1
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Stern D, Dettmann P, Dorner BG, Mages HW. Protein G affinity chromatography is an underrated but very potent purification method for a broad range of species-independent and tag-less Fab-fragments. J Immunol Methods 2024; 529:113669. [PMID: 38582259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Because of their superior properties for certain biological applications small antibody derivatives like fragment of antigen binding (Fab) have found widespread use in basic research and as therapeutics. However, generation of Fab-fragments is still a rather complex matter, reflected by the fact that a variety of methods and purification techniques are necessary for the production of all the different classes of Fab-fragments (kappa/lambda light chains, type of species). Here we demonstrate that Fab-fragments derived from six different antibodies of human or murine origin produced by transient expression in HEK cells can be purified in a single step to a high degree of purity by standard protein G affinity chromatography. This is most likely due to alternative contact sites for protein G located in the CH1 domain of the Fab heavy chain. Our data demonstrate that protein G affinity chromatography as for whole antibodies is a robust method for the purification of tag-less Fab-fragments independent of species, significantly simplifying the process of Fab-fragment purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Paulin Dettmann
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany.
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2
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Zemella A, Beer K, Ramm F, Wenzel D, Düx A, Merkel K, Calvignac-Spencer S, Stern D, Dorner MB, Dorner BG, Widulin N, Schnalke T, Walter C, Wolbert A, Schmid BG, Mankertz A, Santibanez S. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies bind to the H protein of a historical measles virus. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151607. [PMID: 38367508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious airborne viral disease. It can lead to serious complications and death and is preventable by vaccination. The live-attenuated measles vaccine (LAMV) derived from a measles virus (MV) isolated in 1954 has been in use globally for six decades and protects effectively by providing a durable humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Our study addresses the temporal stability of epitopes on the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (H) which is the major target of MV-neutralizing antibodies. We investigated the binding of seven vaccine-induced MV-H-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cell-free synthesized MV-H proteins derived from the H gene sequences obtained from a lung specimen of a fatal case of measles pneumonia in 1912 and an isolate from a current case. The binding of four out of seven mAbs to the H protein of both MV strains provides evidence of epitopes that are stable for more than 100 years. The binding of the universally neutralizing mAbs RKI-MV-12b and RKI-MV-34c to the H protein of the 1912 MV suggests the long-term stability of highly conserved epitopes on the MV surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerstin Beer
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Ramm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dana Wenzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ariane Düx
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Merkel
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelia Walter
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Wolbert
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Schmid
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Santibanez
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Stern D, Meyer TC, Treindl F, Mages HW, Krüger M, Skiba M, Krüger JP, Zobel CM, Schreiner M, Grossegesse M, Rinner T, Peine C, Stoliaroff-Pépin A, Harder T, Hofmann N, Michel J, Nitsche A, Stahlberg S, Kneuer A, Sandoni A, Kubisch U, Schlaud M, Mankertz A, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, de la Rosa K, Schaade L, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21846. [PMID: 38071261 PMCID: PMC10710470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are key to describe the epidemiology, pathobiology or induction of immunity after infection or vaccination. Of those, multiplex assays targeting multiple antigens are especially helpful as closely related coronaviruses or other antigens can be analysed simultaneously from small sample volumes, hereby shedding light on patterns in the immune response that would otherwise remain undetected. We established a bead-based 17-plex assay detecting antibodies targeting antigens from all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV strains 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63. The assay was validated against five commercial serological immunoassays, a commercial surrogate virus neutralisation test, and a virus neutralisation assay, all targeting SARS-CoV-2. It was found to be highly versatile as shown by antibody detection from both serum and dried blot spots and as shown in three case studies. First, we followed seroconversion for all four endemic HCoV strains and SARS-CoV-2 in an outbreak study in day-care centres for children. Second, we were able to link a more severe clinical course to a stronger IgG response with this 17-plex-assay, which was IgG1 and IgG3 dominated. Finally, our assay was able to discriminate recent from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections by calculating the IgG/IgM ratio on the N antigen targeting antibodies. In conclusion, due to the comprehensive method comparison, thorough validation, and the proven versatility, our multiplex assay is a valuable tool for studies on coronavirus serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja C Meyer
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Krüger
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Krüger
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M Zobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinner
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Peine
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stoliaroff-Pépin
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Stahlberg
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Kneuer
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sandoni
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kubisch
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaud
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients (FG 12), Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Freie Universität Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Grossegesse M, Stern D, Hofmann N, Surtees R, Kohl C, Michel J, Nitsche A. Serological methods for the detection of antibodies against monkeypox virus applicable for laboratories with different biosafety levels. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29261. [PMID: 38054557 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 has renewed interest in the detection of antibodies against orthopox viruses (OPXV) and MPXV, as serological methods can aid diagnostics and are key to epidemiological studies. Here three complementary serological methods are described with different strengths to aid the development and evaluation of in-house assays: An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for specific detection of IgG and IgM, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for higher sample throughput to aid epidemiological studies and a neutralization test to detect virus neutralizing antibodies. As implementation of MPXV-specific diagnostics is often hampered by the requirement for a dedicated biosafety level 3 laboratory (BSL-3), the focus of this study is on biosafety aspects to facilitate safe testing also under BSL-2 conditions. To this aim, it was analyzed whether OPXV, which can be handled under BSL-2 conditions, could be used as less virulent alternatives to MPXV. Furthermore, an inactivation method was established to remove up to five log-steps of infectious virus particles from viraemic sera without compromising antibody detection. The results show that immunological cross-reactivity between OPXV provides an opportunity for the interchangeable usage of different OPXV species in serological assays, enabling MPXV serology outside of BSL-3 facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Grossegesse
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Surtees
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kohl
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
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5
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Kool EC, Johansson J, Sollerman J, Moldón J, Moriya TJ, Mattila S, Schulze S, Chomiuk L, Pérez-Torres M, Harris C, Lundqvist P, Graham M, Yang S, Perley DA, Strotjohann NL, Fremling C, Gal-Yam A, Lezmy J, Maguire K, Omand C, Smith M, Andreoni I, Bellm EC, Bloom JS, De K, Groom SL, Kasliwal MM, Masci FJ, Medford MS, Park S, Purdum J, Reynolds TM, Riddle R, Robert E, Ryder SD, Sharma Y, Stern D. A radio-detected type Ia supernova with helium-rich circumstellar material. Nature 2023; 617:477-482. [PMID: 37198310 PMCID: PMC10191849 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of degenerate white dwarf stars destabilized by mass accretion from a companion star1, but the nature of their progenitors remains poorly understood. A way to discriminate between progenitor systems is through radio observations; a non-degenerate companion star is expected to lose material through winds2 or binary interaction3 before explosion, and the supernova ejecta crashing into this nearby circumstellar material should result in radio synchrotron emission. However, despite extensive efforts, no type Ia supernova (SN Ia) has ever been detected at radio wavelengths, which suggests a clean environment and a companion star that is itself a degenerate white dwarf star4,5. Here we report on the study of SN 2020eyj, a SN Ia showing helium-rich circumstellar material, as demonstrated by its spectral features, infrared emission and, for the first time in a SN Ia to our knowledge, a radio counterpart. On the basis of our modelling, we conclude that the circumstellar material probably originates from a single-degenerate binary system in which a white dwarf accretes material from a helium donor star, an often proposed formation channel for SNe Ia (refs. 6,7). We describe how comprehensive radio follow-up of SN 2020eyj-like SNe Ia can improve the constraints on their progenitor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Kool
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joel Johansson
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Sollerman
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Moldón
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Takashi J Moriya
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Mitaka, Japan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seppo Mattila
- Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Steve Schulze
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Chomiuk
- Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Pérez-Torres
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chelsea Harris
- Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peter Lundqvist
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Yang
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daniel A Perley
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nora Linn Strotjohann
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoffer Fremling
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Avishay Gal-Yam
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeremy Lezmy
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kate Maguire
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Omand
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathew Smith
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Igor Andreoni
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Eric C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua S Bloom
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kishalay De
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven L Groom
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mansi M Kasliwal
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Frank J Masci
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Medford
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sungmin Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Josiah Purdum
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Reynolds
- The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reed Riddle
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Estelle Robert
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stuart D Ryder
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Astrophotonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yashvi Sharma
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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6
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Stoliaroff-Pepin A, Peine C, Herath T, Lachmann J, Perriat D, Dörre A, Nitsche A, Michel J, Grossegesse M, Hofmann N, Rinner T, Kohl C, Brinkmann A, Meyer T, Dorner BG, Stern D, Treindl F, Hein S, Werel L, Hildt E, Gläser S, Schühlen H, Isner C, Peric A, Ghouzi A, Reichardt A, Janneck M, Lock G, Schaade L, Wichmann O, Harder T. Effectiveness of vaccines in preventing hospitalization due to COVID-19: A multicenter hospital-based case-control study, Germany, June 2021 to January 2022. Vaccine 2023; 41:290-293. [PMID: 36509640 PMCID: PMC9715487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We included 852 patients in a prospectively recruiting multicenter matched case-control study in Germany to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization during the Delta-variant dominance. The two-dose VE was 89 % (95 % CI 84-93 %) overall, 79 % in patients with more than two comorbidities and 77 % in adults aged 60-75 years. A third dose increased the VE to more than 93 % in all patient-subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stoliaroff-Pepin
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany.
| | - Caroline Peine
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany.
| | - Tim Herath
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Johannes Lachmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Delphine Perriat
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Achim Dörre
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Marica Grossegesse
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinner
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Claudia Kohl
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Annika Brinkmann
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS1 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Tanja Meyer
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS3 Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS3 Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS3 Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, ZBS3 Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Sascha Hein
- Division Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Germany
| | - Laura Werel
- Division Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Germany
| | | | - Sven Gläser
- Klinik für Innere Medizin - Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln und Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schühlen
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, Direktorat Klinische Forschung & Akademische Lehre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Isner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin - Infektiologie, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Rubensstr. 125, 12157 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Peric
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ammar Ghouzi
- Schön Klinik Düsseldorf, Interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme, Am Heerdter Krankenhaus 2, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Reichardt
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Janneck
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Sektion Nephrologie, Albertinen Krankenhaus, Süntelstraße 11a, 22457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guntram Lock
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Albertinen Krankenhaus, Süntelstraße 11a, 22457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Germany
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7
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Niu CH, Aggarwal K, Li D, Zhang X, Chatterjee S, Tsai CW, Yu W, Law CJ, Burke-Spolaor S, Cordes JM, Zhang YK, Ocker SK, Yao JM, Wang P, Feng Y, Niino Y, Bochenek C, Cruces M, Connor L, Jiang JA, Dai S, Luo R, Li GD, Miao CC, Niu JR, Anna-Thomas R, Sydnor J, Stern D, Wang WY, Yuan M, Yue YL, Zhou DJ, Yan Z, Zhu WW, Zhang B. A repeating fast radio burst associated with a persistent radio source. Nature 2022; 606:873-877. [PMID: 35676486 PMCID: PMC9242862 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dispersive sweep of fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been used to probe the ionized baryon content of the intergalactic medium1, which is assumed to dominate the total extragalactic dispersion. Although the host-galaxy contributions to the dispersion measure appear to be small for most FRBs2, in at least one case there is evidence for an extreme magneto-ionic local environment3,4 and a compact persistent radio source5. Here we report the detection and localization of the repeating FRB 20190520B, which is co-located with a compact, persistent radio source and associated with a dwarf host galaxy of high specific-star-formation rate at a redshift of 0.241 ± 0.001. The estimated host-galaxy dispersion measure of approximately [Formula: see text] parsecs per cubic centimetre, which is nearly an order of magnitude higher than the average of FRB host galaxies2,6, far exceeds the dispersion-measure contribution of the intergalactic medium. Caution is thus warranted in inferring redshifts for FRBs without accurate host-galaxy identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Niu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K Aggarwal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D Li
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.
| | - X Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - S Chatterjee
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - C-W Tsai
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - C J Law
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Big Pine, CA, USA.
| | - S Burke-Spolaor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Cordes
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Y-K Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S K Ocker
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J-M Yao
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - P Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Feng
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Niino
- Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Bochenek
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Cruces
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Connor
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J-A Jiang
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S Dai
- CSIRO Space and Astronomy, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith South DC, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Luo
- CSIRO Space and Astronomy, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G-D Li
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C-C Miao
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J-R Niu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Anna-Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J Sydnor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - W-Y Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Yuan
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y-L Yue
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D-J Zhou
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yan
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - W-W Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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8
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Wamp S, Rothe P, Stern D, Holland G, Döhling J, Halbedel S. MurA escape mutations uncouple peptidoglycan biosynthesis from PrkA signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010406. [PMID: 35294506 PMCID: PMC8959180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are protected by a thick mesh of peptidoglycan (PG) completely engulfing their cells. This PG network is the main component of the bacterial cell wall, it provides rigidity and acts as foundation for the attachment of other surface molecules. Biosynthesis of PG consumes a high amount of cellular resources and therefore requires careful adjustments to environmental conditions. An important switch in the control of PG biosynthesis of Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive pathogen with a high infection fatality rate, is the serine/threonine protein kinase PrkA. A key substrate of this kinase is the small cytosolic protein ReoM. We have shown previously that ReoM phosphorylation regulates PG formation through control of MurA stability. MurA catalyzes the first step in PG biosynthesis and the current model suggests that phosphorylated ReoM prevents MurA degradation by the ClpCP protease. In contrast, conditions leading to ReoM dephosphorylation stimulate MurA degradation. How ReoM controls degradation of MurA and potential other substrates is not understood. Also, the individual contribution of the ~20 other known PrkA targets to PG biosynthesis regulation is unknown. We here present murA mutants which escape proteolytic degradation. The release of MurA from ClpCP-dependent proteolysis was able to activate PG biosynthesis and further enhanced the intrinsic cephalosporin resistance of L. monocytogenes. This latter effect required the RodA3/PBP B3 transglycosylase/transpeptidase pair. One murA escape mutation not only fully rescued an otherwise non-viable prkA mutant during growth in batch culture and inside macrophages but also overcompensated cephalosporin hypersensitivity. Our data collectively indicate that the main purpose of PrkA-mediated signaling in L. monocytogenes is control of MurA stability during standard laboratory growth conditions and intracellular growth in macrophages. These findings have important implications for the understanding of PG biosynthesis regulation and β-lactam resistance of L. monocytogenes and related Gram-positive bacteria. Peptidoglycan (PG) is the main component of the bacterial cell wall and many of the PG synthesizing enzymes are antibiotic targets. We previously have discovered a new signaling route controlling PG production in the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This route also determines the intrinsic resistance of L. monocytogenes against cephalosporins, a group of β-lactam antibiotics. Signaling involves PrkA, a membrane-embedded protein kinase, that is activated during cell wall stress to phosphorylate its target ReoM. Depending on its phosphorylation, ReoM activates or inactivates PG production by controlling the proteolytic stability of MurA, which catalyzes the first step in PG biosynthesis. MurA degradation depends on the ClpCP protease and we here have isolated murA mutations that escape this degradation. Using these mutants, we could show that regulation of PG biosynthesis through control of MurA stability is an important purpose of PrkA-mediated signaling in L. monocytogenes. Further experiments identified the transglycosylase RodA and the transpeptidase PBP B3 as additional downstream factors. Our results suggest that both proteins act together to translate the signals received by PrkA into adjustment of PG biosynthesis. These findings shed new light on the regulation of PG biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria with intrinsic β-lactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wamp
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Patricia Rothe
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- ZBS3 - Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Holland
- ZBS4 - Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Döhling
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ruppin F, Adam R, Ade P, Ajeddig H, André P, Artis E, Aussel H, Beelen A, Benoît A, Berta S, Bing L, Bourrion O, Brodwin M, Calvo M, Catalano A, Decker B, De Petris M, Désert FX, Doyle S, Driessen EFC, Eisenhardt PRM, Gomez A, Gonzalez AH, Goupy J, Kéruzoré F, Kramer C, Ladjelate B, Lagache G, Leclercq S, Lestrade JF, Macías-Pérez JF, Maury A, Mauskopf P, Mayet F, McDonald M, Monfardini A, Moravec E, Muñoz-Echeverría M, Perotto L, Pisano G, Ponthieu N, Revéret V, Rigby AJ, Ritacco A, Romero C, Roussel H, Schuster K, Shu S, Sievers A, Stanford S, Stern D, Tucker C, Zylka R. Mapping the intracluster medium temperature in the era of NIKA2 and MUSTANG-2. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202225700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present preliminary results from an on-going program that aims at mapping the intracluster medium (ICM) temperature of high redshift galaxy clusters from the MaDCoWS sample using a joint analysis of shallow X-ray data obtained by Chandra and high angular resolution Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) observations realized with the NIKA2 and MUSTANG-2 cameras. We also present preliminary results from an on-going Open Time program within the NIKA2 collaboration that aims at mapping the ICM temperature of a galaxy cluster at z = 0.45 from the resolved detection of the relativistic corrections to the SZ spectrum. These studies demonstrate how high angular resolution SZ observations will play a major role in the coming decade to push the investigation of ICM dynamics and non-gravitational processes to high redshift before the next generation X-ray observatories come into play.
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10
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Worbs S, Kampa B, Skiba M, Hansbauer EM, Stern D, Volland H, Becher F, Simon S, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. Differentiation, Quantification and Identification of Abrin and Abrus precatorius Agglutinin. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040284. [PMID: 33919561 PMCID: PMC8073929 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin, the toxic lectin from the rosary pea plant Abrus precatorius, has gained considerable interest in the recent past due to its potential malevolent use. However, reliable and easy-to-use assays for the detection and discrimination of abrin from related plant proteins such as Abrus precatorius agglutinin or the homologous toxin ricin from Ricinus communis are sparse. To address this gap, a panel of highly specific monoclonal antibodies was generated against abrin and the related Abrus precatorius agglutinin. These antibodies were used to establish two sandwich ELISAs to preferentially detect abrin or A. precatorius agglutinin (limit of detection 22 pg/mL for abrin; 35 pg/mL for A. precatorius agglutinin). Furthermore, an abrin-specific lateral flow assay was developed for rapid on-site detection (limit of detection ~1 ng/mL abrin). Assays were validated for complex food, environmental and clinical matrices illustrating broad applicability in different threat scenarios. Additionally, the antibodies turned out to be suitable for immuno-enrichment strategies in combination with mass spectrometry-based approaches for unambiguous identification. Finally, we were able to demonstrate for the first time how the developed assays can be applied to detect, identify and quantify abrin from a clinical sample derived from an attempted suicide case involving A. precatorius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Worbs
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Bettina Kampa
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Eva-Maria Hansbauer
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Hervé Volland
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - François Becher
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Martin B. Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Brigitte G. Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-18754-2500
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11
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Seifried J, Hoffmann A, Reda S, Böttcher S, Abu Sin M, Hofmann A, Noll I, von Laer A, Reuss A, Oh DY, Albrecht S, Stern D, Willrich N, Staat D, Zacher B, Schneider M, Feig M, Nitsche A, Rieck T, Rexroth U, Eckmanns T, Hamouda O. [Recording of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests in Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:403-411. [PMID: 33856510 PMCID: PMC8047561 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Die Erfassung von Daten zu SARS-CoV-2-Testungen in Deutschland sind für die Einschätzung des Infektionsgeschehens im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie von zentraler Bedeutung. Am Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) werden dazu die Daten aus verschiedenen Systemen zur Erfassung von Labortestungen zusammengeführt. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst bedeutsame Aspekte der Testverfahren erläutert. Nachfolgend werden die unterschiedlichen Systeme zur Erfassung von Labortestungen erläutert und Testzahlen aus der RKI-Testlaborabfrage und der laborbasierten Surveillance SARS-CoV‑2 sowie die Abrechnungsdaten der kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen zu SARS-CoV-2-Labortestungen dargestellt. Mit der RKI-Testlaborabfrage und der laborbasierten Surveillance SARS-CoV‑2 stand früh in der Pandemie eine Surveillance zur Verfügung, mit der unter den teilnehmenden Laboren Daten zu durchgeführten Testungen und Testkapazitäten ausgewertet werden können. Durch die Erfassung von positiven und negativen Testergebnissen sind Aussagen zur Gesamtzahl der durchgeführten Testungen sowie dem Anteil der positiven Testergebnisse möglich. Während die aggregierten Testzahlen bundesweit weitestgehend repräsentativ sind, ist die Repräsentativität auf Bundesland- und Landkreisebene aber nicht immer gegeben. Die Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen können die Labordaten im Nachhinein ergänzen. Sie erlauben eine retrospektive Einschätzung der Gesamtzahl von SARS-CoV-2-Tests in Deutschland, da die Leistungen der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung aller gesetzlich Krankenversicherten (ca. 85 % der Bevölkerung) enthalten sind. Die verschiedenen Systeme zur Erfassung von Labortestungen ergänzen sich gegenseitig. Die Auswertungen fließen in die Maßnahmenempfehlungen zur Pandemiebewältigung ein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Seifried
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sarah Reda
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sindy Böttcher
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Muna Abu Sin
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Alexandra Hofmann
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ines Noll
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Anja von Laer
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Annicka Reuss
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Djin-Ye Oh
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Albrecht
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Daniel Stern
- Zentrum für Biologische Gefahren und Spezielle Pathogene, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Niklas Willrich
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Doreen Staat
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Zacher
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Marc Schneider
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Marcel Feig
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Zentrum für Biologische Gefahren und Spezielle Pathogene, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Thorsten Rieck
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ute Rexroth
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Osamah Hamouda
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
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12
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Klein S, Stern D, Seeber F. Expression of in vivo biotinylated recombinant antigens SAG1 and SAG2A from Toxoplasma gondii for improved seroepidemiological bead-based multiplex assays. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 33023547 PMCID: PMC7542104 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few bead-based multiplex assays have been described that detect antibodies against the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in large-scale seroepidemiological surveys. Moreover, each multiplex assay has specific variations or limitations, such as the use of truncated or fusion proteins as antigens, potentially masking important epitopes. Consequently, such an assay must be developed by interested groups as none is commercially available. RESULTS We report the bacterial expression and use of N-terminal fusion-free, soluble, in vivo biotinylated recombinant surface antigens SAG1 and SAG2A for the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. The expression system relies on three compatible plasmids. An expression construct produces a fusion of maltose-binding protein with SAG1 (or SAG2A), separated by a TEV protease cleavage site, followed by a peptide sequence recognized by E. coli biotin ligase BirA (AviTag), and a terminal six histidine tag for affinity purification. TEV protease and BirA are encoded on a second plasmid, and their expression leads to proteolytic cleavage of the fusion protein and a single biotinylated lysine within the AviTag by BirA. Correct folding of the parasite proteins is dependent on proper disulfide bonding, which is facilitated by a sulfhydryl oxidase and a protein disulfide isomerase, encoded on the third plasmid. The C-terminal biotinylation allowed the oriented, reproducible coupling of the purified surface antigens to magnetic Luminex beads, requiring only minute amounts of protein per determination. We showed that an N-terminal fusion partner such as maltose-binding protein negatively influenced antibody binding, confirming that access to SAG1's N-terminal epitopes is important for antibody recognition. We validated our bead-based multiplex assay with human sera previously tested with commercial diagnostic assays and found concordance of 98-100% regarding both, sensitivity and specificity, even when only biotinylated SAG1 was used as antigen. CONCLUSIONS Our recombinant in vivo-biotinylated T. gondii antigens offer distinct advantages compared to previously described proteins used in multiplex serological assays for T. gondii. They offer a cheap, specific and sensitive alternative to either parasite lysates or eukaryotic-cell expressed SAG1/SAG2A for BBMA and other formats. The described general expression strategy can also be used for other antigens where oriented immobilization is key for sensitive recognition by antibodies and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Klein
- FG 16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- ZBS 3 - Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seeber
- FG 16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Surtees R, Stern D, Ahrens K, Kromarek N, Lander A, Kreher P, Weiss S, Hewson R, Punch EK, Barr JN, Witkowski PT, Couacy-Hymann E, Marzi A, Dorner BG, Kurth A. Development of a multiplex microsphere immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against highly pathogenic viruses in human and animal serum samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008699. [PMID: 33095766 PMCID: PMC7641473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of highly pathogenic viruses circulating in both human and animal populations is crucial to unveil endemic infections and potential zoonotic reservoirs. Monitoring the burden of disease by serological assay could be used as an early warning system for imminent outbreaks as an increased seroprevalance often precedes larger outbreaks. However, the multitude of highly pathogenic viruses necessitates the need to identify specific antibodies against several targets from both humans as well as from potential reservoir animals such as bats. In order to address this, we have developed a broadly reactive multiplex microsphere immunoassay (MMIA) for the detection of antibodies against several highly pathogenic viruses from both humans and animals. To this aim, nucleoproteins (NP) of Ebola virus (EBOV), Marburg virus (MARV) and nucleocapsid proteins (NP) of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Dobrava-Belgrade hantavirus were employed in a 5-plex assay for IgG detection. After optimisation, specific binding to each respective NP was shown by testing sera from humans and non-human primates with known infection status. The usefulness of our assay for serosurveillance was shown by determining the immune response against the NP antigens in a panel of 129 human serum samples collected in Guinea between 2011 and 2012 in comparison to a panel of 88 sera from the German blood bank. We found good agreement between our MMIA and commercial or in-house reference methods by ELISA or IIFT with statistically significant higher binding to both EBOV NP and MARV NP coupled microspheres in the Guinea panel. Finally, the MMIA was successfully adapted to detect antibodies from bats that had been inoculated with EBOV- and MARV- virus-like particles, highlighting the versatility of this technique and potentially enabling the monitoring of wildlife as well as human populations with this assay. We were thus able to develop and validate a sensitive and broadly reactive high-throughput serological assay which could be used as a screening tool to detect antibodies against several highly pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Surtees
- Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Ahrens
- Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Kromarek
- Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Lander
- Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Kreher
- Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weiss
- Institute of Virology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Roger Hewson
- Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Emma K Punch
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John N Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T Witkowski
- Institute of Virology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurth
- Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Yaniv D, Stern D, Vainer I, Ben Zvi H, Yahav D, Soudry E. The bacteriology of recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis: a longitudinal analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:3051-3057. [PMID: 32623506 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the microbiology of recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis over time. METHODS Retrospective review of patients with recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic-guided cultures during acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. RESULTS 386 cultures were obtained from 112 patients during recurrent acute exacerbations of CRS. A change of bacterial isolates during the course of recurrent exacerbations was observed in 68% (76/112) of patients, necessitating a change of treatment in 40% (45/112). The main risk factor for the subsequent change in cultures was polymicrobial growth. Sinus surgery was not associated with subsequent change in cultured isolates. Resistant strains developed in 11.6% (13/112) of patients, of whom those with abnormal mucociliary clearance being at the highest risk. CONCLUSION Repeated middle meatal cultures should be considered in patients with recurrent exacerbations of CRS, particularly in cases not responding to standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yaniv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Daniel Stern
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Igor Vainer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ben Zvi
- Microbiologic Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
| | - Ethan Soudry
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Graham MJ, Ford KES, McKernan B, Ross NP, Stern D, Burdge K, Coughlin M, Djorgovski SG, Drake AJ, Duev D, Kasliwal M, Mahabal AA, van Velzen S, Belecki J, Bellm EC, Burruss R, Cenko SB, Cunningham V, Helou G, Kulkarni SR, Masci FJ, Prince T, Reiley D, Rodriguez H, Rusholme B, Smith RM, Soumagnac MT. Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational-Wave Event S190521g. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:251102. [PMID: 32639755 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.251102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first plausible optical electromagnetic counterpart to a (candidate) binary black hole merger. Detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility, the electromagnetic flare is consistent with expectations for a kicked binary black hole merger in the accretion disk of an active galactic nucleus [B. McKernan, K. E. S. Ford, I. Bartos et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 884, L50 (2019)AJLEEY2041-821310.3847/2041-8213/ab4886] and is unlikely [<O(0.01%))] due to intrinsic variability of this source. The lack of color evolution implies that it is not a supernova and instead is strongly suggestive of a constant temperature shock. Other false-positive events, such as microlensing or a tidal disruption event, are ruled out or constrained to be <O(0.1%). If the flare is associated with S190521g, we find plausible values of total mass M_{BBH}∼100 M_{⊙}, kick velocity v_{k}∼200 km s^{-1} at θ∼60° in a disk with aspect ratio H/a∼0.01 (i.e., disk height H at radius a) and gas density ρ∼10^{-10} g cm^{-3}. The merger could have occurred at a disk migration trap (a∼700r_{g}; r_{g}≡GM_{SMBH}/c^{2}, where M_{SMBH} is the mass of the active galactic nucleus supermassive black hole). The combination of parameters implies a significant spin for at least one of the black holes in S190521g. The timing of our spectroscopy prevents useful constraints on broad-line asymmetry due to an off-center flare. We predict a repeat flare in this source due to a reencountering with the disk in ∼1.6 yr(M_{SMBH}/10^{8} M_{⊙})(a/10^{3}r_{g})^{3/2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Graham
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K E S Ford
- Department of Science, CUNY-BMCC, 199 Chambers Street, New York, New York 10007, USA
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, New York, New York 10028, USA
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - B McKernan
- Department of Science, CUNY-BMCC, 199 Chambers Street, New York, New York 10007, USA
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, New York, New York 10028, USA
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - N P Ross
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3 HJ, United Kingdom
| | - D Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - K Burdge
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Coughlin
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S G Djorgovski
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A J Drake
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Duev
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Kasliwal
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A A Mahabal
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S van Velzen
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - J Belecki
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Burruss
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Cenko
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 661, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - V Cunningham
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G Helou
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F J Masci
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Prince
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Reiley
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Rodriguez
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Rusholme
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R M Smith
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M T Soumagnac
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Ruppin F, Adam R, Ade P, André P, Andrianasolo A, Arnaud M, Aussel H, Bartalucci I, Bautz M, Beelen A, Benoît A, Bideaud A, Bourrion O, Brodwin M, Calvo M, Catalano A, Comis B, Decker B, De Petris M, Désert FX, Doyle S, Driessen EFC, Eisenhardt PRM, Gomez A, Gonzalez AH, Goupy J, Kéruzoré F, Kramer C, Ladjelate B, Lagache G, Leclercq S, Lestrade JF, Macías-Pérez J, Mauskopf P, Mayet F, McDonald M, Monfardini A, Moravec E, Perotto L, Pisano G, Pointecouteau E, Ponthieu N, Pratt GW, Revéret V, Ritacco A, Romero C, Roussel H, Schuster K, Shu S, Sievers A, Stanford SA, Stern D, Tucker C, Zylka R. Mapping the gas thermodynamic properties of the massive cluster merger MOO J1142+1527 at z = 1.2. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202022800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of the analysis of the very massive cluster MOO J1142+1527 at a redshift z = 1.2 based on high angular resolution NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) andChandraX-ray data. This multi-wavelength analysis enables us to estimate the shape of the temperature profile with unprecedented precision at this redshift and to obtain a map of the gas entropy distribution averaged along the line of sight. The comparison between the cluster morphological properties observed in the NIKA2 andChandramaps together with the analysis of the entropy map allows us to conclude that MOOJ1142+1527 is an on-going merger hosting a cool-core at the position of the X-ray peak. This work demonstrates how the addition of spatially-resolved SZ observations to low signal-to-noise X-ray data can bring valuable insights on the intracluster medium thermodynamic properties atz>1.
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17
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Tichelbäcker T, Dumitrescu D, Gerhardt F, Stern D, Wissmüller M, Adam M, Schmidt T, Frerker C, Pfister R, Halbach M, Baldus S, Rosenkranz S. Pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease. Herz 2019; 44:491-501. [PMID: 31312873 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with left-sided heart disease, including valvular heart disease. In this context, elevated left atrial pressure primarily leads to the development of post-capillary PH. Despite the fact that repair of left-sided valvular heart disease by surgical or interventional approaches will improve PH, recent studies have highlighted that PH (pre- or post-interventional) remains an important predictor of long-term outcome. Here, we review the current knowledge on PH in valvular heart disease taking into account new hemodynamic PH definitions, and the distinction between post- and pre-capillary components of PH. A specific focus is on the precise characterization of hemodynamics and cardiopulmonary interaction, and on potential strategies for the management of residual PH after mitral or aortic valve interventions. In addition, we highlight the clinical significance of tricuspid regurgitation, which may occur as a primary condition or as a consequence of PH and right heart dilatation (functional). In this context, proper patient selection for potential tricuspid valve interventions is crucial. Finally, the article highlights gaps in evidence, and points toward future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tichelbäcker
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Dumitrescu
- Klinik für Allgemeine und Interventionelle Kardiologie, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - F Gerhardt
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Stern
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Wissmüller
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Adam
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Frerker
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Pfister
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Halbach
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Baldus
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Rosenkranz
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin und Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Herzzentrum, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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18
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von Berg L, Stern D, Weisemann J, Rummel A, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. Optimization of SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 Cleavage by Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotypes A-F Employing Taguchi Design-of-Experiments. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100588. [PMID: 31614566 PMCID: PMC6832249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of catalytically active botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) can be achieved by monitoring the enzymatic cleavage of soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins by the toxins’ light chains (LC) in cleavage-based assays. Thus, for sensitive BoNT detection, optimal cleavage conditions for the clinically relevant A–F serotypes are required. Until now, a systematic evaluation of cleavage conditions for the different BoNT serotypes is still lacking. To address this issue, we optimized cleavage conditions for BoNT/A–F using the Taguchi design-of-experiments (DoE) method. To this aim, we analyzed the influence of buffer composition (pH, Zn2+, DTT (dithiothreitol), NaCl) as well as frequently used additives (BSA (bovine serum albumin), Tween 20, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)) on BoNT substrate cleavage. We identified major critical factors (DTT, Zn2+, TMAO) and were able to increase the catalytic efficiency of BoNT/B, C, E, and F when compared to previously described buffers. Moreover, we designed a single consensus buffer for the optimal cleavage of all tested serotypes. Our optimized buffers are instrumental to increase the sensitivity of cleavage-based assays for BoNT detection. Furthermore, the application of the Taguchi DoE approach shows how the method helps to rationally improve enzymatic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura von Berg
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Weisemann
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Andreas Rummel
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Bernhard Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Gertrud Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Garg M, Stern D, Groß U, Seeberger PH, Seeber F, Varón Silva D. Detection of Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Human Sera Using Synthetic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Glycans on a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11215-11222. [PMID: 31401830 PMCID: PMC6748559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, while often an asymptomatic parasitic disease in healthy individuals, can cause severe complications in immunocompromised persons and during pregnancy. The most common method to diagnose Toxoplasma gondii infections is the serological determination of antibodies directed against parasite protein antigens. Here we report the use of a bead-based multiplex assay containing a synthetic phosphoglycan portion of the Toxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI1) for the detection of GPI1-specific antibodies in human sera. The glycan was conjugated to beads at the lipid site to retain its natural orientation and its immunogenic groups. We compared the response against GPI1 with that against the protein antigen SAG1, a common component of commercial serological assays, via the detection of parasite-specific human IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. The GPI1-based test is in excellent agreement with the results for the commercial ELISA, as the ROC analysis of the GPI1 test shows 97% specificity and 98% sensitivity for the assay. GPI1 was a more reliable predictor for a parasite-specific IgM response compared to SAG1, indicating that a bead-based multiplex assay using GPI1 in combination with SAG1 may strengthen Toxoplasma gondii serology, in particular in seroepidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Uwe Groß
- German Consulting Laboratory for Toxoplasma, Institute for Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center Göttingen , 37075 Goettingen , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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20
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van den Bruck JH, Sultan A, Plenge T, Seuthe K, Mödder T, Iliadis C, Stern D, Blankenheim T, Steven D, Lüker J. Incidence of myopotential induction in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients: Is the oversensing issue really solved? Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:1523-1530. [PMID: 31048064 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) has established its role in the prevention of sudden cardiac death in a defined population. Inappropriate shocks and device malfunction in S-ICD therapy may be caused by myopotential (MP) oversensing. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate a cohort of consecutive S-ICD patients for MP inducibility. METHODS After S-ICD implantation, all vectors (primary [PrimV], secondary [SecV], alternative [AltV]) were analyzed during isometric chest press (ICP), lifting and holding a 20-kg weight, and side plank exercise (SPE), supporting the body weight on the left arm. When MPs were induced, signal classification was assessed: adequate noise detection, induced undersensing (R waves classified as noise), and oversensing (noise annotated as R waves). In case of noise induction in the current vector, device reprogramming to a noise-free vector was done. RESULTS We systematically assessed 41 patients. In nearly all patients (90.2%), MPs were inducible. ICP was the most potent inductor of MPs. Whereas SecV (70.7%) and AltV (75.6%) were most vulnerable during ICP, PrimV was most affected during SPE (51.2%). In only a few cases did the S-ICD software distinguish correctly between MPs and QRS. MPs predominantly led to undersensing (up to 65.9%), but in up to 22% of patients MP-induced oversensing occurred but did not lead to tachycardia detection. No relation was seen between S-ICD lead and generator position and MP inducibility. CONCLUSION Induction of MPs during physical exercise was observed frequently. Although in most cases MP noise led to undersensing, oversensing events were commonly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik van den Bruck
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Arian Sultan
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Plenge
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Seuthe
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Mödder
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christos Iliadis
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Blankenheim
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Steven
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob Lüker
- University of Cologne, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Díaz-Santos T, Assef RJ, Blain AW, Aravena M, Stern D, Tsai CW, Eisenhardt P, Wu J, Jun HD, Dibert K, Inami H, Lansbury G, Leclercq F. The multiple merger assembly of a hyperluminous obscured quasar at redshift 4.6. Science 2018; 362:1034-1036. [PMID: 30442765 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Galaxy mergers and gas accretion from the cosmic web drove the growth of galaxies and their central black holes at early epochs. We report spectroscopic imaging of a multiple merger event in the most luminous known galaxy, WISE J224607.56-052634.9 (W2246-0526), a dust-obscured quasar at redshift 4.6, 1.3 billion years after the Big Bang. Far-infrared dust continuum observations show three galaxy companions around W2246-0526 with disturbed morphologies, connected by streams of dust likely produced by the dynamical interaction. The detection of tidal dusty bridges shows that W2246-0526 is accreting its neighbors, suggesting that merger activity may be a dominant mechanism through which the most luminous galaxies simultaneously obscure and feed their central supermassive black holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Díaz-Santos
- Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, 8320000, Chile.
| | - R J Assef
- Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - A W Blain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - M Aravena
- Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - D Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - C-W Tsai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - P Eisenhardt
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J Wu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
| | - H D Jun
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - K Dibert
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - H Inami
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, 69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - G Lansbury
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - F Leclercq
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, 69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
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Akoua-Koffi C, Beermann S, Calvignac-Spencer S, Couacy-Hymann E, De Nys H, Ehlers B, Gillespie T, Gilbert J, Gogarten JF, Laney SJ, Lankester F, Leendertz FH, Makepeace B, Nitsche A, Pauli G, Pauly M, Skjerve E, Stern D, Thamm R, Travis D, Unwin S, Wittig R, Wittiger L. Obituary: Siv Aina Jensen Leendertz (Born Siv Aina Jensen: 1973–2018). INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Stern D, Hilly O. [THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING LOSS AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY AND THE EFFICIENCY OF HEARING REHABILITATION IN PREVENTING COGNITIVE DECLINE]. Harefuah 2018; 157:374-377. [PMID: 29964378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The population of elderly patients in Israel is constantly increasing, and so is the prevalence of age-related morbidities. Age-related hearing loss is very common, affecting approximately a third of the population over 65 years of age. Dementia is also common in elderly patients, and its prevalence doubles every 5 years after the age of 65 years. Hearing loss has many negative effects, such as decreased quality of life, social isolation and depression. In the last two decades, researchers had shown a direct relationship between hearing loss and dementia. Successful hearing rehabilitation can mitigate these negative effects and recent studies demonstrated that rehabilitation with cochlear implants slowed cognitive decline. In most cases, hearing aids are used for rehabilitation. However, for many patients, conventional hearing aids are insufficient. Cochlear implants were found to be effective and safe for elderly patients with severe hearing loss, but commonly they do not refer for evaluation due to their age. In this review we present the scientific evidence regarding the negative effects of age-related hearing loss, the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline, and the role of cochlear implantation in improving quality of life and slowing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Hilly
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Stern D, Weisemann J, Le Blanc A, von Berg L, Mahrhold S, Piesker J, Laue M, Luppa PB, Dorner MB, Dorner BG, Rummel A. A lipid-binding loop of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes B, DC and G is an essential feature to confer their exquisite potency. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007048. [PMID: 29718991 PMCID: PMC5951583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional toxicity of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by high avidity binding to complex polysialogangliosides and intraluminal segments of synaptic vesicle proteins embedded in the presynaptic membrane. One peculiarity is an exposed hydrophobic loop in the toxin’s cell binding domain HC, which is located between the ganglioside- and protein receptor-binding sites, and that is particularly pronounced in the serotypes BoNT/B, DC, and G sharing synaptotagmin as protein receptor. Here, we provide evidence that this HC loop is a critical component of their tripartite receptor recognition complex. Binding to nanodisc-embedded receptors and toxicity were virtually abolished in BoNT mutants lacking residues at the tip of the HC loop. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that only insertion of the HC loop into the lipid-bilayer compensates for the entropic penalty inflicted by the dual-receptor binding. Our results represent a new paradigm of how BoNT/B, DC, and G employ ternary interactions with a protein, ganglioside, and lipids to mediate their extraordinary neurotoxicity. Botulinum neurotoxins are Janus-faced molecules: due to their exquisite toxicity, botulinum neurotoxins are considered as biological weapons, but they are also highly effective medicines for numerous neurological indications. However, what mediates their exquisite toxicity? The exclusive binding to neurons and the subsequent paralysis cuts off the host’s communication networks. The neurospecific binding is ensured by anchoring to two receptor molecules both embedded in the membrane: a complex ganglioside and a synaptic vesicle protein. Here, we reveal a third interaction between a hydrophobic so-called HC loop protruding from the surface of the serotypes BoNT/B, DC, and G into the lipid membrane. Only this HC loop ensures their high-affinity binding to the neuronal receptors also at physiological temperature (37°C). Hereby, BoNT/B, DC, and G prevent untimely dissociation prior to uptake into the neuron. Therefore, our study provides the mechanistic basis for the development of inhibitors to combat botulism, but it also has implications for engineering toxin—membrane interactions yielding optimized BoNT-based therapeutics to treat neuromuscular dysfunctions successfully. Intriguingly, a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody shares a similar strategy, emphasizing the general relevance of our results for host—pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Weisemann
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Le Blanc
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Laura von Berg
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mahrhold
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter B. Luppa
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Bernhard Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte Gertrud Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (BGD); (AR)
| | - Andreas Rummel
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (BGD); (AR)
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Michels G, Kuffer L, Adler C, Bokredenghel S, Stern D, Pfister R, Halbach M. [60-Year Old Woman with Dyspnea in Cardiogenic Shock]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2018; 143:191-192. [PMID: 29409091 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Bañados E, Venemans BP, Mazzucchelli C, Farina EP, Walter F, Wang F, Decarli R, Stern D, Fan X, Davies FB, Hennawi JF, Simcoe RA, Turner ML, Rix HW, Yang J, Kelson DD, Rudie GC, Winters JM. An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5. Nature 2017; 553:473-476. [DOI: 10.1038/nature25180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stagegaard J, Kurth A, Stern D, Dabrowski PW, Pocknell A, Nitsche A, Schrick L. Seasonal recurrence of cowpox virus outbreaks in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187089. [PMID: 29121668 PMCID: PMC5679633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpox virus infections in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with high morbidity and mortality have already been reported in the UK and Russia in the 1970s. However, most of the reported cases have been singular events. Here, we report a total of five cowpox virus outbreaks in cheetahs in the same safari park in Denmark between 2010 and 2014. Nine cheetahs showed varying severity of clinical disease; two of them died (22%). All episodes occurred between August and October of the respective year. No other carnivores kept at the same institution nor the keepers taking care of the animals were clinically affected. The clinical picture of cowpox was confirmed by extensive laboratory investigations including histopathological and molecular analyses as well as cell culture isolation of a cowpox virus. High anti-orthopoxvirus antibody titers were detected in all 9 diseased cheetahs compared to seven contact cheetahs without clinical signs and 13 cheetahs not in direct contact. Additionally, whole genome sequencing from one sample of each cluster with subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses from different outbreaks have individual sequences but clearly form a clade distinct from other cowpox viruses. However, the intra-clade distances are still larger than those usually observed within clades of one event. These findings indicate multiple and separate introductions of cowpox virus, probably from wild rodent populations, where the virus keeps circulating naturally and is only sporadically introduced into the cheetahs. Sero-positivity of voles (Arvicola amphibious) caught in zoo grounds strengthens this hypothesis. As a consequence, recommendations are given for medical and physical management of diseased cheetahs, for hygienic measures as well as for pre-shipment isolation before cheetah export from zoo grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Kurth
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Livia Schrick
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Domachevsky L, Bernstine H, Goldberg N, Nidam M, Stern D, Sosna J, Groshar D. Early 68GA-PSMA PET/MRI acquisition: assessment of lesion detectability and PET metrics in patients with prostate cancer undergoing same-day late PET/CT. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:944-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Baumann S, Becher T, Giannakopoulos K, Jabbour C, Rutsch M, Fastner C, El-Battrawy I, Ansari U, Lossnitzer D, Behnes M, Alonso A, Kirschning T, Michels G, Stern D, Dissmann R, Kueck O, Taccone FS, Waldmann C, Bunker N, Postiglione M, Borggrefe M, Akin I. Bedside implantation of a new temporary vena cava inferior filter - Safety and efficacy results of the European ANGEL-Registry. J Crit Care 2017; 44:39-44. [PMID: 29054070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequently occurring complication in critically ill patients. Simultaneous occurrence of PE and life-threatening bleeding, may render medical anticoagulation impossible. For these patients, inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) present a valuable therapeutic alternative. The Angel® catheter is a novel IVCF that provides temporary protection from PE and is implanted at bedside. The primary objective of the European Angel® catheter registry is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this IVCF. MATERIAL AND METHODS The European Angel® catheter registry is an observational, multi-centre registry. Patients from four countries and eight sites that have undergone Angel® catheter implantation between March 2013 and February 2017 were enrolled. RESULTS A total of 114 critically ill patients were included. The main indication for implantation was a high-risk for PE in combination with contraindications for anticoagulation (69.3%). One clinically non-significant PE (0.9%) occurred in a patient with an indwelling Angel® catheter. No cases of catheter associated serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION Data shows that the Angel® catheter is a safe and effective approach to overcome the acute phase of critically ill patients with a high risk for the development of PE or an established PE, when an anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baumann
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Tobias Becher
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Konstantinos Giannakopoulos
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Claude Jabbour
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Marlon Rutsch
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Christian Fastner
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Uzair Ansari
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Dirk Lossnitzer
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Angelika Alonso
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kirschning
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Guido Michels
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Heart Centre of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Daniel Stern
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Heart Centre of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ruediger Dissmann
- Clinic of Cardiology, Nephrology and Intensive Care, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Olaf Kueck
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Nicholas Bunker
- Department of Anesthesia, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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Leendertz SAJ, Stern D, Theophil D, Anoh E, Mossoun A, Schubert G, Wiersma L, Akoua-Koffi C, Couacy-Hymann E, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Karhemere S, Pauly M, Schrick L, Leendertz FH, Nitsche A. A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey of Anti-Orthopoxvirus Antibodies in Central and Western Africa. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100278. [PMID: 28961172 PMCID: PMC5691630 DOI: 10.3390/v9100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the eradication of smallpox and the subsequent discontinuation of the worldwide smallpox vaccination program, other Orthopoxviruses beside Variola virus have been increasingly representing a risk to human health. To investigate the extent of natural contact with Orthopoxviruses and possible demographic risk factors for such an exposure, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey of anti-Orthopoxvirus IgG antibodies in West and Central Africa. To this end, people living in forest regions in Côte d’Ivoire (CIV, n = 737) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD, n = 267) were assigned into groups according to their likely smallpox vaccination status. The overall prevalence of anti-Orthopoxvirus antibodies was 51% in CIV and 60% in COD. High rates of seropositivity among the vaccinated part of the population (80% in CIV; 96% COD) indicated a long-lasting post vaccination immune response. In non-vaccinated participants, seroprevalences of 19% (CIV) and 26% (COD) indicated regular contact with Orthopoxviruses. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the antibody level in the vaccinated part of the population was higher in COD than in CIV, increased with age and was slightly higher in females than males. In the unvaccinated part of the population none of these factors influenced antibody level significantly. In conclusion, our results confirm expectedly high anti-Orthopoxvirus seroprevalences in previously smallpox-vaccinated people living in CIV and the COD but more unexpectedly imply regular contact with Orthopoxviruses both in Western and Central Africa, even in the absence of recognized outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Aina J Leendertz
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Stern
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dennis Theophil
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Etile Anoh
- Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | - Arsène Mossoun
- Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
- Laboratoire National D'appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville BP 206, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | - Grit Schubert
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lidewij Wiersma
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké BP 1174, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National D'appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville BP 206, Cote D'Ivoire.
| | | | - Stomy Karhemere
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa BP 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Maude Pauly
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Livia Schrick
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens ZBS 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Baumann S, Becher T, Giannakopoulos K, Jabbour C, Fastner C, El-Battrawy I, Ansari U, Lossnitzer D, Behnes M, Alonso A, Kirschning T, Dissmann R, Kueck O, Stern D, Michels G, Borggrefe M, Akin I. [Bedside implantation of a new temporary vena cava inferior filter : German results from the European ANGEL registry]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2017; 113:184-191. [PMID: 28470480 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-017-0294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequently occurring complication in critically ill patients, and the simultaneous occurrence of PE and life-threatening bleeding is a therapeutic dilemma. Inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) may represent an important therapeutic alternative in these cases. The Angel® catheter (Bio2 Medical Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA) is a novel IVCF that provides temporary protection from PE and is implanted at bedside without fluoroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The European Angel® Catheter Registry is an observational, multicenter study. In our German substudy, we investigated patients from three German hospitals and four intensive care units, who underwent Angel® catheter implantation between February 2016 and December 2016. RESULTS A total of 23 critically ill patients (68 ± 9 years, 43% male) were included. The main indication for implantation was a high risk for or an established PE, combined with contraindications for prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation due to either an increased risk of bleeding (81%) or active bleeding (13%). The Angel® catheter was successfully inserted in all patients at bedside. No PE occurred in patients with an indwelling Angel® catheter. Clots with a diameter larger the 20 mm, indicating clot migration, were detected in 5% of the patients by cavography before filter retrieval. Filter retrieval was uneventful in all of our cases, while filter dislocation occurred in 3% of the patients. CONCLUSION The German data from the multicenter European Angel® Catheter Registry show that the Angel® catheter is a safe and effective approach for critically ill patients with a high risk for the development of PE or an established PE, when an anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baumann
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
| | - T Becher
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - K Giannakopoulos
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - C Jabbour
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - C Fastner
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - I El-Battrawy
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - U Ansari
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - D Lossnitzer
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Behnes
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Alonso
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - T Kirschning
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - R Dissmann
- Medizinische Klinik II - Kardiologie, Nephrologie und Dialyse, Klinikum Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Deutschland
| | - O Kueck
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Deutschland
| | - D Stern
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - G Michels
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - M Borggrefe
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - I Akin
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
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Theodosakis N, Langdon C, Micevic G, Stern D, Bosenberg M. 789 Inhibition of isoprenylation synergizes with MAPK blockade to prevent growth in treatment-resistant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kazachenko O, Bornschein B, Kernert N, Doerr L, Glugla M, Weber V, Stern D. Tritium Processing Loop for KATRIN Experiment. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Kazachenko
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Bornschein
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Kernert
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L. Doerr
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Glugla
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V. Weber
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Stern
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Stern D, Cho MT, Chikarmane R, Willaert R, Retterer K, Kendall F, Deardorff M, Hopkins S, Bedoukian E, Slavotinek A, Schrier Vergano S, Spangler B, McDonald M, McConkie-Rosell A, Burton BK, Kim KH, Oundjian N, Kronn D, Chandy N, Baskin B, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Wentzensen IM, McLaughlin HM, McKnight D, Chung WK. Association of the missense variant p.Arg203Trp in PACS1 as a cause of intellectual disability and seizures. Clin Genet 2017; 92:221-223. [PMID: 28111752 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphical abstract key: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD, atrial septal defect; DD, developmental delay; EEG, electroencephalogram; Ht, height; ID, intellectual disability; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; OFC, open fontanelle; PDA, patent ductus arteriosis; PFO, patent foramen ovale; VSD, ventricular septal defect; Wt, weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stern
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M T Cho
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - F Kendall
- VMP Genetics, Roswell, GA, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Deardorff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Hopkins
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Bedoukian
- Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - B Spangler
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - M McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A McConkie-Rosell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B K Burton
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K H Kim
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - D Kronn
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - N Chandy
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - W K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Massey SH, Stern D, Alden EC, Petersen JE, Cobia DJ, Wang L, Csernansky JG, Smith MJ. Cortical thickness of neural substrates supporting cognitive empathy in individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 179:119-124. [PMID: 27665257 PMCID: PMC5222696 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive empathy is supported by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC), insula (INS), supplementary motor area (SMA), right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), and precuneus (PREC). In healthy controls, cortical thickness in these regions has been linked to cognitive empathy. As cognitive empathy is impaired in schizophrenia, we examined whether reduced cortical thickness in these regions was associated with poorer cognitive empathy in this population. METHODS 41 clinically-stable community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia and 46 healthy controls group-matched on demographic variables completed self-report empathy questionnaires, a cognitive empathy task, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. We examined between-group differences in study variables using t-tests and analyses of variance. Next, we used Pearson correlations to evaluate the relationship between cognitive empathy and cortical thickness in the mPFC, IFG, aMCC, INS, SMA, TPJ, and PREC in both groups. RESULTS Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated cortical thinning in the IFG, INS, SMA, TPJ, and PREC (all p<0.05) and impaired cognitive empathy across all measures (all p<0.01) relative to controls. While cortical thickness in the mPFC, IFC, aMCC, and INS (all p<0.05) was related to cognitive empathy in controls, we did not observe these relationships in individuals with schizophrenia (all p>0.10). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia have reduced cortical thickness in empathy-related neural regions and significant impairments in cognitive empathy. Interestingly, cortical thickness was related to cognitive empathy in controls but not in the schizophrenia group. We discuss other mechanisms that may account for cognitive empathy impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H. Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel Stern
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eva C. Alden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Julie E. Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derin J. Cobia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Corresponding Author: Dr. Matthew J. Smith, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Abbott Hall, 13th Floor, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, Phone: 1-312-503-2542, Fax: 1-312-503-0527,
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Stern D, Olson VA, Smith SK, Pietraszczyk M, Miller L, Miethe P, Dorner BG, Nitsche A. Rapid and sensitive point-of-care detection of Orthopoxviruses by ABICAP immunofiltration. Virol J 2016; 13:207. [PMID: 27938377 PMCID: PMC5148848 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid and reliable detection of infectious agents is one of the most challenging tasks in scenarios lacking well-equipped laboratory infrastructure, like diagnostics in rural areas of developing countries. Commercially available point-of-care diagnostic tests for emerging and rare diseases are particularly scarce. Results In this work we present a point-of-care test for the detection of Orthopoxviruses (OPV). The OPV ABICAP assay detects down to 1 × 104 plaque forming units/mL of OPV particles within 45 min. It can be applied to clinical material like skin crusts and detects all zoonotic OPV infecting humans, including Vaccinia, Cowpox, Monkeypox, and most importantly Variola virus. Conclusions Given the high sensitivity and the ease of handling, the novel assay could be highly useful for on-site diagnostics of suspected Monkeypox virus infections in areas lacking proper laboratory infrastructure as well as rapid on-site testing of suspected bioterrorism samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0665-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Victoria A Olson
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott K Smith
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lilija Miller
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Novel Vaccination Strategies and Early Immune Responses, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Mahrhold S, Stern D, Weisemann J, Bergström T, Heumann AM, Åstot C, Dorner B, Rummel A. Binding of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) to glycosylated SV2. Toxicon 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hansbauer EM, Skiba M, Endermann T, Stern D, Dorner MB, Finkenwirth F, Wolf J, Luginbühl W, Rummel A, Messelhäusser U, Bellanger L, Woudstra C, Fach P, Dorner BG. Detection and differentiation of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes C, D, and their mosaic variants by highly specific immunoassays and mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mauri V, Reimann A, Stern D, Scherner M, Kuhn E, Rudolph V, Rosenkranz S, Eghbalzadeh K, Friedrichs K, Wahlers T, Baldus S, Madershahian N, Rudolph TK. Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With the SAPIEN 3. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:2200-2209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ziem B, Thien H, Achazi K, Yue C, Stern D, Silberreis K, Gholami MF, Beckert F, Gröger D, Mülhaupt R, Rabe JP, Nitsche A, Haag R. Highly Efficient Multivalent 2D Nanosystems for Inhibition of Orthopoxvirus Particles. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2922-2930. [PMID: 27581958 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient inhibition of cell-pathogen interaction to prevent subsequent infection is an urgent but yet unsolved problem. In this study, the synthesis and functionalization of novel multivalent 2D carbon nanosystems as well as their antiviral efficacy in vitro are shown. For this reason, a new multivalent 2D flexible carbon architecture is developed in this study, functionalized with sulfated dendritic polyglycerol, to enable virus interaction. A simple "graft from" approach enhances the solubility of thermally reduced graphene oxide and provides a suitable 2D surface for multivalent ligand presentation. Polysulfation is used to mimic the heparan sulfate-containing surface of cells and to compete with this natural binding site of viruses. In correlation with the degree of sulfation and the grafted polymer density, the interaction efficiency of these systems can be varied. In here, orthopoxvirus strains are used as model viruses as they use heparan sulfate for cell entry as other viruses, e.g., herpes simplex virus, dengue virus, or cytomegalovirus. The characterization results of the newly designed graphene derivatives demonstrate excellent binding as well as efficient inhibition of orthopoxvirus infection. Overall, these new multivalent 2D polymer nanosystems are promising candidates to develop potent inhibitors for viruses, which possess a heparan sulfate-dependent cell entry mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziem
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hendrik Thien
- Institute of Virology; University of Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Constanze Yue
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Fabian Beckert
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominic Gröger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Institute for Physics and IRIS Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität Berlin; 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
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Abstract
The hypothesis that optimism about college is associated with academic performance was tested. The Optimism About College Life Scale was administered to 67 male and 36 female entering college freshmen, and scores correlated (.22) with grade-point averages two years later. College optimism also was significantly associated ( r = .22) with high-school grades, suggesting that the more able students are more optimistic about college and obtain higher grades in college. When the effect of high-school grades was held constant, however, the association between optimism and college academic performance diminished to a non-significant r of .17. Research on self-concept variables and college performance might also profit from a similar analysis of the role of previous academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Prola
- York College, City University of New York
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Hansbauer EM, Skiba M, Endermann T, Weisemann J, Stern D, Dorner MB, Finkenwirth F, Wolf J, Luginbühl W, Messelhäußer U, Bellanger L, Woudstra C, Rummel A, Fach P, Dorner BG. Detection, differentiation, and identification of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes C, CD, D, and DC by highly specific immunoassays and mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:5281-97. [PMID: 27353114 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes C and D and their mosaic variants CD and DC cause severe cases of botulism in animal husbandry and wildlife. Epidemiological data on the exact serotype or toxin variant causing outbreaks are rarely available, mainly because of their high sequence identity and the lack of fast and specific screening tools to detect and differentiate the four similar toxins. To fill this gap, we developed four highly specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) able to detect and differentiate botulinum neurotoxins type BoNT/C, D, CD, and DC based on four distinct combinations of specific monoclonal antibodies targeting both conserved and divergent subdomains of the four toxins. Here, highly sensitive detection with detection limits between 2 and 24 pg mL(-1) was achieved. The ELISAs were extensively validated and results were compared with data obtained by quantitative real-time PCR using a panel of Clostridium botulinum strains, real sample materials from veterinary botulism outbreaks, and non-BoNT-producing Clostridia. Additionally, in order to verify the results obtained by ELISA screening, the new monoclonal antibodies were used for BoNT enrichment and subsequent detection (i) on a functional level by endopeptidase mass spectrometry (Endopep-MS) assays and (ii) on a protein sequence level by LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Based on all technical information gathered in the validation study, the four differentiating ELISAs turned out to be highly reliable screening tools for the rapid analysis of veterinary botulism cases and should aid future field investigations of botulism outbreaks and the acquisition of epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hansbauer
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany.
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Yao G, Zhang S, Mahrhold S, Lam KH, Stern D, Bagramyan K, Perry K, Kalkum M, Rummel A, Dong M, Jin R. N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:656-62. [PMID: 27294781 PMCID: PMC5033645 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1) is one of the most dangerous potential bioterrorism agents, and exerts its action by invading motoneurons. It is also a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications. Here we report a 2.0 Å resolution crystal structure of BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, the glycosylated human SV2C. We find that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. This N-glycan—conserved in all SV2 isoforms across vertebrates—is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and its potent neurotoxicity. The glycan-binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an anti-botulism drug. Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications to achieve highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Yao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sicai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Mahrhold
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kwok-Ho Lam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel Stern
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens-Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karine Bagramyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kay Perry
- NE-CAT, Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Andreas Rummel
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rongsheng Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Stern D, Pauly D, Zydek M, Müller C, Avondet MA, Worbs S, Lisdat F, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. Simultaneous differentiation and quantification of ricin and agglutinin by an antibody-sandwich surface plasmon resonance sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Stern D, Pauly D, Zydek M, Miller L, Piesker J, Laue M, Lisdat F, Dorner MB, Dorner BG, Nitsche A. Development of a Genus-Specific Antigen Capture ELISA for Orthopoxviruses - Target Selection and Optimized Screening. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150110. [PMID: 26930499 PMCID: PMC4773239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxvirus species like cowpox, vaccinia and monkeypox virus cause zoonotic infections in humans worldwide. Infections often occur in rural areas lacking proper diagnostic infrastructure as exemplified by monkeypox, which is endemic in Western and Central Africa. While PCR detection requires demanding equipment and is restricted to genome detection, the evidence of virus particles can complement or replace PCR. Therefore, an easily distributable and manageable antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of orthopoxviruses was developed to facilitate particle detection. By comparing the virus particle binding properties of polyclonal antibodies developed against surface-exposed attachment or fusion proteins, the surface protein A27 was found to be a well-bound, highly immunogenic and exposed target for antibodies aiming at virus particle detection. Subsequently, eight monoclonal anti-A27 antibodies were generated and characterized by peptide epitope mapping and surface plasmon resonance measurements. All antibodies were found to bind with high affinity to two epitopes at the heparin binding site of A27, toward either the N- or C-terminal of the crucial KKEP-segment of A27. Two antibodies recognizing different epitopes were implemented in an antigen capture ELISA. Validation showed robust detection of virus particles from 11 different orthopoxvirus isolates pathogenic to humans, with the exception of MVA, which is apathogenic to humans. Most orthopoxviruses could be detected reliably for viral loads above 1 × 103 PFU/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first solely monoclonal and therefore reproducible antibody-based antigen capture ELISA able to detect all human pathogenic orthopoxviruses including monkeypox virus, except variola virus which was not included. Therefore, the newly developed antibody-based assay represents important progress towards feasible particle detection of this important genus of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Pauly
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Zydek
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences, Wildau, Germany
| | - Lilija Miller
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences, Wildau, Germany
| | - Martin B. Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G. Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Annuar A, Gandhi P, Alexander DM, Lansbury GB, Arévalo P, Ballantyne DR, Baloković M, Bauer FE, Boggs SE, Brandt WN, Brightman M, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Moro AD, Hailey CJ, Harrison FA, Hickox RC, Matt G, Puccetti S, Ricci C, Rigby JR, Stern D, Walton DJ, Zappacosta L, Zhang W. NuSTAROBSERVATIONS OF THE COMPTON-THICK ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS AND ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE CANDIDATE IN NGC 5643. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/815/1/36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Teng SH, Rigby JR, Stern D, Ptak A, Alexander DM, Bauer FE, Boggs SE, Brandt WN, Christensen FE, Comastri A, Craig WW, Farrah D, Gandhi P, Hailey CJ, Harrison FA, Hickox RC, Koss M, Luo B, Treister E, Zhang WW. ANuSTARSURVEY OF NEARBY ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/814/1/56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Keck ML, Brenneman LW, Ballantyne DR, Bauer F, Boggs SE, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Dauser T, Elvis M, Fabian AC, Fuerst F, García J, Grefenstette BW, Hailey CJ, Harrison FA, Madejski G, Marinucci A, Matt G, Reynolds CS, Stern D, Walton DJ, Zoghbi A. NUSTARANDSUZAKUX-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF NGC 4151: EVIDENCE FOR REFLECTION FROM THE INNER ACCRETION DISK. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Perez K, Hailey CJ, Bauer FE, Krivonos RA, Mori K, Baganoff FK, Barrière NM, Boggs SE, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Grefenstette BW, Grindlay JE, Harrison FA, Hong J, Madsen KK, Nynka M, Stern D, Tomsick JA, Wik DR, Zhang S, Zhang WW, Zoglauer A. Extended hard-X-ray emission in the inner few parsecs of the Galaxy. Nature 2015; 520:646-9. [PMID: 25925477 DOI: 10.1038/nature14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Galactic Centre hosts a puzzling stellar population in its inner few parsecs, with a high abundance of surprisingly young, relatively massive stars bound within the deep potential well of the central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A* (ref. 1). Previous studies suggest that the population of objects emitting soft X-rays (less than 10 kiloelectronvolts) within the surrounding hundreds of parsecs, as well as the population responsible for unresolved X-ray emission extending along the Galactic plane, is dominated by accreting white dwarf systems. Observations of diffuse hard-X-ray (more than 10 kiloelectronvolts) emission in the inner 10 parsecs, however, have been hampered by the limited spatial resolution of previous instruments. Here we report the presence of a distinct hard-X-ray component within the central 4 × 8 parsecs, as revealed by subarcminute-resolution images in the 20-40 kiloelectronvolt range. This emission is more sharply peaked towards the Galactic Centre than is the surface brightness of the soft-X-ray population. This could indicate a significantly more massive population of accreting white dwarfs, large populations of low-mass X-ray binaries or millisecond pulsars, or particle outflows interacting with the surrounding radiation field, dense molecular material or magnetic fields. However, all these interpretations pose significant challenges to our understanding of stellar evolution, binary formation, and cosmic-ray production in the Galactic Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Perez
- 1] Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Room 1027, New York, New York 10027, USA [2] Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, KINSC L109, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, USA
| | - Charles J Hailey
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Room 1027, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Franz E Bauer
- 1] Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 306, Santiago 22, Chile [2] Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile [3] Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Roman A Krivonos
- Space Science Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kaya Mori
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Room 1027, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Frederick K Baganoff
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 37-555, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nicolas M Barrière
- Space Science Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Steven E Boggs
- Space Science Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Finn E Christensen
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - William W Craig
- 1] Space Science Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Brian W Grefenstette
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 290-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jonathan E Grindlay
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-83, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Fiona A Harrison
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 290-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jaesub Hong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-83, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kristin K Madsen
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 290-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Melania Nynka
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Room 1027, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Daniel Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 169-221, California 91109, USA
| | - John A Tomsick
- Space Science Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel R Wik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Room 1027, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - William W Zhang
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Andreas Zoglauer
- Space Science Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Tsai CW, Eisenhardt PRM, Wu J, Stern D, Assef RJ, Blain AW, Bridge CR, Benford DJ, Cutri RM, Griffith RL, Jarrett TH, Lonsdale CJ, Masci FJ, Moustakas LA, Petty SM, Sayers J, Stanford SA, Wright EL, Yan L, Leisawitz DT, Liu F, Mainzer AK, McLean IS, Padgett DL, Skrutskie MF, Gelino CR, Beichman CA, Juneau S. THE MOST LUMINOUS GALAXIES DISCOVERED BYWISE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/805/2/90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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