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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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2
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Goumenou A, Delaunay N, Pichon V. Recent Advances in Lectin-Based Affinity Sorbents for Protein Glycosylation Studies. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:746822. [PMID: 34778373 PMCID: PMC8585745 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.746822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant post-translational modifications occurring to proteins, since it affects some of their basic properties, such as their half-life or biological activity. The developments in analytical methodologies has greatly contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the glycosylation state of proteins. Despite those advances, the difficulty of a full characterization of glycosylation still remains, mainly due to the complexity of the glycoprotein and/or glycopeptide mixture especially when they are present in complex biological samples. For this reason, various techniques that allow a prior selective enrichment of exclusively glycosylated proteins or glycopeptides have been developed in the past and are coupled either on- or off- line with separation and detection methods. One of the most commonly implemented enrichment methods includes the use of lectin proteins immobilized on various solid supports. Lectins are a group of different, naturally occurring proteins that share a common characteristic, which concerns their affinity for specific sugar moieties of glycoproteins. This review presents the different formats and conditions for the use of lectins in affinity chromatography and in solid phase extraction, including their use in dispersive mode, along with the recent progress made on either commercial or home-made lectin-based affinity sorbents, which can lead to a fast and automated glycosylation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Goumenou
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR 8231 Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR 8231 Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR 8231 Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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3
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Lee J, Shin J, Jeong M, Youn M, Noh J, Kang J, Cho W. Glycoproteomics Method to Discover Reliable Biomarkers from Human Plasma of Lung Cancer Patients for MS‐based Clinical Studies. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Lee
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Jeong
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Min‐Gyu Youn
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyeong Noh
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Kang
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonryeon Cho
- Department of ChemistryWonkwang University Iksan 54538 Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang C, Rodriguez E, Bi C, Zheng X, Suresh D, Suh K, Li Z, Elsebaei F, Hage DS. High performance affinity chromatography and related separation methods for the analysis of biological and pharmaceutical agents. Analyst 2018; 143:374-391. [PMID: 29200216 PMCID: PMC5768458 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed the development of many high-performance separation methods that use biologically related binding agents. The combination of HPLC with these binding agents results in a technique known as high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). This review will discuss the general principles of HPAC and related techniques, with an emphasis on their use for the analysis of biological compounds and pharmaceutical agents. Various types of binding agents for these methods will be considered, including antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins, aptamers, enzymes, lectins, transport proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Formats that will be discussed for these methods range from the direct detection of an analyte to indirect detection based on chromatographic immunoassays, as well as schemes based on analyte extraction or depletion, post-column detection, and multi-column systems. The use of biological agents in HPLC for chiral separations will also be considered, along with the use of HPAC as a tool to screen or study biological interactions. Various examples will be presented to illustrate these approaches and their applications in fields such as biochemistry, clinical chemistry, and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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5
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Wang M, Zheng KY, Lv SW, Zou HF, Liu HS, Yan GL, Liu AD, Fei XF. Preparation and characterization of universal Fe3O4@SiO2/CdTe nanocomposites for rapid and facile detection and separation of membrane proteins. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The separation and enrichment of cell membrane proteins was achieved by the construction of bi-functional magnetic fluorescent nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Development and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory of Active Polysaccharides
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Ke-yan Zheng
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shao-wu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hai-feng Zou
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hong-sen Liu
- Development and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory of Active Polysaccharides
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Gang-lin Yan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Ai-dong Liu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130033
- China
| | - Xiao-fang Fei
- Development and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory of Active Polysaccharides
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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6
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Engel NY, Weiss VU, Wenz C, Glück S, Rüfer A, Kratzmeier M, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Allmaier G. Microchip capillary gel electrophoresis combined with lectin affinity enrichment employing magnetic beads for glycoprotein analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6625-6634. [PMID: 28932887 PMCID: PMC5670189 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the constant search for reliable methods to investigate glycoproteins in complex biological samples, an alternative approach combining affinity enrichment with rapid and sensitive analysis on-a-chip is presented. Glycoproteins were specifically captured by lectin-coated magnetic beads, eluted by competitive sugars, and investigated with microchip capillary gel electrophoresis (MCGE), i.e., CGE-on-a-chip. We compared our results to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) data, which turned out to be in very good agreement. While SDS-PAGE offers the possibility of subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of captured and separated analytes, MCGE scores with time savings, higher throughput, and lower sample consumption as well as quality control (QC) and process analytical technology (PAT) applicability. Due to these advantages, a lectin-based glycoprotein capture protocol can easily be optimized. In our case, two different types of magnetic beads were tested and compared regarding lectin binding. The selectivity of our strategy was demonstrated with a set of model glycoproteins, as well as with human serum and serum depleted from high-abundance proteins. The specificity of the capturing method was investigated revealing to a certain degree an unspecific binding between each sample and the beads themselves, which has to be considered for any specific enrichment and data interpretation. In addition, two glycoproteins from Trichoderma atroviride, a fungus with mycoparasitic activity and only barely studied glycoproteome, were enriched by means of a lectin and so identified for the first time. Glycoproteins from biological samples were detected by microchip capillary gel electrophoresis after lectin affinity enrichment using magnetic beads and elution with respective competitive monosaccharides ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Engel
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor U Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Wenz
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Susanne Glück
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Andreas Rüfer
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Martin Kratzmeier
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Zhu F, Clemmer DE, Trinidad JC. Characterization of lectin binding affinities via direct LC-MS profiling: implications for glycopeptide enrichment and separation strategies. Analyst 2017; 142:65-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Determining the affinity between a lectin and its target glycans is an important goal, both for understanding the biological functions of a given lectin as well as enabling the use of that lectin for targeted enrichment of glycosylated species from complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
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8
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Ma XT, He XW, Li WY, Zhang YK. Determination of Glycoproteins by a Self-Assembled 4-Mercaptophenylboronic Acid Film on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1277-1282. [PMID: 27941255 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays an important part in many biological processes. However, many glycoproteins are either of low abundance or covered by other components in biological samples. Hence, developing new methods to measure the glycoproteins with both high efficiency and low detection limit is important. In this work, a self-assembled 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid film was coated on a quartz crystal microbalance chip. By optimizing the reaction time and the concentration of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid, a sensor that specifically responded to glycoproteins was created. Then, several parameters for the prepared sensor were investigated and the working curve for representative glycoprotein-transferrin was established. The linearity range was from 50 to 400 ng/mL and the detection limit was 21.0 ng/mL. The sensor was used to detect transferrin in artificial urine samples. This sensor has a low detection limit of glycoproteins requiring only a small amount of samples, and thus has potential applications in both pharmaceutical and medical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Ma
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University
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9
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Yan SK, Liu RH, Jin HZ, Liu XR, Ye J, Shan L, Zhang WD. "Omics" in pharmaceutical research: overview, applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:3-21. [PMID: 25660284 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, biological studies are characterized by the rapid development and wide application of a series of "omics" technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, cytomics, metallomics, ionomics, interactomics, and phenomics. These "omics" are often based on global analyses of biological samples using high through-put analytical approaches and bioinformatics and may provide new insights into biological phenomena. In this paper, the development and advances in these omics made in the past decades are reviewed, especially genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics; the applications of omics technologies in pharmaceutical research are then summarized in the fields of drug target discovery, toxicity evaluation, personalized medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine; and finally, the limitations of omics are discussed, along with the future challenges associated with the multi-omics data processing, dynamics omics analysis, and analytical approaches, as well as amenable solutions and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Run-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China.
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10
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Liu X, Wang Y, Tu Y, Zhu Z, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Li Y, Gai H. A rapid and simple approach for glycoform analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 865:71-5. [PMID: 25732586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fast glycoform analysis is important for quality control of glycoproteins that account for over 40% of the approved biopharmaceuticals. Herein, we realized an Au nanoparticle-based lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) using simple standard laboratory equipment for fast glycoform analysis. Pisum sativum agglutinin (PA), a lectin derived from P. sativum, was covalently conjugated to Au nanoparticles via naturally formed carboxylic groups onto the surface of Au nanoparticles and amino groups of PA. Each model glycoprotein was separated into several fractions including the unbound, weakly bound, modestly bound, and strongly bound glycoforms based on affinity strength of the glycoform toward PA. A single run of Au nanoparticle-based LAC was finished within 18 min, which could be further decreased by centrifuging the mixture of the PA functionalized Au nanoparticles and the glycoproteins at a higher speed. To our knowledge, we are the first to use Au nanoparticles as LAC matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Hongwei Gai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Material, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
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11
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Development of Monolithic Column Materials for the Separation and Analysis of Glycans. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Tan B, Matsuda A, Zhang Y, Kuno A, Narimatsu H. Multilectin-assisted fractionation for improved single-dot tissue glycome profiling in clinical glycoproteomics. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:201-5. [PMID: 24301485 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To survey the glycome shift in cancer, single-dot tissue glycome profiling was improved by incorporating a lectin-assisted fractionation. The differential analysis of tissue specimens from colorectal cancer patients (n = 45) revealed that unfucosylated/α2,6-sialylated glycoproteins significantly increased in patients with poor prognoses. The detailed annotation will be an indispensable supplement for cancer-related glyco-biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Tan
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
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13
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Li QK, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Chan DW, Zhang H. Glycoproteomics using fluid-based specimens in the discovery of lung cancer protein biomarkers: promise and challenge. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:55-69. [PMID: 23112109 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer in the United States and worldwide. In spite of the rapid progression in personalized treatments, the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is still suboptimal. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery of protein biomarkers to facilitate the early detection and monitoring of lung cancer progression during treatment. In addition to tumor tissues and cancer cell lines, a variety of biological material has been studied. Particularly in recent years, studies using fluid-based specimen or so-called "fluid-biopsy" specimens have progressed rapidly. Fluid specimens are relatively easier to collect than tumor tissue, and they can be repeatedly sampled during the disease progression. Glycoproteins are the major content of fluid specimens and have long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus the discussion on recent advances of glycoproteomics, particularly in the identification of potential glyco protein biomarkers using fluid-based specimens in lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize current strategies, achievements, and perspectives in the field. This insight will highlight the discovery of tumor-associated glycoprotein biomarkers in lung cancer and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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14
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Mayampurath A, Yu CY, Song E, Balan J, Mechref Y, Tang H. Computational framework for identification of intact glycopeptides in complex samples. Anal Chem 2013; 86:453-63. [PMID: 24279413 DOI: 10.1021/ac402338u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important protein modification that involves enzymatic attachment of sugars to amino acid residues. Understanding the structure of these sugars and the effects of glycosylation are vital for developing indicators of disease development and progression. Although computational methods based on mass spectrometric data have proven to be effective in monitoring changes in the glycome, developing such methods for the glycoproteome are challenging, largely due to the inherent complexity in simultaneously studying glycan structures with their corresponding glycosylation sites. This paper introduces a computational framework for identifying intact N-linked glycopeptides, i.e. glycopeptides with N-linked glycans attached to their glycosylation sites, in complex proteome samples. Scoring algorithms are presented for tandem mass spectra of glycopeptides resulting from collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation modes. An empirical false-discovery rate estimation method, based on a target-decoy search approach, is derived for assigning confidence. The power of our method is further enhanced when multiple data sets are pooled together to increase identification confidence. Using this framework, 103 highly confident N-linked glycopeptides from 53 sites across 33 glycoproteins were identified in complex human serum proteome samples using conventional proteomic platforms with standard depletion of the 7-most abundant proteins. These results indicate that our method is ready to be used for characterizing site-specific protein glycosylation in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Mayampurath
- School of Informatics & Computing, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
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15
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Wang X, Xia N, Liu L. Boronic Acid-based approach for separation and immobilization of glycoproteins and its application in sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20890-912. [PMID: 24141187 PMCID: PMC3821649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins influence a broad spectrum of biological processes including cell-cell interaction, host-pathogen interaction, or protection of proteins against proteolytic degradation. The analysis of their glyco-structures and concentration levels are increasingly important in diagnosis and proteomics. Boronic acids can covalently react with cis-diols in the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins to form five- or six-membered cyclic esters. Based on this interaction, boronic acid-based ligands and materials have attracted much attention in both chemistry and biology as the recognition motif for enrichment and chemo/biosensing of glycoproteins in recent years. In this work, we reviewed the progress in the separation, immobilization and detection of glycoproteins with boronic acid-functionalized materials and addressed its application in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; E-Mails: (X.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; E-Mails: (X.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; E-Mails: (X.W.); (L.L.)
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16
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Jung K, Cho W. Serial Affinity Chromatography as a Selection Tool in Glycoproteomics. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7125-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400653z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwanyoung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Science High School, 63 Hyehwa-ro, Jongno-gu,
Seoul 110-530, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonryeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk
570-749, Republic of Korea
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17
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Novotny MV, Alley WR. Recent trends in analytical and structural glycobiology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:832-40. [PMID: 23790311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The great complexity of glycosylated biomolecules necessitates a set of powerful analytical methodologies to reveal functionally important structural features. Mass spectrometry (MS), with its different ionization techniques, mass analyzers, and detection strategies, has become the most important analytical method in glycomic and glycoproteomic investigations. In combination with MS, microscale separations (based on capillary chromatography and electrophoresis) and carbohydrate microchemistry, we feature here conceptually important applications of the recent years. This review focuses on methodological advances pertaining to disease biomarker research, immunology, developmental biology, and measurements of importance to biopharmaceuticals. High-sensitivity determinations and sample enrichment/preconcentration are particularly emphasized in glycomic and glycoproteomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
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18
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Alley WR, Mann BF, Novotny MV. High-sensitivity analytical approaches for the structural characterization of glycoproteins. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2668-732. [PMID: 23531120 PMCID: PMC3992972 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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19
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Novotny MV, Alley WR, Mann BF. Analytical glycobiology at high sensitivity: current approaches and directions. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:89-117. [PMID: 22945852 PMCID: PMC3586546 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the analytical advances made during the last several years in the structural and quantitative determinations of glycoproteins in complex biological mixtures. The main analytical techniques used in the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics involve different modes of mass spectrometry and their combinations with capillary separation methods such as microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The need for high-sensitivity measurements have been emphasized in the oligosaccharide profiling used in the field of biomarker discovery through MALDI mass spectrometry. High-sensitivity profiling of both glycans and glycopeptides from biological fluids and tissue extracts has been aided significantly through lectin preconcentration and the uses of affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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20
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Li QK, Gabrielson E, Zhang H. Application of glycoproteomics for the discovery of biomarkers in lung cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:244-56. [PMID: 22641610 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Approximately 40-60% of lung cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Lung cancer development and progression are a multistep process that is characterized by abnormal gene and protein expressions ultimately leading to phenotypic change. Glycoproteins have long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many physiological and pathological processes, particularly in cancer genesis and progression. In order to improve the survival rate of lung cancer patients, the discovery of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed. Herein, we reviewed the recent technological developments of glycoproteomics and published data in the field of glycoprotein biomarkers in lung cancer, and discussed their utility and limitations for the discovery of potential biomarkers in lung cancer. Although numerous papers have already acknowledged the importance of the discovery of cancer biomarkers, the systemic study of glycoproteins in lung cancer using glycoproteomic approaches is still suboptimal. Recent development in the glycoproteomics will provide new platforms for identification of potential protein biomarkers in lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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21
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Ongay S, Boichenko A, Govorukhina N, Bischoff R. Glycopeptide enrichment and separation for protein glycosylation analysis. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2341-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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22
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Detection of differential levels of proteins in the urine of patients with endometrial cancer: analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and o-glycan binding lectin. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9489-9501. [PMID: 22949810 PMCID: PMC3431808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers can cause some proteins to be aberrantly excreted or released in the urine, which can be used as biomarkers. To screen for potential biomarkers for endometrial cancer (ECa), the urinary proteins from patients who were newly diagnosed with early stage ECa and untreated controls were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and followed by image analysis. The altered levels of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and CD59 were detected in the patients compared to the controls. In addition, the urine of the ECa patients was also found to contain relatively lower levels of a fragment of nebulin when the 2-DE separated urinary proteins were probed using champedak galactose binding (CGB) lectin. The different levels of the nebulin fragment were further validated by subjecting the urinary protein samples to CGB lectin affinity chromatography and analysis of the bound fractions by LC-MS/MS. Our data is suggestive of the potential use of the differentially expressed urinary proteins as biomarkers for ECa although this requires further extensive validation on clinically representative populations.
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23
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Mechref Y. Use of CID/ETD mass spectrometry to analyze glycopeptides. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2012; Chapter 12:12.11.1-12.11.11. [PMID: 22470127 PMCID: PMC3673024 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1211s68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) does not allow the characterization of glycopeptides because of the fragmentation of glycan structures and limited fragmentation of peptide backbones. Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) MS/MS, on the other hand, offers a complementary approach, prompting only peptide backbone fragmentation while keeping post-translational modifications intact. Characterization of glycopeptides using both CID and ETD is summarized in this unit. While CID provides information related to the composition of glycan moieties attached to a peptide backbone, ETD permits de novo sequencing of peptides. Radical anion transfer of electrons to the peptide backbone in ETD induces cleavage of the N-Cα bond. The glycan moiety is retained on the peptide backbone, largely unaffected by the ETD process, thus allowing the identification of the amino acid sequence of a glycopeptide and its glycosylation site. This unit discusses the use of both CID and ETD for better characterization of glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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24
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Zhou F, Sikorski TW, Ficarro SB, Webber JT, Marto JA. Online nanoflow reversed phase-strong anion exchange-reversed phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform for efficient and in-depth proteome sequence analysis of complex organisms. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6996-7005. [PMID: 21851055 PMCID: PMC3196608 DOI: 10.1021/ac200639v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic range of protein expression in complex organisms coupled with the stochastic nature of discovery-driven tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis continues to impede comprehensive sequence analysis and often provides only limited information for low-abundance proteins. High-performance fractionation of proteins or peptides prior to mass spectrometry analysis can mitigate these effects, though achieving an optimal combination of automation, reproducibility, separation peak capacity, and sample yield remains a significant challenge. Here we demonstrate an automated nanoflow 3-D liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS platform based on high-pH reversed phase (RP), strong anion exchange (SAX), and low-pH reversed phase (RP) separation stages for analysis of complex proteomes. We observed that RP-SAX-RP outperformed RP-RP for analysis of tryptic peptides derived from Escherichia coli and enabled identification of proteins present at a level of 50 copies per cell in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, corresponding to an estimated detection limit of 500 amol, from 40 μg of total lysate on a low-resolution 3-D ion trap mass spectrometer. A similar study performed on a LTQ-Orbitrap yielded over 4000 unique proteins from 5 μg of total yeast lysate analyzed in a single, 101 fraction RP-SAX-RP LC-MS/MS acquisition, providing an estimated detection limit of 65 amol for proteins expressed at 50 copies per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
| | - Timothy W. Sikorski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
| | - Scott B. Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
| | - James T. Webber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
| | - Jarrod A. Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084
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25
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Lin ZA, Pang JL, Lin Y, Huang H, Cai ZW, Zhang L, Chen GN. Preparation and evaluation of a phenylboronate affinity monolith for selective capture of glycoproteins by capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2011; 136:3281-8. [PMID: 21738938 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A phenylboronate affinity monolith was prepared and applied to the selective capture of glycoproteins from unfractionated protein mixtures. The monolith was synthesized in a 100 μm i.d capillary by an in situ polymerization procedure using a pre-polymerization mixture consisting of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) as functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as crosslinker, diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as binary porogenic solvents, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The prepared monolith was characterized in terms of the morphology, pore property, and recognition property. The selectivity and dynamic binding capacity were evaluated by using standard glycoproteins and nonglycoproteins as model proteins. The chromatographic results demonstrated that the phenylboronate affinity monolith had higher selectivity and binding capacity for glycoprotein than nonglycoprotein. The resulting phenylboronate affinity monolith was used as the sorbent for in-tube solid phase microextraction (in-tube SPME), and the extraction performance of the monolith was assessed by capture of ovalbumin from egg white sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi An Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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26
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Ishihara T, Fukuda I, Morita A, Takinami Y, Okamoto H, Nishimura SI, Numata Y. Development of quantitative plasma N-glycoproteomics using label-free 2-D LC-MALDI MS and its applicability for biomarker discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2159-68. [PMID: 21704746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been rapid progress in the development of clinical proteomic methodologies with improvements in mass spectrometric technologies and bioinformatics, leading to many new methodologies for biomarker discovery from human plasma. However, it is not easy to find new biomarkers because of the wide dynamic range of plasma proteins and the need for their quantification. Here, we report a new methodology for relative quantitative proteomic analysis combining large-scale glycoproteomics with label-free 2-D LC-MALDI MS. In this method, enrichment of glycopeptides using hydrazide resin enables focusing on plasma proteins with lower abundance corresponding to the tissue leakage region. On quantitative analysis, signal intensities by 2-D LC-MALDI MS were normalized using a peptide internal control, and the values linked to LC data were treated with DeView™ software. Our proteomic method revealed that the quantitative dynamic ranged from 10² to 10⁶ pg/mL of plasma proteins with good reproducibility, and the limit of detection was of the order of a few ng/mL of proteins in biological samples. To evaluate the applicability of our method for biomarker discovery, we performed a feasibility study using plasma samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and identified biomarker candidates, including ceruloplasmin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and multimerin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishihara
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0002, Japan
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27
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Lazar IM, Lazar AC, Cortes DF, Kabulski JL. Recent advances in the MS analysis of glycoproteins: Theoretical considerations. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:3-13. [PMID: 21171109 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is involved in a broad range of biological processes that regulate protein function and control cell fate. As aberrant glycosylation has been found to be implicated in numerous diseases, the study and large-scale characterization of protein glycosylation is of great interest not only to the biological and biomedical research community, but also to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Due to the complex chemical structure and differing chemical properties of the protein/peptide and glycan moieties, the analysis and structural characterization of glycoproteins has been proven to be a difficult task. Large-scale endeavors have been further limited by the dynamic outcome of the glycosylation process itself, and, occasionally, by the low abundance of glycoproteins in biological samples. Recent advances in MS instrumentation and progress in miniaturized technologies for sample handling, enrichment and separation, have resulted in robust and compelling analysis strategies that effectively address the challenges of the glycoproteome. This review summarizes the key steps that are involved in the development of efficient glycoproteomic analysis methods, and the latest innovations that led to successful strategies for the characterization of glycoproteins and their corresponding glycans. As a follow-up to this work, we review innovative capillary and microfluidic-MS workflows for the identification, sequencing and characterization of glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M Lazar
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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28
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Kang D, Ji ES, Moon MH, Yoo JS. Lectin-based enrichment method for glycoproteomics using hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation: application to Streptococcus pyogenes. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2855-62. [PMID: 20377246 DOI: 10.1021/pr900937w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new application of hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF5) as a preparative method to preconcentrate high mannose type N-linked glycoproteins from Streptococcus pyogenes by means of the mannose-specific binding affinity between concanavalian A (ConA) and N-linked glycosylated proteins. Prior to fractionation of N-linked glycoproteins from bacterial lysates, it was examined that ConA formed several types of multimers depending on the pH values (4, 6, and 8) of the carrier solution and it was confirmed that the molecular weight (MW) of ConA, spiked with alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) as a standard glycoprotein, increased due to binding with the mannose moiety of AGP. After adding ConA to bacterial lysates, mannose type N-linked glycoproteins were found to be enriched when the ConA fraction was isolated from whole bacterial lysates through HF5 run. For the identification of glycoproteins, the ConA fraction of HF5 was tryptically digested and followed by two-dimensional nanoflow strong cation exchange-reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (2D SCX-RPLC-ESI-MS-MS) analysis to identify the N-linked glycoprotein species. From two-dimensional shotgun analyses, 45 proteins that exist on the Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequence were identified as high mannose type N-linked glycoprotein. As a result, it was first demonstrated that HF5 is an alternative tool to enrich high mannose type N-linked glycoproteins using ConA-specific binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukjin Kang
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
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29
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Pan S, Chen R, Aebersold R, Brentnall TA. Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics--from a proteomics perspective. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 10:R110.003251. [PMID: 20736408 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r110.003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important and common forms of protein post-translational modification that is involved in many physiological functions and biological pathways. Altered glycosylation has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Glycoproteins are becoming important targets for the development of biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response to drugs. The emerging technology of glycoproteomics, which focuses on glycoproteome analysis, is increasingly becoming an important tool for biomarker discovery. An in-depth, comprehensive identification of aberrant glycoproteins, and further, quantitative detection of specific glycosylation abnormalities in a complex environment require a concerted approach drawing from a variety of techniques. This report provides an overview of the recent advances in mass spectrometry based glycoproteomic methods and technology, in the context of biomarker discovery and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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30
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Alvarez-Manilla G, Warren NL, Atwood J, Orlando R, Dalton S, Pierce M. Glycoproteomic analysis of embryonic stem cells: identification of potential glycobiomarkers using lectin affinity chromatography of glycopeptides. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2062-75. [PMID: 19545112 DOI: 10.1021/pr8007489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have recently focused on the identification of specific glycan biomarkers, given the important roles that protein linked glycans play, for example, during development and disease progression. The identification of protein glycobiomarkers, which are part of a very complex proteome, has involved the use of fractionation techniques such as lectin affinity chromatography. In this study, the glycoproteomic characterization of pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells (ES) and from ES cells that were differentiated into embroid bodies (EB) was performed using immobilized Concanavalin A (ConA). This procedure allowed the isolation of glycopeptides that express biantennary and hybrid N-linked structures (ConA2 fraction) as well as high mannose glycans (ConA3 fraction) that were abundant in both ES and EB stages. A total of 293 unique N-linked glycopeptide sequences (from 180 glycoproteins) were identified in the combined data sets from ES and EB cells. Of these glycopeptides, a total of 119 sequences were identified exclusively in only one of the lectin-bound fractions (24 in the ES-ConA2, 15 in the ES-ConA3, 16 in the EB-ConA2, and 64 in the EB-ConA3). Results from this study allowed the identification of individual N-glycosylation sites of proteins that express specific glycan types. The absence of some of these lectin-bound glycopeptides in a cell stage suggested that they were derived from proteins that were either expressed exclusively on a defined developmental stage or were expressed in both cell stages but carried the lectin-bound oligosaccharides in only one of them. Therefore, these lectin-bound glycopeptides can be considered as stage-specific glycobiomarkers.
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Abstract
Glycosylation defines the adhesive properties of animal cell surfaces and the surrounding extracellular environments. Because cells respond to stimuli by altering glycan expression, glycan structures vary according to spatial location in tissue and temporal factors. These dynamic structural expression patterns, combined with the essential roles glycans play in physiology, drive the need for analytical methods for glycoconjugates. In addition, recombinant glycoprotein drug products represent a multibillion dollar market. Effective analytical methods are needed to speed the identification of new targets and the development of industrial glycoprotein products, both new and biosimilar. Mass spectrometry is an enabling technology in glycomics. This review summarizes mass spectrometry of glycoconjugate glycans. The intent is to summarize appropriate methods for glycans given their chemical properties as distinct from those of proteins, lipids, and small molecule metabolites. Special attention is given to the uses of mass spectral profiling for glycomics with respect to the N-linked, O-linked, ganglioside, and glycosaminoglycan compound classes. Next, the uses of tandem mass spectrometry of glycans are summarized. The review finishes with an update on mass spectral glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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32
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Zhang X, Liu B, Zhang L, Zou H, Cao J, Gao M, Tang J, Liu Y, Yang P, Zhang Y. Recent advances in proteolysis and peptide/protein separation by chromatographic strategies. Sci China Chem 2010; 53:685-694. [PMID: 32214996 PMCID: PMC7089403 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a broad glance on the progress of recent advances on proteolysis and peptide/protein separation by chromatographic strategies in the past ten years, covering the main research in these areas especially in China. The reviewed research focused on enzymatic micro-reactors and peptide separation in bottom-up approaches, and protein and peptide separation in top-down approaches. The new enzymatic micro-reactor is able to accelerate proteolytic reaction rate from conventionally a couple of hours to a few seconds, and the multiple dimensional chromatographic-separation with various models or arrays could sufficiently separate the proteomic mixture. These advances have significantly promoted the research of protein/peptide separation and identification in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangMin Zhang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - BaoHong Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - LiHua Zhang
- 2Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - HanFa Zou
- 2Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Jing Cao
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - MingXia Gao
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jia Tang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yun Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - PengYuan Yang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - YuKui Zhang
- 2Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
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33
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Wu Y, Mechref Y, Klouckova I, Mayampurath A, Novotny MV, Tang H. Mapping site-specific protein N-glycosylations through liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and targeted tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:965-972. [PMID: 20209665 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the characterization of which is commonly achieved through proteomic protocol, involving trypsin digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). However, it is often not possible to characterize all glycopeptides in a complex sample because of the high complexity of glycoproteomic samples, and the relative lower abundances of glycopeptides in comparison to the unmodified peptides. We present here a targeted MS/MS analysis approach, which utilizes a previously developed computational tool, GlyPID, to guide multiple experiments, thus permitting a complete characterization of all N-glycosylation sites of glycoproteins present in a complex sample. We have tested our approach using model glycoproteins analyzed by high-resolution LTQ-FT MS. The results demonstrate a potential use of our method for a high-throughput characterization of complex mixtures of glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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34
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Jmeian Y, El Rassi Z. Multicolumn separation platform for simultaneous depletion and prefractionation prior to 2-DE for facilitating in-depth serum proteomics profiling. J Proteome Res 2010; 8:4592-603. [PMID: 19670910 DOI: 10.1021/pr900399q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe an integrated fluidic platform composed of tandem affinity columns for the depletion of high-abundance proteins from human serum and on-line fractionation/concentration of medium- and low-abundance proteins by tandem immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns and reversed phase (RP) column for in-depth proteomics analysis. The depletion columns were based on monolithic polymethacrylate with surface immobilized protein A, protein G', and antibodies for depleting the top 8 high-abundance proteins. The IMAC fractionation/concentration columns consisted of monolithic stationary phases with surface bound iminodiacetic acid (IDA) chelated with Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+, while the RP column was packed with nonpolar polymer beads. The integrated multicolumn fluidic platform was very effective in reducing simultaneously both the dynamic range differences among the protein constituents of serum and the complexity of the proteomics samples, thus, facilitating the in-depth proteomics analysis by 2-DE followed by MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS. In fact, the number of detected spots was approximately 1450 using SYPRO fluorescent stain from which 384 spots were subsequently detected by Coomassie Blue. Since the investigation was simply a proof of concept, 295 proteins were readily identified in some selected spots by MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazen Jmeian
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3071, USA
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35
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Hwang H, Zhang J, Chung KA, Leverenz JB, Zabetian CP, Peskind ER, Jankovic J, Su Z, Hancock AM, Pan C, Montine TJ, Pan S, Nutt J, Albin R, Gearing M, Beyer RP, Shi M, Zhang J. Glycoproteomics in neurodegenerative diseases. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:79-125. [PMID: 19358229 PMCID: PMC2799547 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation regulates protein function and cellular distribution. Additionally, aberrant protein glycosylations have been recognized to play major roles in human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoproteomics, a branch of proteomics that catalogs and quantifies glycoproteins, provides a powerful means to systematically profile the glycopeptides or glycoproteins of a complex mixture that are highly enriched in body fluids, and therefore, carry great potential to be diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Application of this mass spectrometry-based technology to the study of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) is relatively new, and is expected to provide insight into the biochemical pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, as well as biomarker discovery. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of glycoproteins in biology and neurodegenerative disease, and have discussed existing proteomic technologies that are utilized to characterize glycoproteins. Some of the ongoing studies, where glycoproteins isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and human brain are being characterized in Parkinson's disease at different stages versus controls, are presented, along with future applications of targeted validation of brain specific glycoproteins in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathryn A. Chung
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aneeka M. Hancock
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sheng Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John Nutt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Roger Albin
- Ann Arbor VAMC GRECC and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard P. Beyer
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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36
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Tian Y, Zhang H. Glycoproteomics and clinical applications. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 4:124-32. [PMID: 21137038 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most structurally complicated and diverse type of protein modifications. Protein glycosylation has long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many biological processes, as well as in disease genesis and progression. Glycoproteomics focuses on characterization of proteins modified by carbohydrates. Glycoproteomic studies normally include strategies to enrich glycoproteins containing particular carbohydrate structures from protein mixtures followed by quantitative proteomic analysis. These glycoproteomic studies determine which proteins are glycosylated, the glycosylation sites, the carbohydrate structures, as well as the abundance and function of the glycoproteins in different biological and pathological processes. Here we review the recent development in methods used in glycoproteomic analysis. These techniques are essential in elucidation of the relationships between protein glycosylation and disease states. We also review the clinical applications of different glycoproteomic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hashii N, Kawasaki N, Itoh S, Nakajima Y, Harazono A, Kawanishi T, Yamaguchi T. Identification of glycoproteins carrying a target glycan-motif by liquid chromatography/multiple-stage mass spectrometry: identification of Lewis x-conjugated glycoproteins in mouse kidney. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3415-29. [PMID: 19453144 DOI: 10.1021/pr9000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain glycan motifs in glycoproteins are involved in several biological events and diseases. To understand the roles of these motifs, a method is needed to identify the glycoproteins that carry them. We previously demonstrated that liquid chromatography-multiple-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) allowed for differentiation of oligosaccharides attached to Lewis-motifs, such as Lewisx(Lex, Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc) from other glycans. We successfully discriminated Lex-conjugated oligosaccharides from other N-linked oligosaccharides derived from mouse kidney proteins by using Lewis-motif-distinctive ions, a deoxyhexose (dHex)+hexose (Hex)+N-acetylhexsosamine (HexNAc) fragment (m/z 512), and a Hex+HexNAc fragment (m/z 366). In the present study, we demonstrated that this method could be used to identify the Lex-conjugated glycoproteins. All proteins in the mouse kidney were digested into peptides, and the fucosylated glycopeptides were enriched by lectin-affinity chromatography. The resulting fucosylated glycopeptides were subjected to two different runs of LC-MSn using a Fourier- transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR-MS) and an ion trap-type mass spectrometer. After the first run, we picked out product ion spectra of the expected Lex-conjugated glycopeptides based on the presence of Lewis-motif-distinctive ions and assigned a peptide+HexNAc or peptide+(dHex)HexNAc fragment in each spectrum. Then the fucosylated glycopeptides were subjected to a second run in which the peptide-related fragments were set as precursor ions. We successfully identified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (gamma-GTP1), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2), and a cubilin precursor as Lex-conjugated glycoproteins by sequencing of 2-5 glycopeptides. In addition, it was deduced that cadherin 16, dipeptidase I, H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, K-K alpha precursor (H2-Kk), and alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase could be Lex-conjugated glycoproteins from the good agreement between the experimental and theoretical masses and fragment patterns. The results indicated that our method could be applicable for the identification and screening of glycoproteins carrying target glycan-motifs, such as Lewis epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hashii
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyouga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Rosenfeld H, Lassen S, Prange A. Characterization of Haptoglobin in the Blood Plasma of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina). J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2923-32. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900035s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Rosenfeld
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Department for Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Stephan Lassen
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Department for Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Andreas Prange
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Department for Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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39
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Ahmed FE. Sample preparation and fractionation for proteome analysis and cancer biomarker discovery by mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:771-98. [PMID: 19219839 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation and fractionation technologies are one of the most crucial processes in proteomic analysis and biomarker discovery in solubilized samples. Chromatographic or electrophoretic proteomic technologies are also available for separation of cellular protein components. There are, however, considerable limitations in currently available proteomic technologies as none of them allows for the analysis of the entire proteome in a simple step because of the large number of peptides, and because of the wide concentration dynamic range of the proteome in clinical blood samples. The results of any undertaken experiment depend on the condition of the starting material. Therefore, proper experimental design and pertinent sample preparation is essential to obtain meaningful results, particularly in comparative clinical proteomics in which one is looking for minor differences between experimental (diseased) and control (nondiseased) samples. This review discusses problems associated with general and specialized strategies of sample preparation and fractionation, dealing with samples that are solution or suspension, in a frozen tissue state, or formalin-preserved tissue archival samples, and illustrates how sample processing might influence detection with mass spectrometric techniques. Strategies that dramatically improve the potential for cancer biomarker discovery in minimally invasive, blood-collected human samples are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid E Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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40
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Bindila L, Peter-Katalinić J. Chip-mass spectrometry for glycomic studies. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:223-253. [PMID: 19145581 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of micro- and nanochip front end technologies for electrospray mass spectrometry addressed a major challenge in carbohydrate analysis: high sensitivity structural determination and heterogeneity assessment in high dynamic range mixtures of biological origin. Chip-enhanced electrospray ionization was demonstrated to provide reproducible performance irrespective of the type of carbohydrate, while the amenability of chip systems for coupling with different mass spectrometers greatly advance the chip/MS technique as a versatile key tool in glycomic studies. A more accurate representation of the glycan repertoire to include novel biologically-relevant information was achieved in different biological sources, asserting this technique as a valuable tool in glycan biomarker discovery and monitoring. Additionally, the integration of various analytical functions onto chip devices and direct hyphenation to MS proved its potential for glycan analysis during the recent years, whereby a new analytical tool is on the verge of maturation: lab-on-chip MS glycomics. The achievements until early beginning of 2007 on the implementation of chip- and functional integrated chip/MS in systems glycobiology studies are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bindila
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert Koch Str. 31, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Alley WR, Mechref Y, Novotny MV. Characterization of glycopeptides by combining collision-induced dissociation and electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry data. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:161-70. [PMID: 19065542 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterization of a glycopeptide is not easily attained through collision-induced dissociation (CID), due to the extensive fragmentation of glycan moieties and minimal fragmentation of peptide backbones. In this study, we have exploited the potential of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) as a complementary approach for peptide fragmentation. Model glycoproteins, including ribonuclease B, fetuin, horseradish peroxidase, and haptoglobin, were used here. In ETD, radical anions transfer an electron to the peptide backbone and induce cleavage of the N-Calpha bond. The glycan moiety is retained on the peptide backbone, being largely unaffected by the ETD process. Accordingly, ETD allows not only the identification of the amino acid sequence of a glycopeptide, but also the unambiguous assignment of its glycosylation site. When data acquired from both fragmentation techniques are combined, it is possible to characterize comprehensively the entire glycopeptide. This is being achieved with a mass spectrometer capable of alternating between CID and ETD on-the-fly during an LC/MS/MS analysis. This is demonstrated here with several tryptic glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Alley
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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43
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Jmeian Y, El Rassi Z. Liquid-phase-based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation and enrichment of proteins in biological fluids for in-depth proteomics analysis. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:249-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sondej M, Denny PA, Xie Y, Ramachandran P, Si Y, Takashima J, Shi W, Wong DT, Loo JA, Denny PC. Glycoprofiling of the Human Salivary Proteome. Clin Proteomics 2008; 5:52-68. [PMID: 20161393 DOI: 10.1007/s12014-008-9021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is important for a number of biological processes and is perhaps the most abundant and complicated of the known post-translational modifications found on proteins. This work combines two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and lectin blotting to map the salivary glycome, and mass spectrometry to identity the proteins that are associated with the glycome map. A panel of 15 lectins that recognize six sugar-specific categories was used to visualize the type and extent of glycosylation in saliva from two healthy male individuals. Lectin blots were compared to 2-D gels stained either with Sypro Ruby (protein stain) or Pro-Q Emerald 488 (glycoprotein stain). Each lectin shows a distinct pattern, even those belonging to the same sugar-specific category. In addition, the glycosylation profiles generated from the lectin blots show that most of the salivary proteins are glycosylated and that the pattern is more widespread than is demonstrated by the glycoprotein stained gel. Finally, the co-reactivity between two lectins was measured to determine the glycan structures that are most and least often associated with one another along with the population variation of the lectin reactivity for 66 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sondej
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Mann B, Madera M, Sheng Q, Tang H, Mechref Y, Novotny MV. ProteinQuant Suite: a bundle of automated software tools for label-free quantitative proteomics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3823-3834. [PMID: 18985620 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In simplifying the evaluation and quantification of high-throughput label-free quantitative proteomic data, we introduce ProteinQuant Suite. It comprises three standalone complementary computer utilities, namely ProtParser, ProteinQuant, and Turbo RAW2MGF. ProtParser is a filtering utility designed to evaluate database search results. Filtering is performed according to different criteria that are defined by the end-user. ProteinQuant then utilizes this parsed list of peptides and proteins in conjunction with mzXML or mzData files generated from the raw files for quantification. This quantification is based on the automatic detection and integration of chromatographic peaks representative of the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) elution profiles of identified peptides. Turbo RAW2MGF was developed to extend the applicability of ProteinQuant Suite to data collected from different types of mass spectrometers. It directly processes raw data files generated by Xcalibur, a ThermoElectron data acquisition software, and generates a MASCOT generic file (MGF). This file format is needed since the protein identification results generated by the database search employing this file format include information required for the precise identification and quantification of chromatographic peaks. The performance of ProteinQuant Suite was initially validated using LC/MS/MS generated for a mixture of standard proteins as well as standard proteins spiked in a complex biological matrix such as blood serum. Automated quantification of the collected data resulted in calibration curves with R(2) values higher than 0.95 with linearity spanning over more than 2 orders of magnitude with peak quantification reproducibility better than 15% (RSD). ProteinQuant Suite was also applied to confirm the binding preference of standard glycoproteins to Con A lectin using a sample consisting of both standard glycoproteins and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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46
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Zaia J. Mass spectrometry and the emerging field of glycomics. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2008; 15:881-92. [PMID: 18804025 PMCID: PMC2570164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The biological significance of protein and lipid glycosylation is well established. For example, cells respond to environmental stimuli by altering glycan structures on their surfaces, and cancer cells evade normal growth regulation in part by remodeling their surface glycans. In general, glycan chemical properties differ significantly from those of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small molecule metabolites. Thus, advances in glycomics, a comprehensive study to identify all glycans in an organism, rely on the development of specialized analytical methods. Mass spectrometry (MS) is emerging as an enabling technology in the field of glycomics. This review summarizes recent developments in mass spectrometric analysis methods for protein-based glycomics and glycoproteomics workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zaia
- Deptartment of Biochemistry, Boston University, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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47
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Madera M, Mann B, Mechref Y, Novotny MV. Efficacy of glycoprotein enrichment by microscale lectin affinity chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2722-32. [PMID: 18623281 PMCID: PMC3658453 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible and efficient affinity enrichment is increasingly viewed as an essential step in many investigations leading to the discovery of new biomarkers. In this work, we have evaluated the repeatability of lectin enrichment of glycoproteins from human blood serum through both qualitative and quantitative proteomic approaches. In a comprehensive evaluation of lectin binding, we have performed 30 separate microscale lectin affinity chromatography experiments, followed by a conventional sample purification, and LC-MS/MS analysis of the enriched glycoproteins. Two lectin affinity matrixes, both with Con A lectin, immobilized to the same solid support but differing in the amount of immobilized lectin, were investigated to characterize their binding properties. Both qualitative and quantitative data indicate acceptable repeatability and binding efficiency for the lectin materials received from two different commercial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Madera
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Benjamin Mann
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Yehia Mechref
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405
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48
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Monzo A, Olajos M, De Benedictis L, Rivera Z, Bonn GK, Guttman A. Boronic acid lectin affinity chromatography (BLAC). 2. Affinity micropartitioning-mediated comparative glycosylation profiling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2008] [Revised: 06/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Olajos M, Hajós P, Bonn GK, Guttman A. Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Complex Carbohydrates by Multicapillary Gel Electrophoresis with Light-Emitting Diode Induced Fluorescence Detection. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4241-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Olajos
- Horvath Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, and University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Péter Hajós
- Horvath Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, and University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Guenther K. Bonn
- Horvath Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, and University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horvath Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, and University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
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50
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Temporini C, Calleri E, Massolini G, Caccialanza G. Integrated analytical strategies for the study of phosphorylation and glycosylation in proteins. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:207-236. [PMID: 18335498 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is a common biological mechanism for regulating protein localization, function, and turnover. The direct analysis of modifications is required because they are not coded by genes, and thus are not predictable. Different MS-based proteomic strategies are used for the analysis of PTMs, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, and are composed of a structural simplification step of the protein followed by specific isolation step to extract the classes of modified peptides (also called "sub-proteomes") before mass spectrometry. This specific isolation step is necessary because PTMs occur at a sub-stoichiometric level and signal suppression of the modified fractions in the mass spectrometer occurs in the presence of the more-abundant non-modified counterpart. The request of innovative analytical strategies in PTM studies is the capability to localize the modification sites, give detailed structural information on the modification, and determine the isoform composition with increased selectivity, sensitivity, and throughput. This review focuses on the description of recent integrated analytical systems proposed for the analysis of PTMs in proteins, and their application to profile the glycoproteome and the phosphoproteome in biological samples. Comments on the difficulties and usefulness of the analytical strategies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Temporini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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