolate affords 2, 4, 6 and 8 in a process in which the less-expensive QN and QD are the only starting materials used.
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47
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Tummatorn J, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S, Gettongsong T. Synthesis of 2,4-unsubstituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters from arylmethyl azides via a domino process. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1463-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27493d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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48
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González-Bobes F, Kopp N, Li L, Deerberg J, Sharma P, Leung S, Davies M, Bush J, Hamm J, Hrytsak M. Scale-up of Azide Chemistry: A Case Study. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco González-Bobes
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Nathaniel Kopp
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Li Li
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Joerg Deerberg
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Simon Leung
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Merrill Davies
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Joseph Bush
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jason Hamm
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael Hrytsak
- Chemical
Development, ‡Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, and §Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
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49
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Attanasi OA, Bartoccini S, Favi G, Filippone P, Perrulli FR, Santeusanio S. Tandem Aza-Wittig/Carbodiimide-Mediated Annulation Applicable to 1,2-Diaza-1,3-dienes for the One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,2-Diaminoimidazoles. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9338-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301376z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orazio A. Attanasi
- Dipartimento
DiSteVa, Sezione COSON, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via
I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartoccini
- Dipartimento
DiSteVa, Sezione COSON, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via
I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Dipartimento
DiSteVa, Sezione COSON, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via
I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Paolino Filippone
- Dipartimento
DiSteVa, Sezione COSON, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via
I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Perrulli
- Dipartimento
DiSteVa, Sezione COSON, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via
I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Dipartimento
DiSteVa, Sezione COSON, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via
I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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50
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Nguyen TX, Morrell A, Conda-Sheridan M, Marchand C, Agama K, Bermingam A, Stephen AG, Chergui A, Naumova A, Fisher R, O’Keefe BR, Pommier Y, Cushman M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the first dual tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1)-topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4457-78. [PMID: 22536944 PMCID: PMC3350798 DOI: 10.1021/jm300335n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Substances with dual tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I-topoisomerase I inhibitory activity in one low molecular weight compound would constitute a unique class of anticancer agents that could potentially have significant advantages over drugs that work against the individual enzymes. The present study demonstrates the successful synthesis and evaluation of the first dual Top1-Tdp1 inhibitors, which are based on the indenoisoquinoline chemotype. One bis(indenoisoquinoline) had significant activity against human Tdp1 (IC(50) = 1.52 ± 0.05 μM), and it was also equipotent to camptothecin as a Top1 inhibitor. Significant insights into enzyme-drug interactions were gained via structure-activity relationship studies of the series. The present results also document the failure of the previously reported sulfonyl ester pharmacophore to confer Tdp1 inhibition in this indenoisoquinoline class of inhibitors even though it was demonstrated to work well for the steroid NSC 88915 (7). The current study will facilitate future efforts to optimize dual Top1-Tdp1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Andrew Morrell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Christophe Marchand
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255
| | - Keli Agama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255
| | - Alun Bermingam
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 217023
| | - Andrew G. Stephen
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Adel Chergui
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255
| | - Alena Naumova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255
| | - Robert Fisher
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Barry R. O’Keefe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 217023
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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