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Demirci H, Popovic S, Dittmayer C, Yilmaz DE, El-Shimy IA, Mülleder M, Hinze C, Su M, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Osmanodja B, Paliege A, Budde K, Amann K, Persson PB, Mutig K, Bachmann S. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus shows distinctive nephrotoxicity profiles within renal compartments. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14190. [PMID: 38884453 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the backbone for immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. Although successful in preventing kidney transplant rejection, their nephrotoxic side effects contribute to allograft injury. Renal parenchymal lesions occur for cyclosporine A (CsA) as well as for the currently favored tacrolimus (Tac). We aimed to study whether chronic CsA and Tac exposures, before reaching irreversible nephrotoxic damage, affect renal compartments differentially and whether related pathogenic mechanisms can be identified. METHODS CsA and Tac were administered chronically in wild type Wistar rats using osmotic minipumps over 4 weeks. Functional parameters were controlled. Electron microscopy, confocal, and 3D-structured illumination microscopy were used for histopathology. Clinical translatability was tested in human renal biopsies. Standard biochemical, RNA-seq, and proteomic technologies were applied to identify implicated molecular pathways. RESULTS Both drugs caused significant albeit differential damage in vasculature and nephron. The glomerular filtration barrier was more affected by Tac than by CsA, showing prominent deteriorations in endothelium and podocytes along with impaired VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling and podocyte-specific gene expression. By contrast, proximal tubule epithelia were more severely affected by CsA than by Tac, revealing lysosomal dysfunction, enhanced apoptosis, impaired proteostasis and oxidative stress. Lesion characteristics were confirmed in human renal biopsies. CONCLUSION We conclude that pathogenetic alterations in the renal compartments are specific for either treatment. Considering translation to the clinical setting, CNI choice should reflect individual risk factors for renal vasculature and tubular epithelia. As a step in this direction, we share protein signatures identified from multiomics with potential pathognomonic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Demirci
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suncica Popovic
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Dittmayer
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Duygu Elif Yilmaz
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ismail Amr El-Shimy
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility-High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mingzhen Su
- Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bilgin Osmanodja
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Matsushita K, Toyoda T, Akane H, Morikawa T, Ogawa K. CD44 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys of rats with cyclosporine-induced chronic kidney disease. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:55-67. [PMID: 38584969 PMCID: PMC10995437 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury is the most common cause of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI). Although TEC regeneration facilitates renal function and structural recovery following DIKI, maladaptive repair of TECs leads to irreversible fibrosis, resulting in chronic kidney disease (CKD). CD44 is specifically expressed in TECs during maladaptive repair in several types of rat CKD models. In this study, we investigated CD44 expression and its role in renal fibrogenesis in a cyclosporine (CyA) rat model of CKD. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a low-salt diet were subcutaneously administered CyA (0, 15, or 30 mg/kg) for 28 days. CD44 was expressed in atrophic, dilated, and hypertrophic TECs in the fibrotic lesions of the CyA groups. These TECs were collected by laser microdissection and evaluated by microarray analysis. Gene ontology analysis suggested that these TECs have a mesenchymal phenotype, and pathway analysis identified CD44 as an upstream regulator of fibrosis-related genes, including fibronectin 1 (Fn1). Immunohistochemistry revealed that epithelial and mesenchymal markers of TECs of fibrotic lesions were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, and that these TECs were surrounded by a thickened basement membrane. In situ hybridization revealed an increase in Fn1 mRNA in the cytoplasm of TECs of fibrotic lesions, whereas fibronectin protein was localized in the stroma surrounding these tubules. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed increased serum CD44 levels in CyA-treated rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD44 contributes to renal fibrosis by inducing fibronectin secretion in TECs exhibiting partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and highlight the potential of CD44 as a biomarker of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Akane
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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3
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Cao R, Li Y, Hu X, Qiu Y, Li S, Xie Y, Xu C, Lu C, Chen G, Yang J. Glycyrrhizic acid improves tacrolimus-induced renal injury by regulating autophagy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22749. [PMID: 36688808 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201409rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced renal injury is detrimental to long-term kidney function, but a treatment medication is not available. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is an active ingredient in licorice widely used to treat kidney disease. Thus, this study explored the mechanisms of renoprotection by GA on TAC-induced renal injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected daily to TAC or a combination of TAC and GA for 4 weeks, and then renal function, histopathology, and autophagy were assessed to examine the effect of GA on a renal injury. Next, Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with GA for 2 h and then treated with TAC for 24 h. The effect of GA on TAC-induced HK-2 cell injury was assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and lysosomes. Mice exposed to TAC and treated with GA had significantly greater improvements in renal function and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in comparison to mice not treated with GA. In addition, fibrosis-related protein expression, including α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, decreased after GA treatment. GA treatment also relieved autophagic clearance in TAC-induced renal injury. Several in vitro studies found that TAC inhibited cell viability, autophagy, lysosomal acidification, and promoted apoptosis. However, these results were less pronounced with GA pretreatment. In addition, bafilomycin A1 (which inhibits lysosomal function) reduced the protective effect of GA, indicating that lysosomal function plays an important role in this effect. Our data suggest that GA improves lysosomal function and regulates autophagy to protect against TAC-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
- Kidney Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Hu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglin Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Lu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
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Wang T, Yang J, Xiao Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Zeng X, Wang Y, Peng J. DFinder: a novel end-to-end graph embedding-based method to identify drug-food interactions. Bioinformatics 2022; 39:6965015. [PMID: 36579885 PMCID: PMC9828147 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Drug-food interactions (DFIs) occur when some constituents of food affect the bioaccessibility or efficacy of the drug by involving in drug pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic processes. Many computational methods have achieved remarkable results in link prediction tasks between biological entities, which show the potential of computational methods in discovering novel DFIs. However, there are few computational approaches that pay attention to DFI identification. This is mainly due to the lack of DFI data. In addition, food is generally made up of a variety of chemical substances. The complexity of food makes it difficult to generate accurate feature representations for food. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective computational approaches for learning the food feature representation and predicting DFIs. RESULTS In this article, we first collect DFI data from DrugBank and PubMed, respectively, to construct two datasets, named DrugBank-DFI and PubMed-DFI. Based on these two datasets, two DFI networks are constructed. Then, we propose a novel end-to-end graph embedding-based method named DFinder to identify DFIs. DFinder combines node attribute features and topological structure features to learn the representations of drugs and food constituents. In topology space, we adopt a simplified graph convolution network-based method to learn the topological structure features. In feature space, we use a deep neural network to extract attribute features from the original node attributes. The evaluation results indicate that DFinder performs better than other baseline methods. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code is available at https://github.com/23AIBox/23AIBox-DFinder. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yifu Xiao
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuxian Wang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yongtian Wang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
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Mechanism of PDZK1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated with Hyperuricemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1403454. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1403454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of primary liver cancer that accounts for more than 90% of primary hepatocellular carcinomas. Hyperuricemia is closely related to the development, recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of cancer. Previous studies have proved that the serum uric acid level can increase the incidence rate and mortality of malignant tumors. However, the specific pathogenesis remains unstudied. Methods. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PDZK1 and ABCG2 increased significantly after HCC cells were exposed to different concentrations of soluble uric acid (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/dl) for 24 hours. Then, in HCC shRNAs, PDZK1, or over expression PDZK1 were used. CCK8, wound healing, and Transwell assay showed that PDZK1 regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Flow cytometry results revealed that PDZK1 affects cell apoptosis. Western blot results show that PDZK1 affects the STAT3/C-myc pathway. Then, in vivo tumorigenesis, allopurinol maybe an effective drug to advance: the prognosis of HCC. Results. In our study, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PDZK1 and ABCG2 increased significantly after different concentrations of soluble uric acid in HCC. Then, PDZK1 affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HCC through the STAT3/C-myc pathway. Conclusions. Hyperuricemia response affects the expression of PDZK1; PDZK1 affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through the STAT3/C-myc pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that PDZK1 maybe closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of HCC and allopurinol maybe have potential anticancer effects.
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Natural Reno-Protective Agents against Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227771. [PMID: 36431872 PMCID: PMC9693876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CA (cyclosporine A) is a powerful immunosuppressing agent that is commonly utilized for treating various autoimmune illnesses and in transplantation surgery. However, its usage has been significantly restricted because of its unwanted effects, including nephrotoxicity. The pathophysiology of CA-induced kidney injury involves inflammation, apoptosis, tubular injury, oxidative stress, and vascular injury. Despite the fact that exact mechanism accountable for CA's effects is inadequately understood, ROS (reactive oxygen species) involvement has been widely proposed. At present, there are no efficient methods or drugs for treating CA-caused kidney damage. It is noteworthy that diverse natural products have been investigated both in vivo and in-vitro for their possible preventive potential in CA-produced nephrotoxicity. Various extracts and natural metabolites have been found to possess a remarkable potential for restoring CA-produced renal damage and oxidative stress alterations via their anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative potentials. The present article reviews the reported studies that assess the protective capacity of natural products, as well as dietary regimens, in relation to CA-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, the present study presents novel ideas for designing and developing more efficient prophylactic or remedial strategies versus CA passive influences.
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Trimigno A, Khakimov B, Lauge Quaade M, Honoré OL, Clausen T, Blaabjerg K, Balling Engelsen S, Vedsted Hammer AS. Urinary and plasma metabolome of farm mink ( Neovison vison) after an intervention with raw or cooked poultry offal: a 1H NMR investigation. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:74-91. [PMID: 35289194 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.2003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of high amounts of cooked poultry offal in mink feed has been associated with health problems in growing mink. Cooking mink feed is a convenient way of reducing microbiological activity, but it may have a negative effect on raw material quality and animal welfare. This study investigates growth and health of mink fed raw or cooked poultry offal and describes urinary and blood plasma metabolic changes related to the feeding. A total of 65 male mink were divided in three feeding groups, two fed cooked offal and one group fed raw offal, and the plasma and urine samples were collected at 3 time points during the growth. Both bio-fluids and feed samples were measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy and resulted metabolomics data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods that revealed dominating effect of the mink growth stages and to a less extent the feeding regime. Metabolome differences in relation to low body mass index (BMI) and kidney lesions were observed in plasma. Disease and decrease in BMI was associated with high creatinine and dimethylglycine content in plasma. These molecules were also particularly indicative of the cooked feeds. Moreover, low urinary taurine levels were also associated with disease and low BMI. Individual mink appeared to show negative effects of the cooked feed diet, including impaired growth and gross pathological lesions involving the kidneys. This may be related to the absorption of essential metabolites such as amino acids and fats, necessary for mink growth, that are negatively impacted by the cooking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Trimigno
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michelle Lauge Quaade
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver Legarth Honoré
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Clausen
- Danish Fur Breeders Research Centre, Holstebro, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Sofie Vedsted Hammer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fakhri S, Nouri Z, Moradi SZ, Akkol EK, Piri S, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Targeting Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways of SARS-CoV-2: Approaches to COVID-19 Therapeutic Candidates. Molecules 2021; 26:2917. [PMID: 34068970 PMCID: PMC8156180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complicated pathogenic pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), related medicinal therapies have remained a clinical challenge. COVID-19 highlights the urgent need to develop mechanistic pathogenic pathways and effective agents for preventing/treating future epidemics. As a result, the destructive pathways of COVID-19 are in the line with clinical symptoms induced by severe acute coronary syndrome (SARS), including lung failure and pneumonia. Accordingly, revealing the exact signaling pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, as well as relative representative mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Bax/caspases, and Beclin/LC3, respectively, will pave the road for combating COVID-19. Prevailing host factors and multiple steps of SARS-CoV-2 attachment/entry, replication, and assembly/release would be hopeful strategies against COVID-19. This is a comprehensive review of the destructive signaling pathways and host-pathogen interaction of SARS-CoV-2, as well as related therapeutic targets and treatment strategies, including potential natural products-based candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.); (S.P.)
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Sana Piri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
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Awdishu L, Atilano-Roque A, Tuey S, Joy MS. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Predicting Kidney Injury Due to Drugs Using "Omic" Strategies. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:687-705. [PMID: 33293850 PMCID: PMC7719321 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s239471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury accounts for 20% of community- and hospital-acquired cases of acute kidney injury (AKI). The incidence is higher among older individuals, who often have co-existing morbidities and are exposed to more diagnostic procedures and therapies. While demographic and clinical components have been identified as risk factors, the proposed cellular mechanisms of drug-induced kidney injury are numerous and complicated. There are also limitations recognized in the use of traditional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, to provide high sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness to identification of drug-induced kidney injury. Therefore, novel biomarkers are currently being investigated, identified, developed, and validated for their performance over the traditional biomarkers. This review will provide an overview of drug-induced kidney injury and will discuss what is known regarding "omic" (proteomic, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic) biomarker strategies for drugs known to induce nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Awdishu
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amandla Atilano-Roque
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey Tuey
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie S Joy
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Aurora, CO, USA
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Farouk SS, Rein JL. The Many Faces of Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity-What the FK? Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2020; 27:56-66. [PMID: 32147003 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are both the savior and Achilles' heel of kidney transplantation. Although CNIs have significantly reduced rates of acute rejection, their numerous toxicities can plague kidney transplant recipients. By 10 years, virtually all allografts will have evidence of CNI nephrotoxicity. CNIs have been strongly associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and new onset of diabetes after transplantation-significantly contributing to cardiovascular risk in the kidney transplant recipient. Multiple electrolyte derangements including hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia may be challenging to manage for the clinician. Finally, CNI-associated tremor, gingival hyperplasia, and defects in hair growth can have a significant impact on the transplant recipient's quality of life. In this review, the authors briefly discuss the pharmacokinetics of CNI and discuss the numerous clinically relevant toxicities of commonly used CNIs, cyclosporine and tacrolimus.
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Klawitter J, Klawitter J, Pennington A, Kirkpatrick B, Roda G, Kotecha NC, Thurman JM, Christians U. Cyclophilin D knockout protects the mouse kidney against cyclosporin A-induced oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F683-F694. [PMID: 31188033 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00417.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity. CsA interacts with cyclophilin D (CypD), an essential component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and regulator of cell death processes. Controversial reports have suggested that CypD deletion may or may not protect cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death. In the present study, we treated wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking CypD [peptidylprolyl isomerase F knockout (Ppif-/-) mice] with CsA to test the role and contribution of CypD to the widely described CsA-induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress. Our results showed an increase in the levels of several known uremic toxins as well as the oxidative stress markers PGF2α and 8-isoprostane in CsA-treated WT animals but not in Ppif-/- animals. Similarly, a decline in S-adenosylmethionine and the resulting methylation potential indicative of DNA hypomethylation were observed only in CsA-treated WT mice. This confirms previous reports of the protective effects of CypD deletion on the mouse kidney mediated through a stronger resistance of these animals to oxidative stress and DNA methylation damage. However, a negative effect of CsA on the glycolysis and overall energy metabolism in Ppif-/- mice also indicated that additional, CypD-parallel pathways are involved in the toxic effects of CsA on the kidney. In summary, CsA-mediated induction of oxidative stress is associated with CypD, with CypD deletion providing a protective effect, whereas the reduction of energy production observed upon CsA exposure did not depend on the animals' CypD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexander Pennington
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bruce Kirkpatrick
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Galen Roda
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nidhi C Kotecha
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Lee SM, Lee MH, Son YK, Kim SE, Park Y, Rha SH, An WS. Omega-3 fatty acid decreases oleic acid by decreasing SCD-1 expression in the liver and kidney of a cyclosporine-induced nephropathy rat model. Ren Fail 2019; 41:211-219. [PMID: 30943799 PMCID: PMC6450600 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1591996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 and elongase-6 (Elovl-6) are associated with fatty acid (FA) synthesis. We evaluated the effect of omega-3 FA on erythrocyte membrane FA contents through SCD-1 and Elovl-6 expression in the liver and kidney of a cyclosporine (CsA)-induced rat model. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, CsA, and CsA treated with omega-3 FA groups. We measured SCD-1 and Elovl-6 expression levels via western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Erythrocyte membrane oleic acid content was lower in the CsA with omega-3 FA group compared to the CsA group. Compared to the control group, CsA-induced rats showed elevated SCD-1 expression in the kidney and liver, which omega-3 FA treatment reversed. Elovl-6 expression was increased in the liver, but decreased in the kidney in CsA group compared to control, which omega-3 FA treatment also reversed. Conclusions: Omega-3 FA supplementation decreased erythrocyte membrane oleic acid content by modulating SCD-1 and Elovl-6 expression in the kidney and liver of CsA-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Lee
- b Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Son
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- c Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Rha
- d Department of Pathology, Dong-A University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk An
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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O'Farrell AC, Miller IS, Evans R, Alamanou M, Cary M, Mallya Udupi G, Lafferty A, Monsefi N, Cremona M, Prehn JHM, Verheul HM, Gallagher WM, Gehrmann M, Byrne AT. Implementing Reverse Phase Protein Array Profiling as a Sensitive Method for the Early Pre-Clinical Detection of Off-Target Toxicities Associated with Sunitinib Malate. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800159. [PMID: 30768761 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib is a multi-targeted agent approved across multiple cancer indications. Nevertheless, since approval, data has emerged to describe a worrisome side effect profile including hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, diarrhea, mucositis, proteinuria, and (rarely) congestive heart failure. It has been hypothesized that the observed multi-parameter toxicity profile is related to "on-target" kinase inhibition in "off-target" tissues. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To interrogate off-target effects in pre-clinical studies, a reverse phase protein array (RPPA) approach is employed. Mice are treated with sunitinib (40 mg kg-1 ) for 4 weeks, following which critical organs are removed. The Zeptosens RPPA platform is employed for protein expression analysis. RESULTS Differentially expressed proteins associated with damage and/or stress are found in the majority of organs from treated animals. Proteins differentially expressed in the heart are associated with myocardial hypertrophy, ischaemia/reperfusion, and hypoxia. However, hypertrophy is not evidenced on histology. Mild proteinuria is observed; however, no changes in renal glomerular structure are visible via electron microscopy. In skin, proteins associated with cutaneous inflammation, keratinocyte hyper-proliferation, and increased inflammatory response are differentially expressed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is posited that pre-clinical implementation of a combined histopathological/RPPA approach provides a sensitive method to mechanistically elucidate the early manifestation of TKI on-target/organ off-target toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C O'Farrell
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
| | - Ian S Miller
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
| | - Rhys Evans
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
| | - Marina Alamanou
- OncoMark Ltd., NovaUCD, Bellfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V2P1, Ireland
| | - Maurice Cary
- Pathology Experts GmBH, Basel, CH-4108, Switzerland
| | - Girish Mallya Udupi
- OncoMark Ltd., NovaUCD, Bellfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V2P1, Ireland
| | - Adam Lafferty
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
| | - Naser Monsefi
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Beaumont Education Resource Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, D09 YD60, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - William M Gallagher
- OncoMark Ltd., NovaUCD, Bellfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V2P1, Ireland.,UCD Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | | | - Annette T Byrne
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, D02 HX03, Ireland
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Chen J, Zhang P, Lv M, Guo H, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Influences of Normalization Method on Biomarker Discovery in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics: What Should Be Considered? Anal Chem 2017; 89:5342-5348. [PMID: 28402628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Data reduction techniques in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics has made the following workflow of data analysis more lucid. However, the normalization process still perplexes researchers, and its effects are always ignored. In order to reveal the influences of normalization method, five representative normalization methods (mass spectrometry total useful signal, median, probabilistic quotient normalization, remove unwanted variation-random, and systematic ratio normalization) were compared in three real data sets with different types. First, data reduction techniques were used to refine the original data. Then, quality control samples and relative log abundance plots were utilized to evaluate the unwanted variations and the efficiencies of normalization process. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers which were screened out by the Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, random forest, and feature selection algorithm Boruta in different normalized data sets were compared. The results indicated the determination of the normalization method was difficult because the commonly accepted rules were easy to fulfill but different normalization methods had unforeseen influences on both the kind and number of potential biomarkers. Lastly, an integrated strategy for normalization method selection was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mengying Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University , Shihezi 832002, China
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15
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Zhao T, Shen XL, Chen W, Liao X, Yang J, Wang Y, Zou Y, Fang C. Advances in research of nephrotoxicity and toxic antagonism of ochratoxin A. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1243560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Tuma Z, Kuncova J, Mares J, Grundmanova M, Matejovic M. Proteomic approaches to the study of renal mitochondria. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:173-82. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Lai Q, Wei J, Mahmoodurrahman M, Zhang C, Quan S, Li T, Yu Y. Pharmacokinetic and nephroprotective benefits of using Schisandra chinensis extracts in a cyclosporine A-based immune-suppressive regime. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:4997-5018. [PMID: 26355803 PMCID: PMC4560515 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive drug. However, nephrotoxicity resulting from its long-term usage has hampered its prolonged therapeutic usage. Schisandra chinensis extracts (SCE) have previously been used in traditional Chinese medicine and more recently coadministered with Western medicine for the treatment of CsA-induced side effects in the People’s Republic of China. This study aimed to investigate the possible effects of SCE on the pharmacokinetics of CsA in rats and elucidate the potential mechanisms by which it hinders the development of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for determining the effect of SCE on the pharmacokinetics of CsA. Male Sprague Dawley rats, which were administered with CsA (25 mg/kg/d) alone or in combination with SCE (54 mg/kg/d and 108 mg/kg/d) for 28 days, were used to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of SCE. Our study showed that SCE increased the mean blood concentration of CsA. Furthermore, we found that the concomitant administration of SCE alongside CsA prevented the disruption of catalase activity and reduction in creatinine, urea, renal malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase levels that would have otherwise occurred in the absence of SCE administration. SCE treatment markedly suppressed the expression of 4-hydroxynonenal, Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase 3, and autophagy-related protein LC3 A/B. On the other hand, the expression of heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and P-glycoprotein was enhanced by the very same addition of SCE. SCE was also able to increase the systemic exposure of CsA in rats. The renoprotective effects of SCE were thought to be mediated by its antiapoptotic and antioxidant abilities, which caused the attenuation of CsA-induced autophagic cell death. All in all, these findings suggest the prospective use of SCE as an effective adjunct in a CsA-based immunosuppressive regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lai
- Department of Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Wei
- Department of Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Chenxue Zhang
- Department of Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijian Quan
- Department of Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongming Li
- Department of Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Wang C, Jin R, Zhu X, Yan J, Li G. Function of CD147 in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:59-66. [PMID: 25604960 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin super family, is a well-known potent inducer of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases. Studies show that CD147 is upregulated in inflammatory diseases. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall. Further understanding of the functions of CD147 in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis may provide a new strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss how CD147 contributes to atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China, 212001
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Abstract
Nephrotoxicity or renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissue, inflammatory tissue injury, and/or obstruction of renal excretion. Nephrotoxicity is frequently induced by a wide spectrum of therapeutic drugs and environ mental pollutants. Knowledge of the complex molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to nephrotoxicity remains limited, in part, by research that historically focused on single or relatively few risk markers. As such, current kidney injury biomarkers are inadequate in terms of sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, metabolomics enables screening of a vast array of metabolites simultaneously using NMR and MS to assess their role in nephrotoxicity development and progression. A more comprehensive understanding of these biochemical pathways would also provide valuable insight to disease mechanisms critical for drug development and treatment.
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20
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Xiong L, Edwards CK, Zhou L. The biological function and clinical utilization of CD147 in human diseases: a review of the current scientific literature. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17411-41. [PMID: 25268615 PMCID: PMC4227170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 or EMMPRIN is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily in humans. It is widely expressed in human tumors and plays a central role in the progression of many cancers by stimulating the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines. CD147 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor cell migration, metastasis and differentiation, especially under hypoxic conditions. CD147 is also important to many organ systems. This review will provide a detailed overview of the discovery, characterization, molecular structure, diverse biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of CD147 in human physiological and pathological processes. In particular, recent studies have demonstrated the potential application of CD147 not only as a phenotypic marker of activated regulatory T cells but also as a potential diagnostic marker for early-stage disease. Moreover, CD147 is recognized as an effective therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers, and exciting clinical progress has been made in HCC treatment using CD147-directed monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Carl K Edwards
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Research (NKLB), West China Hospital and Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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21
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Klawitter J, Klawitter J, Schmitz V, Shokati T, Epshtein E, Thurman JM, Christians U. Mycophenolate mofetil enhances the negative effects of sirolimus and tacrolimus on rat kidney cell metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86202. [PMID: 24497939 PMCID: PMC3907404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) per se is not known to have negative effects on the kidney. MMF alone or in combination with sirolimus, can be the basis of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free, kidney sparing drug protocols. However, long-term outcomes in patients on MMF/SRL seem to be inferior to those treated with regimens that include the CNI tacrolimus (TAC) due to an increased risk of allo-immune reactions. Interestingly, potential enhancement of the negative effects of SRL and TAC on the kidney by MMF has never been considered. Experimental Approach It was our aim to study the effects of TAC, SRL and MMF alone and evaluate their interactions when combined on the rat kidney. For this purpose we used a comprehensive molecular marker approach including measurements of urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations (oxidative stress marker) and changes of urinary metabolite patterns (1H-NMR spectroscopy) and comparing these markers to renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) and morphologic alterations (histology). Key Results While MMF alone did not impact GFR, its interaction with SRL and TAC led to a significant decrease of rats’ renal function. The decline went in parallel with a significant increase in urinary isoprostane concentrations and an enhancement of negative effects on urinary metabolite patterns. Conclusions In broad summary, the present study showed that MMF may enhance the negative effects of TAC on kidney function and may even display nephrotoxic properties when combined with SRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Volker Schmitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Touraj Shokati
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Epshtein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Thurman
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Everolimus and sirolimus in combination with cyclosporine have different effects on renal metabolism in the rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48063. [PMID: 23118926 PMCID: PMC3485290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity by sirolimus (SRL) is limiting the clinical use of this drug combination. We compared the dose-dependent effects of the structurally related everolimus (EVL) and sirolimus (SRL) alone, and in combination with cyclosporine (CsA), on the rat kidney. Lewis rats were treated by oral gavage for 28 days using a checkerboard dosing format (0, 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0 CsA and 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day SRL or EVL, n = 4/dose combination). After 28 days, oxidative stress, energy charge, kidney histologies, glomerular filtration rates, and concentrations of the immunosuppressants were measured along with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry profiles of cellular metabolites in urine. The combination of CsA with SRL led to higher urinary glucose concentrations and decreased levels of urinary Krebs cycle metabolites when compared to controls, suggesting that CsA+SRL negatively impacted proximal tubule metabolism. Unsupervised principal component analysis of MRS spectra distinguished unique urine metabolite patterns of rats treated with CsA+SRL from those treated with CsA+EVL and the controls. SRL, but not EVL blood concentrations were inversely correlated with urine Krebs cycle metabolite concentrations. Interestingly, the higher the EVL concentration, the closer urine metabolite patterns resembled those of controls, while in contrast, the combination of the highest doses of CsA+SRL showed the most significant differences in metabolite patterns. Surprisingly in this rat model, EVL and SRL in combination with CsA had different effects on kidney biochemistry, suggesting that further exploration of EVL in combination with low dose calcineurin inhibitors may be of potential benefit.
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