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Nazio F, Carinci M, Valacca C, Bielli P, Strappazzon F, Antonioli M, Ciccosanti F, Rodolfo C, Campello S, Fimia GM, Sette C, Bonaldo P, Cecconi F. Fine-tuning of ULK1 mRNA and protein levels is required for autophagy oscillation. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:841-856. [PMID: 27932573 PMCID: PMC5166502 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ULK1 is a key kinase in autophagy initiation. Nazio et al. demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L targets ULK1 for degradation soon after autophagy induction, whereas a simultaneous ULK1 mRNA transcription is needed for priming subsequent rounds of autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway whose levels are tightly controlled to secure cell homeostasis. Unc-51–like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a conserved serine–threonine kinase that plays a central role in the initiation of autophagy. Here, we report that upon autophagy progression, ULK1 protein levels are specifically down-regulated by the E3 ligase NEDD4L, which ubiquitylates ULK1 for degradation by the proteasome. However, whereas ULK1 protein is degraded, ULK1 mRNA is actively transcribed. Upon reactivation of mTOR-dependent protein synthesis, basal levels of ULK1 are promptly restored, but the activity of newly synthesized ULK1 is inhibited by mTOR. This prepares the cell for a new possible round of autophagy stimulation. Our results thus place NEDD4L and ULK1 in a key position to control oscillatory activation of autophagy during prolonged stress to keep the levels of this process under a safe and physiological threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Valacca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Bielli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavie Strappazzon
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Rodolfo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy .,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trovato FM, Tognarelli JM, Crossey MME, Catalano D, Taylor-Robinson SD, Trovato GM. Challenges of liver cancer: Future emerging tools in imaging and urinary biomarkers. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2664-2675. [PMID: 26609343 PMCID: PMC4651910 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i26.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease has become a global health problem as a result of the increasing incidence of viral hepatitis, obesity and alcohol misuse. Over the past three decades, in the United Kingdom alone, deaths from chronic liver disease have increased both in men and in women. Currently, 2.5% of deaths worldwide are attributed to liver disease and projected figures suggest a doubling in hospitalisation and associated mortality by 2020. Chronic liver diseases vary for clinical manifestations and natural history, with some individuals having relatively indolent disease and others with a rapidly progressive course. About 30% of patients affected by hepatitis C has a progressive disease and develop cirrhosis over a 20 years period from the infection, usually 5-10 years after initial medical presentation. The aim of the current therapeutic strategies is preventing the progression from hepatitis to fibrosis and subsequently, cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for chronic liver disease and is affecting about the half of patients who abuse alcohol. Moreover non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is part of the metabolic syndrome, associated with obesity, hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, and a subgroup of patients develops non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis with subsequent cirrhosis. The strengths and pitfalls of liver biopsy are discussed and a variety of new techniques to assess liver damage from transient elastography to experimental techniques, such as in vitro urinary nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Some of the techniques and tests described are already suitable for more widespread clinical application, as is the case with ultrasound-based liver diagnostics, but others, such as urinary metabonomics, requires a period of critical evaluation or development to take them from the research arena to clinical practice.
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Frustaci A, Ciccosanti F, Chimenti C, Nardacci R, Corazzari M, Verardo R, Ippolito G, Petrosillo N, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Histological and proteomic profile of diabetic versus non-diabetic dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2015; 203:282-9. [PMID: 26519687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is indistinguishable from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) as specific histological and/or biochemical markers are unavailable. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparative histology, electron microscopy, morphometry for cell volume composition and myocardial fibrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), polymerase chain reaction for cardiotropic viruses, immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and proteomics have been evaluated in endomyocardial biopsies from 9 patients (pts) (5 male and 4 female, mean age 61 ± 13 years) with DbCM (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter 65 ± 2.3mm; ejection fraction 27 ± 6) and type 2 diabetes mellitus and 9 pts with IDCM (mean age 60 ± 9 years) matched for sex, age and severity of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Controls were surgical biopsies from 9 pts with mitral stenosis and normal LV dimensions and function. No qualitative morphological changes were observed between DbCM and IDCM although mitochondrial damage and myofibrillolysis appeared more pronounced in DbCM. ROS were 5 times higher in DbCM than in IDCM and controls and were associated with higher expression of cytoplasm iNOS and nitrotyrosine and nuclear 8-OH-dG. Apoptosis was 14 times higher in DbCM than in IDCM and 41 times higher than in controls. Proteomic profile showed in DbCM a reduced expression of proteins related to beta-oxidation and detoxification pathway. CONCLUSIONS DbCM is a distinctive ROS-mediated disorder with oxidative damage of myocyte's structural proteins and DNA causing cell dysfunction and death. Reduced expression of beta-oxidation proteins suggests a decline of energy production and of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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4
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Tiwari V, Solanki V, Tiwari M. In-vivoandin-vitrotechniques used to investigate Alzheimer's disease. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1044129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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5
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Douam F, Ploss A. Proteomic approaches to analyzing hepatitis C virus biology. Proteomics 2015; 15:2051-65. [PMID: 25809442 PMCID: PMC4559851 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Acute infection often progresses to chronicity resulting frequently in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in rare cases, in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HCV has proven to be an arduous object of research and has raised important technical challenges, several experimental models have been developed all over the last two decades in order to improve our understanding of the virus life cycle, pathogenesis and virus-host interactions. The recent development of direct acting-agents, leading to considerable progress in treatment of patients, represents the direct outcomes of these achievements. Proteomic approaches have been of critical help to shed light on several aspect of the HCV biology such as virion composition, viral replication, and virus assembly and to unveil diagnostic or prognostic markers of HCV-induced liver disease. Here, we review how proteomic approaches have led to improve our understanding of HCV life cycle and liver disease, thus highlighting the relevance of these approaches for studying the complex interactions between other challenging human viral pathogens and their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Douam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
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6
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Reali V, Mehdawy B, Nardacci R, Filomeni G, Risuglia A, Rossin F, Antonioli M, Marsella C, Fimia GM, Piacentini M, Di Sano F. Reticulon protein-1C is a key component of MAMs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:733-45. [PMID: 25573430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle fundamental for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the determination of cell fate under stress conditions. Reticulon-1C (RTN-1C) is a member of the reticulon family proteins localized primarily on the ER membrane and known to regulate ER structure and function. Several cellular processes depend on the structural and functional crosstalk between different organelles, particularly on the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These dynamic contacts, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and participate in lipid and calcium exchanges between the two organelles. In this study we investigated the impact of RTN-1C modulation on mitochondrial dynamics. We demonstrate that RTN-1C controls mitochondrial structure and function affecting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and lipid exchange between ER and mitochondria. We propose that these events depend on RTN-1C involvement in the regulation of ER-mitochondria cross-talk and define a role for RTN-1C in maintaining the function of contacts between the two organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Reali
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bisan Mehdawy
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Risuglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marsella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Tiwari V, Tiwari M. Quantitative proteomics to study carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:512. [PMID: 25309531 PMCID: PMC4176082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia, respiratory infections and urinary tract infections. The prevalence of this lethal pathogen increases gradually in the clinical setup where it can grow on artificial surfaces, utilize ethanol as a carbon source. Moreover it resists desiccation. Carbapenems, a β-lactam, are the most commonly prescribed drugs against A. baumannii. Resistance against carbapenem has emerged in Acinetobacter baumannii which can create significant health problems and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. With the development of quantitative proteomics, a considerable progress has been made in the study of carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii. Recent updates showed that quantitative proteomics has now emerged as an important tool to understand the carbapenem resistance mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii. Present review also highlights the complementary nature of different quantitative proteomic methods used to study carbapenem resistance and suggests to combine multiple proteomic methods for understanding the response to antibiotics by Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of RajasthanAjmer, India
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8
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Autophagy in HCV infection: keeping fat and inflammation at bay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:265353. [PMID: 25162004 PMCID: PMC4138948 DOI: 10.1155/2014/265353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease. Viral persistence and pathogenesis rely mainly on the ability of HCV to deregulate specific host processes, including lipid metabolism and innate immunity. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a cellular pathway, playing a role in several aspects of HCV infection. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that link the HCV life cycle with autophagy machinery. In particular, we discuss the role of HCV/autophagy interaction in dysregulating inflammation and lipid homeostasis and its potential for translational applications in the treatment of HCV-infected patients.
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9
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Farrokhi V, McShane AJ, Nemati R, Yao X. Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry for membrane transporter quantitation. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 15:1222-31. [PMID: 24022320 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an introduction to stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MS) and its emerging applications in the analysis of membrane transporter proteins. Various approaches and application examples, for the generation and use of quantitation reference standards—either stable isotope-labeled peptides or proteins—are discussed as they apply to the MS quantitation of membrane proteins. Technological considerations for the sample preparation of membrane transporter proteins are also presented.
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10
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Rodrigues JR, Couto A, Cabezas A, Pinto RM, Ribeiro JM, Canales J, Costas MJ, Cameselle JC. Bifunctional homodimeric triokinase/FMN cyclase: contribution of protein domains to the activities of the human enzyme and molecular dynamics simulation of domain movements. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10620-10636. [PMID: 24569995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian triokinase, which phosphorylates exogenous dihydroxyacetone and fructose-derived glyceraldehyde, is neither molecularly identified nor firmly associated to an encoding gene. Human FMN cyclase, which splits FAD and other ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds to ribonucleoside monophosphate and cyclic X-phosphodiester, is identical to a DAK-encoded dihydroxyacetone kinase. This bifunctional protein was identified as triokinase. It was modeled as a homodimer of two-domain (K and L) subunits. Active centers lie between K1 and L2 or K2 and L1: dihydroxyacetone binds K and ATP binds L in different subunits too distant (≈ 14 Å) for phosphoryl transfer. FAD docked to the ATP site with ribityl 4'-OH in a possible near-attack conformation for cyclase activity. Reciprocal inhibition between kinase and cyclase reactants confirmed substrate site locations. The differential roles of protein domains were supported by their individual expression: K was inactive, and L displayed cyclase but not kinase activity. The importance of domain mobility for the kinase activity of dimeric triokinase was highlighted by molecular dynamics simulations: ATP approached dihydroxyacetone at distances below 5 Å in near-attack conformation. Based upon structure, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, relevant residues were mutated to alanine, and kcat and Km were assayed whenever kinase and/or cyclase activity was conserved. The results supported the roles of Thr(112) (hydrogen bonding of ATP adenine to K in the closed active center), His(221) (covalent anchoring of dihydroxyacetone to K), Asp(401) and Asp(403) (metal coordination to L), and Asp(556) (hydrogen bonding of ATP or FAD ribose to L domain). Interestingly, the His(221) point mutant acted specifically as a cyclase without kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain; Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, P-2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Couto
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alicia Cabezas
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rosa María Pinto
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - João Meireles Ribeiro
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Canales
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Jesús Costas
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Carlos Cameselle
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Norberg E, Perdomo AB, Olsson M, Ciccosanti F, Orrenius S, Fimia GM, Piacentini M, Zhivotovsky B. Caspase-2 promotes cytoskeleton protein degradation during apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e940. [PMID: 24309927 PMCID: PMC3877538 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The caspase family of proteases cleaves large number of proteins resulting in major morphological and biochemical changes during apoptosis. Yet, only a few of these proteins have been reported to selectively cleaved by caspase-2. Numerous observations link caspase-2 to the disruption of the cytoskeleton, although it remains elusive whether any of the cytoskeleton proteins serve as bona fide substrates for caspase-2. Here, we undertook an unbiased proteomic approach to address this question. By differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we identified four cytoskeleton proteins that were degraded upon treatment with active recombinant caspase-2 in vitro. These proteins were degraded in a caspase-2-dependent manner during apoptosis induced by DNA damage, cytoskeleton disruption or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hence, degradation of these cytoskeleton proteins was blunted by siRNA targeting of caspase-2 and when caspase-2 activity was pharmacologically inhibited. However, none of these proteins was cleaved directly by caspase-2. Instead, we provide evidence that in cells exposed to apoptotic stimuli, caspase-2 probed these proteins for proteasomal degradation. Taken together, our results depict a new role for caspase-2 in the regulation of the level of cytoskeleton proteins during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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12
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Xu MY, Jia XF, Qu Y, Zheng RD, Yuan ZH, Weng HL, Dooley S, Wang XP, Zhang LJ, Lu LG. Serum dihydroxyacetone kinase peptide m/z 520.3 as predictor of disease severity in patients with compensated chronic hepatitis B. J Transl Med 2013; 11:234. [PMID: 24289155 PMCID: PMC3851457 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aim Due to known limitations of liver biopsy, reliable non-invasive serum biomarkers for chronic liver diseases are needed. We performed serum peptidomics for such investigation in compensated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed peptides in sera from 40 CHB patients (20 with S0G0-S1G1 and 20 with S3G3-S4G4). Ion pair quantification from differentially expressed peptides in a validation set of sera from 86 CHB patients was done with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Results 21 differentially represented peptide peaks were found through LC-MS/MS. Ion pairs generated from eleven of these peptides (m/z < 800) were quantified by MRM. Summed peak area ratios of 6 ion pairs from peptide m/z 520.3 (176.1, 353.7, 459.8, 503.3, 351.3, 593.1), which was identified as dihydroxyacetone kinase (DAK) fragment, decreased from mild to advanced stages of fibrosis or inflammation. Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (AUROCs) of five ion models discriminating fibrosis degrees were 0.871 ~ 0.915 (S2-4 versus S0-1) and 0.804 ~ 0.924 (S3-4 versus S0-2). AUROCs discriminating inflammation grades were 0.840 ~ 0.902 (G2-4 versus G0-1) and 0.787 ~ 0.888 (G3-4 versus G0-2). The diagnostic power of these models provides improved sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease progression as compared to aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4, Forn’s index and serum DAK protein. Conclusions The peptide fragment (m/z 520.3) of DAK is a promising biomarker to guide timing of antiviral treatment and to avoid liver biopsy in compensated CHB patients.
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Noguchi Y, Kurokawa MS, Okuse C, Matsumoto N, Nagai K, Sato T, Arito M, Suematsu N, Okamoto K, Suzuki M, Itoh F, Kato T. Serum peptides, represented by complement 3f des-arginine, are useful for prediction of the response to pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:743-56. [PMID: 23216931 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Biomarkers predicting sustained virological response (SVR) to pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin (PEG IFN-α/RBV) were investigated. METHODS Peptides in pretreatment sera from 107 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 were comprehensively analyzed by mass spectrometry. Ion intensity of the peptides was used to generate discriminant models between the responders who achieved SVR (R) and the non-responders (NR) to PEG IFN-α/RBV. RESULTS In total, 107 peptides were detected in a training set (n = 23). A discriminant model using a peptide, complement 3f des-arginine (C3f-dR), showed sensitivity of 35% and specificity of 94% for SVR prediction in a testing set (n = 68). In all the R and NR (n = 96), an area under the receiver-operator curve (AUROC) of 0.64 in the C3f-dR model was increased to 0.78 by addition of platelet (PLT) counts (C3f-dR/PLT model). Another model using the 107 peptides (AUROC, 0.77) also showed higher AUROC (0.79) by addition of hemoglobin (Hb), body mass index (BMI) and age (107P/Hb/BMI/Age model). The sensitivity and specificity of the C3f-dR/PLT model were 59% and 88%, and those of the 107P/Hb/BMI/Age model were 70% and 92%, respectively. The C3f-dR/PLT model showed high AUROC (0.82), similar to that of interleukin-28B rs8099917 genotype analysis (0.86) in the 45 tested patients. Prediction by the combination of the C3f-dR/PLT model, the 107P/Hb/BMI/Age model and the rs8099917 genotype analysis was accurate in 44 out of the 45 patients (AUROC, 0.95). CONCLUSION Serum peptides, especially C3f-dR, would be useful predictors for SVR to PEG IFN-α/RBV. The complements may be involved in the HCV elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Noguchi
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
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14
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Protein from the fraction remaining after RNA extraction is useful for proteomics but care must be exercised in its application. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:46-50. [PMID: 23707946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous isolation of mRNA and proteins from a single small biopsy specimen can be useful for integrated omics studies. Here, we have improved the method for extracting protein from the fraction remaining after RNA isolation by TRIzol reagent, for application in protein and proteome analyses. Protein yield was reduced by half, but the patterns developed on 2D gels were equivalent to conventional urea extractions. Thus, although quantitative profiles of individual proteins were different from conventionally-isolated samples, overall profiles were similar. Therefore, this particular protein source is useful for proteomics but care must be exercised in its application.
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15
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Zhang H, Li H, Yang Y, Li S, Ren H, Zhang D, Hu H. Differential regulation of host genes including hepatic fatty acid synthase in HBV-transgenic mice. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2967-79. [PMID: 23675653 DOI: 10.1021/pr400247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common of the hepatitis viruses that cause chronic liver infections in humans, and it is considered to be a major global health problem. To gain a better understanding of HBV pathogenesis, and identify novel putative targets for anti-HBV therapy, this study was designed to elucidate the differential expression of host proteins in liver tissue from HBV-transgenic mice. Liver samples from two groups, (1) HBV-transgenic (Tg) mice, (2) corresponding background normal mice, wild-type (WT) mice, were collected and subjected to iTRAQ and mass spectrometry analysis. In total, 1950 unique proteins were identified, and 68 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in HBV-Tg mice as compared with that in WT mice. Several differentially expressed proteins were further validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the association of HBV replication with fatty acid synthase (FASN), one of the highly expressed proteins in HBV-Tg mice, was verified. Silencing of FASN expression in HepG2.2.15 cells suppressed viral replication through the IFN signaling pathway, and some downstream antiviral effectors. The implicated role of FASN in HBV replication provides an opportunity to test existing compounds against FASN for adjuvant therapy and/or treatment of HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- G Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Mancone C, Ciccosanti F, Montaldo C, Perdomo AB, Piacentini M, Alonzi T, Fimia GM, Tripodi M. Applying proteomic technology to clinical virology. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 19:23-28. [PMID: 23034105 PMCID: PMC7129767 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing antiviral drugs, vaccines and diagnostic markers is still the most ambitious challenge in clinical virology. In the past few decades, data from high‐throughput technologies have allowed for the rapid development of new antiviral therapeutic strategies, thus making a profound impact on translational research. Most of the current preclinical studies in virology are aimed at evaluating the dynamic composition and localization of the protein platforms involved in various host–virus interactions. Among the different possible approaches, mass spectrometry‐based proteomics is increasingly being used to define the protein composition in subcellular compartments, quantify differential protein expression among samples, characterize protein complexes, and analyse protein post‐translational modifications. Here, we review the current knowledge of the most useful proteomic approaches in the study of viral persistence and pathogenicity, with a particular focus on recent advances in hepatitis C research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mancone
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S.; Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome.
| | - F Ciccosanti
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S
| | - C Montaldo
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S.; Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - A B Perdomo
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S
| | - M Piacentini
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S.; Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - T Alonzi
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S
| | - G M Fimia
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S
| | - M Tripodi
- 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S.; 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S
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