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Kant K, Beeram R, Cao Y, Dos Santos PSS, González-Cabaleiro L, García-Lojo D, Guo H, Joung Y, Kothadiya S, Lafuente M, Leong YX, Liu Y, Liu Y, Moram SSB, Mahasivam S, Maniappan S, Quesada-González D, Raj D, Weerathunge P, Xia X, Yu Q, Abalde-Cela S, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Bardhan R, Bansal V, Choo J, Coelho LCC, de Almeida JMMM, Gómez-Graña S, Grzelczak M, Herves P, Kumar J, Lohmueller T, Merkoçi A, Montaño-Priede JL, Ling XY, Mallada R, Pérez-Juste J, Pina MP, Singamaneni S, Soma VR, Sun M, Tian L, Wang J, Polavarapu L, Santos IP. Plasmonic nanoparticle sensors: current progress, challenges, and future prospects. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39240539 PMCID: PMC11378978 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have played a significant role in the evolution of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology in terms of colloidal synthesis, general understanding of nanocrystal growth mechanisms, and their impact in a wide range of applications. They exhibit strong visible colors due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that depends on their size, shape, composition, and the surrounding dielectric environment. Under resonant excitation, the LSPR of plasmonic NPs leads to a strong field enhancement near their surfaces and thus enhances various light-matter interactions. These unique optical properties of plasmonic NPs have been used to design chemical and biological sensors. Over the last few decades, colloidal plasmonic NPs have been greatly exploited in sensing applications through LSPR shifts (colorimetry), surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced fluorescence, and chiroptical activity. Although colloidal plasmonic NPs have emerged at the forefront of nanobiosensors, there are still several important challenges to be addressed for the realization of plasmonic NP-based sensor kits for routine use in daily life. In this comprehensive review, researchers of different disciplines (colloidal and analytical chemistry, biology, physics, and medicine) have joined together to summarize the past, present, and future of plasmonic NP-based sensors in terms of different sensing platforms, understanding of the sensing mechanisms, different chemical and biological analytes, and the expected future technologies. This review is expected to guide the researchers currently working in this field and inspire future generations of scientists to join this compelling research field and its branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kant
- CINBIO, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Reshma Beeram
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Paulo S S Dos Santos
- INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua Dr Alberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel García-Lojo
- CINBIO, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Younju Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Siddhant Kothadiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Marta Lafuente
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Campus Rio Ebro, C/Maria de Luna s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yong Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yuxiong Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sree Satya Bharati Moram
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sanje Mahasivam
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sonia Maniappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, India
| | - Daniel Quesada-González
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Divakar Raj
- Department of Allied Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Pabudi Weerathunge
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Luis C C Coelho
- INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua Dr Alberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M M M de Almeida
- INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua Dr Alberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sergio Gómez-Graña
- CINBIO, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia San-Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pablo Herves
- CINBIO, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jatish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, India
| | - Theobald Lohmueller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - José Luis Montaño-Priede
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia San-Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Reyes Mallada
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Campus Rio Ebro, C/Maria de Luna s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - María P Pina
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Campus Rio Ebro, C/Maria de Luna s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Ji DD, Wu MX, Ding SN. Photonic crystal barcodes assembled from dendritic silica nanoparticles for the multiplex immunoassays of ovarian cancer biomarkers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:298-305. [PMID: 34985054 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined detection of CA125, CEA and AFP is of great significance in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes have apparent advantages in multiplex immunoassays of ovarian cancer markers. In this paper, a novel PhC barcode was assembled from dendritic silica nanoparticles (dSiO2) for multiplex detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers. The interconnected macroporous structure of the dSiO2 PhC beads and the open porous topography of dendritic silica particles could increase the surface area to volume ratio for antibody immobilization. We simultaneously detected multiple ovarian cancer markers in one test tube using the sandwich immunization method by utilizing dSiO2 PhC beads as a barcode and CdTe QDs as a detection signal. The detection limits of the three ovarian cancer markers, AFP, CEA and CA125, were 0.52 ng mL-1, 0.64 ng mL-1 and 0.79 U mL-1, respectively (the signal-to-noise ratio was 3). Compared with the classic silica colloidal crystal bead (SCCB) suspension array, the sensitivity of the dSiO2 PhC bead suspension array was increased. In addition, the results showed that this barcode suspension array had acceptable accuracy and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Mei-Xia Wu
- Lianshui People's Hospital, Jiangsu 223400, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Gao JJ, Chiu CW, Wen KH, Huang CS. A Compact Detection Platform Based on Gradient Guided-Mode Resonance for Colorimetric and Fluorescence Liquid Assay Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082797. [PMID: 33921116 PMCID: PMC8071489 DOI: 10.3390/s21082797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a compact spectral detection system for common fluorescent and colorimetric assays. This system includes a gradient grating period guided-mode resonance (GGP-GMR) filter and charge-coupled device. In its current form, the GGP-GMR filter, which has a size of less than 2.5 mm, can achieve a spectral detection range of 500-700 nm. Through the direct measurement of the fluorescence emission, the proposed system was demonstrated to detect both the peak wavelength and its corresponding intensity. One fluorescent assay (albumin) and two colorimetric assays (albumin and creatinine) were performed to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed system for quantifying common liquid assays. The results of our system exhibited suitable agreement with those of a commercial spectrometer in terms of the assay sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD). With the proposed system, the fluorescent albumin, colorimetric albumin, and colorimetric creatinine assays achieved LODs of 40.99 and 398 and 25.49 mg/L, respectively. For a wide selection of biomolecules in point-of-care applications, the spectral detection range achieved by the GGP-GMR filter can be further extended and the simple and compact optical path configuration can be integrated with a lab-on-a-chip system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jhong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (J.-J.G.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Ching-Wei Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (J.-J.G.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Kuo-Hsing Wen
- Degree Program of Automation and Precision Engineering, College of Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Sheng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (J.-J.G.); (C.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-5712121-55108
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5
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Chakkarapani SK, Lee S, Park B, Seo HY, Kang SH. Plasmon-Amplified Endogenous Fluorescence Nanospectroscopic Sensor Based on Inherent Elastic Scattering for Ultratrace Ratiometric Detection of Capsaicinoids. ACS Sens 2019; 4:953-960. [PMID: 30844242 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous fluorescence imaging techniques are key for modern single-molecule quantification without the use of additional labeling probes. However, the drawback of weak fluorescence signal is the primary challenge in meeting the ever-increasing demands of single-molecule detection. Here, we report a simple and reliable method that provides up to ∼100-fold uniform fluorescence enhancement of endogenous fluorescence of the capsaicinoid molecule. The method is based on a single nanoparticle plasmon-amplified endogenous fluorescence nanospectroscopic sensor (PAEFS). This work demonstrated the applicability of PAEFS in refining sensitivity at the single-molecule level by showing ultralow limits of detection (106 times lower than previous reports) of fluorescence-based capsaicinoids with a wide range of linear response (18 zM to 85 pM). Spectrally overlapped capsaicinoid analogues were quantified ratiometrically to detect the analogue percentages in real samples. The novel endogenous fluorescence enhancement approach presented here represents a universal sensor for enhanced detection of single molecules using existing techniques without altering the original molecular features or using add-on labeling probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Chakkarapani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeon Park
- World Institute of Kimchi, Kimchiro 86, Namgu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Seo
- World Institute of Kimchi, Kimchiro 86, Namgu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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Walper SA, Lasarte Aragonés G, Sapsford KE, Brown CW, Rowland CE, Breger JC, Medintz IL. Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1894-2024. [PMID: 30080029 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a fundamental understanding of the pathogenicity of most biothreat agents has been elucidated and available treatments have increased substantially over the past decades, they still represent a significant public health threat in this age of (bio)terrorism, indiscriminate warfare, pollution, climate change, unchecked population growth, and globalization. The key step to almost all prevention, protection, prophylaxis, post-exposure treatment, and mitigation of any bioagent is early detection. Here, we review available methods for detecting bioagents including pathogenic bacteria and viruses along with their toxins. An introduction placing this subject in the historical context of previous naturally occurring outbreaks and efforts to weaponize selected agents is first provided along with definitions and relevant considerations. An overview of the detection technologies that find use in this endeavor along with how they provide data or transduce signal within a sensing configuration follows. Current "gold" standards for biothreat detection/diagnostics along with a listing of relevant FDA approved in vitro diagnostic devices is then discussed to provide an overview of the current state of the art. Given the 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus in Western Africa and the recent 2016 spread of Zika virus in the Americas, discussion of what constitutes a public health emergency and how new in vitro diagnostic devices are authorized for emergency use in the U.S. are also included. The majority of the Review is then subdivided around the sensing of bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreats with each including an overview of the major agents in that class, a detailed cross-section of different sensing methods in development based on assay format or analytical technique, and some discussion of related microfluidic lab-on-a-chip/point-of-care devices. Finally, an outlook is given on how this field will develop from the perspective of the biosensing technology itself and the new emerging threats they may face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Guillermo Lasarte Aragonés
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Kim E. Sapsford
- OMPT/CDRH/OIR/DMD Bacterial Respiratory and Medical Countermeasures Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Carl W. Brown
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Clare E. Rowland
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
| | - Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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Luan J, Morrissey JJ, Wang Z, Derami HG, Liu KK, Cao S, Jiang Q, Wang C, Kharasch ED, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Add-on plasmonic patch as a universal fluorescence enhancer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:29. [PMID: 30839611 PMCID: PMC6107004 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based techniques are the cornerstone of modern biomedical optics, with applications ranging from bioimaging at various scales (organelle to organism) to detection and quantification of a wide variety of biological species of interest. However, the weakness of the fluorescence signal remains a persistent challenge in meeting the ever-increasing demand to image, detect, and quantify biological species with low abundance. Here, we report a simple and universal method based on a flexible and conformal elastomeric film with adsorbed plasmonic nanostructures, which we term a "plasmonic patch," that provides large (up to 100-fold) and uniform fluorescence enhancement on a variety of surfaces through simple transfer of the plasmonic patch to the surface. We demonstrate the applications of the plasmonic patch in improving the sensitivity and limit of detection (by more than 100 times) of fluorescence-based immunoassays implemented in microtiter plates and in microarray format. The novel fluorescence enhancement approach presented here represents a disease, biomarker, and application agnostic ubiquitously applicable fundamental and enabling technology to immediately improve the sensitivity of existing analytical methodologies in an easy-to-handle and cost-effective manner, without changing the original procedures of the existing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Hamed Gholami Derami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Dong J, Salem DP, Sun JH, Strano MS. Analysis of Multiplexed Nanosensor Arrays Based on Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3769-3779. [PMID: 29614219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high-throughput, label-free detection of biomolecules remains an important challenge in analytical chemistry with the potential of nanosensors to significantly increase the ability to multiplex such assays. In this work, we develop an optical sensor array, printable from a single-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan ink and functionalized to enable a divalent ion-based proximity quenching mechanism for transducing binding between a capture protein or an antibody with the target analyte. Arrays of 5 × 6, 200 μm near-infrared (nIR) spots at a density of ≈300 spots/cm2 are conjugated with immunoglobulin-binding proteins (proteins A, G, and L) for the detection of human IgG, mouse IgM, rat IgG2a, and human IgD. Binding kinetics are measured in a parallel, multiplexed fashion from each sensor spot using a custom laser scanning imaging configuration with an nIR photomultiplier tube detector. These arrays are used to examine cross-reactivity, competitive and nonspecific binding of analyte mixtures. We find that protein G and protein L functionalized sensors report selective responses to mouse IgM on the latter, as anticipated. Optically addressable platforms such as the one examined in this work have potential to significantly advance the real-time, multiplexed biomolecular detection of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel P Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jessica H Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Huang W, Whittaker K, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu SW, Huang RP. Integration of Antibody Array Technology into Drug Discovery and Development. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:74-95. [PMID: 29394094 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian Wu
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- Raybiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China
- RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia
- South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Sahab ZJ, Semaan SM, Sang QXA. Methodology and Applications of Disease Biomarker Identification in Human Serum. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are biomolecules that serve as indicators of biological and pathological processes, or physiological and pharmacological responses to a drug treatment. Because of the high abundance of albumin and heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins and glycoproteins, biomarkers are difficult to identify in human serum. Due to the clinical significance the identification of disease biomarkers in serum holds great promise for personalized medicine, especially for disease diagnosis and prognosis. This review summarizes some common and emerging proteomics techniques utilized in the separation of serum samples and identification of disease signatures. The practical application of each protein separation or identification technique is analyzed using specific examples. Biomarkers of cancers of prostate, breast, ovary, and lung in human serum have been reviewed, as well as those of heart disease, arthritis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Despite the advancement of technology few biomarkers have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for disease diagnosis and prognosis due to the complexity of structure and function of protein biomarkers and lack of high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility for those putative biomarkers. The combination of different types of technologies and statistical analysis may provide more effective methods to identify and validate new disease biomarkers in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad J. Sahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, U.S.A
| | - Suzan M. Semaan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, U.S.A
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, U.S.A
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11
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Jawad ZAR, Theodorou IG, Jiao LR, Xie F. Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Detection of the Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker CA 19-9. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14309. [PMID: 29085011 PMCID: PMC5662715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic gold (Au) nanotriangular arrays, functionalized with a near infrared (NIR) fluorophore-conjugated immunoassay to Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a pancreatic cancer biomarker, produce optically tunable substrates with two orders of magnitude fluorescence enhancement. Through nanoscale morphological control, the sensitivities of the plasmonic nanotriangular arrays are controllable, paving the way of such optical platforms for multiplexing. Here, we report a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.7 × 10-7 U.mL-1 for CA 19-9 by using such tunable Au nanotriangular arrays, a great improvement compared to commercially available CA 19-9 immunoassays. The linear dynamic range was from 1 × 10-6 U.mL-1 to 1 U.mL-1, i.e. up to six orders of magnitude. Moreover, high specificity was demonstrated, together with successful validation in serum samples. Their superior tunable sensitivity, along with efforts to combine CA 19-9 with other biomarkers for improved accuracy, open up the possibility for multiplexed NIR-fluorescence enhancement microarrays, for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab A R Jawad
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, SW12 0HS, London, UK
| | - Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Long R Jiao
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, SW12 0HS, London, UK
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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12
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Tuo J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Xu Z, Liu S, Sui G. Analysis of PM 2.5-induced cytotoxicity in human HaCaT cells based on a microfluidic system. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:1-8. [PMID: 28431925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to PM2.5 causes several adverse health effects. Skin is the first barrier against harmful environmental substances and can directly contact with PM2.5, but there is no study about PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in human skin cells on the molecular level partially due to the shortcomings of traditional research methods. In present study, we established a microfluidic system including a cell culture chip integrated with a high-throughput protein microarray chip to investigate the mechanism of PM2.5-mediated cytotoxicity in human HaCaT cells. We found that PM2.5 was lodged inside the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus of HaCaT cells by TEM. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the cell apoptosis rate increased from 0.49% to 53.4%. The results of protein microarray showed that NF-κB and NALP3 signal transductions were activated in HaCaT cells after PM2.5 stimulations, up-regulating the expression of IL-1β and IL-6, which resulted in inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. Our findings provide a molecular insight into PM2.5-induced skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jiang Tuo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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13
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Protein Array-based Approaches for Biomarker Discovery in Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2017; 15:73-81. [PMID: 28392481 PMCID: PMC5414965 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are deemed to be potential tools in early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prognosis evaluation for cancer, with simplicity as well as economic advantages compared with computed tomography and biopsy. However, most of the current cancer biomarkers present insufficient sensitivity as well as specificity. Therefore, there is urgent requirement for the discovery of biomarkers for cancer. As one of the most exciting emerging technologies, protein array provides a versatile and robust platform in cancer proteomics research because it shows tremendous advantages of miniaturized features, high throughput, and sensitive detections in last decades. Here, we will present a relatively complete picture on the characteristics and advance of different types of protein arrays in application for biomarker discovery in cancer, and give the future perspectives in this area of research.
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14
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Laocharoensuk R. Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors towards Point-of-care Cancer Diagnostics: Clinically Relevant Studies. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawiwan Laocharoensuk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC); National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA); Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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15
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Zheng W, van den Hurk R, Cao Y, Du R, Sun X, Wang Y, McDermott MT, Evoy S. Aryl Diazonium Chemistry for the Surface Functionalization of Glassy Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2016; 6:E8. [PMID: 26985910 PMCID: PMC4810400 DOI: 10.3390/bios6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanostring resonator and fiber-optics-based biosensors are of interest as they offer high sensitivity, real-time measurements and the ability to integrate with electronics. However, these devices are somewhat impaired by issues related to surface modification. Both nanostring resonators and photonic sensors employ glassy materials, which are incompatible with electrochemistry. A surface chemistry approach providing strong and stable adhesion to glassy surfaces is thus required. In this work, a diazonium salt induced aryl film grafting process is employed to modify a novel SiCN glassy material. Sandwich rabbit IgG binding assays are performed on the diazonium treated SiCN surfaces. Fluorescently labelled anti-rabbit IgG and anti-rabbit IgG conjugated gold nanoparticles were used as markers to demonstrate the absorption of anti-rabbit IgG and therefore verify the successful grafting of the aryl film. The results of the experiments support the effectiveness of diazonium chemistry for the surface functionalization of SiCN surfaces. This method is applicable to other types of glassy materials and potentially can be expanded to various nanomechanical and optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Remko van den Hurk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Rongbing Du
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Mark T McDermott
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Stephane Evoy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
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16
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Scoville DK, White CC, Botta D, McConnachie LA, Zadworny ME, Schmuck SC, Hu X, Gao X, Yu J, Dills RL, Sheppard L, Delaney MA, Griffith WC, Beyer RP, Zangar RC, Pounds JG, Faustman EM, Kavanagh TJ. Susceptibility to quantum dot induced lung inflammation differs widely among the Collaborative Cross founder mouse strains. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:240-50. [PMID: 26476918 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are engineered semiconductor nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties that make them potentially useful in clinical, research and industrial settings. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that like other engineered nanomaterials, QDs have the potential to be respiratory hazards, especially in the context of the manufacture of QDs and products containing them, as well as exposures to consumers using these products. The overall goal of this study was to investigate the role of mouse strain in determining susceptibility to QD-induced pulmonary inflammation and toxicity. Male mice from 8 genetically diverse inbred strains (the Collaborative Cross founder strains) were exposed to CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs stabilized with an amphiphilic polymer. QD treatment resulted in significant increases in the percentage of neutrophils and levels of cytokines present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from NOD/ShiLtJ and NZO/HlLtJ mice relative to their saline (Sal) treated controls. Cadmium measurements in lung tissue indicated strain-dependent differences in disposition of QDs in the lung. Total glutathione levels in lung tissue were significantly correlated with percent neutrophils in BALF as well as with lung tissue Cd levels. Our findings indicate that QD-induced acute lung inflammation is mouse strain dependent, that it is heritable, and that the choice of mouse strain is an important consideration in planning QD toxicity studies. These data also suggest that formal genetic analyses using additional strains or recombinant inbred strains from these mice could be useful for discovering potential QD-induced inflammation susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Scoville
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Collin C White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dianne Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa A McConnachie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megan E Zadworny
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stefanie C Schmuck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Russell L Dills
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William C Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard C Zangar
- Systems Toxicology Group - Division of Biological Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Joel G Pounds
- Systems Toxicology Group - Division of Biological Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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17
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Hu B, Niu X, Cheng L, Yang LN, Li Q, Wang Y, Tao SC, Zhou SM. Discovering cancer biomarkers from clinical samples by protein microarrays. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:98-110. [PMID: 25523829 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers are of potential use in early cancer diagnosis, anticancer therapy development, and monitoring the responses to treatments. Protein-based cancer biomarkers are major forms in use, as they are much easier to be monitored in body fluids or tissues. For cancer biomarker discovery, high-throughput techniques such as protein microarrays hold great promises, because they are capable of global unbiased monitoring but with a miniaturized format. In doing so, novel and cancer type specific biomarkers can be systematically discovered at an affordable cost. In this review, we give a relatively complete picture on protein microarrays applied to clinical samples for cancer biomarker discovery, and conclude this review with the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Institute for Microsurgery of Limbs, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Abstract
All of life is regulated by complex and organized chemical reactions that help dictate when to grow, to move, to reproduce, and to die. When these processes go awry, or are interrupted by pathological agents, diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, or infections can result. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adipokines, and other chemical moieties make up a vast subset of these chemical reactions that are altered in disease states, and monitoring changes in these molecules could provide for the identification of disease biomarkers. From the first identification of carcinoembryonic antigen, to the discovery of prostate-specific antigen, to numerous others described within, biomarkers of disease are detectable in a plethora of sample types. The growing number of biomarkers for infection, autoimmunity, and cancer allow for increasingly early detection, to identification of novel drug targets, to prognostic indicators of disease outcome. However, more and more studies are finding that a single cytokine or growth factor is insufficient as a true disease biomarker and that a more global perspective is needed to understand true disease biology. Such a broad view requires a multiplexed platform for chemical detection, and antibody arrays meet and exceed this need by performing this detection in a high-throughput fashion. Herein, we will discuss how antibody arrays have evolved, and how they have helped direct new drug target design, helped identify therapeutic disease markers, and helped in earlier disease detection. From asthma to renal disease, and neurological dysfunction to immunologic disorders, antibody arrays afford a bright future for new biomarkers discovery.
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19
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Hu W, Liu Y, Chen T, Liu Y, Li CM. Hybrid ZnO nanorod-polymer brush hierarchically nanostructured substrate for sensitive antibody microarrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:181-185. [PMID: 25366876 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchically nanostructured organic-inorganic hybrid substrate comprising randomly oriented ZnO nanorods on glass slide with coaxially tethered dense polymer brush, POEGMA-co-GMA is reported for highly sensitive antibody microassay, achieving excellent detection specificity, and superior detection limit of as low as 100 fg mL(-1) for biomarkers in human serum within a 1 h assay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Hu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid diagnosis of Fatal Diseases, Chongqing, 400715, China
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20
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Yang H, Zhang C, Cui S. Expression of hepatocyte growth factor in breast cancer and its effect on prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1037-42. [PMID: 25351134 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in breast cancer and its effect on prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine the expression of HGF in 125 breast cancer patients. The correlation between the expression level of HGF and the effect of preoperative chemotherapy or 5‑year survival rate was then investigated. The human breast cancer cell line, MCF‑7, was transfected with a HGF‑small interfering (si)RNA interference sequence. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to confirm the interference efficiency of HGF‑siRNA. An MTT assay was used to detect the proliferative activity of MCF‑7 cells following silencing of HGF and during co‑culture with epirubicin (EPI) at different concentrations. HGF was highly expressed in breast cancer patients and was not associated with patient age, location, size or hormone receptor status of the tumor (P>0.05), however, HGF expression was associated with tumor‑node‑metastasis (TNM) clinical stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis and prognosis (P<0.05). The efficiency of chemotherapy in HGF negative patients (90%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with HGF positive patients (68.75%). Following successful downregulation of HGF by HGF‑siRNA, the tolerance to EPI decreased in MCF‑7 cells. In conclusion, HGF was highly expressed in breast cancer cells and was closely associated with lymph node metastasis, prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Therefore, HGF may be a potential indicator of the prognosis and effectiveness of chemotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Chongjian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shude Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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21
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Jenko KL, Zhang Y, Kostenko Y, Fan Y, Garcia-Rodriguez C, Lou J, Marks JD, Varnum SM. Development of an ELISA microarray assay for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of ten biodefense toxins. Analyst 2014; 139:5093-102. [PMID: 25112421 PMCID: PMC6540756 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant and microbial toxins are considered bioterrorism threat agents because of their extreme toxicity and/or ease of availability. Additionally, some of these toxins are increasingly responsible for accidental food poisonings. The current study utilized an ELISA-based protein antibody microarray for the multiplexed detection of ten biothreat toxins, botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) A, B, C, D, E, F, ricin, shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx), and staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB), in buffer and complex biological matrices. The multiplexed assay displayed a sensitivity of 1.3 pg mL(-1) (BoNT/A, BoNT/B, SEB, Stx-1 and Stx-2), 3.3 pg mL(-1) (BoNT/C, BoNT/E, BoNT/F) and 8.2 pg mL(-1) (BoNT/D, ricin). All assays demonstrated high accuracy (75-120 percent recovery) and reproducibility (most coefficients of variation <20%). Quantification curves for the ten toxins were also evaluated in clinical samples (serum, plasma, nasal fluid, saliva, stool, and urine) and environmental samples (apple juice, milk and baby food) with overall minimal matrix effects. The multiplex assays were highly specific, with little cross-reactivity observed between the selected toxin antibodies. The results demonstrate a multiplex microarray that improves current immunoassay sensitivity for biological warfare agents in buffer, clinical, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Jenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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22
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Liu Y, Hu W, Lu Z, Li CM. ZnO nanomulberry and its significant nonenzymatic signal enhancement for protein microarray. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7728-7734. [PMID: 24766196 DOI: 10.1021/am501015p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is very challenging to make a highly sensitive protein microarray because of its lack of a universal signal amplification method like PCR used in DNA microarray. The current strategies to improve the sensitivity mainly rely on a unique nanostructured substrate or enzymatically catalyzed signal amplification, of which the former requires a complicated and time-consuming fabrication process while the latter suffers from high cost and poor stability of enzymes as well as downstream biochemical reactions. In this work, an inexpensive ZnO nanomulberry (NMB) decorated glass slide is investigated as a superior substrate to nonenzymatically amplify the signal of protein microarray for sensitive detection, accomplishing a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg mL(-1) and a broad dynamic range of 1 pg mL(-1) to 1 μg mL(-1) to detect an important cancer biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 10% human serum. The excellent performance is attributed to ZnO NMB possessing high-density loading of capture antibody and intrinsic enhancement of fluorescence emission. The substrate preparation is simple without using any expensive equipment and complicated technique while offering advantages of low autofluorescence, versatility for various fluorophores, and excellent compatibility with existing microarray fabrication techniques. Thus, a ZnO NMB based protein microarray holds great promise for developing a low cost, sensitive, and high throughput protein assay platform for broad applications in both fundamental research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University , No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
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23
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Jin H, Daly DS, Marks JR, Zangar RC. Oxidatively modified proteins as plasma biomarkers in breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2014; 13:193-200. [PMID: 23912491 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-130349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are increased in breast tumors. OBJECTIVE We explored whether PTMs on proteins secreted by the breast could be detected in plasma and potentially used for the early detection of breast cancer. METHODS We used a custom ELISA microarray platform to measure 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), glutathione (GSH), nitrotyrosine and halotyrosine adducts in 27 secreted proteins, for a total of 108 candidate biomarkers. Two independent sets of human plasma samples were measured, for a total of 160 samples. The results were analyzed for consistent cancer-associated changes across the two sample sets. Plasma samples for both cases and benign controls were collected at the time of tissue diagnosis after referral from a positive screen (such as mammography). The results from both studies were evaluated using ANOVA and t-tests or receiver operator curves (ROC). RESULTS Levels of GSH-modified ceruloplasmin and HNE-modified PDGF were significantly altered in plasma samples from cancer patients relative to benign controls. Healthy controls, which were only included in the first set of samples, were similar to the benign controls for both of these markers. A combination of three glutathionylated proteins produced the best area under the ROC curve, with a value of 76%. CONCLUSIONS Specific PTMs in individual proteins may be useful for distinguishing between women with breast cancer and those with benign breast disease. These oxidative changes in plasma proteins may reflect redox changes in breast cancer. Additional studies on oxidative modifications in individual proteins are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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24
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Zangar RC, Daly DS, White AM. ELISA microarray technology as a high-throughput system for cancer biomarker validation. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 3:37-44. [PMID: 16445349 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.3.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A large gap currently exists between the ability to discover potential biomarkers and the ability to assess the real value of these proteins for cancer screening. One major challenge in biomarker validation is the inherent variability in biomarker levels. This variability stems from the diversity across the human population and the considerable molecular heterogeneity between individual tumors, even those that originate from a single tissue. An additional challenge with cancer screening is that most cancers are rare in the general population, meaning that assay specificity must be very high. Otherwise, the number of false positives will be much greater than the number of true positives. Due to these challenges associated with biomarker validation, it is necessary to analyze thousands of samples in order to obtain a clear idea of the utility of a screening assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarray technology can simultaneously quantify levels of multiple proteins and, thus, has the potential to accelerate validation of protein biomarkers for clinical use. This review will discuss current ELISA microarray technology and potential advances that could help to achieve the reproducibility and throughput that are required to evaluate cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Zangar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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25
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Nanostructured surfaces and detection instrumentation for photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence. SENSORS 2013; 13:5561-84. [PMID: 23624689 PMCID: PMC3690015 DOI: 10.3390/s130505561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal (PC) surfaces have been demonstrated as a compelling platform for improving the sensitivity of surface-based fluorescent assays used in disease diagnostics and life science research. PCs can be engineered to support optical resonances at specific wavelengths at which strong electromagnetic fields are utilized to enhance the intensity of surface-bound fluorophore excitation. Meanwhile, the leaky resonant modes of PCs can be used to direct emitted photons within a narrow range of angles for more efficient collection by a fluorescence detection system. The multiplicative effects of enhanced excitation combined with enhanced photon extraction combine to provide improved signal-to-noise ratios for detection of fluorescent emitters, which in turn can be used to reduce the limits of detection of low concentration analytes, such as disease biomarker proteins. Fabrication of PCs using inexpensive manufacturing methods and materials that include replica molding on plastic, nano-imprint lithography on quartz substrates result in devices that are practical for single-use disposable applications. In this review, we will describe the motivation for implementing high-sensitivity fluorescence detection in the context of molecular diagnosis and gene expression analysis though the use of PC surfaces. Recent efforts to improve the design and fabrication of PCs and their associated detection instrumentation are summarized, including the use of PCs coupled with Fabry-Perot cavities and external cavity lasers.
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26
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Tilton SC, Waters KM, Karin NJ, Webb-Robertson BJM, Zangar RC, Lee KM, Bigelow DJ, Pounds JG, Corley RA. Diet-induced obesity reprograms the inflammatory response of the murine lung to inhaled endotoxin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:137-48. [PMID: 23306164 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of environmental factors is common in complex human diseases and, as such, understanding the molecular responses involved is essential to determine risk and susceptibility to disease. We have investigated the key biological pathways that define susceptibility for pulmonary infection during obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) and regular weight (RW) C57BL/6 mice exposed to inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced a strong inflammatory response in all mice as indicated by elevated cell counts of macrophages and neutrophils and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (MDC, MIP-1γ, IL-12, RANTES) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, DIO mice exhibited 50% greater macrophage cell counts, but decreased levels of the cytokines, IL-6, TARC, TNF-α, and VEGF relative to RW mice. Microarray analysis of lung tissue showed over half of the LPS-induced expression in DIO mice consisted of genes unique for obese mice, suggesting that obesity reprograms how the lung responds to subsequent insult. In particular, we found that obese animals exposed to LPS have gene signatures showing increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response and decreased antioxidant capacity compared with RW. Because signaling pathways for these responses can be common to various sources of environmentally induced lung damage, we further identified biomarkers that are indicative of specific toxicant exposure by comparing gene signatures after LPS exposure to those from a parallel study with cigarette smoke. These data show obesity may increase sensitivity to further insult and that co-occurrence of environmental stressors result in complex biosignatures that are not predicted from analysis of individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Tilton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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27
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Shabani A, Tabrizian M. Design of a universal biointerface for sensitive, selective, and multiplex detection of biomarkers using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Analyst 2013; 138:6052-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Powers AD, Palecek SP. Protein analytical assays for diagnosing, monitoring, and choosing treatment for cancer patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012; 3:503-534. [PMID: 25147725 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is often hindered by inadequate methods for diagnosing the disease or insufficient predictive capacity regarding therapeutic efficacy. Targeted cancer treatments, including Bcr-Abl and EGFR kinase inhibitors, have increased survival for some cancer patients but are ineffective in other patients. In addition, many patients who initially respond to targeted inhibitor therapy develop resistance during the course of treatment. Molecular analysis of cancer cells has emerged as a means to tailor treatment to particular patients. While DNA analysis can provide important diagnostic information, protein analysis is particularly valuable because proteins are more direct mediators of normal and diseased cellular processes. In this review article, we discuss current and emerging protein assays for improving cancer treatment, including trends toward assay miniaturization and measurement of protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D Powers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
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29
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Zhang Y, Lou J, Jenko KL, Marks JD, Varnum SM. Simultaneous and sensitive detection of six serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based protein antibody microarrays. Anal Biochem 2012; 430:185-92. [PMID: 22935296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, are a group of seven (A-G) immunologically distinct proteins and cause the paralytic disease botulism. These toxins are the most poisonous substances known to humans and are potential bioweapon agents. Therefore, it is necessary to develop highly sensitive assays for the detection of BoNTs in both clinical and environmental samples. In the current study, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based protein antibody microarray for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of BoNT serotypes A, B, C, D, E, and F. With engineered high-affinity antibodies, the BoNT assays have sensitivities in buffer ranging from 1.3fM (0.2pg/ml) to 14.7fM (2.2pg/ml). Using clinical and food matrices (serum and milk), the microarray is capable of detecting BoNT serotypes A to F to similar levels as in standard buffer. Cross-reactivity between assays for individual serotype was also analyzed. These simultaneous, rapid, and sensitive assays have the potential to measure botulinum toxins in a high-throughput manner in complex clinical, food, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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30
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Wang J, Mountziaris TJ. Homogeneous immunoassays based on fluorescence emission intensity variations of zinc selenide quantum dot sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:143-9. [PMID: 22960008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence emission intensity of ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to proteins to form QD-based biomolecular sensors increases significantly upon binding of the sensors to target proteins in solution. This phenomenon enables the development of homogeneous, separation-free immunoassays for rapid quantitative detection of proteins in solution. Proof-of-principle assays were developed by dosing a solution containing a biomolecular target with a solution containing the corresponding QD-based sensor and monitoring the changes in the peak fluorescence emission intensity of the QDs. Direct immunoassays for detecting basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in solution were demonstrated using QD-anti-bFGF and QD-anti-PSA sensors. A competitive immunoassay for detecting human serum albumin (HSA) was also demonstrated by dosing samples containing HSA with QD-HSA sensors and free anti-HSA antibodies. The QD-HSA sensors were tested in 1000× diluted human serum and found to be unaffected by interference from other proteins. The lower limit of detection of the assays was equal to the lowest sensor concentration in the solution that can be unambiguously detected, typically less than 1 nM. The dynamic range of the assays was determined by identifying the sensor concentration above which optical interference between QDs affected adversely the observed fluorescence emission intensity. The upper limit of this concentration was 2.5 μM for 4 nm QDs. The ZnSe QD-based sensors were stable and preserved ~80% of their initial peak emission intensity after two months in refrigerated storage. These biosensors have potential applications in rapid sensing of target proteins for emergency and point-of-care diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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31
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Jin H, Zangar RC. High-throughput, multiplexed analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine in individual proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 17:Unit 17.15. [PMID: 22511115 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1715s51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress and can result in protein modifications. As such, these protein modifications are used as biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, modifications in single-tissue-associated proteins released into blood can provide insight into the tissue localization of the inflammation or oxidative stress. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody microarray platform to analyze the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in specific proteins in a variety of biological samples, including human plasma and sputum. Selective-capture antibodies are used to immunoprecipitate individual proteins from samples onto isolated spots on the microarray chips. Then, a monoclonal antibody for 3-nitrotyrosine is used to detect the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine on each spot. Our studies suggest that this approach can be used to detect trace amounts of 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma and sputum. In this paper, we describe our antibody microarray protocol for detecting 3-nitrotyrosine in specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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32
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Cunningham BT, Zangar RC. Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence for early breast cancer biomarker detection. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:617-28. [PMID: 22736539 PMCID: PMC3844005 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal surfaces offer a compelling platform for improving the sensitivity of surface-based fluorescent assays used in disease diagnostics. Through the complementary processes of photonic crystal enhanced excitation and enhanced extraction, a periodic dielectric-based nanostructured surface can simultaneously increase the electric field intensity experienced by surface-bound fluorophores and increase the collection efficiency of emitted fluorescent photons. Through the ability to inexpensively fabricate photonic crystal surfaces over substantial surface areas, they are amenable to single-use applications in biological sensing, such as disease biomarker detection in serum. In this review, we will describe the motivation for implementing high-sensitivity, multiplexed biomarker detection in the context of breast cancer diagnosis. We will summarize recent efforts to improve the detection limits of such assays though the use of photonic crystal surfaces. Reduction of detection limits is driven by low autofluorescent substrates for photonic crystal fabrication, and detection instruments that take advantage of their unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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33
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Gallotta A, Orzes E, Fassina G. Biomarkers Quantification with Antibody Arrays in Cancer Early Detection. Clin Lab Med 2012; 32:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Huang CS, Chaudhery V, Pokhriyal A, George S, Polans J, Lu M, Tan R, Zangar RC, Cunningham BT. Multiplexed cancer biomarker detection using quartz-based photonic crystal surfaces. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1126-33. [PMID: 22148758 PMCID: PMC3264776 DOI: 10.1021/ac202817q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A photonic crystal (PC) surface is demonstrated as a high-sensitivity platform for detection of a panel of 21 cancer biomarker antigens using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarray format. A quartz-based PC structure fabricated by nanoimprint lithography, selected for its low autofluorescence, supports two independent optical resonances that simultaneously enable enhancement of fluorescence detection of biomarkers and label-free quantification of the density of antibody capture spots. A detection instrument is demonstrated that supports fluorescence and label-free imaging modalities, with the ability to optimize the fluorescence enhancement factor on a pixel-by-pixel basis throughout the microarray using an angle-scanning approach for the excitation laser that automatically compensates for variability in surface chemistry density and capture spot density. Measurements show that the angle-scanning illumination approach reduces the coefficient of variation of replicate assays by 20-99% compared to ordinary fluorescence microscopy, thus supporting reduction in limits of detectable biomarker concentration. Using the PC resonance, biomarkers in mixed samples were detectable at the lowest concentrations tested (2.1-41 pg/mL), resulting in a three-log range of quantitative detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Sheng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vikram Chaudhery
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anusha Pokhriyal
- Department of Physics, 1110 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sherine George
- Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - James Polans
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- SRU Biosystems, Inc., 14-A Gill Street, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Ruimin Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Richard C. Zangar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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35
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Baird CL, Tan R, Fischer CJ, Victry KD, Zangar RC, Rodland KD. Reducing heterophilic antibody interference in immunoassays using single-chain antibodies. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:333-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Chaudhery V, Huang CS, Pokhriyal A, Polans J, Cunningham BT. Spatially selective photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence and application to background reduction for biomolecule detection assays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:23327-40. [PMID: 22109210 PMCID: PMC3482899 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.023327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
By combining photonic crystal label-free biosensor imaging with photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence, it is possible to selectively enhance the fluorescence emission from regions of the PC surface based upon the density of immobilized capture molecules. A label-free image of the capture molecules enables determination of optimal coupling conditions of the laser used for fluorescence imaging of the photonic crystal surface on a pixel-by-pixel basis, allowing maximization of fluorescence enhancement factor from regions incorporating a biomolecule capture spot and minimization of background autofluorescence from areas between capture spots. This capability significantly improves the contrast of enhanced fluorescent images, and when applied to an antibody protein microarray, provides a substantial advantage over conventional fluorescence microscopy. Using the new approach, we demonstrate detection limits as low as 0.97 pg/ml for a representative protein biomarker in buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Chaudhery
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Cheng-Sheng Huang
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Anusha Pokhriyal
- Dept. of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - James Polans
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA
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37
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Tabakman SM, Lau L, Robinson JT, Price J, Sherlock SP, Wang H, Zhang B, Chen Z, Tangsombatvisit S, Jarrell JA, Utz PJ, Dai H. Plasmonic substrates for multiplexed protein microarrays with femtomolar sensitivity and broad dynamic range. Nat Commun 2011; 2:466. [PMID: 21915108 PMCID: PMC3402035 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein chips are widely used for high-throughput proteomic analysis, but to date, the low sensitivity and narrow dynamic range have limited their capabilities in diagnostics and proteomics. Here we present protein microarrays on a novel nanostructured, plasmonic gold film with near-infrared fluorescence enhancement of up to 100-fold, extending the dynamic range of protein detection by three orders of magnitude towards the fM regime. We employ plasmonic protein microarrays for the early detection of a cancer biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen, in the sera of mice bearing a xenograft tumour model. Further, we demonstrate a multiplexed autoantigen array for human autoantibodies implicated in a range of autoimmune diseases with superior signal-to-noise ratios and broader dynamic range compared with commercial nitrocellulose and glass substrates. The high sensitivity, broad dynamic range and easy adaptability of plasmonic protein chips presents new opportunities in proteomic research and diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Tabakman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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38
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State of the art in tumor antigen and biomarker discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2554-96. [PMID: 24212823 PMCID: PMC3757432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of tumor immunology has resulted in multiple approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, a gap between research of new tumors markers and development of immunotherapy has been established and very few markers exist that can be used for treatment. The challenge is now to discover new targets for active and passive immunotherapy. This review aims at describing recent advances in biomarkers and tumor antigen discovery in terms of antigen nature and localization, and is highlighting the most recent approaches used for their discovery including “omics” technology.
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39
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Liu Y, Guo CX, Hu W, Lu Z, Li CM. Sensitive protein microarray synergistically amplified by polymer brush-enhanced immobilizations of both probe and reporter. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:593-9. [PMID: 21640998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Great challenge remains to continuously improve sensitivity of protein microarrays for broad applications. A copolymer brush is in situ synthesized on both substrate and silica nanoparticle (SNP) surface to efficiently immobilize probe and reporter protein respectively for synergistic amplification of protein microarray signals. As a demonstration, sandwich immunoassay for a cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection is performed on microarray platform, showing a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 pg/ml and dynamic range of 10 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml. Two orders improvement of LOD is achieved in comparison to the small crosslinker-activated substrate. The improved sensitivity is attributed to not only the high immobilization amount of both probe and reporter but also the favorite protein binding orientations offered by the flexible brushes. This work provides a universal approach to inexpensively and significantly improve protein microarray sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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40
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Hu W, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhou X, Li CM. ZnO nanorods-enhanced fluorescence for sensitive microarray detection of cancers in serum without additional reporter-amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3683-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Huang CS, George S, Lu M, Chaudhery V, Tan R, Zangar RC, Cunningham BT. Application of photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence to cancer biomarker microarrays. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1425-30. [PMID: 21250635 PMCID: PMC3039034 DOI: 10.1021/ac102989n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of photonic crystal surfaces as a high-sensitivity platform for detection of a panel of cancer biomarkers in a protein microarray format. The photonic crystal surface is designed to provide an optical resonance at the excitation wavelength of cyanine-5 (Cy5), thus providing an increase in fluorescent intensity for Cy5-labeled analytes measured with a confocal microarray scanner, compared to a glass surface. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is undertaken on a microarray platform to undertake a simultaneous, multiplex analysis of 24 antigens on a single chip. Our results show that the resonant excitation effect increases the signal-to-noise ratio by 3.8- to 6.6-fold, resulting in a decrease in detection limits of 6-89%, with the exact enhancement dependent upon the antibody-antigen interaction. Dose-response characterization of the photonic crystal antibody microarrays shows the capability to detect common cancer biomarkers in the <2 pg/mL concentration range within a mixed sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Sheng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sherine George
- Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- SRU Biosystems, Inc., 14-A Gill Street, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Vikram Chaudhery
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ruimin Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Richard C. Zangar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 W Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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42
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Teeguarden JG, Webb-Robertson BJ, Waters KM, Murray AR, Kisin ER, Varnum SM, Jacobs JM, Pounds JG, Zanger RC, Shvedova AA. Comparative proteomics and pulmonary toxicity of instilled single-walled carbon nanotubes, crocidolite asbestos, and ultrafine carbon black in mice. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120:123-35. [PMID: 21135415 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reflecting their exceptional potential to advance a range of biomedical, aeronautic, and other industrial products, carbon nanotube (CNT) production and the potential for human exposure to aerosolized CNTs are increasing. CNTs have toxicologically significant structural and chemical similarities to asbestos (AB) and have repeatedly been shown to cause pulmonary inflammation, granuloma formation, and fibrosis after inhalation/instillation/aspiration exposure in rodents, a pattern of effects similar to those observed following exposure to AB. To determine the degree to which responses to single-walled CNTs (SWCNT) and AB are similar or different, the pulmonary response of C57BL/6 mice to repeated exposures to SWCNTs, crocidolite AB, and ultrafine carbon black (UFCB) were compared using high-throughput global high performance liquid chromatography fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (HPLC-FTICR-MS) proteomics, histopathology, and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine analyses. Mice were exposed to material suspensions (40 micrograms per mouse) twice a week for 3 weeks by pharyngeal aspiration. Histologically, the incidence and severity of inflammatory and fibrotic responses were greatest in mice treated with SWCNTs. SWCNT treatment affected the greatest changes in abundance of identified lung tissue proteins. The trend in number of proteins affected (SWCNT [376] > AB [231] > UFCB [184]) followed the potency of these materials in three biochemical assays of inflammation (cytokines). SWCNT treatment uniquely affected the abundance of 109 proteins, but these proteins largely represent cellular processes affected by AB treatment as well, further evidence of broad similarity in the tissue-level response to AB and SWCNTs. Two high-sensitivity markers of inflammation, one (S100a9) observed in humans exposed to AB, were found and may be promising biomarkers of human response to SWCNT exposure.
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43
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Yao J, Schachermeyer S, Yin Y, Zhong W. Cation exchange in ZnSe nanocrystals for signal amplification in bioassays. Anal Chem 2010; 83:402-8. [PMID: 21117624 DOI: 10.1021/ac102688s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs), possessing low native luminescence but high biocompatibility, were employed as labeling tags in bioassays. They were able to amplify each target recognition event thousands of times through a cation-exchange reaction (CXAmp) that released over 3000 encapsulated Zn(2+) from one single NC. The freed cations in turn triggered strong fluorescence from the Zn-responsive dyes. The present study demonstrated that CXAmp with ZnSe delivered superior detection performance in comparison to the conventional labeling methods. The overall fluorescence intensity of CXAmp using 5 nM ZnSe NCs was 30 times higher than that from 5 nM core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The limit of detection (LOD) obtained with ZnSe-based CXAmp was 10-fold lower than with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling, and the detection sensitivity, represented by the slope of the signal-versus-concentration curve, was 20-fold higher. When applied to detect immunoglobulin E (IgE) in a sandwich format, a LOD of 1 ng/mL was achieved. The highly sensitive CXAmp also allowed detection of the total IgE content in dilute human serum, in which the abundant matrix proteins exhibited less interference and more accurate quantification could be performed. Besides high signal amplification efficiency and good biocompatibility, CXAmp with ZnSe could be easily adapted to common laboratory settings and act as a universal labeling system for reliable detection of low-abundance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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44
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Fu G, Song XC, Yang X, Peng T, Wang Y, Zhou GW. Protein subcellular localization profiling of breast cancer cells by dissociable antibody microarray staining. Proteomics 2010; 10:1536-44. [PMID: 20127686 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed dissociable antibody microarray (DAMA) staining technology that provides a new approach to the global analysis of protein subcellular localization (SCL) in fixed cells. We have developed and optimized this technology for protein SCL profiling, generated ChipView, a program for management and analysis of molecular image database, and utilized the technique to identify proteins with unique SCL in breast cancer cell lines. We compared the SCL profiles of 325 proteins among nine different breast cell lines, and have identified one protein, Cyclin B1, with distinctively different SCLs between normal and cancer cell lines. With classic individual immunostaining, Cyclin B1 was confirmed to localize to the cytoplasm of seven breast cancer cell lines and in both cytoplasm and nuclei of two normal breast cell lines, and to have higher expression levels in the cancer cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyuan Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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45
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Cunningham BT. Photonic Crystal Surfaces as a General Purpose Platform for Label-Free and Fluorescent Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:120-135. [PMID: 20383277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photonic crystal surfaces can be designed to provide a wide range of functions that are used to perform biochemical and cell-based assays. Detection of the optical resonant reflections from photonic crystal surfaces enables high sensitivity label-free biosensing, while the enhanced electromagnetic fields that occur at resonant wavelengths can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of any surface-based fluorescence assay. Fabrication of photonic crystals from inexpensive plastic materials over large surface areas enables them to be incorporated into standard formats that include microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic channels. This report reviews the design of photonic crystal biosensors, their associated detection instrumentation, and biological applications. Applications including small molecule high throughput screening, cell membrane integrin activation, gene expression analysis, and protein biomarker detection are highlighted. Recent results in which photonic crystal surfaces are used for enhancing the detection of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and the development of high resolution photonic crystal-based laser biosensors are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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46
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Protéomique et cancer du sein : à la recherche de nouveaux biomarqueurs diagnostiques et théragnostiques. Bull Cancer 2010; 97:321-39. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2010.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Hu M, Yan J, He Y, Lu H, Weng L, Song S, Fan C, Wang L. Ultrasensitive, multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers directly in serum by using a quantum dot-based microfluidic protein chip. ACS NANO 2010; 4:488-94. [PMID: 20041634 DOI: 10.1021/nn901404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection for cancer biomarkers are critical in cancer clinical diagnostics. Here we developed a microfluidic protein chip for an ultrasensitive and multiplexed assay of cancer biomarkers. Aqueous-phase-synthesized CdTe/CdS quantum dots (aqQDs) were employed as fluorescent signal amplifiers to improve the detection sensitivity. Secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse IgG) were conjugated to luminescent CdTe/CdS QDs to realize a versatile fluorescent probe that could be used for multiplexed detection in both sandwich and reverse phase immunoassays. We found that our microfluidic protein chip not only possessed ultrahigh femtomolar sensitivity for cancer biomarkers, but was selective enough to be directly used in serum. This protein chip thus combines the high-throughput capabilities of a microfluidic network with the high sensitivity and multicolor imaging ability offered by highly fluorescent QDs, which can become a promising diagnostic tool in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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48
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Xie S, Moya C, Bilgin B, Jayaraman A, Walton SP. Emerging affinity-based techniques in proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 6:573-83. [PMID: 19811078 DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteomes of interest, such as the human proteome, have such complexity that no single technique is adequate for the complete analysis of the constituents. Depending on the goal (e.g., identification of a novel protein vs measurement of the level of a known protein), the tools required can vary significantly. While existing methods provide valuable information, their limitations drive the development of complementary, innovative methods to achieve greater breadth of coverage, dynamic range or specificity of analysis. We will discuss affinity-based methods and their applications, focusing on their unique advantages. In addition, we will describe emerging methods with potential value to proteomics, as well as the challenges that remain for proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
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49
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Mathias PC, Ganesh N, Cunningham BT. Photonic crystal enhanced cytokine immunoassay. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:1036-8. [PMID: 19965133 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5335100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photonic crystal surfaces are demonstrated as a means for enhancing the detection sensitivity and resolution for assays that use a fluorescent tag to quantify the concentration of an analyte protein molecule in a liquid test sample. Computer modeling of the spatial distribution of resonantly coupled electromagnetic fields on the photonic crystal surface are used to estimate the magnitude of enhancement factor compared to performing the same fluorescent assay on a plain glass surface, and the photonic crystal structure is fabricated and tested to experimentally verify the performance using a sandwich immunoassay for the protein Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The demonstrated photonic crystal fabrication method utilizes a nanoreplica molding technique that allows for large-area inexpensive fabrication of the structure in a format that is compatible with confocal microarray laser scanners. The signal-to-noise ratio for fluorescent spots on the photonic crystal is increased by at least five-fold relative to the glass slide, allowing a TNF-alpha concentration of 1.6 pg/ml to be distinguished from noise on a photonic crystal surface. In addition, the minimum quantitative limit of detection on the photonic crystal surface is one-third the limit on the glass slide - a decrease from 18 pg/ml to 6 pg/ml. The increased performance of the immunoassay allows for more accurate quantitation of physiologically relevant concentrations of TNF-alpha in a protein microarray format that can be expanded to multiple cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Mathias
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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50
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Abstract
A variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are known to be altered as a result of cancer development. Thus, these PTMs are potentially useful biomarkers for breast cancer. Mass spectrometry, antibody microarrays and immunohistochemistry techniques have shown promise for identifying changes in PTMs. In this review, we summarize the current literature on PTMs identified in the plasma and tumor tissue of breast-cancer patients or in breast cell lines. We also discuss some of the analytical techniques currently being used to evaluate PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Group, Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352
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