1
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Sujansky SJ, Hoteling GA, Bandar JS. A strategy for the controllable generation of organic superbases from benchtop-stable salts. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10018-10026. [PMID: 38966380 PMCID: PMC11220602 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic superbases are a distinct class of strong base that enable numerous modern reaction applications. Despite their great synthetic potential, widespread use and study of superbases are limited by their air sensitivity and difficult preparation. To address this, we report air-stable carboxylate salts of BTPP and P2-t-Bu phosphazene superbases that, when added to solution with an epoxide, spontaneously generate freebase. These systems function as effective precatalysts and stoichiometric prereagents for superbase-promoted addition, substitution and polymerization reactions. In addition to improving the synthesis, shelf stability, handling and recycling of phosphazenes, this approach enables precise regulation of the rate of base generation in situ. The activation strategy effectively mimics manual slow addition techniques, allowing for control over a reaction's rate or induction period and improvement of reactions that require strong base but are also sensitive to its presence, such as Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Garrett A Hoteling
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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2
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Lui NM, MacMillan SN, Collum DB. Lithiated Oppolzer Enolates: Solution Structures, Mechanism of Alkylation, and Origin of Stereoselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23379-23395. [PMID: 36534055 PMCID: PMC10071589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Camphorsultam-based lithium enolates referred to colloquially as Oppolzer enolates are examined spectroscopically, crystallographically, kinetically, and computationally to ascertain the mechanism of alkylation and the origin of the stereoselectivity. Solvent- and substrate-dependent structures include tetramers for alkyl-substituted enolates in toluene, unsymmetric dimers for aryl-substituted enolates in toluene, substrate-independent symmetric dimers in THF and THF/toluene mixtures, HMPA-bridged trisolvated dimers at low HMPA concentrations, and disolvated monomers for the aryl-substituted enolates at elevated HMPA concentrations. Extensive analyses of the stereochemistry of aggregation are included. Rate studies for reaction with allyl bromide implicate an HMPA-solvated ion pair with a +Li(HMPA)4 counterion. Dependencies on toluene and THF are attributed to exclusively secondary-shell (medium) effects. Aided by density functional theory (DFT) computations, a stereochemical model is presented in which neither chelates nor the lithium gegenion serves roles. The stereoselectivity stems from the chirality within the sultam ring and not the camphor skeletal core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Lui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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3
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Miele M, Pillari V, Pace V, Alcántara AR, de Gonzalo G. Application of Biobased Solvents in Asymmetric Catalysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196701. [PMID: 36235236 PMCID: PMC9570574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The necessity of more sustainable conditions that follow the twelve principles of Green Chemistry have pushed researchers to the development of novel reagents, catalysts and solvents for greener asymmetric methodologies. Solvents are in general a fundamental part for developing organic processes, as well as for the separation and purification of the reaction products. By this reason, in the last years, the application of the so-called green solvents has emerged as a useful alternative to the classical organic solvents. These solvents must present some properties, such as a low vapor pressure and toxicity, high boiling point and biodegradability, and must be obtained from renewable sources. In the present revision, the recent application of these biobased solvents in the synthesis of optically active compounds employing different catalytic methodologies, including biocatalysis, organocatalysis and metal catalysis, will be analyzed to provide a novel tool for carrying out more ecofriendly organic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Pillari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (A.R.A.); (G.d.G.); Tel.: +39-011-6707934 (V.P.); +34-913941821 (A.R.A.); +34-955420802 (G.d.G.)
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (A.R.A.); (G.d.G.); Tel.: +39-011-6707934 (V.P.); +34-913941821 (A.R.A.); +34-955420802 (G.d.G.)
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Seville, c/ Profesor García González 1, 41014 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (A.R.A.); (G.d.G.); Tel.: +39-011-6707934 (V.P.); +34-913941821 (A.R.A.); +34-955420802 (G.d.G.)
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4
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Xu W, Gong X, Odilov A, Hu T, Jiang X, Zhu F, Guo S, Jiang D, Wu M, Shen J. Scalable Process for Making 5,7-Dichlorotetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxylic Acid Using Methylene as the Protecting Group. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Gong
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdullajon Odilov
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Zhu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehui Jiang
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Bozzini LA, Santos TD, Murie VE, de Mello MBM, Vessecchi R, Clososki GC. Regioselective Functionalization of Ester-, Amide-, Carbonate-, and Carbamate-Substituted 2-Phenyl-2-oxazolines with Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Amides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1204-1215. [PMID: 33296214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared novel highly functionalized benzene derivatives by regioselective metalation of ester-, amide-, carbamate-, and carbonate-substituted 2-phenyl-2-oxazolines with mixed lithium-magnesium amides followed by reaction with different electrophiles. While a complementary metalation site can be accessed by using different bases, steric and electronic effects promoted by the aromatic ring substituents also play an important role in reaction regioselectivity. Computational calculations of the aromatic hydrogen pKa values have helped us to rationalize the metalation preference by the complex-induced proximity effect concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Bozzini
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Valter E Murie
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Murilo B M de Mello
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vessecchi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14090-901, Brazil
| | - Giuliano C Clososki
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-903, Brazil
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6
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Chaheine CM, Gladen PT, Abbasov ME, Romo D. Enantioselective, Organocatalytic Strategy for the Oxazolomycin Core: Formal Synthesis of (+)-Neooxazolomycin. Org Lett 2020; 22:9282-9286. [PMID: 33226820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise, organocatalytic, enantioselective route to the γ-lactam core of the oxazolomycins was developed. Key steps include a Lewis base-catalyzed, Michael proton transfer-lactamization organocascade, a one-pot N-methylation and diastereoselective α-alkylation, a diastereotopic group-selective reduction, a substrate-directed allylic hydroxylation, and a lanthanide-mediated organolithium addition to append the side chain. A formal synthesis of (+)-neooxazolomycin via interception of a Kende intermediate, accessed in 10 steps (previously 24 steps from α-d-glucose), enabled confirmation of the relative and absolute stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Chaheine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Avenue, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United States
| | - Paul T Gladen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Avenue, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United States
| | - Mikail E Abbasov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Avenue, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Avenue, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United States
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7
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Rauch F, Endres P, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Hähnel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Ji L, Marder TB. An Iterative Divergent Approach to Conjugated Starburst Borane Dendrimers. Chemistry 2020; 26:12951-12963. [PMID: 32428359 PMCID: PMC7590090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a new divergent approach, conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps: 1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C-H borylation; 2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF2 ] or [N(nBu4 )][HF2 ]; and 3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents. The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators. Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. However, the conjugation does not increase further upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane subunits, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Endres
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Hähnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youryi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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8
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Chain‐growth polycondensation via the substituent effect: Investigation in to the role of initiator and base on the synthesis of poly(
N
‐octyl benzamide). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Szymkuć S, Gajewska EP, Molga K, Wołos A, Roszak R, Beker W, Moskal M, Dittwald P, Grzybowski BA. Computer-generated "synthetic contingency" plans at times of logistics and supply problems: scenarios for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6736-6744. [PMID: 33033595 PMCID: PMC7500088 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A computer program for retrosynthetic planning helps develop multiple "synthetic contingency" plans for hydroxychloroquine and also routes leading to remdesivir, both promising but yet unproven medications against COVID-19. These plans are designed to navigate, as much as possible, around known and patented routes and to commence from inexpensive and diverse starting materials, so as to ensure supply in case of anticipated market shortages of commonly used substrates. Looking beyond the current COVID-19 pandemic, development of similar contingency syntheses is advocated for other already-approved medications, in case such medications become urgently needed in mass quantities to face other public-health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Szymkuć
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Ewa P Gajewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Karol Molga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Agnieszka Wołos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Rafał Roszak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Wiktor Beker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Martyna Moskal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Piotr Dittwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 02-224 , Poland .
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter , 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan , 689-798 , South Korea
- Department of Chemistry , UNIST , 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan , 689-798 , South Korea
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10
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Nguyen TTT, Guyon H, Nguyen KPP, Boussonnière A, Mortier J, Castanet AS. Chiral Ligand-Mediated Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Naphthoic Acids: A Fast and Efficient Access to Axially Chiral Biaryls. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Thuy Nguyen
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM); UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université; Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans France
| | - Hélène Guyon
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM); UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université; Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans France
| | - Kim Phi Phung Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Science; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City; 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5 748355 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Anne Boussonnière
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM); UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université; Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans France
| | - Jacques Mortier
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM); UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université; Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans France
| | - Anne-Sophie Castanet
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM); UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université; Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans France
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11
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Evans R. The interpretation of small molecule diffusion coefficients: Quantitative use of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 117:33-69. [PMID: 32471534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring accurate molecular self-diffusion coefficients, D, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques has become routine as hardware, software and experimental methodologies have all improved. However, the quantitative interpretation of such data remains difficult, particularly for small molecules. This review article first provides a description of, and explanation for, the failure of the Stokes-Einstein equation to accurately predict small molecule diffusion coefficients, before moving on to three broadly complementary methods for their quantitative interpretation. Two are based on power laws, but differ in the nature of the reference molecules used. The third addresses the uncertainties in the Stokes-Einstein equation directly. For all three methods, a wide range of examples are used to show the range of chemistry to which diffusion NMR can be applied, and how best to implement the different methods to obtain quantitative information from the chemical systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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12
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Saied T, Demangeat C, Panossian A, Leroux FR, Fort Y, Comoy C. Transition‐Metal‐Free Heterobiaryl Synthesis via Aryne Coupling. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Saied
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, L2CM UMR7053 B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre‐lès‐Nancy France
| | - Catherine Demangeat
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, L2CM UMR7053 B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre‐lès‐Nancy France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Haute‐Alsace Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Frédéric R. Leroux
- Université de Haute‐Alsace Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yves Fort
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, L2CM UMR7053 B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre‐lès‐Nancy France
| | - Corinne Comoy
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, L2CM UMR7053 B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre‐lès‐Nancy France
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13
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Perna FM, Falcicchio A, Salomone A, Milet A, Rizzi R, Hamdoun G, Barozzino‐Consiglio G, Stalke D, Oulyadi H, Capriati V. First Direct Evidence of an
ortho
‐Lithiated Aryloxetane: Solid and Solution Structure, and Dynamics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Aurelia Falcicchio
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC‐CNR) Via Amendola 122/o 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento Prov.le Lecce‐Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Anne Milet
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, DCM 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC‐CNR) Via Amendola 122/o 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) Rouen France
| | | | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) Rouen France
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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14
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Wisniewski SR, Carrasquillo-Flores R, Lora Gonzalez F, Ramirez A, Casey M, Soumeillant M, Razler TM, Mack B. Adventures in Atropisomerism: Development of a Robust, Diastereoselective, Lithium-Catalyzed Atropisomer-Forming Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Step. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Wisniewski
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Ronald Carrasquillo-Flores
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Federico Lora Gonzalez
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Matthew Casey
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Maxime Soumeillant
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Thomas M. Razler
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Brendan Mack
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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15
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Fernández J, Chicharro J, Bueno JM, Lorenzo M. Isoxazole mediated synthesis of 4-(1H)pyridones: improved preparation of antimalarial candidate GSK932121. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10190-2. [PMID: 27469938 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05277k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesis of the antimalarial clinical candidate GSK932121 is described. This approach has two key reactions, the selective acylation of an unprotected 3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl isoxazole and the reductive N-O bond cleavage of the previously functionalized isoxazole derivative, to give the 4-(1H)pyridone ring present in the final structure. The complete synthesis consists of 5 steps (versus 10 steps in previously published reports) and has enabled the preparation of the material in kilogram scale to support clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Fernández
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, C/Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Chicharro
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, C/Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Bueno
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, C/Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Milagros Lorenzo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, C/Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Bozzini LA, Batista JH, de Mello MB, Vessecchi R, Clososki GC. Selective functionalization of cyano-phenyl-2-oxazolines using TMPMgCl·LiCl. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Lithium naphthalenides in non-polar or in low-polarity media: some insights regarding their use as initiators in anionic polymerizations. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Reyes-Rodríguez GJ, Algera RF, Collum DB. Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide-Mediated Enolization of Acylated Oxazolidinones: Solvent, Cosolvent, and Isotope Effects on Competing Monomer- and Dimer-Based Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1233-1244. [PMID: 28080036 PMCID: PMC6059651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS)-mediated enolization of (+)-4-benzyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone in THF-hydrocarbon mixtures shows unusual sensitivity to the choice of hydrocarbon cosolvent (hexane versus toluene) and to isotopic labeling. Four mechanisms corresponding to monosolvated monomers, trisolvated dimers, octasolvated monomers, and octasolvated dimers were identified. Even under conditions in which the LiHMDS monomer was the dominant observable form, dimer-based metalation was significant. The mechanism-dependent isotope and cosolvent effects are discussed in the context of ground-state stabilization and transition-state tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Reyes-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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19
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Monticelli S, Castoldi L, Murgia I, Senatore R, Mazzeo E, Wackerlig J, Urban E, Langer T, Pace V. Recent advancements on the use of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran in organometallic chemistry. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 148:37-48. [PMID: 28127090 PMCID: PMC5225237 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since the introduction of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as an useful alternative to the classical tetrahydrofuran, there has been a continuous interest in the synthetic community operating at academic and industrial towards it. In particular, the much higher stability that basic organometallic reagents display in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran makes it suitable for processes involving such sensitive species including asymmetric transformations. The easy formation of an azeotropic mixture with water, the substantial immiscibility with water, and the fact it derives from natural sources (corncobs or bagasse), allow to consider it in agreement with the Anastas' Geen Chemistry principles. In this minireview, selected examples of its employment in organometallic transformations ranging from carbanions to radical and transition metal-catalyzed processes are provided. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugenia Mazzeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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García-Álvarez J, Hevia E, Capriati V. Reactivity of Polar Organometallic Compounds in Unconventional Reaction Media: Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Batista JHC, dos Santos FM, Bozzini LA, Vessecchi R, Oliveira ARM, Clososki GC. Directed Functionalization of Halophenyl-2-oxazolines with TMPMgCl·LiCl. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Rathman T‘L, Schwindeman JA. Preparation, Properties, and Safe Handling of Commercial Organolithiums: Alkyllithiums, Lithium sec-Organoamides, and Lithium Alkoxides. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry ‘Li’ Rathman
- t-Links Consulting, 3843 Gardner Park Drive, Gastonia, North Carolina 28054, United States
| | - James A. Schwindeman
- Rohner Inc., 4066 Belle
Meade Circle, Belmont, North
Carolina 28012, United States
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23
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Han YH, Zhou T, Sui Y, Hua R. Multikilogram Scale Organolithiation Chemistry for the Manufacture of Liquid Crystal Intermediates. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500133p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hua Han
- Hebei Engineering & Technology Center for FPD Materials, Chengzhi Yonghua Display Materials Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Hebei Engineering & Technology Center for FPD Materials, Chengzhi Yonghua Display Materials Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Yan Sui
- Hebei Engineering & Technology Center for FPD Materials, Chengzhi Yonghua Display Materials Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Hebei Engineering & Technology Center for FPD Materials, Chengzhi Yonghua Display Materials Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050091, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Mallardo V, Rizzi R, Sassone FC, Mansueto R, Perna FM, Salomone A, Capriati V. Regioselective desymmetrization of diaryltetrahydrofurans via directed ortho-lithiation: an unexpected help from green chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8655-8. [PMID: 24968025 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient functionalization of diaryltetrahydrofurans via a regioselective THF-directed ortho-lithiation is first described. This reaction can be successfully carried out in cyclopentyl methyl ether as a "greener" alternative to Et2O, with better results in terms of yield and selectivity and, surprisingly, also in protic eutectic mixtures competitively with protonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, I-70125, Italy.
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25
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Capriati V, Perna FM, Salomone A. “The Great Beauty” of organolithium chemistry: a land still worth exploring. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14204-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Frontier highlights and analyses, from the authors’ perspective, some recent selected contributions from the organolithium field with an eye towards new challenging research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Bari, Italy
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26
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Ma Y, Stivala CE, Wright AM, Hayton T, Liang J, Keresztes I, Lobkovsky E, Collum DB, Zakarian A. Enediolate-dilithium amide mixed aggregates in the enantioselective alkylation of arylacetic acids: structural studies and a stereochemical model. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16853-64. [PMID: 23654300 PMCID: PMC3818356 DOI: 10.1021/ja403076u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combination of X-ray crystallography, (6)Li, (15)N, and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and density functional theory computations affords insight into the structures and reactivities of intervening aggregates underlying highly selective asymmetric alkylations of carboxylic acid dianions (enediolates) mediated by the dilithium salt of a C2-symmetric chiral tetraamine. Crystallography shows a trilithiated n-butyllithium-dilithiated amide that has dimerized to a hexalithiated form. Spectroscopic studies implicate the non-dimerized trilithiated mixed aggregate. Reaction of the dilithiated amide with the dilithium enediolate derived from phenylacetic acid affords a tetralithio aggregate comprised of the two dianions in solution and the dimerized octalithio form in the solid state. Computational studies shed light on the details of the solution structures and afford a highly predictive stereochemical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, Telephone: (607)-255-4879; Fax: (850)-644-8281
| | - Craig E. Stivala
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; Telephone: (805)-893-3717; Fax: (805)-893-4120
| | - Ashley M. Wright
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; Telephone: (805)-893-3717; Fax: (805)-893-4120
| | - Trevor Hayton
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; Telephone: (805)-893-3717; Fax: (805)-893-4120
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, Telephone: (607)-255-4879; Fax: (850)-644-8281
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, Telephone: (607)-255-4879; Fax: (850)-644-8281
| | - Emil Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, Telephone: (607)-255-4879; Fax: (850)-644-8281
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, Telephone: (607)-255-4879; Fax: (850)-644-8281
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; Telephone: (805)-893-3717; Fax: (805)-893-4120
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27
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Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Ramsay DL, Robertson SD. Concealed Cyclotrimeric Polymorph of Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide Unconcealed: X-Ray Crystallographic and NMR Spectroscopic Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:14069-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Pace V, Holzer W, Verniest G, Alcántara AR, De Kimpe N. Chemoselective Synthesis ofN-Substituted α-Amino-α′-chloro KetonesviaChloromethylation of Glycine-Derived Weinreb Amides. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Casimiro M, Oña-Burgos P, Meyer J, Styra S, Kuzu I, Breher F, Fernández I. On the Solution Behaviour of Benzyllithium⋅(−)-Sparteine Adducts and Related Lithium Organyls - A Case Study on Applying7Li,15N{1H} HMQC and Further NMR Methods, Including Some Investigation into Asymmetric Synthesis. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Yañez Rodríguez V, del Águila MÁ, Iglesias MJ, López Ortiz F. Directed ortho-lithiation of unprotected diphenylphosphinic acids. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Pace V, Hoyos P, Castoldi L, Domínguez de María P, Alcántara AR. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF): a biomass-derived solvent with broad application in organic chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1369-79. [PMID: 22887922 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
2-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) can be derived from renewable resources (e.g., furfural or levulinic acid) and is a promising alternative solvent in the search for environmentally benign synthesis strategies. Its physical and chemical properties, such as its low miscibility with water, boiling point, remarkable stability compared to other cyclic-based solvents such as THF, and others make it appealing for applications in syntheses involving organometallics, organocatalysis, and biotransformations or for processing lignocellulosic materials. Interestingly, a significant number of industries have also started to assess 2-MeTHF in several synthetic procedures, often with excellent results and prospects. Likewise, preliminary toxicology assessments suggest that the use of 2-MeTHF might even be extended to more processes in pharmaceutical chemistry. This Minireview describes the properties of 2-MeTHF, the state-of-the-art of its use in synthesis, and covers several outstanding examples of its application from both industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Complutense University, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Baillie SE, Clegg W, Garcı́a-Álvarez P, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Russo L. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, and Diffusion-Ordered NMR Studies of Homoleptic Alkyllithium Magnesiates: Donor-Controlled Structural Variations in Mixed-Metal Chemistry. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300477m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Baillie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. NE1
7RU
| | - Pablo Garcı́a-Álvarez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e
Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. NE1
7RU
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33
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Clegg W, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Mulvey RE, Russo L. Adding Rubidium and Cesium to the Homologous Series of Alkali Metal Compounds of (Trimethylsilyl)methanides and 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐5484787
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐5484787
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐5484787
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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34
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Kockmann N. Sicherheitsaspekte bei der Prozessentwicklung und Kleinmengenproduktion mit Mikroreaktoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2722-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Mesquida N, López-Pérez S, Dinarès I, Alcalde E. Synthetic approaches to multifunctional indenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 7:1739-44. [PMID: 22238553 PMCID: PMC3252879 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of multifunctional indenes with at least two different functional groups has not yet been extensively explored. Among the plausible synthetic routes to 3,5-disubstituted indenes bearing two different functional groups, such as the [3-(aminoethyl)inden-5-yl)]amines, a reasonable pathway involves the (5-nitro-3-indenyl)acetamides as key intermediates. Although several multistep synthetic approaches can be applied to obtain these advanced intermediates, we describe herein their preparation by an aldol-type reaction between 5-nitroindan-1-ones and the lithium salt of N,N-disubstituted acetamides, followed immediately by dehydration with acid. This classical condensation process, which is neither simple nor trivial despite its apparent directness, permits an efficient entry to a variety of indene-based molecular modules, which could be adapted to a range of functionalized indanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Mesquida
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Departament de Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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el Hajjouji H, Belmonte E, García-López J, Fernández I, Iglesias MJ, Roces L, García-Granda S, El Laghdach A, López Ortiz F. Transformations of diphenylphosphinothioic acid tertiary amides mediated by directed ortho metallation. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5647-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Pace V. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran: A Versatile Eco-Friendly Alternative to THF in Organometallic Chemistry. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Smith K, A. El-Hiti G, Fekri A, B. Alshammari M. Side-Chain Lithiation of 2- and 4-Substituted Pyridines: Synthesis of More Complex Substituted Pyridines. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Lumpi D, Wagner C, Schöpf M, Horkel E, Ramer G, Lendl B, Fröhlich J. Fibre optic ATR-IR spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures: in-line reaction monitoring on organolithium compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2451-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Armstrong DR, Clegg W, García-Álvarez P, Kennedy AR, McCall MD, Russo L, Hevia E. Expanding Mg-Zn Hybrid Chemistry: Inorganic Salt Effects in Addition Reactions of Organozinc Reagents to Trifluoroacetophenone and the Implications for a Synergistic Lithium-Magnesium-Zinc Activation. Chemistry 2011; 17:8333-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Clegg W, Conway B, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Mulvey RE, Russo L. Synthesis and Structures of [(Trimethylsilyl)methyl]sodium and ‐potassium with Bi‐ and Tridentate N‐Donor Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ben Conway
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K, Fax: +44‐141‐548 4787
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K, Fax: +44‐141‐548 4787
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K, Fax: +44‐141‐548 4787
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K, Fax: +44‐141‐548 4787
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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Stern D, Finkelmeier N, Stalke D. Assessment of the LiX salt-effect in anthracenyl lithiums. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2113-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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de Ceglie MC, Musio B, Affortunato F, Moliterni A, Altomare A, Florio S, Luisi R. Solvent- and Temperature-Dependent Functionalisation of Enantioenriched Aziridines. Chemistry 2010; 17:286-96. [PMID: 21207624 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina de Ceglie
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari A. Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 70125 Bari, Italy
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Stern D, Finkelmeier N, Meindl K, Henn J, Stalke D. Consecutive donor-base exchange in anthracenyllithium compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6869-72. [PMID: 20677300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Lecachey B, Oulyadi H, Lameiras P, Harrison-Marchand A, Gérard H, Maddaluno J. MeLi + LiCl in THF: One Heterodimer and No Tetramers. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5976-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101282m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lecachey
- CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen and INSA de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen and INSA de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Pedro Lameiras
- CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen and INSA de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen and INSA de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Gérard
- UPMC Univ Paris 6 and CNRS, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen and INSA de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France
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48
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Stern D, Finkelmeier N, Meindl K, Henn J, Stalke D. Schrittweiser Donorbasenaustausch in Anthracenyllithiumverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Bailey WF, Luderer MR, Uccello DP, Bartelson AL. Effect of Solvent and Temperature on the Lithium−Bromine Exchange of Vinyl Bromides: Reactions of n-Butyllithium and t-Butyllithium with (E)-5-Bromo-5-decene. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2661-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100303q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - Mark R. Luderer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - Daniel P. Uccello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - Ashley L. Bartelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
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50
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Harsh Reaction Conditions in Continuous-Flow Microreactors for Pharmaceutical Production. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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