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Šafanda A, Kendall Bártů M, Michálková R, Švajdler M, Shatokhina T, Laco J, Matěj R, Méhes G, Drozenová J, Hausnerová J, Špůrková Z, Škarda J, Hácová M, Náležinská M, Dundr P, Němejcová K. The role of stathmin expression in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and potential treatment of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:118. [PMID: 39215355 PMCID: PMC11363365 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stathmin, a cytosolic microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of mitosis, is widely expressed in various malignancies and acts as an adverse prognostic factor. Our research analyzed its immunohistochemical expression on a large cohort of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, evaluating its potential utility in differential diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic application. METHODS We examined 390 cases of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors including 281 adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT), 5 juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT), 33 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT), 50 fibromas/thecomas (F/T), 11 Leydig cell tumors/steroid cell tumors (LCT/SterCT), 5 sex-cord stromal tumors NOS (SCST-NOS), 3 Sertoli cell tumors (SCT), and 2 sclerosing stromal tumors (ScST). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using TMAs. RESULTS Strong expression (> 50%) was observed in all cases of AGCT, JGCT, SLCT, SCST-NOS, SCT and 1 ScST. The other case of ScST exhibited mild expression (5-10%). The negative cases included exclusively F/T and LCT/SterCT, with F/T showing 24% of negative cases and LCT/SterCT comprising 64% of negative cases. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that stathmin is neither a prognostic marker nor suitable for the differential diagnosis of challenging cases of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. However, its predictive value may be theoretically significant, as a decrease in stathmin expression potentialy influences response to chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šafanda
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tetiana Shatokhina
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Charles University 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, 10034, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, Charles University 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, 10034, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Špůrková
- Department of Pathology, Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Hácová
- Department of Pathology, The Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Náležinská
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic.
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Montero-Calle A, Jiménez de Ocaña S, Benavente-Naranjo R, Rejas-González R, Bartolomé RA, Martínez-Useros J, Sanz R, Dziaková J, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Mendiola M, Casal JI, Peláez-García A, Barderas R. Functional Proteomics Characterization of the Role of SPRYD7 in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2548. [PMID: 37947626 PMCID: PMC10648221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SPRY domain-containing protein 7 (SPRYD7) is a barely known protein identified via spatial proteomics as being upregulated in highly metastatic-to-liver KM12SM colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in comparison to its isogenic poorly metastatic KM12C CRC cells. Here, we aimed to analyze SPRYD7's role in CRC via functional proteomics. Through immunohistochemistry, the overexpression of SPRYD7 was observed to be associated with the poor survival of CRC patients and with an aggressive and metastatic phenotype. Stable SPRYD7 overexpression was performed in KM12C and SW480 poorly metastatic CRC cells and in their isogenic highly metastatic-to-liver-KM12SM-and-to-lymph-nodes SW620 CRC cells, respectively. Upon upregulation of SPRYD7, in vitro and in vivo functional assays confirmed a key role of SPRYD7 in the invasion and migration of CRC cells and in liver homing and tumor growth. Additionally, transient siRNA SPRYD7 silencing allowed us to confirm in vitro functional results. Furthermore, SPRYD7 was observed as an inductor of angiogenesis. In addition, the dysregulated SPRYD7-associated proteome and SPRYD7 interactors were elucidated via 10-plex TMT quantitative proteins, immunoproteomics, and bioinformatics. After WB validation, the biological pathways associated with the stable overexpression of SPRYD7 were visualized. In conclusion, it was demonstrated here that SPRYD7 is a novel protein associated with CRC progression and metastasis. Thus, SPRYD7 and its interactors might be of relevance in identifying novel therapeutic targets for advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Sofía Jiménez de Ocaña
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Ruth Benavente-Naranjo
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Raquel Rejas-González
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Rubén A. Bartolomé
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Martínez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Sanz
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Jana Dziaková
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - José Ignacio Casal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
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Bartolomé RA, Casal JI. Proteomic profiling and network biology of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:357-370. [PMID: 37874121 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2275681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-based proteomic studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis have delivered fragmented results, with very few therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers moving beyond the discovery phase. This situation is likely due to the difficulties in obtaining and analyzing large numbers of patient-derived metastatic samples, the own heterogeneity of CRC, and technical limitations in proteomics discovery. As an alternative, metastatic CRC cell lines provide a flexible framework to investigate the underlying mechanisms and network biology of metastasis for target discovery. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, we comment on different in-depth proteomic studies of metastatic versus non-metastatic CRC cell lines. Identified metastasis-related proteins are introduced and discussed according to the spatial location in different cellular fractions, with special emphasis on membrane/adhesion proteins, secreted proteins, and nuclear factors, including miRNAs associated with liver metastasis. Moreover, we analyze the biological significance and potential therapeutic applications of the identified liver metastasis-related proteins. EXPERT OPINION The combination of protein discovery and functional analysis is the only way to accelerate the progress to clinical translation of the proteomic-derived findings in a relatively fast pace. Patient-derived organoids represent a promising alternative to patient tissues and cell lines, but further optimizations are still required for achieving solid and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
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Liu R, Liang X, Guo H, Li S, Yao W, Dong C, Wu J, Lu Y, Tang J, Zhang H. STNM1 in human cancers: role, function and potential therapy sensitizer. Cell Signal 2023:110775. [PMID: 37331415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
STMN1 belongs to the stathmin gene family, it encodes a cytoplasmic phosphorylated protein, stathmin1, which is commonly observed in vertebrate cells. STMN1 is a structural microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that binds to microtubule protein dimers rather than microtubules, with each STMN1 binding two microtubule protein dimers and preventing their aggregation, leading to microtubule instability. STMN1 expression is elevated in a number of malignancies, and inhibition of its expression can interfere with tumor cell division. Its expression can change the division of tumor cells, thereby arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase. Moreover, STMN1 expression affects tumor cell sensitivity to anti-microtubule drug analogs, including vincristine and paclitaxel. The research on MAPs is limited, and new insights on the mechanism of STMN1 in different cancers are emerging. The effective application of STMN1 in cancer prognosis and treatment requires further understanding of this protein. Here, we summarize the general characteristics of STMN1 and outline how STMN1 plays a role in cancer development, targeting multiple signaling networks and acting as a downstream target for multiple microRNAs, circRNAs, and lincRNAs. We also summarize recent findings on the function role of STMN1 in tumor resistance and as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang L, Pan Q, Wu Y, Zhang P, Li S, Xu Y, Li D, Zheng M, Pei D, Wang Q. ORP8 inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by accelerating Stathmin1 degradation and microtubule polymerization. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113601. [PMID: 37054771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
ORP8 has been reported to suppress tumor progression in various malignancies. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of ORP8 are still unknown in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, decreased expression of ORP8 was detected in RCC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays verified that ORP8 suppressed RCC cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Mechanistically, ORP8 attenuated Stathmin1 expression by accelerating ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation and led to an increase in microtubule polymerization. Lastly, ORP8 knockdown partly rescued microtubule polymerization, as well as aggressive cell phenotypes induced by paclitaxel. Our findings elucidated that ORP8 suppressed the malignant progression of RCC by increasing Stathmin1 degradation and microtubule polymerization, thus suggesting that ORP8 might be a novel target for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Pan
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China; Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shibao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maojin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingling Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Fang Z, Lin M, Chen S, Liu H, Zhu M, Hu Y, Han S, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhu F, Xu C, Gong C. E2F1 promotes cell cycle progression by stabilizing spindle fiber in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:90. [PMID: 36221072 PMCID: PMC9552509 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E2F1 is a transcription factor that regulates cell cycle progression. It is highly expressed in most cancer cells and activates transcription of cell cycle-related kinases. Stathmin1 and transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) are factors that enhance the stability of spindle fiber. METHODS The E2F1-mediated transcription of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) and stathmin1 was examined using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase reporter. Protein-protein interaction was studied using co-IP. The spindle structure was shown by immunofluorescence. Phenotype experiments were performed through MTS assay, flow cytometry, and tumor xenografts. Clinical colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens were analyzed based on immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The present study showed that E2F1 expression correlates positively with the expression levels of stathmin1 and TACC3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and that E2F1 transactivates stathmin1 and TACC3 in CRC cells. Furthermore, protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of stathmin1 at Ser16 is essential to the phosphorylation of TACC3 at Ser558, facilitating the assembly of TACC3/clathrin/α-tubulin complexes during spindle formation. Overexpression of Ser16-mutated stathmin1, as well as knockdown of stathmin1 or TACC3, lead to ectopic spindle poles including disorganized and multipolar spindles. Overexpression of wild-type but not Ser16-mutated stathmin1 promotes cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Consistently, a high level of E2F1, stathmin1, or TACC3 not only associates with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and distant metastasis, but predicts poor survival in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS E2F1 drives the cell cycle of CRC by promoting spindle assembly, in which E2F1-induced stathmin1 and TACC3 enhance the stability of spindle fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmen, 317100, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 15 Taihe Road, Hairun Street, Sanmen, 317100, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Min Lin
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Shenghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Minjing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 15 Taihe Road, Hairun Street, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 15 Taihe Road, Hairun Street, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 15 Taihe Road, Hairun Street, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Yizhang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 15 Taihe Road, Hairun Street, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 15 Taihe Road, Hairun Street, Sanmen, 317100, China.
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 19 Zhongshan Bei Road, Xuzhou, 221100, China.
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of N14-Amino Acid-Substituted Tetrandrine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents against Human Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134040. [PMID: 35807286 PMCID: PMC9268013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, tetrandrine (TET) is clinically used for the treatment of silicosis, inflammatory pulmonary, and cardiovascular diseases in China. Recent investigations have demonstrated the outstanding anticancer activity of this structure, but its poor aqueous solubility severely restricts its further development. Herein, a series of its 14-N-amino acid-substituted derivatives with improved anticancer effects and aqueous solubility were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 16 displayed the best antiproliferative activity against human colorectal cancer (HCT-15) cells, with an IC50 value of 0.57 μM. Compared with TET, 16 was markedly improved in terms of aqueous solubility (by 5-fold). Compound 16 significantly suppressed the colony formation, migration, and invasion of HCT-15 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with it being more potent in this respect than TET. Additionally, compound 16 markedly impaired the morphology and motility of HCT-15 cells and induced the death of colorectal cancer cells in double-staining and flow cytometry assays. Western blot results revealed that 16 could induce the autophagy of HCT-15 cells by significantly decreasing the content of p62/SQSTM1 and enhancing the Beclin-1 level and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I. Further study showed that 16 effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of umbilical vein endothelial cells, manifesting in a potent anti-angiogenesis effect. Overall, these results revealed the potential of 16 as a promising candidate for further preclinical studies.
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Abdellatif AAH, Tolba NS, Alsharidah M, Al Rugaie O, Bouazzaoui A, Saleem I, Ali AT. PEG-4000 formed polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cetuximab downregulate p21 &stathmin-1 gene expression in cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 295:120403. [PMID: 35176277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is known to have cytotoxic effects on several human cancer cells in vitro; however, as CTX is poorly water soluble, there is a need for improved formulations can reach cancer cells at high concentrations with low side effects. We developed (PEG-4000) polymeric nanoparticles (PEGNPs) loaded with CTX and evaluated their in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer properties against human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. CTX-PEGNPs were formulated using the solvent evaporation technique, and their morphological properties were evaluated. Further, the effects of CTX-PEGNPs on cell viability using the MTT assay and perform gene expression analysis, DNA fragmentation measurements, and the comet assay. CTX-PEGNP showed uniformly dispersed NPs of nano-size range (253.7 ± 0.3 nm), and low polydispersity index (0.16) indicating the stability and uniformity of NPs. Further, the zeta potential of the preparations was -17.0 ± 1.8 mv. DSC and FTIR confirmed the entrapping of CTX in NPs. The results showed IC50 values of 2.26 μg/mL and 1.83 μg/mL for free CTX and CTX-PEGNPs on the A549 cancer cell line, respectively. Moreover, CTX-PEGNPs had a lower IC50 of 1.12 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells than that of free CTX (2.28 μg/mL). The expression levels of p21 and stathmin-1 were significantly decreased in both cell lines treated with CTX-PEGNPs compared to CTX alone. The CTX-PEGNP-treated cells also showed increased DNA fragmentation rates in both cancer cell lines compared with CTX alone. The results indicated that CTX-PEGNP was an improved formulation than CTX alone to induce apoptosis and DNA damage and inhibit cell proliferation through the downregulation of P21 and stathmin-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Nahla Sameh Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sadat City University, Monufia 32897, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, P.O. Box 991, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.; Medical Clinic, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Imran Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Asmaa T Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt.
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Zarin B, Eshraghi A, Zarifi F, Javanmard SH, Laher I, Amin B, Vaseghi G. A review on the role of tau and stathmin in gastric cancer metastasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174312. [PMID: 34245746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is resistant to chemotherapy, especially in the later stages. The prevalence of gastric cancer increases after the age of 40, and its peak is in the 7th decade of life. The proteins tau (tubulin associated unit) and stathmin are overexpressed in gastric cancer and contribute to the progression of the disease by increasing cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and inducing drug resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression of tau protein and stathmin in gastric cancer and their roles in drug resistance. Medline and PubMed databases were searched from 1990 till February 2021 for the terms "tau protein", "stathmin", and "gastric cancer." Two reviewers screened all articles and assessed prognostic studies on the role of tau and stathmin proteins in gastric cancer progression. Collectively, studies reported that both proteins are expressed at different concentrations in gastric cancer and could be significant molecular biomarkers for prognosis. Both proteins could be good candidates for targeted therapy of gastric cancer and are associated with resistance to taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Zarin
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Eshraghi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zarifi
- Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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10
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Lindhorst PH, Hummon AB. Proteomics of Colorectal Cancer: Tumors, Organoids, and Cell Cultures-A Minireview. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:604492. [PMID: 33363210 PMCID: PMC7758474 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics, the study of the complete protein composition of a sample, is an important field for cancer research. Changes in the proteome can serve as a biomarker of cancer or lead to the development of a targeted therapy. This minireview will focus on mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies applied specifically to colorectal cancer, particularly the variety of cancer model systems used, including tumor samples, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures such as spheroids and organoids. A thorough discussion of the application of these systems will accompany the review of the literature, as each provides distinct advantages and disadvantages for colorectal cancer research. Finally, we provide conclusions and future perspectives for the application of these model systems to cancer research as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Lindhorst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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11
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Bi C, Cui H, Fan H, Li L. LncRNA LINC01116 Promotes the Development of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting miR-9-5p/STMN1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10547-10558. [PMID: 33116633 PMCID: PMC7573327 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to research the role of LINC01116 in the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and development of colorectal cancer cells. METHODS In total 62 colorectal cancer patient tissues and human CRC cell lines (OUMS23, SW116, SW480 and LOVO) were obtained for this study. SiLINC01116, miR-9-5p mimic, LINC01116, oe-STMN1 and their controls were transfected. The qRT-PCR method and Western blot were used to detect the levels of LINC01116, miR-9-5p and STMN1 in tissues and cells. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were processed for proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Transwell assay was undertaken to verify invasion and migration. Luciferase assay and pull down assay were processed to confirm the binding relationship among LINC01116, miR-9-5p and STMN1. Immunohistochemistry assay also detected the expression of STMN1. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze patient survival rate. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the regulatory relationship between LINC01116, miR-9-5p and STMN1 in tissues. RESULTS LINC01116 was expressed higher in CRC tissues and cells. Patients with higher expression of LINC01116 had worse prognosis. Knockdown of LINC01116 suppressed development of CRC cell. LINC01116 negatively regulated miR-9-5p, while MiR-9-5p was negatively related to STMN1. miR-9-5p mimic could rescue the effect of LINC01116, inhibit migration and invasion, and improve apoptosis of CRC cells. Oe-STMN1 could also rescue the effect of miR-9-5p on the development of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION LINC01116 promoted the development of colorectal cancer via modulating miR-9-5p/STMN1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyao Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao266300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266041, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Zyxin (ZYX) promotes invasion and acts as a biomarker for aggressive phenotypes of human glioblastoma multiforme. J Transl Med 2020; 100:812-823. [PMID: 31949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive growth, which leads to extensive infiltration and makes complete tumor excision difficult. Since cytoskeleton proteins are related to leading processes and cell motility, and through analysis of public GBM databases, we determined that an actin-interacting protein, zyxin (ZYX), may involved in GBM invasion. Our own glioma cohort as well as the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Rembrandt, and Gravendeel databases consistently showed that increased ZYX expression was related to tumor progression and poor prognosis of glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the oncogenic roles of ZYX and demonstrated the role of ZYX in GBM invasive growth. Moreover, RNA-seq and mass-spectrum data from GBM cells with or without ZYX revealed that stathmin 1 (STMN1) was a potential target of ZYX. Subsequently, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of STMN1 were positively regulated by ZYX. Functionally, STMN1 not only promoted invasion of GBM cells but also rescued the invasion repression caused by ZYX loss. Taken together, our results indicate that high ZYX expression was associated with worse prognosis and highlighted that the ZYX-STMN1 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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13
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Gao J, Ma S, Yang F, Chen X, Wang W, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang T, Shan L. miR‑193b exhibits mutual interaction with MYC, and suppresses growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:139-155. [PMID: 32377743 PMCID: PMC7254955 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the malignant behavior of cancer. The present study explored the role of miR‑193b in the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Compared with F4 osteosarcoma cells, which have a relatively low metastatic potential, highly metastatic F5M2 cells exhibited a lower expression of miR‑193b. Furthermore, miR‑193b exerted negative effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis. In vivo studies revealed negative influences of miR‑193b on tumorigenesis and metastasis. The tumor‑suppressive role of miR‑193b was achieved by targeting KRAS and stathmin 1 (STMN1). Notably, overexpression of KRAS and STMN1 attenuated the miR‑193b‑induced inhibition of malignant behaviors. There was a double‑negative regulatory loop between MYC and miR‑193b, with MYC inhibiting miR‑193b expression by directly binding to its promoter region and miR‑193b negatively influencing MYC expression indirectly through some unknown mechanism. Collectively, these findings indicated that miR‑193b may serve a tumor suppressive role in osteosarcoma by targeting KRAS and STMN1. The double‑negative regulatory loop between MYC and miR‑193b may contribute to the sustained upregulation of MYC, the downregulation of miR‑193b, and to the subsequently enhanced expression of KRAS and STMN1, which may eventually lead to the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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14
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Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the era of model-informed drug development: Applications in translational pharmacology and recommendations for best practice. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Zhang D, Dai L, Yang Z, Wang X, LanNing Y. Association of STMN1 with survival in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2019; 34:108-116. [PMID: 30966849 DOI: 10.1177/1724600819837210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of Stathmin 1 (STMN1) in malignant solid tumors remains controversial. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the potential value of STMN1 as a biomarker for predicting overall survival in patients with solid tumor. METHODS We systematically searched eligible studies in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE from the establishment date of these databases to September 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association between STMN1 expression and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 25 studies with 4625 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Our combined results showed that high STMN1 expression was associated with poor overall survival in solid tumors (HR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.55, 2.21). In general, our subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that our combined results were stable and reliable. However, from the results of the subgroups we found that high STMN1 expression was not related to overall survival in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer anymore, suggesting that much caution should be taken to interpret our combined result, and more studies with large sample sizes are required to further explore the prognostic value of STMN1 expression in the specific type of tumors, especially colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS STMN1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and could be developed as a valuable therapeutic target for patients with solid tumors. However, due to the limitations of the present meta-analysis, this conclusion should be taken with caution. Further studies adequately designed are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Dai
- 3 Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZengXi Yang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - XiChen Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yin LanNing
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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16
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Marquez J, Kratchmarova I, Akimov V, Unda F, Ibarretxe G, Clerigué AS, Osinalde N, Badiola I. NADH dehydrogenase complex I is overexpressed in incipient metastatic murine colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:742-752. [PMID: 30483808 PMCID: PMC6313061 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most frequently occurring types of cancers in the world. Primary tumours are treated very efficiently, but the metastatic cases are known to have severe outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to obtain a greater understanding of the transformation of primary colon cancer cells into metastatic phenotypes. Small changes in protein expression provoke the metastatic phenotype transformation. More sensitive methods to detect small variations are required. A murine colon cancer cell line with metastatic characteristics in a very early phase was created in order to investigate the first steps of transformation using a murine liver metastasis model. The protein expression patterns of metastatic and non-metastatic cells were compared using the stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture method in combination with mass spectrometry. Quantitative proteomics data indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) dehydrogenase complex I was overexpressed in metastatic cells with respect to non-metastatic cells. Since the NADH dehydrogenase complex catalyses the oxidation of NADH to NAD+, the functionality of the complex was studied by measuring the amount of NADH. The results revealed that metastatic cells accumulate more NADH and reactive oxygen species. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential of metastatic cells was lower than that of non-metastatic cells, indicating that the activity of NADH dehydrogenase and the mitochondrial oxidative chain were decreased in metastatic cells. During the incipient transformation of primary cancer cells, NADH dehydrogenase complex I was overexpressed but then became inactive due to the Warburg effect, which inhibits mitochondrial activity. In the first step of transformation, the high energy demand required in an adverse environment is fulfilled by overexpressing components of the respiratory chain, a fact that should be considered for future anti-metastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marquez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria‑Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Iker Badiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Stathmin is a potential therapeutic target but not a prognostic marker in melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of 323 melanocytic lesions. Melanoma Res 2018; 29:157-162. [PMID: 30422880 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In several solid tumors, an increased stathmin expression is associated with both poor prognosis and resistance to certain chemotherapy types. However, the data regarding melanocytic lesions are very limited. The goals of our study are as follows: the assessment of stathmin expression in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, and the significance of its expression for the differential diagnostics between benign and malignant lesions; the analysis of the prognostic significance of stathmin expression in melanoma; and the evaluation of stathmin expression in melanoma and melanoma metastases with respect to possible therapeutic targeting. Immunohistochemical analysis of stathmin expression was done in 323 melanocytic lesions, including 205 primary cutaneous melanomas, 60 melanoma metastases, and 58 melanocytic nevi. Stathmin expression was found in all analyzed groups of melanocytic lesions. Using the H-scoring system, the observed intensity of expression was as follows: melanocytic nevi: 146.1 (mean) and 150 (median); melanomas: 116.7 (mean) and 110 (median); and melanoma metastases: 136.8 (mean) and 140 (median). The stathmin expression was significantly lower in the cohort of primary melanomas when compared with metastases and nevi (P=0.001). The stathmin expression showed no prognostic significance. The high stathmin expression in melanoma suggests that stathmin might be a promising marker for therapeutic targeting in ongoing clinical trials. Compared with several other solid tumors, stathmin expression in melanoma showed no prognostic significance. The potential use of stathmin expression in differential diagnostics is limited by its common expression, and despite the statistically significant differences between nevi and melanoma, it may not be used in this setting.
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18
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Setyawati MI, Sevencan C, Bay BH, Xie J, Zhang Y, Demokritou P, Leong DT. Nano-TiO 2 Drives Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800922. [PMID: 29968352 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cancer mortality is associated with cancer metastasis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells attain migratory and invasive properties, eventually leading to cancer metastasis. Here, it is shown that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 ), a common food additive, can induce the EMT process in colorectal cancer cells. Nano-TiO2 exposure is observed to activate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and wingless (Wnt) pathways, and drive the EMT process. Similarly, silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO2 ) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HA), as food-based additives, can be ingested and accumulated in the stomach, and are found to be able to induce the EMT progression. The implication of this work can be profound for colorectal cancer patients where these food additives may unknowingly and unnecessarily hasten the progression of their cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemicals and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Cansu Sevencan
- Department of Chemicals and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemicals and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemicals and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Tan HT, Chung MCM. Label-Free Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Regulation of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein upon Stathmin-1 Silencing in a Pair of Isogenic Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700242. [PMID: 29460479 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we present the phosphoproteome changes in an isogenic pair of colorectal cancer cell lines, viz., the poorly metastatic HCT-116 and the highly metastatic derivative E1, upon stathmin-1 (STMN1) knockdown. The aim was to better understand how the alterations of the phosphoproteins in these cells are involved in cancer metastasis. After the phosphopeptides were enriched using the TiO2 HAMMOC approach, comparative proteomics analysis was carried out using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra-MS. Following bioinformatics analysis using MarkerView and OneOmics platforms, we identified a list of regulated phosphoproteins that may play a potential role in signaling, maintenance of cytoskeletal structure, and focal adhesion. Among these phosphoproteins, was the actin cytoskeleton regulator protein, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), where its change in phosphorylation status was found to be concomitant with STMN1-associated roles in metastasis. We further showed that silencing of stathmin-1 altered the expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of VASP, which suggested that it might be associated with remodeling of the cell cytoskeleton in colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Tong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxey Ching Ming Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Key genes and regulatory networks involved in the initiation, progression and invasion of colorectal cancer. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO278. [PMID: 29568567 PMCID: PMC5859335 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Until now, identification of drug targets for treatment of patients with specific stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) has remained a challenging field of research. Herein, we aimed to identify the key genes and regulatory networks involved in each stage of CRC. Results The results of gene expression profiles were integrated with protein-protein interaction networks, and topologically analyzed. The most important regulatory genes (e.g., CDK1, UBC, ESR1 and ATXN1) and signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, MAPK and JAK-STAT) in CRC initiation, progression and metastasis were identified. In vitro analysis confirmed some in silico findings. Conclusion Our study introduces functional hub genes, subnetworks, prioritizes signaling pathways and novel biomarkers in CRC that may guide further development of targeted therapy programs.
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21
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High stathmin expression is a marker for poor clinical outcome in endometrial cancer: An NRG oncology group/gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:247-253. [PMID: 28532857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 177 demonstrated that addition of paclitaxel to a backbone of adriamycin/cisplatin improves overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Using patient specimens from GOG-177, our objective was to identify potential mechanisms underlying the improved clinical response to taxanes. Stathmin (STMN1) is a recognized poor prognostic marker in endometrial cancer that functions as a microtubule depolymerizing protein, allowing cells to transit rapidly through mitosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that one possible mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of paclitaxel could be to counter the impact of stathmin. METHODS We analyzed the expression of stathmin by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 69 specimens from patients enrolled on GOG-177. We also determined the correlation between stathmin mRNA expression and clinical outcomes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for endometrial cancer. RESULTS We first established that stathmin expression was significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS for all analyzed cases in both GOG-177 and TCGA. However, subgroup analysis from GOG-177 revealed that high stathmin correlated with poor PFS and OS particularly in patients who received adriamycin/cisplatin only. In contrast, there was no statistically significant association between stathmin expression and OS or PFS in patients treated with paclitaxel/adriamycin/cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that high stathmin expression is a poor prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. Paclitaxel may help to negate the impact of stathmin overexpression when treating high risk endometrial cancer cases.
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22
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Biaoxue R, Hua L, Wenlong G, Shuanying Y. Overexpression of stathmin promotes metastasis and growth of malignant solid tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78994-79007. [PMID: 27806343 PMCID: PMC5346693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin has been investigated to be involved in development and progress of malignant tumors. This study was to clarify the relationship between expression of stathmin and tumors and assess its clinical significance. We identified 25 studies with a total of 3,571 individuals from the electronic bibliographic databases and strictly evaluated the quality and heterogeneity of included studies. We analysed the relationship between expression of stathmin and clinical characteristics by the fixed-effects and random-effects of meta-analysis and constructed a summary receiver-operator characteristic curve to estimate the test characteristics. The results showed that patients with cancer displayed a higher stathmin expression than those of non-cancer individuals (OR, 0.31), and overexpression of stathmin correlated with tumor cell differentiation (OR, 0.73), lymph node invasion (OR, 0.80) and high TNM stage (OR, 0.67). The pooled sensitivity of stathmin for distinguishing malignant tumors was 0.73 and the specificity was 0.77. The maximum balance joint for sensitivity and specificity (the Q-value) was 0.7566 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8234. In conclusion, these results showed that overexpression of stathmin intimately correlated with malignant behavior of tumors, suggesting it could be a risk factor of malignant tumors. Stathmin had great sensitivity and specificity indicated it should be a significant molecular biomarker for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Biaoxue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gao Wenlong
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Shuanying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Ding C, Zhang X, Qiu X, Zhang Z. Stathmin1 overexpression in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A new promoter in FaDu cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:31-40. [PMID: 27878293 PMCID: PMC5182004 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin1, a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, is considered to play a crucial role in regulating cellular microtubule dynamics and controlling mitosis. Previous studies have showed that STMN1 is highly expressed in many human malignancies and is related to development, invasion and metastasis of tumors. However, its expression pattern, clinical performance and functional roles in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) have not been addressed. In this study, we found that STMN1 was significantly elevated in HSCC and its expression level was correlated with poor differentiation (P<0.001), clinical stage (P<0.001), large tumor size (P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.008). A positive correlation between STMN1 and Ki-67 expression was also exhibited. High STMN1 expression predicted poor survival. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of STMN1 by siRNAs inhibited the FaDu cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, decreased STMN1 expression in FaDu cells reversed the acquisition of EMT phenotype by upregulating E-cadherin, as well as reduced vimentin expression at protein and mRNA levels. These results suggested that STMN1 plays an important role in proliferation and migration of HSCC and may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target of HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanjin Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
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Adam MG, Matt S, Christian S, Hess-Stumpp H, Haegebarth A, Hofmann TG, Algire C. SIAH ubiquitin ligases regulate breast cancer cell migration and invasion independent of the oxygen status. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3734-47. [PMID: 26654769 PMCID: PMC4825722 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven-in-absentia homolog (SIAH) proteins are evolutionary conserved RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases responsible for the degradation of key molecules regulating DNA damage response, hypoxic adaptation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Many studies suggest a tumorigenic role for SIAH2. In breast cancer patients SIAH2 expression levels correlate with cancer aggressiveness and overall patient survival. In addition, SIAH inhibition reduced metastasis in melanoma. The role of SIAH1 in breast cancer is still ambiguous; both tumorigenic and tumor suppressive functions have been reported. Other studies categorized SIAH ligases as either pro- or antimigratory, while the significance for metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we re-evaluated the effects of SIAH1 and SIAH2 depletion in breast cancer cell lines, focusing on migration and invasion. We successfully knocked down SIAH1 and SIAH2 in several breast cancer cell lines. In luminal type MCF7 cells, this led to stabilization of the SIAH substrate Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 3 (PHD3) and reduced Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) protein levels. Both the knockdown of SIAH1 or SIAH2 led to increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation, with comparable effects. These results point to a tumor promoting role for SIAH1 in breast cancer similar to SIAH2. In addition, depletion of SIAH1 or SIAH2 also led to decreased cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. SIAH knockdown also controlled microtubule dynamics by markedly decreasing the protein levels of stathmin, most likely via p27(Kip1). Collectively, these results suggest that both SIAH ligases promote a migratory cancer cell phenotype and could contribute to metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordian Adam
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany.,b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
| | - Sonja Matt
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sven Christian
- b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas G Hofmann
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Carolyn Algire
- b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
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25
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Biaoxue R, Xiguang C, Hua L, Shuanying Y. Stathmin-dependent molecular targeting therapy for malignant tumor: the latest 5 years' discoveries and developments. J Transl Med 2016; 14:279. [PMID: 27670291 PMCID: PMC5037901 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms on malignant tumors is very critical for the development of new treatment strategies like molecularly targeted therapies. In last 5 years, many investigations suggest that stathmin is over-expressed in a variety of human malignant tumors, and potentially promotes the occurrence and development of tumors. Rather, down-regulation of stathmin can reduce cell proliferation, motility and metastasis and induce apoptosis of malignant tumors. Thus, a stathmin antagonist, such as a specific inhibitor (antibody, small molecule compound, peptide, or siRNA), may be a novel strategy of molecular targeted therapy. This review summarizes the research progress of recent 5 years on the role of stathmin in tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms and development of anti-stathmin treatment, which suggest that continued investigations into the function of stathmin in the tumorigenesis could lead to more rationally designed therapeutics targeting stathmin for treating human malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Biaoxue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Cai Xiguang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Shuanying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. Integrative analysis of the colorectal cancer proteome: potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:917-927. [PMID: 27598033 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1233062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common types of cancer that affects a significant proportion of the population and is a major contributor to cancer related mortality. The relatively poor survival rate of CRC could be improved through the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. Areas covered: This review highlights the need for biomarkers and discusses recent proteomics discoveries in the aspects of CRC clinical practice including diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, screening and molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE). Studies have been evaluated in relation to biomarker target, methodology, sample selection, limitations, and potential impact. Finally, the progress in proteomic approaches is briefly discussed and the main difficulties facing the translation of proteomics biomarkers into the clinical practice are highlighted. Expert commentary: The establishment of specific guidelines, best practice recommendations and the improvement in proteomic strategies will significantly improve the prospects for developing clinically useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Alnabulsi
- a Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK.,b Zoology Building , Vertebrate Antibodies , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- a Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
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27
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Alesi GN, Jin L, Li D, Magliocca KR, Kang Y, Chen ZG, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Kang S. RSK2 signals through stathmin to promote microtubule dynamics and tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5412-5421. [PMID: 27041561 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for >90% of cancer-related deaths. Complex signaling in cancer cells orchestrates the progression from a primary to a metastatic cancer. However, the mechanisms of these cellular changes remain elusive. We previously demonstrated that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) promotes tumor metastasis. Here we investigated the role of RSK2 in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and its potential implication in cancer cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Stable knockdown of RSK2 disrupted microtubule stability and decreased phosphorylation of stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing protein, at serine 16 in metastatic human cancer cells. We found that RSK2 directly binds and phosphorylates stathmin at the leading edge of cancer cells. Phosphorylation of stathmin by RSK2 reduced stathmin-mediated microtubule depolymerization. Moreover, overexpression of phospho-mimetic mutant stathmin S16D significantly rescued the decreased invasive and metastatic potential mediated by RSK2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, stathmin phosphorylation positively correlated with RSK2 expression and metastatic cancer progression in primary patient tumor samples. Our finding demonstrates that RSK2 directly phosphorylates stathmin and regulates microtubule polymerization to provide a pro-invasive and pro-metastatic advantage to cancer cells. Therefore, the RSK2-stathmin pathway represents a promising therapeutic target and a prognostic marker for metastatic human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Alesi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Jin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Z G Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F R Khuri
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Li J, Hu G, Kong F, Wu K, Song K, He J, Sun W. Elevated STMN1 Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1013-20. [PMID: 25791566 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
STMN1 is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that not only participates in cell division, but also plays an important role in other microtubule-dependent processes, such as cell motility. Furthermore, STMN1 acts as a "relay protein" in several intracellular signaling pathways that influence cell growth and differentiation. Thus, STMN1 is likely to support cellular processes essential for tumor progression: survival and migration. Indeed, elevated STMN1 expression has been reported in various types of human malignancies and is correlated with poor prognosis in these human malignancies. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of STMN1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. Thus, we assessed STMN1 in PDAC in this retrospective study. We first examined STMN1 expression in PDAC tissues from 27 cases and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses. Next, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate STMN1 expression in 87 archived paraffin-embedded PDAC specimens. STMN1 mRNA and protein expression levels were to a large extent up-regulated in PDAC tissue compared with their adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, STMN1 expression was closely correlated with histological differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, and TNM stage (P = 0.023, 0.047, and 0.014, respectively). In addition, PDAC patients with higher STMN1 expression died sooner than those with lower STMN1 expression (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that STMN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for PDAC patients (P < 0.01). Herein, we provide the first evidence that up-regulated STMN1 may contribute to tumor progression and poor prognosis in PDAC patients and may serve as a novel prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of PET center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Ong CW, Chong PY, McArt DG, Chan JY, Tan HT, Kumar AP, Chung MCM, Clément MV, Soong R, Van Schaeybroeck S, Waugh DJJ, Johnston PG, Dunne PD, Salto-Tellez M. The prognostic value of the stem-like group in colorectal cancer using a panel of immunohistochemistry markers. Oncotarget 2015; 6:12763-73. [PMID: 25906747 PMCID: PMC4494972 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. It is becoming increasingly clear that CRC is a diverse disease, as exemplified by the identification of subgroups of CRC tumours that are driven by distinct biology. Recently, a number of studies have begun to define panels of diagnostically relevant markers to align patients into individual subgroups in an attempt to give information on prognosis and treatment response. We examined the immunohistochemical expression profile of 18 markers, each representing a putative role in cancer development, in 493 primary colorectal carcinomas using tissue microarrays. Through unsupervised clustering in stage II cancers, we identified two cluster groups that are broadly defined by inflammatory or immune-related factors (CD3, CD8, COX-2 and FOXP3) and stem-like factors (CD44, LGR5, SOX2, OCT4). The expression of the stem-like group markers was associated with a significantly worse prognosis compared to cases with lower expression. In addition, patients classified in the stem-like subgroup displayed a trend towards a benefit from adjuvant treatment. The biologically relevant and poor prognostic stem-like group could also be identified in early stage I cancers, suggesting a potential opportunity for the identification of aggressive tumors at a very early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wee Ong
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Pei Yi Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darragh G. McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Hwee Tong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maxey C. M. Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie-Véronique Clément
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richie Soong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David J. J. Waugh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Patrick G. Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Hashim YZHY, Worthington J, Allsopp P, Ternan NG, Brown EM, McCann MJ, Rowland IR, Esposto S, Servili M, Gill CIR. Virgin olive oil phenolics extract inhibit invasion of HT115 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2015; 5:1513-9. [PMID: 24836598 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The decreased cancer risk associated with consumption of olive oil may be due to the presence of phenolics which can modulate pathways including apoptosis and invasion that are relevant to carcinogenesis. We have previously shown that a virgin olive oil phenolics extract (OVP) inhibited invasion of HT115 colon cancer cells in vitro. In the current study we assessed the in vitro effects of OVP (25 μg mL(-1)) on HT115 cell migration, spreading and integrin expression. Furthermore, the anti-metastatic activity of OVP - at a dose equivalent to 25 mg per kg per day for 2, 8 or 10 weeks - was assessed in a Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency (SCID) Balb-c mouse model. After 24 h OVP did not inhibit cell migration but significantly reduced cell spreading on fibronectin (65% of control; p < 0.05) and expression of a range of α and β integrins was modulated. In vivo, OVP by gavage significantly (p < 0.05) decreased not only tumour volume but also the number of metastases in SCID Balb-c mice. Collectively, the data suggest that - possibly through modulation of integrin expression - OVP decreases invasion in vitro and also inhibits metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Z H-Y Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wu W, Tan XF, Tan HT, Lim TK, Chung MCM. Unbiased proteomic and transcript analyses reveal that stathmin-1 silencing inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis and sensitizes to 5-fluorouracil treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1717-28. [PMID: 25063586 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0088-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Colorectal cancer metastasis is a major cause of mortality worldwide, which may only be controlled with novel methods limiting tumor dissemination and chemoresistance. High stathmin-1 (STMN1) expression was previously established as a hallmark of colorectal cancer progression and predictor of poor survival; however, the mechanism of action is less clear. This work demonstrates that STMN1 silencing arrests tumor-disseminative cascades by inhibiting multiple metastatic drivers, and repressing oncogenic and mesenchymal transcription. Using a sensitive iTRAQ labeling proteomic approach that quantified differential abundance of 4562 proteins, targeting STMN1 expression was shown to reinstate the default cellular program of metastatic inhibition, and promote cellular adhesion via amplification of hemidesmosomal junctions and intermediate filament tethering. Silencing STMN1 also significantly improved chemoresponse to the classical colorectal cancer therapeutic agent, 5FU, via a novel caspase-6 (CASP6)-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, the prometastatic function of STMN1 was independent of p53 but required phosphorylations at S25 or S38; abrogating phosphorylative events may constitute an alternative route to achieving metastatic inhibition. These findings establish STMN1 as a potential target in antimetastatic therapy, and demonstrate the power of an approach coupling proteomics and transcript analyses in the global assessment of treatment benefits and potential side-effects. IMPLICATIONS Stathmin-1 is a potential candidate in colorectal cancer therapy that targets simultaneously the twin problems of metastatic spread and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xing Fei Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Tong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxey Ching Ming Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen mediates microtubule destabilization to promote cell motility and migration. J Virol 2014; 89:35-47. [PMID: 25320307 PMCID: PMC4301106 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02317-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer of neuroendocrine origin with a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) causes the majority of MCC cases due to the expression of the MCPyV small and large tumor antigens (ST and LT, respectively). Although a number of molecular mechanisms have been attributed to MCPyV tumor antigen-mediated cellular transformation or replication, to date, no studies have investigated any potential link between MCPyV T antigen expression and the highly metastatic nature of MCC. Here we use a quantitative proteomic approach to show that MCPyV ST promotes differential expression of cellular proteins implicated in microtubule-associated cytoskeletal organization and dynamics. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that MCPyV ST expression promotes microtubule destabilization, leading to a motile and migratory phenotype. We further highlight the essential role of the microtubule-associated protein stathmin in MCPyV ST-mediated microtubule destabilization and cell motility and implicate the cellular phosphatase catalytic subunit protein phosphatase 4C (PP4C) in the regulation of this process. These findings suggest a possible molecular mechanism for the highly metastatic phenotype associated with MCC. IMPORTANCE Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) causes the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive skin cancer with a high metastatic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to virally induced cancer development have yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, no studies have investigated any potential link between the virus and the highly metastatic nature of MCC. We demonstrate that the MCPyV small tumor antigen (ST) promotes the destabilization of the host cell microtubule network, which leads to a more motile and migratory cell phenotype. We further show that MCPyV ST induces this process by regulating the phosphorylation status of the cellular microtubule-associated protein stathmin by its known association with the cellular phosphatase catalytic subunit PP4C. These findings highlight stathmin as a possible biomarker of MCC and as a target for novel antitumoral therapies.
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Schimmack S, Taylor A, Lawrence B, Schmitz-Winnenthal H, Fischer L, Büchler MW, Modlin IM, Kidd M, Tang LH. Stathmin in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a marker of proliferation and PI3K signaling. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:399-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Lu Y, Liu C, Xu YF, Cheng H, Shi S, Wu CT, Yu XJ. Stathmin destabilizing microtubule dynamics promotes malignant potential in cancer cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:386-94. [PMID: 25100123 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stathmin is a ubiquitous cytosolic regulatory phosphoprotein and is overexpressed in different human malignancies. The main physiological function of stathmin is to interfere with microtubule dynamics by promoting depolymerization of microtubules or by preventing polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Stathmin plays important roles in regulating many cellular functions as a result of its microtubule-destabilizing activity. Currently, the critical roles of stathmin in cancer cells, as well as in lymphocytes have been valued. This review discusses stathmin and microtubule dynamics in cancer development, and hypothesizes their possible relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). DATA SOURCES A PubMed search using such terms as "stathmin", "microtubule dynamics", "epithelial-mesenchymal transition", "EMT", "malignant potential" and "cancer" was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. More than 100 related articles were reviewed. RESULTS The literature clearly documented the relationship between stathmin and its microtubule-destabilizing activity of cancer development. However, the particular mechanism is poorly understood. Microtubule disruption is essential for EMT, which is a crucial process during cancer development. As a microtubule-destabilizing protein, stathmin may promote malignant potential in cancer cells by initiating EMT. CONCLUSIONS We propose that there is a stathmin-microtubule dynamics-EMT (S-M-E) axis during cancer development. By this axis, stathmin together with its microtubule-destabilizing activity contributes to EMT, which stimulates the malignant potential in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University; Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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The prognostic value and therapeutic target role of stathmin-1 in urinary bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1180-7. [PMID: 25072257 PMCID: PMC4453855 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The oncoprotein-18/stathmin 1 (STMN1), involved in cell progression and migration, is associated with clinical outcome in breast cancer. Here we aim to investigate its clinical significance in urinary bladder cancer and its possibilities as a therapeutic target. Methods: Immunohistochemical analyses of STMN1 protein expression were performed in three patient cohorts: cohort I (n=115 Ta, n=115 T1, n=112 T2–4 stages), cohort II, based on randomised controlled trials (n=239 T1–T4), and cohort III of primary tumour/matched metastasis (n=90 T1–T4). The effects of STMN1 on cell proliferation and migration were evaluated in the urinary bladder cancer cell line, T24, by inhibiting STMN1-cellular expression using siRNA. Results: In cohort I, high STMN1 expression correlated to shorter disease-specific survival hazard ratio (HR)=2.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–3.68; P=0.02), elevated p53- (P<0.001) and Ki67-protein levels (P<0.001). The survival result was validated in cohort II: HR=1.76 (95% CI 1.04–2.99; P=0.03). In the metastatic bladder cancer material, 70% of the patients were STMN1-positive in both the primary tumour and matched metastases. In vitro, the growth and migration of the T24 cells were significantly reduced (P<0.01, P<0.0001, respectively), when transfecting the cells with STMN1-siRNA. Conclusions: STMN1 protein expression has prognostic significance but is primarily a potential treatment target in urinary bladder cancer.
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Lin Q, Tan HT, Lim TK, Khoo A, Lim KH, Chung MCM. iTRAQ analysis of colorectal cancer cell lines suggests Drebrin (DBN1) is overexpressed during liver metastasis. Proteomics 2014; 14:1434-43. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Hwee Tong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Avery Khoo
- Department of Pathology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore
| | - Maxey C. M. Chung
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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37
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Hu Y, Li CY, Wang XM, Yang YH, Zhu HL. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5572-610. [PMID: 24716666 DOI: 10.1021/cr400131u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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38
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Wang K, Huang C, Nice EC. Proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics: their emerging roles in the discovery and validation of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:179-205. [PMID: 24611605 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.894466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in females and the third in males. Since CRC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when prognosis is poor, identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis is urgently required. Recent advances in proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics have facilitated high-throughput profiling of data generated from CRC-related genes and proteins, providing a window of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, transfer of candidate biomarkers from bench to bedside remains a dilemma. In this review, we will discuss emerging proteomic technologies and highlight various sample types utilized for proteomics-based identification of CRC biomarkers. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in genomics and transcriptomics for the identification of CRC biomarkers, with particular emphasis on the merits of emerging methylomic and miRNAomic strategies, will be discussed. Integration of proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics will facilitate the discovery and validation of CRC biomarkers leading to the emergence of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041 , P.R. China
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39
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A combination of paclitaxel and siRNA-mediated silencing of Stathmin inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 37:53-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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40
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Wu J, Xie N, Xie K, Zeng J, Cheng L, Lei Y, Liu Y, Song L, Dong D, Chen Y, Zeng R, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. GPR48, a poor prognostic factor, promotes tumor metastasis and activates β-catenin/TCF signaling in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2861-9. [PMID: 23803691 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 48 (GPR48) is an orphan receptor belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptors family, which plays an important role in the development of various organs and cancer development and progression such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic value of GPR48 expression in patients with CRC has not been reported. In this study, we observed that GPR48 was overexpressed in primary CRC and metastatic lymph nodes and closely correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that high GPR48 expression was a poor prognostic factor for overall survival in CRC patients. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that enforced expression of GPR48 contributed to enhance migration and invasion of cancer cells and tumor metastasis. In addition, we found that GPR48 increased nuclear β-catenin accumulation, T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) transcription activity, and expression of its target genes including Cyclin D1 and c-Myc in CRC cells. Correlation analysis showed that GPR48 expression in CRC tissues was positively associated with β-catenin expression. Upregulation of GPR48 resulted in increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in CRC cells, while inhibition of PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase /ERK1/2 pathways was sufficient to abolish the effect of GPR48 on β-catenin/TCF signaling. Taken together, GPR48 could serve as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for resectable CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Wendler A, Wehling M. PGRMC2, a yet uncharacterized protein with potential as tumor suppressor, migration inhibitor, and regulator of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. Steroids 2013; 78:555-8. [PMID: 23276631 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PGRMC2 (progesterone receptor membrane component 2) is highly homologous if compared with PGRMC1, a cytochrome-related protein, which is induced in several cancers and linked to cell growth in these cancers. Further it seems to be involved in progesterone signalling and cytochrome P450 binding. For PGRMC2 only sparse information is available. Recent data show that PGRMC1 and 2 share several similar characteristics, but there are also important differences in expression and function of the both proteins. Several findings point to the fact that PGRMC2 might play a role in cancer as well. The protein influences the migration rate of ovarian cancer cells and a loss of PGRMC2 might result in higher metastasis rates. In contrast to PGRMC1 it seems more likely to act as a tumor suppressor than a promoter. Altered PGRMC2 expression was further detected in the context of term and preterm labour, though the implications of this finding are currently unknown and need further examination. PGRMC2 further might play a role in gynaecologic diseases like preterm labour and endometriosis. PGRMC2 shares the cellular localisation and the ability to bind cytochrome enzymes with PGRMC1. Further the protein was shown to influence the activity of CYP3A4. In conclusion, though not much is known about PGRMC2 so far, it deserves further examination as data point to a role of PGRMC2 as tumor suppressor, migration inhibitor and regulator of cytochrome P450 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wendler
- University of Heidelberg, Clinical Pharmacology Mannheim, Maybachstr. 14, 68169 Mannheim, Germany
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Stathmin Regulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression through the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2013:279593. [PMID: 23819061 PMCID: PMC3683482 DOI: 10.1155/2013/279593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, is highly expressed in ovarian cancer, but the pathophysiological significance of this protein in ovarian carcinoma cells remains poorly understood. This study reports the involvement of stathmin in the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) during hypoxia. HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA levels were markedly elevated in RMG-1 cells, a CCA cell line, cultured under hypoxic conditions. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1, reduced the level of HIF-1α and blocked phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K), a transcriptional regulator of mTOR, demonstrating that hypoxia activates mTOR/S6K/HIF-1α signaling in CCA. Furthermore, stathmin knockdown inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression and S6K phosphorylation. The silencing of stathmin expression also reduced Akt phosphorylation, a critical event in the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. By contrast, stathmin overexpression upregulated hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in OVCAR-3 cells, another CCA cell line. In addition, suppression of Akt activation by wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, decreased HIF-1α and VEGF expression. These results illustrate that regulation of HIF-1α through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is controlled by stathmin in CCA. Our findings point to a new mechanism of stathmin regulation during ovarian cancer.
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Stathmin-1 Expression as a Complement to p16 Helps Identify High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia With Increased Specificity. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 37:89-97. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3182753f5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Albrecht C, Huck V, Wehling M, Wendler A. In vitro inhibition of SKOV-3 cell migration as a distinctive feature of progesterone receptor membrane component type 2 versus type 1. Steroids 2012; 77:1543-50. [PMID: 23064006 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component type 2 (PGRMC2) is strongly homologous to PGRMC1 which is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and other cancer cells and was claimed to play an important role in chemotherapy resistance. Whereas PGRMC1 has been extensively characterized in in vitro studies, comparably little is known about PGRMC2. To determine PGRMC2's role in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and mobility PGRMC1- and 2-depleted and -overexpressing SKOV-3 cells were generated. In electric cell-substrate impedance sensing studies, PGRMC2 negatively affects SKOV-3 migration rate if overexpressed; oppositely, depletion was associated with an increased migration rate. PGRMC1 had no effect in this assay. These effects were not associated with f-actin regulation or actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Yet, these highly homologous proteins share many properties. Both PGRMC1 and 2 are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. As PGRMC1 was reported to interact with cytochrome P450 proteins (CYP) binding of two different CYPs to PGRMC2 was tested; a stable interaction of PGRMC2 with CYP3A4 and CYP21A2 was found in human embryonic kidney cells. For both PGRMC types, cell viability assays revealed no significant differences of SKOV-3 survival in overexpressing and depleted cells. PGRMC2 also does not seem to have any influence on the apoptotic effect of cisplatin or the antiapoptotic effect of progesterone which had been reported for PGRMC1. In contrast to PGRMC1, protein levels of PGRMC2 in SKOV-3 cells are reduced by treatment with cisplatin (30-60μM). In conclusion, we show for the first time that PGRMC2 inhibits migration of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Albrecht
- University of Heidelberg, Clinical Pharmacology Mannheim, Maybachstr. 14, 68169 Mannheim, Germany
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D'Andrea S, Berton S, Segatto I, Fabris L, Canzonieri V, Colombatti A, Vecchione A, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Stathmin is dispensable for tumor onset in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45561. [PMID: 23029098 PMCID: PMC3447788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin is highly expressed in several types of tumor, thus deserving the name of oncoprotein 18. High levels of stathmin expression and/or activity favor the metastatic spreading and mark the most aggressive tumors, thus representing a realistic marker of poor prognosis. Stathmin is a downstream target of many signaling pathways, including Ras-MAPK, PI3K and p53, involved in both tumor onset and progression. We thus hypothesized that stathmin could also play a role during the early stages of tumorigenesis, an issue completely unexplored. In order to establish whether stathmin expression is necessary for tumor initiation, we challenged wild type (WT), stathmin heterozygous and stathmin knock-out (KO) mice with different carcinogens. Using well-defined mouse models of carcinogenesis of skin, bladder and muscle by the means of 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]antracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) and 3-methylcholanthrylene (3MC) treatments, respectively, we demonstrated that knock-out of stathmin has no impact on the onset of cancer in mice. No significant difference was noticed either when the Ras oncogene was mutated (skin carcinogenesis model) or when the p53 pathway was inactivated (bladder carcinomas and fibrosarcomas). Finally, we concomitantly impinged on p53 and Ras pathways, by generating WT and stathmin KO mouse embryo fibroblasts transformed with papilloma virus large T antigen (LgTAg) plus the K-RasG12V oncogene. In vivo growth of xenografts from these transformed fibroblasts did not highlight any significant difference depending on the presence or absence of stathmin. Overall, our work demonstrates that stathmin expression is dispensable for tumor onset, at least in mice, thus making stathmin a virtually exclusive marker of aggressive disease and a promising therapeutic target for advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Andrea
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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Effective enrichment of cholangiocarcinoma secretomes using the hollow fiber bioreactor culture system. Talanta 2012; 99:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gan L, Duan CG, Gong S, Guo K, Shu H, Liu YK. Role of Oncoprotein 18 in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2151-2156. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i23.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of Oncoprotein 18 (Op18) in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Op18 expression was repressed in HCCLM3 cells by RNA interference, and interference effect was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell adhesion, migration and invasion were analyzed by cell adhesion assay and Transwell assay in vitro. Op18 expression was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 96 HCC specimens with or without metastasis.
RESULTS: Op18 expression was effectively inhibited by RNA interference in HCCLM3 cells. Cell adhesion was significantly suppressed in the RNAi group compared to the mock group (20 min: 0.616 ± 0.057 vs 0.944 ± 0.068; 40 min: 0.740 ± 0.0713 vs 1.196 ± 0.115; 60 min: 1.001 ± 0.083 vs 1.441 ± 0.053; all P < 0.05). Transwell assay revealed that cell migration and invasion decreased in the RNAi group compared to the mock group (migration: 0.145 ± 0.011 vs 0.206 ± 0.008; invasion: 0.127 ± 0.008 vs 0.168 ± 0.012; both P < 0.01). Op18 expression was detected in 96 HCC tissues with or without metastasis. RT-PCR demonstrated that Op18 was overexpressed in HCC tissues with metastasis (n = 48) compared with HCC tissues without metastasis (n = 48, Op18/GAPDH relative ratio: 0.560 ± 0.128 vs 0.414 ± 0.086); and IHC results also indicated that Op18 expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues with metastasis in comparison with HCC tissues without metastasis (integrated density: 624.771 ± 100.032 vs 413.786 ± 71.833, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of Op18 may play an important role in HCC metastasis.
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