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Chen W, He Y, Fang C, Lu H. A rapid and convenient sample treatment method based on the dissolvable polyacrylamide gel for S-acylation proteomics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4590-4598. [PMID: 38920099 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is an important lipid modification and plays a series of biological functions. As a classic proteomic method for S-acylated proteome analysis, the acyl-biotin exchange and its derivative methods are known to be very labour-intensive and time-consuming all the time, and will result in significant sample loss. Multiple methanol-chloroform precipitations are involved in order to remove the substances that would interfere with enrichment and identification including detergents, the residual reduction and alkylation reagents. Here, we developed a rapid and convenient method for S-acylation proteomics by combining a dissolvable tube gel and the classic ABE method, a Dissolvable Gel based One-Tube sample Treatment method (DGOTT) method. The protein fixation rate, impact of the gel size on analysis performance and feasibility for analyzing complex samples were evaluated. This method enabled the alkylation and chemical substitution reactions to be conducted in a single EP tube, and convenient removal of interferents through gel washing, which could obviously simplify operations and shorten the sample treatment duration. Finally, we identified a total of 1625 potential S-acylated proteins from 800 μg of mouse brain cerebral cortex proteins. We believe that our method could offer potential for high-throughput analysis of protein S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufei He
- Department of Chemistry and Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiyun Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Xie H, Hu Y, Liu H. A SAW-Based Programmable Controlled RNA Detecting Device: Rapid In Situ Cytolysis-RNA Capture-RNA Release-PCR in One Mini Chamber. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309744. [PMID: 38773709 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Viral RNA detection is crucial in preventing and treating early infectious diseases. Traditional methods of RNA detection require a large amount of equipment and technical personnel. In this study, proposed a programmable controlled surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based RNA detecting device has been proposed. The proposed device can perform the entire viral RNA detection process, including cell lysis by cell-microparticle collision through SAW-induced liquid whirling, RNA capture by SAW-suspended magnetic beads, RNA elution through SAW-induced high streaming force, and PCR thermal cycling through SAW-generated heat. The device has completed all RNA detection steps in one mini chamber, requiring only 489 µl reagents for RNA extraction, much smaller than the amount used in manual RNA extraction (2065 µl). The experimental results have shown that PCR results from the device are comparable to those achieved via commercial qPCR instrumental detection. This work has demonstrated the potential of SAW-based lab-on-a-chip devices for point-of-care testing and provided a novel approach for rapidly detecting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Hetao Xie
- University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
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3
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Kumar S, Karmacharya M, Cho YK. Bridging the Gap between Nonliving Matter and Cellular Life. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202962. [PMID: 35988151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell, the fundamental unit of life, contains the requisite blueprint information necessary to survive and to build tissues, organs, and systems, eventually forming a fully functional living creature. A slight structural alteration can result in data misprinting, throwing the entire life process off balance. Advances in synthetic biology and cell engineering enable the predictable redesign of biological systems to perform novel functions. Individual functions and fundamental processes at the core of the biology of cells can be investigated by employing a synthetically constrained micro or nanoreactor. However, constructing a life-like structure from nonliving building blocks remains a considerable challenge. Chemical compartments, cascade signaling, energy generation, growth, replication, and adaptation within micro or nanoreactors must be comparable with their biological counterparts. Although these reactors currently lack the power and behavioral sophistication of their biological equivalents, their interface with biological systems enables the development of hybrid solutions for real-world applications, such as therapeutic agents, biosensors, innovative materials, and biochemical microreactors. This review discusses the latest advances in cell membrane-engineered micro or nanoreactors, as well as the limitations associated with high-throughput preparation methods and biological applications for the real-time modulation of complex pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamata Karmacharya
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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4
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Habibi S, Lee HY, Moncada-Hernandez H, Minerick AR. Induction and suppression of cell lysis in an electrokinetic microfluidic system. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1322-1336. [PMID: 35306692 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to strategically induce or suppress cell lysis is critical for many cellular-level diagnostic and therapeutic applications conducted within electrokinetic microfluidic platforms. The chemical and structural integrity of sub-cellular components is important when inducing cell lysis. However, metal electrodes and electrolytes participate in undesirable electrochemical reactions that alter solution composition and potentially damage protein, RNA, and DNA integrity within device microenvironments. For many biomedical applications, cell viability must be maintained even when device-imposed cell-stressing stimuli (e.g., electrochemical reaction byproducts) are present. In this work, we explored a novel and tunable method to accurately induce or suppress device-imposed artifacts on human red blood cell (RBC) lysis in non-uniform AC electric fields. For precise tunability, a dielectric hafnium oxide (HfO2 ) layer was used to prevent electron transfer between the electrodes and the electric double layer and thus reduce harmful electrochemical reactions. Additionally, a low concentration of Triton X-100 surfactant was explored as a tool to stabilize cell membrane integrity. The extent of hemolysis was studied as a function of time, electrode configuration (T-shaped and star-shaped), cell position, applied non-uniform AC electric field, with uncoated and HfO2 coated electrodes (50 nm), and absence and presence of Triton X-100 (70 µM). Tangible outcomes include a parametric analysis relying upon literature and this work to design, tune, and operate electrokinetic microdevices to intentionally induce or suppress cellular lysis without altering intracellular components. Implications are that devices can be engineered to leverage or minimize device-imposed biological artefacts extending the versatility and utility of electrokinetic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Hwi Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Adrienne R Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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5
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ACPNet: A Deep Learning Network to Identify Anticancer Peptides by Hybrid Sequence Information. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051544. [PMID: 35268644 PMCID: PMC8912097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most dangerous threats to human health. One of the issues is drug resistance action, which leads to side effects after drug treatment. Numerous therapies have endeavored to relieve the drug resistance action. Recently, anticancer peptides could be a novel and promising anticancer candidate, which can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration, and suppress the formation of tumor blood vessels, with fewer side effects. However, it is costly, laborious and time consuming to identify anticancer peptides by biological experiments with a high throughput. Therefore, accurately identifying anti-cancer peptides becomes a key and indispensable step for anticancer peptides therapy. Although some existing computer methods have been developed to predict anticancer peptides, the accuracy still needs to be improved. Thus, in this study, we propose a deep learning-based model, called ACPNet, to distinguish anticancer peptides from non-anticancer peptides (non-ACPs). ACPNet employs three different types of peptide sequence information, peptide physicochemical properties and auto-encoding features linking the training process. ACPNet is a hybrid deep learning network, which fuses fully connected networks and recurrent neural networks. The comparison with other existing methods on ACPs82 datasets shows that ACPNet not only achieves the improvement of 1.2% Accuracy, 2.0% F1-score, and 7.2% Recall, but also gets balanced performance on the Matthews correlation coefficient. Meanwhile, ACPNet is verified on an independent dataset, with 20 proven anticancer peptides, and only one anticancer peptide is predicted as non-ACPs. The comparison and independent validation experiment indicate that ACPNet can accurately distinguish anticancer peptides from non-ACPs.
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Yang S, Xiong Y, Du Y, Wang YJ, Zhang L, Shen F, Liu YJ, Liu X, Yang P. Ultrasensitive Trace Sample Proteomics Unraveled the Protein Remodeling during Mesenchymal-Amoeboid Transition. Anal Chem 2021; 94:768-776. [PMID: 34928127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deep mining the proteome of trace biological samples is critical for biomedical applications. However, it remains a challenge due to the loss of analytes caused by current sample preparation procedures. To address this, we recently developed a single-pot and miniaturized in-solution digestion (SMID) method for minute sample handling with three streamlined steps and completed within 3 h. The SMID approach outperformed the traditional workflow in substantially saving time, reducing sample loss, and exhibiting extensive applicability for 10-100 000 cell analysis. This user-friendly and high-sensitivity strategy enables ∼5300 proteins and 53 000 peptides to be confidently identified within 1 h of mass spectrometry (MS) time from a small amount of 1000 HeLa cells. In addition, we accurately and robustly detected proteomes in 10 mouse oocytes with excellent reproducibility. We further adopted SMID for the proteome analysis in cell migration under confinement, which induced cells to undergo a mesenchymal-amoeboid transition (MAT). During the MAT, a systematic quantitative proteome map of 1000 HeLa cells was constructed with seven expression profile clusters, which illustrated the application of SMID and provided a fundamental resource to investigate the mechanism of MAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yueting Xiong
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Du
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenglin Shen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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7
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Bickner AN, Champion MM, Hummon AB, Bruening ML. Electroblotting through a tryptic membrane for LC-MS/MS analysis of proteins separated in electrophoretic gels. Analyst 2021; 145:7724-7735. [PMID: 33000802 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Digestion of proteins separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) remains a popular method for protein identification using mass-spectrometry based proteomics. Although robust and routine, the in-gel digestion procedure is laborious and time-consuming. Electroblotting to a capture membrane prior to digestion reduces preparation steps but requires on-membrane digestion that yields fewer peptides than in-gel digestion. This paper develops direct electroblotting through a trypsin-containing membrane to a capture membrane to simplify extraction and digestion of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE. Subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identifies the extracted peptides. Analysis of peptides from different capture membrane pieces shows that electrodigestion does not greatly disturb the spatial resolution of a standard protein mixture separated by SDS-PAGE. Electrodigestion of an Escherichia coli (E. coli) cell lysate requires four hours of total sample preparation and results in only 13% fewer protein identifications than in-gel digestion, which can take 24 h. Compared to simple electroblotting and protein digestion on a poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) capture membrane, adding a trypsin membrane to the electroblot increases the number of protein identifications by 22%. Additionally, electrodigestion experiments using capture membranes coated with polyelectrolyte layers identify a higher fraction of small proteolytic peptides than capture on PVDF or in-gel digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Bickner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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8
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Review of Microfluidic Methods for Cellular Lysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050498. [PMID: 33925101 PMCID: PMC8145176 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a process in which the outer cell membrane is broken to release intracellular constituents in a way that important information about the DNA or RNA of an organism can be obtained. This article is a thorough review of reported methods for the achievement of effective cellular boundaries disintegration, together with their technological peculiarities and instrumental requirements. The different approaches are summarized in six categories: chemical, mechanical, electrical methods, thermal, laser, and other lysis methods. Based on the results derived from each of the investigated reports, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of those techniques. Although the choice of a suitable method is highly dependent on the particular requirements of the specific scientific problem, we conclude with a concise table where the benefits of every approach are compared, based on criteria such as cost, efficiency, and difficulty.
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9
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Yan J, Wang J, Villalobos Solis MI, Jin H, Chourey K, Li X, Yang Y, Yin Y, Hettich RL, Löffler FE. Respiratory Vinyl Chloride Reductive Dechlorination to Ethene in TceA-Expressing Dehalococcoides mccartyi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4831-4841. [PMID: 33683880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes in anoxic aquifers hinges on organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoidia expressing vinyl chloride (VC) reductive dehalogenase (RDase). The tceA gene encoding the trichloroethene-dechlorinating RDase TceA is frequently detected in contaminated groundwater but not recognized as a biomarker for VC detoxification. We demonstrate that tceA-carrying Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) strains FL2 and 195 grow with VC as an electron acceptor when sufficient vitamin B12 (B12) is provided. Strain FL2 cultures that received 50 μg L-1 B12 completely dechlorinated VC to ethene at rates of 14.80 ± 1.30 μM day-1 and attained 1.64 ± 0.11 × 108 cells per μmol of VC consumed. Strain 195 attained similar growth yields of 1.80 ± 1.00 × 108 cells per μmol of VC consumed, and both strains could be consecutively transferred with VC as the electron acceptor. Proteomic analysis demonstrated TceA expression in VC-grown strain FL2 cultures. Resequencing of the strain FL2 and strain 195 tceA genes identified non-synonymous substitutions, although their consequences for TceA function are currently unknown. The finding that Dhc strains expressing TceA respire VC can explain ethene formation at chlorinated solvent sites, where quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that tceA dominates the RDase gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Huijuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yongchao Yin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JIBS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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10
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Li Y, Liu X, Huang Q, Ohta AT, Arai T. Bubbles in microfluidics: an all-purpose tool for micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1016-1035. [PMID: 33538756 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the integration of microfluidic devices and multiple actuation technologies at the microscale has greatly contributed to the progress of related fields. In particular, microbubbles are playing an increasingly important role in microfluidics because of their unique characteristics that lead to specific responses to different energy sources and gas-liquid interactions. Many effective and functional bubble-based micromanipulation strategies have been developed and improved, enabling various non-invasive, selective, and precise operations at the microscale. This review begins with a brief introduction of the morphological characteristics and formation of microbubbles. The theoretical foundations and working mechanisms of typical micromanipulations based on acoustic, thermodynamic, and chemical microbubbles in fluids are described. We critically review the extensive applications and the frontline advances of bubbles in microfluidics, including microflow patterns, position and orientation control, biomedical applications, and development of bubble-based microrobots. We lastly present an outlook to provide directions for the design and application of microbubble-based micromanipulation tools and attract the attention of relevant researchers to the enormous potential of microbubbles in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Pandian K, Ajanth Praveen M, Hoque SZ, Sudeepthi A, Sen AK. Continuous electrical lysis of cancer cells in a microfluidic device with passivated interdigitated electrodes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:064101. [PMID: 33163136 PMCID: PMC7609135 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a critical step in genomics for the extraction of cellular components of downstream assays. Electrical lysis (EL) offers key advantages in terms of speed and non-interference. Here, we report a simple, chemical-free, and automated technique based on a microfluidic device with passivated interdigitated electrodes with DC fields for continuous EL of cancer cells. We show that the critical problems in EL, bubble formation and electrode erosion that occur at high electric fields, can be circumvented by passivating the electrodes with a thin layer (∼18 μm) of polydimethylsiloxane. We present a numerical model for the prediction of the transmembrane potential (TMP) at different coating thicknesses and voltages to verify the critical TMP criterion for EL. Our simulations showed that the passivation layer results in a uniform electric field in the electrode region and offers a TMP in the range of 5-7 V at an applied voltage of 800 V, which is well above the critical TMP (∼1 V) required for EL. Experiments revealed that lysis efficiency increases with an increase in the electric field (E) and residence time (tr): a minimum E ∼ 105 V/m and tr ∼ 1.0 s are required for efficient lysis. EL of cancer cells is demonstrated and characterized using immunochemical staining and compared with chemical lysis. The lysis efficiency is found to be ∼98% at E = 4 × 105 V/m and tr = 0.72 s. The efficient recovery of genomic DNA via EL is demonstrated using agarose gel electrophoresis, proving the suitability of our method for integration with downstream on-chip assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Pandian
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M. Ajanth Praveen
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S. Z. Hoque
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A. Sudeepthi
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A. K. Sen
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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12
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Zacchi LF, Recinos DR, Otte E, Aitken C, Hunt T, Sandford V, Lee YY, Schulz BL, Howard CB. S-Trap Eliminates Cell Culture Media Polymeric Surfactants for Effective Proteomic Analysis of Mammalian Cell Bioreactor Supernatants. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2149-2158. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia F. Zacchi
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dinora Roche Recinos
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ellen Otte
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Tony Hunt
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Yih Yean Lee
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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13
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Cell Lysis Based on an Oscillating Microbubble Array. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030288. [PMID: 32164279 PMCID: PMC7143388 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a process of breaking cell membranes to release intracellular substances such as DNA, RNA, protein, or organelles from a cell. The detection of DNA, RNA, or protein from the lysed cells is of importance for cancer diagnostics and drug screening. In this study, we develop a microbubble array that enables the realization of multiple cell lysis induced by the shear stress resulting from the individual oscillating microbubbles. The oscillating microbubbles in the channel have similar vibration amplitudes, and the intracellular substances can be released from the individual cells efficiently. Moreover, the efficiency of cell lysis increases with increments of input voltage and sonication time. By means of DNA agarose-gel electrophoresis, a sufficient extraction amount of DNA released from the lysed cells can be detected, and there is no significant difference in lysis efficiency when compared to cell lysis achieved using commercial kits. With the advantages of the simple manufacturing process, low cost, high efficiency, and high speed, this device can serve as an efficient and versatile tool for the single-cell sequencing of cell biology research, disease diagnosis, and stem cell therapy.
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Awad D, Brueck T. Optimization of protein isolation by proteomic qualification from Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:449-462. [PMID: 31797019 PMCID: PMC6992551 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, microbial oils have been extensively investigated as a renewable platform for biofuel and oleochemical production. Offering a potent alternative to plant-based oils, oleaginous microorganisms have been the target of ongoing metabolic engineering aimed at increasing growth and lipid yields, in addition to specialty fatty acids. Discovery proteomics is an attractive tool for elucidating lipogenesis and identifying metabolic bottlenecks, feedback regulation, and competing biosynthetic pathways. One prominent microbial oil producer is Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus, due to its broad feedstock catabolism and high lipid yield. However, this yeast has a recalcitrant cell wall and high cell lipid content, which complicates efficient and unbiased protein extraction for downstream proteomic analysis. Optimization efforts of protein sample preparation from C. oleaginosus in the present study encompasses the comparison of 8 lysis methods, 13 extraction buffers, and 17 purification methods with respect to protein abundance, proteome coverage, applicability, and physiochemical properties (pI, MW, hydrophobicity in addition to COG, and GO analysis). The optimized protocol presented in this work entails a one-step extraction method utilizing an optimal lysis method (liquid homogenization), which is augmented with a superior extraction buffer (50 mM Tris, 8/2 M Urea/Thiourea, and 1% C7BzO), followed by either of 2 advantageous purification methods (hexane/ethanol or TCA/acetone), depending on subsequent applications and target studies. This work presents a significant step forward towards implementation of efficient C. oleaginosus proteome mining for the identification of potential targets for genetic optimization of this yeast to improve lipogenesis and production of specialty lipids. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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15
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Orellana LH, Hatt JK, Iyer R, Chourey K, Hettich RL, Spain JC, Yang WH, Chee-Sanford JC, Sanford RA, Löffler FE, Konstantinidis KT. Comparing DNA, RNA and protein levels for measuring microbial dynamics in soil microcosms amended with nitrogen fertilizer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17630. [PMID: 31772206 PMCID: PMC6879594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To what extent multi-omic techniques could reflect in situ microbial process rates remains unclear, especially for highly diverse habitats like soils. Here, we performed microcosm incubations using sandy soil from an agricultural site in Midwest USA. Microcosms amended with isotopically labeled ammonium and urea to simulate a fertilization event showed nitrification (up to 4.1 ± 0.87 µg N-NO3- g-1 dry soil d-1) and accumulation of N2O after 192 hours of incubation. Nitrification activity (NH4+ → NH2OH → NO → NO2- → NO3-) was accompanied by a 6-fold increase in relative expression of the 16S rRNA gene (RNA/DNA) between 10 and 192 hours of incubation for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira, unlike archaea and comammox bacteria, which showed stable gene expression. A strong relationship between nitrification activity and betaproteobacterial ammonia monooxygenase and nitrite oxidoreductase transcript abundances revealed that mRNA quantitatively reflected measured activity and was generally more sensitive than DNA under these conditions. Although peptides related to housekeeping proteins from nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms were detected, their abundance was not significantly correlated with activity, revealing that meta-proteomics provided only a qualitative assessment of activity. Altogether, these findings underscore the strengths and limitations of multi-omic approaches for assessing diverse microbial communities in soils and provide new insights into nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Orellana
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratorio de Enteropatogenos, Programa de Microbiología y Micología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janet K Hatt
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jim C Spain
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics & Bioremediation, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy H Yang
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanne C Chee-Sanford
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Sanford
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Xu K, Liang Y, Piehowski PD, Dou M, Schwarz KC, Zhao R, Sontag RL, Moore RJ, Zhu Y, Kelly RT. Benchtop-compatible sample processing workflow for proteome profiling of < 100 mammalian cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4587-4596. [PMID: 30460388 PMCID: PMC6527493 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extending proteomics to smaller samples can enable the mapping of protein expression across tissues with high spatial resolution and can reveal sub-group heterogeneity. However, despite the continually improving sensitivity of LC-MS instrumentation, in-depth profiling of samples containing low-nanogram amounts of protein has remained challenging due to analyte losses incurred during preparation and analysis. To address this, we recently developed nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples (nanoPOTS), a robotic/microfluidic platform that generates ready-to-analyze peptides from cellular material in ~200 nL droplets with greatly reduced sample losses. In combination with ultrasensitive LC-MS, nanoPOTS has enabled >3000 proteins to be confidently identified from as few as 10 cultured human cells and ~700 proteins from single cells. However, the nanoPOTS platform requires a highly skilled operator and a costly in-house-built robotic nanopipetting instrument. In this work, we sought to evaluate the extent to which the benefits of nanodroplet processing could be preserved when upscaling reagent dispensing volumes by a factor of 10 to those addressable by commercial micropipette. We characterized the resulting platform, termed microdroplet processing in one pot for trace samples (μPOTS), for the analysis of as few as ~25 cultured HeLa cells (4 ng total protein) or 50 μm square mouse liver tissue thin sections and found that ~1800 and ~1200 unique proteins were respectively identified with high reproducibility. The reduced equipment requirements should facilitate broad dissemination of nanoproteomics workflows by obviating the need for a capital-intensive custom liquid handling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Xu
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kaitlynn C Schwarz
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ryan L Sontag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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17
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Ma Z, Peng J, Yu D, Park JS, Lin H, Xu B, Lu C, Fan H, Waldor MK. A streptococcal Fic domain-containing protein disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity by activating moesin in endothelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007737. [PMID: 31071198 PMCID: PMC6529018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing meningitis in humans. The mechanisms that enable pathogens to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of a newly identified Fic domain-containing protein, BifA, in SEZ virulence. BifA was required for SEZ to cross the BBB and to cause meningitis in mice. BifA also enhanced SEZ translocation across human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell (hBMEC) monolayers. Purified BifA or its Fic domain-containing C-terminus alone were able to enter into hBMECs, leading to disruption of monolayer barrier integrity. A SILAC-based proteomic screen revealed that BifA binds moesin. BifA’s Fic domain was required for its binding to this regulator of host cell cytoskeletal processes. BifA treatment of hBMECs led to moesin phosphorylation and downstream RhoA activation. Inhibition of moesin activation or moesin depletion in hBMEC monolayers abrogated BifA-mediated increases in barrier permeability and SEZ’s capacity to translocate across monolayers. Thus, BifA activation of moesin appears to constitute a key mechanism by which SEZ disrupts endothelial monolayer integrity to penetrate the BBB. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is an important animal pathogen and can cause meningitis in humans. Little is known about how this Group C streptococcal species penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We identified bifA, a gene that is critical for SEZ to cause meningitis in mice and to penetrate a human brain endothelial monolayer in a tissue culture model. BifA’s Fic domain enables the protein to enter into endothelial monolayers and to bind to moesin, a cytoskeletal regulatory protein, leading to its activation. Preventing moesin activation abolished BifA-induced barrier leakiness and SEZ’s capacity to penetrate a monolayer barrier. Together, our findings suggest that SEZ meningitis depends on BifA, a Fic-domain protein that manipulates moesin-dependent signaling to modulate BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joseph S. Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (HF); (MKW)
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HF); (MKW)
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18
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Proteogenomics Reveals Novel Reductive Dehalogenases and Methyltransferases Expressed during Anaerobic Dichloromethane Metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02768-18. [PMID: 30658979 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02768-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloromethane (DCM) is susceptible to microbial degradation under anoxic conditions and is metabolized via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway; however, mechanistic understanding of carbon-chlorine bond cleavage is lacking. The microbial consortium RM contains the DCM degrader "Candidatus Dichloromethanomonas elyunquensis" strain RM, which strictly requires DCM as a growth substrate. Proteomic workflows applied to DCM-grown consortium RM biomass revealed a total of 1,705 nonredundant proteins, 521 of which could be assigned to strain RM. In the presence of DCM, strain RM expressed a complete set of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway enzymes, as well as proteins implicated in chemotaxis, motility, sporulation, and vitamin/cofactor synthesis. Four corrinoid-dependent methyltransferases were among the most abundant proteins. Notably, two of three putative reductive dehalogenases (RDases) encoded within strain RM's genome were also detected in high abundance. Expressed RDase 1 and RDase 2 shared 30% amino acid identity, and RDase 1 was most similar to an RDase of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain WBC-2 (AOV99960, 52% amino acid identity), while RDase 2 was most similar to an RDase of Dehalobacter sp. strain UNSWDHB (EQB22800, 72% amino acid identity). Although the involvement of RDases in anaerobic DCM metabolism has yet to be experimentally verified, the proteome characterization results implicated the possible participation of one or more reductive dechlorination steps and methyl group transfer reactions, leading to a revised proposal for an anaerobic DCM degradation pathway.IMPORTANCE Naturally produced and anthropogenically released DCM can reside in anoxic environments, yet little is known about the diversity of organisms, enzymes, and mechanisms involved in carbon-chlorine bond cleavage in the absence of oxygen. A proteogenomic approach identified two RDases and four corrinoid-dependent methyltransferases expressed by the DCM degrader "Candidatus Dichloromethanomonas elyunquensis" strain RM, suggesting that reductive dechlorination and methyl group transfer play roles in anaerobic DCM degradation. These findings suggest that the characterized DCM-degrading bacterium Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum and "Candidatus Dichloromethanomonas elyunquensis" strain RM utilize distinct strategies for carbon-chlorine bond cleavage, indicating that multiple pathways evolved for anaerobic DCM metabolism. The specific proteins (e.g., RDases and methyltransferases) identified in strain RM may have value as biomarkers for monitoring anaerobic DCM degradation in natural and contaminated environments.
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19
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Wang S, Lv X, Su Y, Fan Z, Fang W, Duan J, Zhang S, Ma B, Liu F, Chen H, Geng Z, Liu H. Piezoelectric Microchip for Cell Lysis through Cell-Microparticle Collision within a Microdroplet Driven by Surface Acoustic Wave Oscillation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804593. [PMID: 30690881 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is an important and crucial step for the detection of intracellular secrets. Usually, cell lysis is based on strong ultrasonic waves or toxic chemical regents, which require a large amount of cell suspension. To obtain high efficiency cell lysis for a small amount of sample, a mechanical cell lysis method based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) microchip is proposed. The microchip simply consists of a piece of LiNbO3 crystal substrate, interdigitated transducers (IDTs) with 80 pairs of parallel electrodes and 3M Magic Tapes. The modulated input electrical signal is coupled into the substrate through IDTs, which produces an acoustic stream in the droplet on the surface of a substrate. When a biofluid droplet containing cells and microparticles is dropped on the surface of the microchip, the cells and microparticles are accelerated and collide with each other. The fluorescence staining results illustrate that the cell membrane is efficiently destroyed and that proteins as well as nucleic acids inside the cell are released. The experimental results show that this method has a high efficiency and low sample consumption. The potential application is the pretreatment of a small amount of tested sample in a hospital or biolab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weihao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Baojin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoxin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Jinan University, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
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20
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Cell Separation and Disruption, Product Recovery, and Purification. ESSENTIALS IN FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16230-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Yu H, Susanti D, McGlynn SE, Skennerton CT, Chourey K, Iyer R, Scheller S, Tavormina PL, Hettich RL, Mukhopadhyay B, Orphan VJ. Comparative Genomics and Proteomic Analysis of Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction Pathways in Anaerobic Methanotrophic Archaea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2917. [PMID: 30559729 PMCID: PMC6286981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfate is the predominant electron acceptor for anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments. This process is carried out by a syntrophic consortium of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) through an energy conservation mechanism that is still poorly understood. It was previously hypothesized that ANME alone could couple methane oxidation to dissimilatory sulfate reduction, but a genetic and biochemical basis for this proposal has not been identified. Using comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we found the genetic capacity in ANME and related methanogenic archaea for sulfate reduction, including sulfate adenylyltransferase, APS kinase, APS/PAPS reductase and two different sulfite reductases. Based on characterized homologs and the lack of associated energy conserving complexes, the sulfate reduction pathways in ANME are likely used for assimilation but not dissimilation of sulfate. Environmental metaproteomic analysis confirmed the expression of 6 proteins in the sulfate assimilation pathway of ANME. The highest expressed proteins related to sulfate assimilation were two sulfite reductases, namely assimilatory-type low-molecular-weight sulfite reductase (alSir) and a divergent group of coenzyme F420-dependent sulfite reductase (Group II Fsr). In methane seep sediment microcosm experiments, however, sulfite and zero-valent sulfur amendments were inhibitory to ANME-2a/2c while growth in their syntrophic SRB partner was not observed. Combined with our genomic and metaproteomic results, the passage of sulfur species by ANME as metabolic intermediates for their SRB partners is unlikely. Instead, our findings point to a possible niche for ANME to assimilate inorganic sulfur compounds more oxidized than sulfide in anoxic marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Dwi Susanti
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shawn E McGlynn
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Connor T Skennerton
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Silvan Scheller
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Patricia L Tavormina
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Biswarup Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Victoria J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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22
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Wang AY, Thuy-Boun PS, Stupp GS, Su AI, Wolan DW. Triflic Acid Treatment Enables LC-MS/MS Analysis of Insoluble Bacterial Biomass. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2978-2986. [PMID: 30019906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The lysis and extraction of soluble bacterial proteins from cells is a common practice for proteomics analyses, but insoluble bacterial biomasses are often left behind. Here, we show that with triflic acid treatment, the insoluble bacterial biomass of Gram- and Gram+ bacteria can be rendered soluble. We use LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics to show that bacterial proteins in the soluble and insoluble postlysis fractions differ significantly. Additionally, in the case of Gram- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, triflic acid treatment enables the enrichment of cell-envelope-associated proteins. Finally, we apply triflic acid to a human microbiome sample to show that this treatment is robust and enables the identification of a new, complementary subset of proteins from a complex microbial mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Peter S Thuy-Boun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Gregory S Stupp
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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23
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Estenson K, Hurst GB, Standaert RF, Bible AN, Garcia D, Chourey K, Doktycz MJ, Morrell-Falvey JL. Characterization of Indole-3-acetic Acid Biosynthesis and the Effects of This Phytohormone on the Proteome of the Plant-Associated Microbe Pantoea sp. YR343. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1361-1374. [PMID: 29464956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a central role in plant growth and development, and many plant-associated microbes produce IAA using tryptophan as the precursor. Using genomic analyses, we predicted that Pantoea sp. YR343, a microbe isolated from Populus deltoides, synthesizes IAA using the indole-3-pyruvate (IPA) pathway. To better understand IAA biosynthesis and the effects of IAA exposure on cell physiology, we characterized proteomes of Pantoea sp. YR343 grown in the presence of tryptophan or IAA. Exposure to IAA resulted in upregulation of proteins predicted to function in carbohydrate and amino acid transport and exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. Metabolite profiles of wild-type cells showed the production of IPA, IAA, and tryptophol, consistent with an active IPA pathway. Finally, we constructed an Δ ipdC mutant that showed the elimination of tryptophol, consistent with a loss of IpdC activity, but was still able to produce IAA (20% of wild-type levels). Although we failed to detect intermediates from other known IAA biosynthetic pathways, this result suggests the possibility of an alternate pathway or the production of IAA by a nonenzymatic route in Pantoea sp. YR343. The Δ ipdC mutant was able to efficiently colonize poplar, suggesting that an active IPA pathway is not required for plant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Estenson
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | | | - Robert F Standaert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States.,Shull Wollan Center - a Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Amber N Bible
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - David Garcia
- Bredesen Center , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | | | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States.,Bredesen Center , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Morrell-Falvey
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Utilization of a Detergent-Based Method for Direct Microbial Cellular Lysis/Proteome Extraction from Soil Samples for Metaproteomics Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1841:293-302. [PMID: 30259494 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8695-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil metaproteomics is a rapidly developing and rather complex field aimed at understanding the functionalities of soil microbial communities. One of the main challenges of such an approach is the availability of a robust and efficient protocol to extract proteins from soil microbes inhabiting this complex matrix. The wide range of soil types and the innumerable variations in soil properties confound this experimental goal. Here we present a detergent based, heat-assisted cellular lysis method coupled with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation of soil microbial proteins that has been developed in our lab and found to be reasonably robust and unbiased in extracting microbial proteins from a broad range of soils for downstream mass spectrometric characterizations of microbial metabolic activities in natural ecosystems.
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25
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Raymond-Bouchard I, Chourey K, Altshuler I, Iyer R, Hettich RL, Whyte LG. Mechanisms of subzero growth in the cryophile Planococcus halocryophilus determined through proteomic analysis. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4460-4479. [PMID: 28834033 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The eurypsychrophilic bacterium Planococcus halocryophilus is capable of growth down to -15°C, making it ideal for studying adaptations to subzero growth. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways important for subzero growth, we performed proteomics on P. halocryophilus grown at 23°C, 23°C with 12% w/v NaCl and -10°C with 12% w/v NaCl. Many proteins with increased abundances at -10°C versus 23°C also increased at 23C-salt versus 23°C, indicating a closely tied relationship between salt and cold stress adaptation. Processes which displayed the largest changes in protein abundance were peptidoglycan and fatty acid (FA) synthesis, translation processes, methylglyoxal metabolism, DNA repair and recombination, and protein and nucleotide turnover. We identified intriguing targets for further research at -10°C, including PlsX and KASII (FA metabolism), DD-transpeptidase and MurB (peptidoglycan synthesis), glyoxalase family proteins (reactive electrophile response) and ribosome modifying enzymes (translation turnover). PemK/MazF may have a crucial role in translational reprogramming under cold conditions. At -10°C P. halocryophilus induces stress responses, uses resources efficiently, and carefully controls its growth and metabolism to maximize subzero survival. The present study identifies several mechanisms involved in subzero growth and enhances our understanding of cold adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard
- Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ianina Altshuler
- Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Lyle G Whyte
- Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
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26
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Methane-Fueled Syntrophy through Extracellular Electron Transfer: Uncovering the Genomic Traits Conserved within Diverse Bacterial Partners of Anaerobic Methanotrophic Archaea. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00530-17. [PMID: 28765215 PMCID: PMC5539420 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00530-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic oxidation of methane by anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea in syntrophic partnership with deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is the primary mechanism for methane removal in ocean sediments. The mechanism of their syntrophy has been the subject of much research as traditional intermediate compounds, such as hydrogen and formate, failed to decouple the partners. Recent findings have indicated the potential for extracellular electron transfer from ANME archaea to SRB, though it is unclear how extracellular electrons are integrated into the metabolism of the SRB partner. We used metagenomics to reconstruct eight genomes from the globally distributed SEEP-SRB1 clade of ANME partner bacteria to determine what genomic features are required for syntrophy. The SEEP-SRB1 genomes contain large multiheme cytochromes that were not found in previously described free-living SRB and also lack periplasmic hydrogenases that may prevent an independent lifestyle without an extracellular source of electrons from ANME archaea. Metaproteomics revealed the expression of these cytochromes at in situ methane seep sediments from three sites along the Pacific coast of the United States. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these cytochromes appear to have been horizontally transferred from metal-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria such as Geobacter and may allow these syntrophic SRB to accept extracellular electrons in place of other chemical/organic electron donors. Some archaea, known as anaerobic methanotrophs, are capable of converting methane into carbon dioxide when they are growing syntopically with sulfate-reducing bacteria. This partnership is the primary mechanism for methane removal in ocean sediments; however, there is still much to learn about how this syntrophy works. Previous studies have failed to identify the metabolic intermediate, such as hydrogen or formate, that is passed between partners. However, recent analysis of methanotrophic archaea has suggested that the syntrophy is formed through direct electron transfer. In this research, we analyzed the genomes of multiple partner bacteria and showed that they also contain the genes necessary to perform extracellular electron transfer, which are absent in related bacteria that do not form syntrophic partnerships with anaerobic methanotrophs. This genomic evidence shows a possible mechanism for direct electron transfer from methanotrophic archaea into the metabolism of the partner bacteria.
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27
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Gao J, Zhong S, Zhou Y, He H, Peng S, Zhu Z, Liu X, Zheng J, Xu B, Zhou H. Comparative Evaluation of Small Molecular Additives and Their Effects on Peptide/Protein Identification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5784-5792. [PMID: 28530406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Detergents and salts are widely used in lysis buffers to enhance protein extraction from biological samples, facilitating in-depth proteomic analysis. However, these detergents and salt additives must be efficiently removed from the digested samples prior to LC-MS/MS analysis to obtain high-quality mass spectra. Although filter-aided sample preparation (FASP), acetone precipitation (AP), followed by in-solution digestion, and strong cation exchange-based centrifugal proteomic reactors (CPRs) are commonly used for proteomic sample processing, little is known about their efficiencies at removing detergents and salt additives. In this study, we (i) developed an integrative workflow for the quantification of small molecular additives in proteomic samples, developing a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based LC-MS approach for the quantification of six additives (i.e., Tris, urea, CHAPS, SDS, SDC, and Triton X-100) and (ii) systematically evaluated the relationships between the level of additive remaining in samples following sample processing and the number of peptides/proteins identified by mass spectrometry. Although FASP outperformed the other two methods, the results were complementary in terms of peptide/protein identification, as well as the GRAVY index and amino acid distributions. This is the first systematic and quantitative study of the effect of detergents and salt additives on protein identification. This MRM-based approach can be used for an unbiased evaluation of the performance of new sample preparation methods. Data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD005405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, China 200444.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Shaoyun Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, China 200444.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China 200237
| | - Han He
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Shuying Peng
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Co., Ltd. , No. 6 Building, 27 Xinjinqiao Road, Shanghai, China 201206
| | - Zhenyun Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Jing Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China 200237
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, China 200444
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, China 201203.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China 100049.,E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, China 201203
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28
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Shehadul Islam M, Aryasomayajula A, Selvaganapathy PR. A Review on Macroscale and Microscale Cell Lysis Methods. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190294 DOI: 10.3390/mi8030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The lysis of cells in order to extract the nucleic acids or proteins inside it is a crucial unit operation in biomolecular analysis. This paper presents a critical evaluation of the various methods that are available both in the macro and micro scale for cell lysis. Various types of cells, the structure of their membranes are discussed initially. Then, various methods that are currently used to lyse cells in the macroscale are discussed and compared. Subsequently, popular methods for micro scale cell lysis and different microfluidic devices used are detailed with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a comparison of different techniques used in microfluidics platform has been presented which will be helpful to select method for a particular application.
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29
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Ni MW, Wang L, Chen W, Mou HZ, Zhou J, Zheng ZG. Modified filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) method increases peptide and protein identifications for shotgun proteomics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:171-178. [PMID: 27794190 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification depends mainly on protein extraction and digestion. Although sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can preclude enzymatic digestion and interfere with MS analysis, it is still the most widely used surfactant in these steps. To overcome these disadvantages, a SDS-compatible proteomic technique for SDS removal prior to MS-based analyses was developed, namely filter-aided sample preparation (FASP). METHODS Herein, based on the effectiveness of sodium deoxycholate and a detergent removal spin column, we developed a modified FASP (mFASP) method and compared its overall performance, total number of peptides and proteins identified for shotgun proteomic experiments with that of the FASP method. RESULTS Identification of 4570 ± 392 and 9139 ± 317 peptides and description of 862 ± 46 and 1377 ± 33 protein groups with two or more peptides from the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 was accomplished by FASP and mFASP methods, respectively. The mFASP method (21.2 ± 0.2%) had higher average peptide to protein coverage than FASP method (13.2 ± 0.5%). More hydrophobic peptides were identified by mFASP than by FASP, as indicated by the GRAVY score distribution. CONCLUSIONS The reported method enables reliable and efficient identification of proteins and peptides in whole-cell extracts containing SDS. The new approach allows for higher throughput (the simultaneous identification of more proteins), a more comprehensive investigation of proteins, and potentially the discovery of new biomarkers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Wei Ni
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Han-Zhou Mou
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Development and Research Center of Official Silkworm Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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30
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Meyers A, Chourey K, Weiskittel TM, Pfiffner S, Dunlap JR, Hettich RL, Dalhaimer P. The protein and neutral lipid composition of lipid droplets isolated from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Microbiol 2017; 55:112-122. [PMID: 28120187 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets consist of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with bound proteins. Much of the information on lipid droplet function comes from proteomic and lipodomic studies that identify the components of droplets isolated from organisms throughout the phylogenetic tree. Here, we add to that important inventory by reporting lipid droplet factors from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unique to this study was the fact that cells were cultured in three different environments: 1) late log growth phase in glucose-based media, 2) stationary phase in glucosebased media, and 3) late log growth phase in media containing oleic acid. We confirmed colocalization of major factors with lipid droplets using live-cell fluorescent microscopy. We also analyzed droplets from each of the three conditions for sterol ester (SE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) content, along with their respective fatty acid compositions. We identified a previously undiscovered lipid droplet protein, Vip1p, which affects droplet size distribution. The results provide further insight into the workings of these ubiquitous organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Meyers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Taylor M Weiskittel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA
| | - Susan Pfiffner
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John R Dunlap
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | - Paul Dalhaimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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31
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32
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Wang HB, Zhang Y, Gui SQ, Feng YR, Han HC, Mao SH, Lu FP. Electro-ultrafiltration to remove sodium dodecyl sulfate in proteins extracted for proteomics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A creative electro-ultrafiltration method was developed to remove sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from proteins extracted for proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. B. Wang
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
| | - S. Q. Gui
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
| | - Y. R. Feng
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
| | - H. C. Han
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
| | - S. H. Mao
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
| | - F. P. Lu
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
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33
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A Simplified Workflow for Protein Quantitation of Rat Brain Tissues Using Label-Free Proteomics and Spectral Counting. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27604744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is an increasingly valuable tool for determining relative or quantitative protein abundance in brain tissues. A plethora of technical and analytical methods are available, but straightforward and practical approaches are often needed to facilitate reproducibility. This aspect is particularly important as an increasing number of studies focus on models of traumatic brain injury or brain trauma, for which brain tissue proteomes have not yet been fully described. This text provides suggested techniques for robust identification and quantitation of brain proteins by using molecular weight fractionation prior to mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Detailed sample preparation and generalized protocols for chromatography, mass spectrometry, spectral counting, and normalization are described. The rat cerebral cortex isolated from a model of blast-overpressure was used as an exemplary source of brain tissue. However, these techniques may be adapted for lysates generated from several types of cells or tissues and adapted by the end user.
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34
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Kachuk C, Faulkner M, Liu F, Doucette AA. Automated SDS Depletion for Mass Spectrometry of Intact Membrane Proteins though Transmembrane Electrophoresis. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2634-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Kachuk
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melissa Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Doucette
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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35
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Metabolic Regulation as a Consequence of Anaerobic 5-Methylthioadenosine Recycling in Rhodospirillum rubrum. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.00855-16. [PMID: 27406564 PMCID: PMC4958253 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00855-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum possesses a novel oxygen-independent, aerobic methionine salvage pathway (MSP) for recycling methionine from 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA), the MTA-isoprenoid shunt. This organism can also metabolize MTA as a sulfur source under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that the MTA-isoprenoid shunt may also function anaerobically as well. In this study, deep proteomics profiling, directed metabolite analysis, and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed metabolic changes in response to anaerobic growth on MTA versus sulfate as sole sulfur source. The abundance of protein levels associated with methionine transport, cell motility, and chemotaxis increased in the presence of MTA over that in the presence of sulfate. Purine salvage from MTA resulted primarily in hypoxanthine accumulation and a decrease in protein levels involved in GMP-to-AMP conversion to balance purine pools. Acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) metabolic protein levels for lipid metabolism were lower in abundance, whereas poly-β-hydroxybutyrate synthesis and storage were increased nearly 10-fold. The known R. rubrum aerobic MSP was also shown to be upregulated, to function anaerobically, and to recycle MTA. This suggested that other organisms with gene homologues for the MTA-isoprenoid shunt may also possess a functioning anaerobic MSP. In support of our previous findings that ribulose-1,5-carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is required for an apparently purely anaerobic MSP, RubisCO transcript and protein levels both increased in abundance by over 10-fold in cells grown anaerobically on MTA over those in cells grown on sulfate, resulting in increased intracellular RubisCO activity. These results reveal for the first time global metabolic responses as a consequence of anaerobic MTA metabolism compared to using sulfate as the sulfur source. In nearly all organisms, sulfur-containing byproducts result from many metabolic reactions. Unless these compounds are further metabolized, valuable organic sulfur is lost and can become limiting. To regenerate the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine, organisms typically employ one of several variations of a “universal” methionine salvage pathway (MSP). A common aspect of the universal MSP is a final oxygenation step. This work establishes that the metabolically versatile bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum employs a novel MSP that does not require oxygen under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. There is also a separate, dedicated anaerobic MTA metabolic route in R. rubrum. This work reveals global changes in cellular metabolism in response to anaerobic MTA metabolism compared to using sulfate as a sulfur source. We found that cell mobility and transport were enhanced, along with lipid, nucleotide, and carbohydrate metabolism, when cells were grown in the presence of MTA.
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36
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Marlow JJ, Skennerton CT, Li Z, Chourey K, Hettich RL, Pan C, Orphan VJ. Proteomic Stable Isotope Probing Reveals Biosynthesis Dynamics of Slow Growing Methane Based Microbial Communities. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:563. [PMID: 27199908 PMCID: PMC4850331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine methane seep habitats represent an important control on the global flux of methane. Nucleotide-based meta-omics studies outline community-wide metabolic potential, but expression patterns of environmentally relevant proteins are poorly characterized. Proteomic stable isotope probing (proteomic SIP) provides additional information by characterizing phylogenetically specific, functionally relevant activity in mixed microbial communities, offering enhanced detection through system-wide product integration. Here we applied proteomic SIP to 15NH4+ and CH4 amended seep sediment microcosms in an attempt to track protein synthesis of slow-growing, low-energy microbial systems. Across all samples, 3495 unique proteins were identified, 11% of which were 15N-labeled. Consistent with the dominant anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) activity commonly observed in anoxic seep sediments, proteins associated with sulfate reduction and reverse methanogenesis—including the ANME-2 associated methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase (Mer)—were all observed to be actively synthesized (15N-enriched). Conversely, proteins affiliated with putative aerobic sulfur-oxidizing epsilon- and gammaproteobacteria showed a marked decrease over time in our anoxic sediment incubations. The abundance and phylogenetic range of 15N-enriched methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) orthologs, many of which exhibited novel post-translational modifications, suggests that seep sediments provide niches for multiple organisms performing analogous metabolisms. In addition, 26 proteins of unknown function were consistently detected and actively expressed under conditions supporting AOM, suggesting that they play important roles in methane seep ecosystems. Stable isotope probing in environmental proteomics experiments provides a mechanism to determine protein durability and evaluate lineage-specific responses in complex microbial communities placed under environmentally relevant conditions. Our work here demonstrates the active synthesis of a metabolically specific minority of enzymes, revealing the surprising longevity of most proteins over the course of an extended incubation experiment in an established, slow-growing, methane-impacted environmental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Marlow
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Connor T Skennerton
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Victoria J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
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37
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Weng Y, Sui Z, Shan Y, Jiang H, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. In-Depth Proteomic Quantification of Cell Secretome in Serum-Containing Conditioned Medium. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4971-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Weng
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Sui
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yichu Shan
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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38
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Maaty WS, Weis DD. Label-Free, In-Solution Screening of Peptide Libraries for Binding to Protein Targets Using Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1335-43. [PMID: 26741284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the discovery of peptide ligands that bind to protein targets. Discovery of such ligands is usually approached by screening large peptide libraries. However, the individual peptides must be tethered to a tag that preserves their individual identities (e.g., phage display or one-bead one-compound). To overcome this limitation, we have developed a method for screening libraries of label-free peptides for binding to a protein target in solution as a single batch. The screening is based on decreased amide hydrogen exchange by peptides that bind to the target. Hydrogen exchange is measured by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate the approach using a peptide library derived from the Escherichia coli proteome that contained 6664 identifiable features. The library was spiked separately with a peptide spanning the calmodulin binding domain of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, 494-513) and a peptide spanning the N-terminal 20 residues of bovine ribonuclease A (S peptide). Human calmodulin and bovine ribonuclease S (RNase S) were screened against the library. Using a novel data analysis workflow, we identified the eNOS peptide as the only calmodulin binding peptide and S peptide as the only ribonuclease S binding peptide in the library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid S Maaty
- Department of Nucleic Acid and Protein Structure, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center , Giza 12619, Egypt
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39
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Comparison of sodium dodecyl sulfate depletion techniques for proteome analysis by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:158-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Colatriano D, Walsh DA. An Aquatic Microbial Metaproteomics Workflow: From Cells to Tryptic Peptides Suitable for Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Analysis. J Vis Exp 2015:52827. [PMID: 26437334 PMCID: PMC4692603 DOI: 10.3791/52827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-omic technologies such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics can aid in the understanding of microbial community structure and metabolism. Although powerful, metagenomics alone can only elucidate functional potential. On the other hand, metaproteomics enables the description of the expressed in situ metabolism and function of a community. Here we describe a protocol for cell lysis, protein and DNA isolation, as well as peptide digestion and extraction from marine microbial cells collected on a cartridge filter unit (such as the Sterivex filter unit) and preserved in an RNA stabilization solution (like RNAlater). In mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies, the identification of peptides and proteins is performed by comparing peptide tandem mass spectra to a database of translated nucleotide sequences. Including the metagenome of a sample in the search database increases the number of peptides and proteins that can be identified from the mass spectra. Hence, in this protocol DNA is isolated from the same filter, which can be used subsequently for metagenomic analysis.
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41
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Integrated SDS removal and protein digestion by hollow fiber membrane based device for SDS-assisted proteome analysis. Talanta 2015; 141:235-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Arul AB, Byambadorj M, Han NY, Park JM, Lee H. Development of an Automated, High-throughput Sample Preparation Protocol for Proteomics Analysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert-Baskar Arul
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | | | - Na-Young Han
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Moon Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon 406-799 Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute; Gil Medical Center; Incheon 405-760 Republic of Korea
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43
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Xiong W, Abraham PE, Li Z, Pan C, Hettich RL. Microbial metaproteomics for characterizing the range of metabolic functions and activities of human gut microbiota. Proteomics 2015; 15:3424-38. [PMID: 25914197 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is a complex, dynamic ecosystem that consists of a carefully tuned balance of human host and microbiota membership. The microbiome is not merely a collection of opportunistic parasites, but rather provides important functions to the host that are absolutely critical to many aspects of health, including nutrient transformation and absorption, drug metabolism, pathogen defense, and immune system development. Microbial metaproteomics provides the ability to characterize the human gut microbiota functions and metabolic activities at a remarkably deep level, revealing information about microbiome development and stability as well as their interactions with their human host. Generally, microbial and human proteins can be extracted and then measured by high performance MS-based proteomics technology. Here, we review the field of human gut microbiome metaproteomics, with a focus on the experimental and informatics considerations involved in characterizing systems ranging from low-complexity model gut microbiota in gnotobiotic mice, to the emerging gut microbiome in the GI tract of newborn human infants, and finally to an established gut microbiota in human adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xiong
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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44
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Alfonso-Garrido J, Garcia-Calvo E, Luque-Garcia JL. Sample preparation strategies for improving the identification of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4893-905. [PMID: 25967148 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite enormous advances in the mass spectrometry and proteomics fields during the last two decades, the analysis of membrane proteins still remains a challenge for the proteomic community. Membrane proteins play a wide number of key roles in several cellular events, making them relevant target molecules to study in a significant variety of investigations (e.g., cellular signaling, immune surveillance, drug targets, vaccine candidates, etc.). Here, we critically review the several attempts that have been carried out on the different steps of the sample preparation procedure to improve and modify existing conventional proteomic strategies in order to make them suitable for the study of membrane proteins. We also revise novel techniques that have been designed to tackle the difficult but relevant task of identifying and characterizing membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Alfonso-Garrido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Kim KH, Compton PD, Tran JC, Kelleher NL. Online matrix removal platform for coupling gel-based separations to whole protein electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2199-206. [PMID: 25836738 DOI: 10.1021/pr501331q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fractionation method called gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (GELFrEE) has been used to dramatically increase the number of proteins identified in top-down proteomic workflows; however, the technique involves the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant that interferes with electrospray ionization. Therefore, an efficient removal of SDS is absolutely required prior to mass analysis. Traditionally, methanol/chloroform precipitation and spin columns have been used, but they lack reproducibility and are difficult to automate. Therefore, we developed an in-line matrix removal platform to enable the direct analysis of samples containing SDS and salts. Only small molecules like SDS permeate a porous membrane and are removed in a manner similar to cross-flow filtration. With this device, near-complete removal of SDS is accomplished within 5 min and proteins are subsequently mobilized into a mass spectrometer. The new platform was optimized for the analysis of GELFrEE fractions enriched for histones extracted from human HeLa cells. All four core histones and their proteoforms were detected in a single spectrum by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The new method versus protein precipitation/resuspension showed 2- to 10-fold improved signal intensities, offering a clear path forward to improve proteome coverage and the efficiency of top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hun Kim
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Philip D Compton
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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46
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Lau MCY, Stackhouse BT, Layton AC, Chauhan A, Vishnivetskaya TA, Chourey K, Ronholm J, Mykytczuk NCS, Bennett PC, Lamarche-Gagnon G, Burton N, Pollard WH, Omelon CR, Medvigy DM, Hettich RL, Pfiffner SM, Whyte LG, Onstott TC. An active atmospheric methane sink in high Arctic mineral cryosols. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:1880-91. [PMID: 25871932 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emission by carbon-rich cryosols at the high latitudes in Northern Hemisphere has been studied extensively. In contrast, data on the CH4 emission potential of carbon-poor cryosols is limited, despite their spatial predominance. This work employs CH4 flux measurements in the field and under laboratory conditions to show that the mineral cryosols at Axel Heiberg Island in the Canadian high Arctic consistently consume atmospheric CH4. Omics analyses present the first molecular evidence of active atmospheric CH4-oxidizing bacteria (atmMOB) in permafrost-affected cryosols, with the prevalent atmMOB genotype in our acidic mineral cryosols being closely related to Upland Soil Cluster α. The atmospheric (atm) CH4 uptake at the study site increases with ground temperature between 0 °C and 18 °C. Consequently, the atm CH4 sink strength is predicted to increase by a factor of 5-30 as the Arctic warms by 5-15 °C over a century. We demonstrate that acidic mineral cryosols are a previously unrecognized potential of CH4 sink that requires further investigation to determine its potential impact on larger scales. This study also calls attention to the poleward distribution of atmMOB, as well as to the potential influence of microbial atm CH4 oxidation, in the context of regional CH4 flux models and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Y Lau
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - B T Stackhouse
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - A C Layton
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - A Chauhan
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - T A Vishnivetskaya
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - K Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J Ronholm
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - N C S Mykytczuk
- 1] Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada [2] Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - P C Bennett
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - G Lamarche-Gagnon
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Burton
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - W H Pollard
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C R Omelon
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - D M Medvigy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - R L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S M Pfiffner
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - L G Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - T C Onstott
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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47
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Nel AJM, Garnett S, Blackburn JM, Soares NC. Comparative Reevaluation of FASP and Enhanced FASP Methods by LC–MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1637-42. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. M. Nel
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Shaun Garnett
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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48
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Tanca A, Palomba A, Pisanu S, Deligios M, Fraumene C, Manghina V, Pagnozzi D, Addis MF, Uzzau S. A straightforward and efficient analytical pipeline for metaproteome characterization. MICROBIOME 2014; 2:49. [PMID: 25516796 PMCID: PMC4266899 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-014-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massive characterization of host-associated and environmental microbial communities has represented a real breakthrough in the life sciences in the last years. In this context, metaproteomics specifically enables the transition from assessing the genomic potential to actually measuring the functional expression of a microbiome. However, significant research efforts are still required to develop analysis pipelines optimized for metaproteome characterization. RESULTS This work presents an efficient analytical pipeline for shotgun metaproteomic analysis, combining bead-beating/freeze-thawing for protein extraction, filter-aided sample preparation for cleanup and digestion, and single-run liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for peptide separation and identification. The overall procedure is more time-effective and less labor-intensive when compared to state-of-the-art metaproteomic techniques. The pipeline was first evaluated using mock microbial mixtures containing different types of bacteria and yeasts, enabling the identification of up to over 15,000 non-redundant peptide sequences per run with a linear dynamic range from 10(4) to 10(8) colony-forming units. The pipeline was then applied to the mouse fecal metaproteome, leading to the overall identification of over 13,000 non-redundant microbial peptides with a false discovery rate of <1%, belonging to over 600 different microbial species and 250 functionally relevant protein families. An extensive mapping of the main microbial metabolic pathways actively functioning in the gut microbiome was also achieved. CONCLUSIONS The analytical pipeline presented here may be successfully used for the in-depth and time-effective characterization of complex microbial communities, such as the gut microbiome, and represents a useful tool for the microbiome research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tanca
- />Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Antonio Palomba
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pisanu
- />Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Massimo Deligios
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristina Fraumene
- />Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Valeria Manghina
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- />Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- />Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- />Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio 07041 Alghero, Italy
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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49
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The removal of Triton X-100 by dialysis is feasible! Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1107-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Doucette AA, Vieira DB, Orton DJ, Wall MJ. Resolubilization of precipitated intact membrane proteins with cold formic acid for analysis by mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:6001-12. [PMID: 25384094 DOI: 10.1021/pr500864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein precipitation in organic solvent is an effective strategy to deplete sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ahead of MS analysis. Here we evaluate the recovery of membrane and water-soluble proteins through precipitation with chloroform/methanol/water or with acetone (80%). With each solvent system, membrane protein recovery was greater than 90%, which was generally higher than that of cytosolic proteins. With few exceptions, residual supernatant proteins detected by MS were also detected in the precipitation pellet, having higher MS signal intensity in the pellet fraction. Following precipitation, we present a novel strategy for the quantitative resolubilization of proteins in an MS-compatible solvent system. The pellet is incubated at -20 °C in 80% formic acid/water and then diluted 10-fold with water. Membrane protein recovery matches that of sonication of the pellet in 1% SDS. The resolubilized proteins are stable at room temperature, with no observed formylation as is typical of proteins suspended in formic acid at room temperature. The protocol is applied to the molecular weight determination of membrane proteins from a GELFrEE-fractionated sample of Escherichia coli proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Doucette
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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