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Cuccu F, De Luca L, Delogu F, Colacino E, Solin N, Mocci R, Porcheddu A. Mechanochemistry: New Tools to Navigate the Uncharted Territory of "Impossible" Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200362. [PMID: 35867602 PMCID: PMC9542358 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical transformations have made chemists enter unknown territories, forcing a different chemistry perspective. While questioning or revisiting familiar concepts belonging to solution chemistry, mechanochemistry has broken new ground, especially in the panorama of organic synthesis. Not only does it foster new "thinking outside the box", but it also has opened new reaction paths, allowing to overcome the weaknesses of traditional chemistry exactly where the use of well-established solution-based methodologies rules out progress. In this Review, the reader is introduced to an intriguing research subject not yet fully explored and waiting for improved understanding. Indeed, the study is mainly focused on organic transformations that, although impossible in solution, become possible under mechanochemical processing conditions, simultaneously entailing innovation and expanding the chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cuccu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Niclas Solin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Electronic and Photonic Materials (EFM), Building Fysikhuset, Room M319, Campus, Valla, Sweden
| | - Rita Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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2
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Yamada T, Park K, Furugen C, Jiang J, Shimizu E, Ito N, Sajiki H. Highly Selective Hydrogenative Conversion of Nitriles into Tertiary, Secondary, and Primary Amines under Flow Reaction Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102138. [PMID: 34779573 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow reaction methods have been developed to selectively synthesize tertiary, secondary, and primary amines depending on heterogeneous platinum-group metal species under catalytic hydrogenation conditions using nitriles as starting materials. A 10 % Pd/C-packed catalyst cartridge affords symmetrically substituted tertiary amines in good to excellent yields. A 10 % Rh/C-packed catalyst cartridge enables the divergent synthesis of secondary and primary amines, with either cyclohexane or acetic acid as a solvent, respectively. Reaction parameters, such as the metal catalyst, solvent, and reaction temperature, and continuous-flow conditions, such as flow direction and second support of the catalyst in a catalyst cartridge, are quite important for controlling the reaction between the hydrogenation of nitriles and nucleophilic attack of in situ-generated amines to imine intermediates. A wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles could be highly selectively transformed into the corresponding tertiary, secondary, and primary amines by simply changing the metal species of the catalyst or flow parameters. Furthermore, the selective continuous-flow methodologies are applied over at least 72 h to afford three different types of amines in 80-99 % yield without decrease in catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
| | - Kwihwan Park
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
| | - Chikara Furugen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
| | - Jing Jiang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
| | - Eisho Shimizu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
| | - Naoya Ito
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 5011196, Japan
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3
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Lu B, Qin Y, Lu Y, Liu Q, Zeng X. Acryloylnitrenes: Spectroscopic Characterization, Spin Multiplicities, and Rearrangement to Vinyl Isocyanates. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6319-6329. [PMID: 32660245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The simplest acryloylnitrene, CH2═CHC(O)N (1b), and two halogenated derivatives, CH2═CFC(O)N (2b) and CH2═CBrC(O)N (3b), were generated through the 266 nm laser photolysis of the corresponding azide precursors in solid N2-matrices at 15 K. The IR spectroscopic characterization of these new acylnitrenes is supported by 15N-labeling and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. For the three nitrenes 1b, 2b, and 3b, two conformers exhibiting syn and anti configurations between the C═C and C═O bonds with respect to the C-C bonds have been identified. Consistent with the CBS-QB3 calculated singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST < 0 kcal mol-1), the IR spectral analysis suggests that all these acryloylnitrenes adopt oxazirine-like structures with closed-shell singlet spin multiplicity. Upon subsequent green light (532 nm) irradiation, these acryloylnitrenes rearrange to form vinyl isocyanates CH2═CXNCO (X = H, F, Br), for which the IR spectra have also been obtained. According to the calculations on the α,β-fluorinated acryloylnitrenes at the CBS-QB3 level, their spin multiplicities can be switched from singlet CH2═CFC(O)N (ΔEST = -0.86 kcal mol-1) to triplet CF2═CFC(O)N (ΔEST = +0.61 kcal mol-1), whereas CFH═CFC(O)N is magnetically bistable due to a rather small ΔEST (+0.09 kcal mol-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Phung Hai TA, De Backer LJS, Cosford NDP, Burkart MD. Preparation of Mono- and Diisocyanates in Flow from Renewable Carboxylic Acids. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thien An Phung Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Laurent J. S. De Backer
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael D. Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0368, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Carlson AS, Topczewski JJ. Allylic azides: synthesis, reactivity, and the Winstein rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4406-4429. [PMID: 30969292 PMCID: PMC6530792 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic azides are useful synthetic intermediates, which demonstrate broad reactivity. Unlike most organic azides, allylic azides can spontaneously rearrange to form a mixture of isomers. This rearrangement has been named the Winstein rearrangement. Using allylic azides can result in low yields and azide racemization in some synthetic contexts due to the Winstein rearrangement. Effort has been made to understand the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement and to take advantage of this process. Several guiding principles can be used to identify which azides will produce a mixture of isomers and which will resist rearrangement. Selective reaction conditions can be used to differentiate the azide isomers in a dynamic manner. This review covers all aspects of allylic azides including their synthesis, their reactivity, the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement, and reactions that can selectively elaborate an azide isomer. This review covers the literature from Winstein's initial report to early 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Karlsson S, Gardelli C, Lindhagen M, Nikitidis G, Svensson T. Route Optimization and Manufacture of Multihundred Grams of a Ghrelin Receptor Agonist. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Karlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cristina Gardelli
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marika Lindhagen
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Grigorios Nikitidis
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tor Svensson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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7
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Le Fouler V, Duret G, Bisseret P, Blanchard N. Copper-mediated synthesis of N-vinyl ynamides from N-vinyl carbamates. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Sagandira CR, Watts P. A study on the scale-up of acyl azide synthesis in various continuous flow reactors in homogeneous and biphasic systems. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Engelsma SB, van den Ende TC, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV. Reaction Rates of Various N
-Acylenamines in the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander B. Engelsma
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Department of Bioorganic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Thomas C. van den Ende
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Department of Bioorganic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Department of Bioorganic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Department of Bioorganic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Department of Bioorganic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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10
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Steven A, Hopes P. Use of a Curtius Rearrangement as Part of the Multikilogram Manufacture of a Pyrazine Building Block. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Steven
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Hopes
- Cyton Biosciences
Ltd., 68 Macrae Road, Bristol, BS20 0DD, United Kingdom
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11
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Ghosh AK, Cárdenas EL, Brindisi M. Highly Stereoselective Asymmetric Aldol Routes to tert-Butyl-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamates: Building Blocks for Novel Protease Inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:4062-4065. [PMID: 29335658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective syntheses of tert-butyl ((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((S)-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate and ((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((R)-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate are described. We utilized asymmetric syn- and anti-aldol reactions to set both stereogenic centers. We investigated ester-derived Ti-enolate aldol reactions as well as Evans' diastereoselective syn-aldol reaction for these syntheses. We have converted optically active ((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((S)-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate to a potent β-secretase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emilio L Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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12
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Sagandira CR, Watts P. Synthesis of Amines, Carbamates and Amides by Multi-Step Continuous Flow Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cloudius R. Sagandira
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; University Way 6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Paul Watts
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; University Way 6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa
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13
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Intramolecular vinylation of carbanions using N -acyl benzomorpholines as masked vinylureas and vinylcarbamates. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Deerberg J, Prasad SJ, Sfouggatakis C, Eastgate MD, Fan Y, Chidambaram R, Sharma P, Li L, Schild R, Müslehiddinoğlu J, Chung HJ, Leung S, Rosso V. Stereoselective Bulk Synthesis of CCR2 Antagonist BMS-741672: Assembly of an All-cis (S,R,R)-1,2,4-Triaminocyclohexane (TACH) Core via Sequential Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenations. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Deerberg
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Siva J. Prasad
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Chris Sfouggatakis
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yu Fan
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Ramakrishnan Chidambaram
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Li Li
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Richard Schild
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Jale Müslehiddinoğlu
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Hyei-Jha Chung
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Simon Leung
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Victor Rosso
- Chemical and Synthetic
Development, Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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15
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Coussanes G, Gaus K, O'Sullivan AC. The Synthesis of Ketone-Derived Enamides by Elimination of HCN from Cyanoamides. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Coussanes
- Process Research Chemistry; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Process Research Chemistry; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein Switzerland
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16
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Park J, Chang S. Comparative Catalytic Activity of Group 9 [Cp*M(III)] Complexes: Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Amidation of Arenes with Dioxazolones as Amidating Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14103-7. [PMID: 26404541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the [Cp*Co(III)]-catalyzed direct C-H amidation of arenes with dioxazolone has been developed. This reaction proceeds under straightforward and mild conditions with a broad range of substrates, including anilides. A comparative study on the catalytic activity of Group 9 [{Cp*MCl2}2] complexes revealed the unique efficiency of the cobalt catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea).,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea). .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea).
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17
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Park J, Chang S. Comparative Catalytic Activity of Group 9 [Cp*M
III
] Complexes: Cobalt‐Catalyzed CH Amidation of Arenes with Dioxazolones as Amidating Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305‐701 (Republic of Korea)
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305‐701 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305‐701 (Republic of Korea)
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305‐701 (Republic of Korea)
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18
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Park Y, Jee S, Kim JG, Chang S. Study of Sustainability and Scalability in the Cp*Rh(III)-Catalyzed Direct C–H Amidation with 1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jee
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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19
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Caron S, Thomson NM. Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry: Evolution of a Contemporary Data-Rich Laboratory Environment. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2943-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502879m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Caron
- Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Thomson
- Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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20
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Boros EE, Kaldor I. Thermal Synthesis of 3-Bromothieno[3,2- c]pyridin-4-(5 H)-one: A Telescoped Procedure with Tributylamine. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Boros
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development; Five Moore Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709
| | - Istvan Kaldor
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development; Five Moore Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709
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21
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Zenner MD, Xia Y, Chen JS, Kessler MR. Polyurethanes from isosorbide-based diisocyanates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:1182-1185. [PMID: 23757328 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benign building blocks: Stereochemically pure diisocyanates were prepared on a multigram scale from succinic anhydride and isosorbide or isomannide. Characterization of polyurethanes that were produced from these diisocyanates revealed low polydispersity, high thermal stability, and stereochemistry-dependent morphology. If biobased succinic anhydride is used, then no stoichiometric petroleum-derived reagents are required in the synthesis of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Zenner
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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22
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Li C, Li BF, Chen JG, Sun T, Chen Z. A Practical Kilogram-Scale Process to a Milnacipran Analogue, N,N-Diallyl (1R, 2R)-2-(Aminomethyl)-1-(2-thienyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Lab of Biocatalysis, Hangzhou Normal University, Science and Technology
Park, 1378 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bin-Feng Li
- Agno Pharma, A5-401,
BioBay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 China
| | - Jian-Ge Chen
- Agno Pharma, A5-401,
BioBay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 China
| | - Tao Sun
- Agno Pharma, A5-401,
BioBay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- Lab of Biocatalysis, Hangzhou Normal University, Science and Technology
Park, 1378 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
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23
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Tang W, Wei X, Yee NK, Patel N, Lee H, Savoie J, Senanayake CH. A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Isopropyl (1R,2S)-Dehydrocoronamate. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200038y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tang
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Xudong Wei
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Nathan K. Yee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Nitinchandra Patel
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Heewon Lee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Jolaine Savoie
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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24
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Dubé P, Nathel NFF, Vetelino M, Couturier M, Aboussafy CL, Pichette S, Jorgensen ML, Hardink M. Carbonyldiimidazole-mediated Lossen rearrangement. Org Lett 2010; 11:5622-5. [PMID: 19908883 DOI: 10.1021/ol9023387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) was found to mediate the Lossen rearrangement of various hydroxamic acids to isocyanates. This process is experimentally simple and mild, with imidazole and CO(2) being the sole stoichiometric byproduct. Significant for large-scale application, the method avoids the use of hazardous reagents and thus represents a green alternative to standard processing conditions for the Curtius and Hofmann rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Dubé
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, P.O. Box 8013, Groton, Connecticut 06340-8013, USA.
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25
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Ma B, Lee WC. A modified Curtius reaction: an efficient and simple method for direct isolation of free amine. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Ley SV, Nikbin N, Smith CD, Tierney JP. A modular flow reactor for performing Curtius rearrangements as a continuous flow process. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1577-86. [PMID: 18421389 DOI: 10.1039/b801631n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of a mesofluidic flow reactor is described for performing Curtius rearrangement reactions of carboxylic acids in the presence of diphenylphosphoryl azide and trapping of the intermediate isocyanates with various nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Boros EE, Burova SA, Erickson GA, Johns BA, Koble CS, Kurose N, Sharp MJ, Tabet EA, Thompson JB, Toczko MA. A Scaleable Synthesis of Methyl 3-Amino-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylate. Org Process Res Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/op7001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Boros
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Svetlana A. Burova
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Greg A. Erickson
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Brian A. Johns
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Cecilia S. Koble
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Noriyuki Kurose
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Matthew J. Sharp
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Elie A. Tabet
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - James B. Thompson
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
| | - Matthew A. Toczko
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A
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28
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Zabalov MV, Tiger RP. “ortho-Effect” in thermal curtius rearrangement of alkylbenzoyl azides into isocyanates: A quantitative interpretation. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Caron S, Dugger RW, Ruggeri SG, Ragan JA, Ripin DHB. Large-Scale Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Chem Rev 2006; 106:2943-89. [PMID: 16836305 DOI: 10.1021/cr040679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Caron
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
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30
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Damon DB, Dugger RW, Magnus-Aryitey G, Ruggeri RB, Wester RT, Tu M, Abramov Y. Synthesis of the CETP Inhibitor Torcetrapib: The Resolution Route and Origin of Stereoselectivity in the Iminium Ion Cyclization. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op060014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Damon
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Robert W. Dugger
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - George Magnus-Aryitey
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Roger B. Ruggeri
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Ronald T. Wester
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Meihua Tu
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Yuriy Abramov
- Chemical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exploratory Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
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31
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Mechanism and structural aspects of thermal Curtius rearrangement. Quantum chemical study. Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Dugger RW, Ragan JA, Ripin DHB. Survey of GMP Bulk Reactions Run in a Research Facility between 1985 and 2002. Org Process Res Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/op050021j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Dugger
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - John A. Ragan
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - David H. Brown Ripin
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
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