1
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Stepanov YK, Herrmann C, Stöckl JB, Köhn FM, Pickl U, Trottmann M, Fröhlich T, Mayerhofer A, Welter H. Prolonged exposure to dexamethasone alters the proteome and cellular phenotype of human testicular peritubular cells. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300616. [PMID: 38419139 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) are smooth muscle cells, which in the testis form a small compartment surrounding the seminiferous tubules. Contractions of HTPCs are responsible for sperm transport, HTPCs contribute to spermatogenesis, have immunological roles and are a site of glucocorticoid receptor expression. Importantly, HTPCs maintain their characteristics in vitro, and thus can serve as an experimental window into the male gonad. Previously we reported consequences of 3-day treatment with Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid and multi-purpose anti-inflammatory drug. However, as glucocorticoid therapies in man often last longer, we now studied consequences of a prolonged 7-day exposure to 1 µM Dex. Combining live cell imaging with quantative proteomics of samples taken from men, we confirmed our recent findings but more importantly, found numerous novel proteomic alterations induced by prolonged Dex treatment. The comparison of the 7-day treatment with the 3-day treatment dataset revealed that extracellular matrix- and focal adhesion-related proteins become more prominent after 7 days of treatment. In contrast, extended stimulation is, for example, associated with a decrease of proteins related to cholesterol and steroid metabolism. Our dataset, which describes phenotypic and proteomic alterations, is a valuable resource for further research projects investigating effects of Dex on human testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli K Stepanov
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, AG Mayerhofer, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan B Stöckl
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, AG Mayerhofer, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Harald Welter
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, AG Mayerhofer, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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2
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Piechka A, Sparanese S, Witherspoon L, Hach F, Flannigan R. Molecular mechanisms of cellular dysfunction in testes from men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:67-90. [PMID: 38110528 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Male factor infertility affects 50% of infertile couples worldwide; the most severe form, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), affects 10-15% of infertile males. Treatment for individuals with NOA is limited to microsurgical sperm extraction paired with in vitro fertilization intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Unfortunately, spermatozoa are only retrieved in ~50% of patients, resulting in live birth rates of 21-46%. Regenerative therapies could provide a solution; however, understanding the cell-type-specific mechanisms of cellular dysfunction is a fundamental necessity to develop precision medicine strategies that could overcome these abnormalities and promote regeneration of spermatogenesis. A number of mechanisms of cellular dysfunction have been elucidated in NOA testicular cells. These mechanisms include abnormalities in both somatic cells and germ cells in NOA testes, such as somatic cell immaturity, aberrant growth factor signalling, increased inflammation, increased apoptosis and abnormal extracellular matrix regulation. Future cell-type-specific investigations in identifying modulators of cellular transcription and translation will be key to understanding upstream dysregulation, and these studies will require development of in vitro models to functionally interrogate spermatogenic niche dysfunction in both somatic and germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Piechka
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sydney Sparanese
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke Witherspoon
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faraz Hach
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Flannigan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Aden NL, Bleeke M, Kordes UR, Brunne B, Holstermann B, Biemann R, Ceglarek U, Soave A, Salzbrunn A, Schneider SW, von Kopylow K. Germ Cell Maintenance and Sustained Testosterone and Precursor Hormone Production in Human Prepubertal Testis Organ Culture with Tissues from Boys 7 Years+ under Conditions from Adult Testicular Tissue. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030415. [PMID: 36766757 PMCID: PMC9913959 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human prepubertal testicular tissues are rare, but organ culture conditions to develop a system for human in vitro-spermatogenesis are an essential option for fertility preservation in prepubertal boys subjected to gonadotoxic therapy. To avoid animal testing in line with the 3Rs principle, organ culture conditions initially tested on human adult testis tissue were applied to prepubertal samples (n = 3; patient ages 7, 9, and 12 years). Tissues were investigated by immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the collected culture medium was profiled for steroid hormones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Culture conditions proved suitable for prepubertal organ culture since SSCs and germ cell proliferation could be maintained until the end of the 3-week-culture. Leydig cells (LCs) were shown to be competent for steroid hormone production. Three additional testis tissues from boys of the same age were examined for the number of germ cells and undifferentiated spermatogonia (SPG). Using TEM micrographs, eight tissues from patients aged 1.5 to 13 years were examined, with respect to the sizes of mitochondria (MT) in undifferentiated SPG and compared with those from two adult testicular tissues. Mitochondrial sizes were shown to be comparable between adults and prepubertal boys from approximately 7 years of age, which suggests the transition of SSCs from normoxic to hypoxic metabolism at about or before this time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neels Lennart Aden
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bleeke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe R. Kordes
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Brunne
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Holstermann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Soave
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Salzbrunn
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Schneider
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrein von Kopylow
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Liebich A, Schmid N, Koupourtidou C, Herrmann C, Dietrich KG, Welter H, Ninkovic J, Mayerhofer A. The Molecular Signature of Human Testicular Peritubular Cells Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223685. [PMID: 36429113 PMCID: PMC9688777 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritubular cells of the human testis form a small compartment surrounding the seminiferous tubules. They are crucial for sperm transport, and they emerge as contributors to the spermatogonial stem cell niche. They are among the least known cell types of the human body. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing of cultured human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), which had been isolated from testicular samples of donors with normal spermatogenesis. The significant overlap between our results and recently published ex vivo data indicates that HTPCs are a highly adequate cellular model to define and study these cells. Thus, based on the expression of several markers, HTPCs can be classified as testicular smooth muscle cells. Small differences between the in vivo/in vitro expressed genes may be due to cellular plasticity. Plasticity was also shown upon addition of FCS to the culture medium. Based on transcriptome similarities, four cellular states were identified. Further analyses confirmed the presence of known stem cell niche-relevant factors (e.g., GDNF) and identified unknown functions, e.g., the ability to produce retinoic acid. Therefore, HTPCs allow us to define the signature(s) and delineate the functions of human testicular peritubular cells. The data may also serve as a resource for future studies to better understand male (in)fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Liebich
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nina Schmid
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christina Koupourtidou
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Stem Cell Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kim-Gwendolyn Dietrich
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Harald Welter
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Stem Cell Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-75859
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5
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Stepanov YK, Speidel JD, Herrmann C, Schmid N, Behr R, Köhn FM, Stöckl JB, Pickl U, Trottmann M, Fröhlich T, Mayerhofer A, Welter H. Profound Effects of Dexamethasone on the Immunological State, Synthesis and Secretion Capacity of Human Testicular Peritubular Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193164. [PMID: 36231125 PMCID: PMC9562650 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), forming a small compartment located between the seminiferous epithelium and the interstitial areas of the testis, are not fully known but go beyond intratesticular sperm transport and include immunological roles. The expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) indicates that they may be regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs). Herein, we studied the consequences of the GC dexamethasone (Dex) in cultured HTPCs, which serves as a unique window into the human testis. We examined changes in cytokines, mainly by qPCR and ELISA. A holistic mass-spectrometry-based proteome analysis of cellular and secreted proteins was also performed. Dex, used in a therapeutic concentration, decreased the transcript level of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL6, IL8 and MCP1. An siRNA-mediated knockdown of GR reduced the actions on IL6. Changes in IL6 were confirmed by ELISA measurements. Of note, Dex also lowered GR levels. The proteomic results revealed strong responses after 24 h (31 significantly altered cellular proteins) and more pronounced ones after 72 h of Dex exposure (30 less abundant and 42 more abundant cellular proteins). Dex also altered the composition of the secretome (33 proteins decreased, 13 increased) after 72 h. Among the regulated proteins were extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane components (e.g., FBLN2, COL1A2 and COL3A1), as well as PTX3 and StAR. These results pinpoint novel, profound effects of Dex in HTPCs. If transferrable to the human testis, changes specifically in ECM and the immunological state of the testis may occur in men upon treatment with Dex for medical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Dominik Speidel
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nina Schmid
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Bernd Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.W.); Tel.: +49-89218075859 (A.M.); +49-89218071882 (H.W.)
| | - Harald Welter
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.W.); Tel.: +49-89218075859 (A.M.); +49-89218071882 (H.W.)
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6
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Riviere E, Rossi SP, Tavalieri YE, Muñoz de Toro MM, Calandra RS, Mayerhofer A, Matzkin ME, Frungieri MB. Pleiotropic actions of melatonin in testicular peritubular myoid cells of immature Syrian hamsters. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130187. [PMID: 35691458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritubular myoid cells are emerging as key regulators of testicular function in adulthood. However, little is known about the role of testicular peritubular myoid cells (TPMCs) in the development of the male gonad. We found that, compared to testes of young adult hamsters, gonads of 21 day-old animals show increased melatonin concentration, seminiferous tubular wall thickening and a heterogeneous packaging of its collagen fibers thus raising the question whether melatonin may be involved in the regulation of TPMCs. METHODS We established primary cultures of TPMCs from immature hamsters (ihaTPMCs), which we found express melatonergic receptors. RESULTS Exogeneous melatonin decreased the levels of inflammatory markers (NLRP3 inflammasome, IL1β) but increased the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2, key enzyme mediating prostaglandin synthesis) and of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in ihaTPMCs. Melatonin also stimulated ihaTPMCs proliferation and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen type I and IV. Furthermore, collagen gel contraction assays revealed an enhanced ability of ihaTPMCs to contract in the presence of melatonin. CONCLUSION Melatonin regulates immune and inflammatory functions as well as contractile phenotype of the peritubular wall in the hamster testis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE If transferable to the in vivo situation, melatonin-dependent induction of ihaTPMCs to produce factors known to exert paracrine effects in other somatic cell populations of the gonad suggests that the influence of melatonin may go beyond the peritubular wall and indicates its contribution to testicular development and the establishment of a normal and sustainable spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Riviere
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Soledad P Rossi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Yamil E Tavalieri
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Mónica M Muñoz de Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Ricardo S Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - María E Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Mónica B Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405CAE, Argentina.
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7
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Li X, Yao J, Hu J, Deng C, Xie Y, Wang Z. iTRAQ-based proteomics of testicular interstitial fluid during aging in mice. Theriogenology 2021; 175:44-53. [PMID: 34482126 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with a decline in fertility and testicular function in males. The testicular interstitial fluid (TIF) bathing the seminiferous tubules and testicular interstitium is considered an important part of the testicular microenvironment. However, the TIF proteome in mice and whether it changes with age remain unclear. This study aimed to map the TIF proteome and identify differentially abundant proteins (DEPs) among young, middle-aged, and old mice using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1477 proteins were identified in murine TIF. The abundance of 706 proteins showed a linear change trend with age, of which 360 and 346 proteins increased and decreased, respectively. In addition, 45 age-related DEPs were identified (P < 0.05, with at least 1.2-fold up- or downregulation). Bioinformatic analyses revealed that these proteins were involved in "actin cytoskeleton organization," "intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway," and "regulation of protein transport." Comparative analysis with relevant proteomes previously reported further revealed the characteristics of mouse TIF proteome. Moreover, two of the age-related DEPs (Fga and Qsox1) were also found to be age-related differentially expressed proteins in human blood plasma and senescence-related secretome of human peritubular myoid cells. Taken together, these findings may represent the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular function of TIF and testicular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - JiaHui Yao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiaying Hu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - ChunHua Deng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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8
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Stöckl JB, Schmid N, Flenkenthaler F, Drummer C, Behr R, Mayerhofer A, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T. Age-Related Alterations in the Testicular Proteome of a Non-Human Primate. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061306. [PMID: 34074003 PMCID: PMC8225046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of human testis and associated cellular changes is difficult to assess. Therefore, we used a translational, non-human primate model to get insights into underlying cellular and biochemical processes. Using proteomics and immunohistochemistry, we analyzed testicular tissue of young (age 2 to 3) and old (age 10 to 12) common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, we identified 63,124 peptides, which could be assigned to 5924 proteins. Among them, we found proteins specific for germ cells and somatic cells, such as Leydig and Sertoli cells. Quantitative analysis showed 31 differentially abundant proteins, of which 29 proteins were more abundant in older animals. An increased abundance of anti-proliferative proteins, among them CDKN2A, indicate reduced cell proliferation in old testes. Additionally, an increased abundance of several small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans and other extracellular matrix proteins was observed, which may be related to impaired cell migration and fibrotic events. Furthermore, an increased abundance of proteins with inhibitory roles in smooth muscle cell contraction like CNN1 indicates functional alterations in testicular peritubular cells and may mirror a reduced capacity of these cells to contract in old testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Nina Schmid
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III–Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, LMU München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.D.); (R.B.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.D.); (R.B.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III–Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, LMU München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Georg J. Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.J.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.J.A.); (T.F.)
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9
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Kurek M, Åkesson E, Yoshihara M, Oliver E, Cui Y, Becker M, Alves-Lopes JP, Bjarnason R, Romerius P, Sundin M, Norén Nyström U, Langenskiöld C, Vogt H, Henningsohn L, Petersen C, Söder O, Guo J, Mitchell RT, Jahnukainen K, Stukenborg JB. Spermatogonia Loss Correlates with LAMA 1 Expression in Human Prepubertal Testes Stored for Fertility Preservation. Cells 2021; 10:241. [PMID: 33513766 PMCID: PMC7911157 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fertility preservation for male childhood cancer survivors not yet capable of producing mature spermatozoa, relies on experimental approaches such as testicular explant culture. Although the first steps in somatic maturation can be observed in human testicular explant cultures, germ cell depletion is a common obstacle. Hence, understanding the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche environment and in particular, specific components such as the seminiferous basement membrane (BM) will allow progression of testicular explant cultures. Here, we revealed that the seminiferous BM is established from 6 weeks post conception with the expression of laminin alpha 1 (LAMA 1) and type IV collagen, which persist as key components throughout development. With prepubertal testicular explant culture we found that seminiferous LAMA 1 expression is disrupted and depleted with culture time correlating with germ cell loss. These findings highlight the importance of LAMA 1 for the human SSC niche and its sensitivity to culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurek
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden;
- The R & D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masahito Yoshihara
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Yanhua Cui
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Martin Becker
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Region Stockholm and Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden;
| | - João Pedro Alves-Lopes
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Children’s Medical Center, Landspítali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrik Romerius
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barn-och Ungdomssjukhuset Lund, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Pediatric Blood Disorders, Immunodeficiency and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Norén Nyström
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Cecilia Langenskiöld
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Hartmut Vogt
- Crown Princess Victoria’s Child and Youth Hospital, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Lars Henningsohn
- Division of Urology, Institution for Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Cecilia Petersen
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Olle Söder
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Rod T. Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
- Edinburgh Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
- Division of Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (E.O.); (Y.C.); (J.P.A.-L.); (C.P.); (O.S.); (K.J.)
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10
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Neto FTL, Flannigan R, Goldstein M. Regulation of Human Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:255-286. [PMID: 34453741 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human spermatogenesis (HS) is an intricate network of sequential processes responsible for the production of the male gamete, the spermatozoon. These processes take place in the seminiferous tubules (ST) of the testis, which are small tubular structures considered the functional units of the testes. Each human testicle contains approximately 600-1200 STs [1], and are capable of producing up to 275 million spermatozoa per day [2].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Flannigan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Welter H, Herrmann C, Fröhlich T, Flenkenthaler F, Eubler K, Schorle H, Nettersheim D, Mayerhofer A, Müller-Taubenberger A. Filamin A Orchestrates Cytoskeletal Structure, Cell Migration and Stem Cell Characteristics in Human Seminoma TCam-2 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E2563. [PMID: 33266100 PMCID: PMC7761120 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamins are large dimeric F-actin cross-linking proteins, crucial for the mechanosensitive properties of a number of cell types. Due to their interaction with a variety of different proteins, they exert important regulatory functions. However, in the human testis the role of filamins has been insufficiently explored. Immunohistochemical staining of human testis samples identified filamin A (FLNA) in spermatogonia and peritubular myoid cells. Investigation of different testicular tumor samples indicated that seminoma also express FLNA. Moreover, mass spectrometric analyses identified FLNA as one of the most abundant proteins in human seminoma TCam-2 cells. We therefore focused on FLNA in TCam-2 cells, and identified by co-immunoprecipitation LAD1, RUVBL1 and DAZAP1, in addition to several cytoskeletal proteins, as interactors of FLNA. To study the role of FLNA in TCam-2 cells, we generated FLNA-deficient cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Loss of FLNA causes an irregular arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and mechanical instability, impaired adhesive properties and disturbed migratory behavior. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of typical stem cell factors is increased in the absence of FLNA. In summary, our data suggest that FLNA is crucially involved in balancing stem cell characteristics and invasive properties in human seminoma cells and possibly human testicular germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Welter
- Anatomy III, Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany; (H.W.); (C.H.); (K.E.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Anatomy III, Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany; (H.W.); (C.H.); (K.E.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Katja Eubler
- Anatomy III, Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany; (H.W.); (C.H.); (K.E.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational UroOncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Anatomy III, Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany; (H.W.); (C.H.); (K.E.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Anatomy III, Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany; (H.W.); (C.H.); (K.E.); (A.M.-T.)
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12
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Stöckl JB, Schmid N, Flenkenthaler F, Drummer C, Behr R, Mayerhofer A, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T. Proteomic Insights into Senescence of Testicular Peritubular Cells from a Nonhuman Primate Model. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112498. [PMID: 33213088 PMCID: PMC7698562 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the human testis may include morphological alterations, disturbed steroidogenesis, and impaired spermatogenesis. However, the specific impact of cell age remains poorly understood and difficult to assess. Testicular peritubular cells fulfill essential functions, including sperm transport, contributions to the spermatogonial stem cell niche, and paracrine interactions within the testis. To study their role in age-associated decline of testicular functions, we performed comprehensive proteome and secretome analyses of repeatedly passaged peritubular cells from Callithrix jacchus. This nonhuman primate model better reflects the human testicular biology than rodents and further gives access to young donors unavailable from humans. Among 5095 identified proteins, 583 were differentially abundant between samples with low and high passage numbers. The alterations indicate a reduced ability of senescent peritubular cells to contract and secrete proteins, as well as disturbances in nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and a reduced capacity to handle reactive oxygen species. Since this in vitro model may not exactly mirror all molecular aspects of in vivo aging, we investigated the proteomes and secretomes of testicular peritubular cells from young and old donors. Even though the age-related alterations at the protein level were less pronounced, we found evidence for impaired protein secretion, altered NF-κB signaling, and reduced contractility of these in vivo aged peritubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Nina Schmid
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III—Cell Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.D.); (R.B.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.D.); (R.B.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III—Cell Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Georg J. Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.J.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.B.S.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.J.A.); (T.F.)
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13
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Palmitic Acid Targets Human Testicular Peritubular Cells and Causes a Pro-Inflammatory Response. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082655. [PMID: 32824411 PMCID: PMC7463762 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is a major fatty acid, derived from diet and endogenous production, which is being linked to inflammation. While such actions of PA at the level of the testis remain difficult to examine, we reasoned that studies in human testicular cells may be instructive. Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) can be isolated from men and cultured. They have contractile properties but also produce Interleukin 6 (IL6), express the inflammasome member NLRP3, and via glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), they contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche. We found that PA at 100 µM significantly increased the levels of IL6, while NLRP3 or the related Interleukin 1 beta (IL1beta) were not affected. The contractility marker calponin (CNN1) and the growth factor GDNF were likewise not affected. ELISA studies confirmed the stimulatory PA actions on IL6. Hence, PA derived from diet and/or endogenous sources may be able to foster a pro-inflammatory milieu in the testis. A possible link of these results to diet and high fat intake and obesity is indicated by the about 12-fold elevated testicular levels of IL6 in testes of obese rhesus monkeys (n = 3), fed with a Western Style diet. They had elevated 2–5-fold increased body fat and increased circulating triglyceride levels. Further consequences of PA and obesity for testicular functions remain to be evaluated.
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14
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Heinrich A, DeFalco T. Essential roles of interstitial cells in testicular development and function. Andrology 2020; 8:903-914. [PMID: 31444950 PMCID: PMC7036326 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular architecture and sperm production are supported by a complex network of communication between various cell types. These signals ensure fertility by: regulating spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells; promoting steroidogenesis; and driving male-specific differentiation of the gonad. Sertoli cells have long been assumed to be the major cellular player in testis organogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, cells in the interstitial compartment, such as Leydig, vascular, immune, and peritubular cells, also play prominent roles in the testis but are less well understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we aim to outline our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which interstitial cell types contribute to spermatogenesis and testicular development, and how these diverse constituents of the testis play essential roles in ensuring male sexual differentiation and fertility. METHODS We surveyed scientific literature and summarized findings in the field that address how interstitial cells interact with other interstitial cell populations and seminiferous tubules (i.e., Sertoli and germ cells) to support spermatogenesis, male-specific differentiation, and testicular function. These studies focused on 4 major cell types: Leydig cells, vascular cells, immune cells, and peritubular cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A growing number of studies have demonstrated that interstitial cells play a wide range of functions in the fetal and adult testis. Leydig cells, through secretion of hormones and growth factors, are responsible for steroidogenesis and progression of spermatogenesis. Vascular, immune, and peritubular cells, apart from their traditionally acknowledged physiological roles, have a broader importance than previously appreciated and are emerging as essential players in stem/progenitor cell biology. CONCLUSION Interstitial cells take part in complex signaling interactions with both interstitial and tubular cell populations, which are required for several biological processes, such as steroidogenesis, Sertoli cell function, spermatogenesis, and immune regulation. These various processes are essential for testicular function and demonstrate how interstitial cells are indispensable for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heinrich
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7045, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7045, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Suite E-870, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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15
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The Glucocorticoid Receptor NR3C1 in Testicular Peritubular Cells is Developmentally Regulated and Linked to the Smooth Muscle-Like Cellular Phenotype. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040961. [PMID: 32244354 PMCID: PMC7230580 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether glucocorticoids (GC) can directly affect human testicular functions is not well understood. A predominant site of GC receptor (GR; NR3C1) expression in the adult testis are peritubular smooth muscle-like cells, which express smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), contract and thereby are involved in sperm transport. In contrast to the adult, neither GR nor ACTA2, or elastin (ELN) were detected in the peritubular compartment before puberty in non-human primate testes. In isolated human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), activation of GR by dexamethasone (Dex) caused the translocation of GR to the nucleus and stimulated expression of ACTA2 and ELN, without affecting the expression of collagens. Cytoskeletal ACTA2-rearrangements were observed and were associated with an increased ability to contract. Our results indicate post-pubertal testicular roles of GC in the maintenance of the contractile, smooth muscle-like phenotype of peritubular cells.
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16
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Situ J, Wang W, Long F, Yang W, Yang C, Wei D, Yu W, Huang F. Hepatitis E viral infection causes testicular damage in mice. Virology 2019; 541:150-159. [PMID: 32056713 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main pathogen of hepatitis E infections with multiple extrahepatic replication sites. The presence of HEV RNA in the semen of infertile males suggests HEV replicates in the male genital tract. However, the mechanism is largely remained elusive. A BALB/c-based animal model was used to evaluate the effects of HEV infection on the testicular damage. HEV RNA was detected in feces, blood and livers from 7 to 28 days post-inoculation (dpi), while was positive in male genital tract from 7 to 70 dpi. Positive signals of HEV antigens were observed in testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles (SVs). Impaired sperm quality, destroyed the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and drastically decreased spermatogonia suggested that HEV infection causes testicular damage. Antiviral immune response was barely found in the testes. Results demonstrated that HEV replicates in male genital tract, causes testicular damage, and consequently results in flawed fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Situ
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Feiyan Long
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Daqiao Wei
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - Wenhai Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Fen Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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17
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Schmid N, Flenkenthaler F, Stöckl JB, Dietrich KG, Köhn FM, Schwarzer JU, Kunz L, Luckner M, Wanner G, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Mayerhofer A. Insights into replicative senescence of human testicular peritubular cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15052. [PMID: 31636313 PMCID: PMC6803627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for an age-related decline in male reproductive functions, yet how the human testis may age is not understood. Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) transport sperm, contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche and immune surveillance, and can be isolated and studied in vitro. Consequences of replicative senescence of HTPCs were evaluated to gain partial insights into human testicular aging. To this end, early and advanced HTPC passages, in which replicative senescence was indicated by increased cell size, altered nuclear morphology, enhanced β-galactosidase activity, telomere attrition and reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), were compared. These alterations are typical for senescent cells, in general. To examine HTPC-specific changes, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) tomography was employed, which revealed a reduced mitochondrial network and an increased lysosome population. The results coincide with the data of a parallel proteomic analysis and indicate deranged proteostasis. The mRNA levels of typical contractility markers and growth factors, important for the SSC niche, were not significantly altered. A secretome analysis identified, however, elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which may play a role in spermatogenesis. Testicular DPP4 may further represent a possible drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schmid
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III - Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Jan B Stöckl
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Kim-Gwendolyn Dietrich
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III - Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Kunz
- LMU München, Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- LMU München, Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- LMU München, Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III - Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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18
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Mayerhofer A. Peritubular cells of the human testis: prostaglandin E 2 and more. Andrology 2019; 8:898-902. [PMID: 31237067 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several layers of slender, smooth muscle-like, peritubular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) form the peritubular compartment of the human testis. Peritubular cells are the least explored testicular cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) can be isolated from small testicular fragments of patients and studied in vitro. We have used this cellular model, in combination with human testicular samples, to examine how peritubular cells may contribute to male (in)fertility. RESULTS Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) retain contractile abilities in vitro and secrete many proteins. Among them are factors, which serve intra-testicular roles, for example, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), thought to be important for the renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Studies in mutant mice indicated that peritubular cell-derived GDNF is crucial for lifelong spermatogenesis. Thus, peritubular cells are a functional part of the SSC niche. Peritubular cells of mice and men express androgen receptors (AR). In mouse peritubular cells, androgens enhanced GDNF production, but not in HTPCs. Rather, AR activation increased the levels of AR and smooth muscle proteins and thereby enhanced the smooth muscle-like phenotype. Following the lead of a proteomic analysis, which identified the key prostaglandin (PG)-synthesizing enzyme (PTGS1 = COX1), we found that HTPCs secrete PGE2 . COX1, and PGE2 receptors (EP1, 2, and 4) were identified in peritubular cells in situ, supporting in vivo relevance. In HTPCs, activation of EP1/4 increased GDNF and a smooth muscle protein. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which blocks PG synthesis. Added to HTPCs it reduced PGE2 and GDNF production and lowered smooth muscle protein levels. If applicable to the in vivo situation, the results suggest that ibuprofen and possibly other NSAIDs may impair important peritubular cell functions and consequently testicular functions. CONCLUSION The few examples highlighted, together with others not mentioned here, indicate that HTPCs provide an experimental window into the human testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology - Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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19
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Schmid N, Stöckl JB, Flenkenthaler F, Dietrich KG, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Drummer C, Fröhlich T, Arnold GJ, Behr R, Mayerhofer A. Characterization of a non-human primate model for the study of testicular peritubular cells-comparison with human testicular peritubular cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:401-410. [PMID: 29846669 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are monkey testicular peritubular cells (MKTPCs) from the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) a suitable translational model for the study of human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER MKTPCs can be isolated and propagated in vitro, retain characteristic markers for testicular peritubular cells and their proteome strongly (correlation coefficient of 0.78) overlaps with the proteome of HTPCs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Smooth-muscle-like peritubular cells form the wall of seminiferous tubules, transport sperm, are immunologically active, secrete a plethora of factors and may contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche. Mechanistic studies are hampered by heterogeneity of human samples. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We established a culture method for MKTPCs and characterized these cells from six young adult animals (2-3 years). To examine whether they qualify as a translational model we also examined HTPCs from seven men and compared the proteomes of both groups. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We used explant cultures to obtain MKTPCs, which express smooth muscle markers (calponin (CNN1), smooth muscle actin (ACTA2)), lack FSH-receptors (FSHR) and LH-receptors (LHCGR), but possess androgen receptors (AR). MKTPCs can be passaged at least up to eight times, without discernable phenotypic changes. Mass-spectrometry-based analyses of the MKTPC and HTPC proteomes were performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We established a method for isolation and cultivation of MKTPCs, and provide a comprehensive analysis of their protein repertoire. The results let us conclude that MKTPCs are suitable as a non-human primate model to study peritubular cell functions. LARGE SCALE DATA List of identified proteins in MKTPCs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is accessible at the ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD009394). LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION This is an in vitro cellular non-human primate model used to provide a window into the role of these cells in the human testis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Previous studies with HTPCs from patients revealed a degree of heterogeneity, possibly due to age, lifestyle and medical history of the individual human donors. We anticipate that the new translational model, derived from young healthy non-human primates, may allow us to circumvent these issues and may lead to a better understanding of the role of peritubular cells. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETION OF INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MA 1080/27-1; AR 362/9-1; BE 2296/8-1). The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schmid
- Cell Biology-Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J B Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, Fedor-Lynen-Strasse 25, Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, Fedor-Lynen-Strasse 25, Munich, Germany
| | - K-G Dietrich
- Cell Biology-Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J U Schwarzer
- Andrology Center, Lortzingstrasse 26, Munich, Germany
| | - F-M Köhn
- Andrologicum, Burgstrassse 7, Munich, Germany
| | - C Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, Fedor-Lynen-Strasse 25, Munich, Germany
| | - G J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, Fedor-Lynen-Strasse 25, Munich, Germany
| | - R Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology-Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, Martinsried, Germany
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20
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Mayerhofer A, Walenta L, Mayer C, Eubler K, Welter H. Human testicular peritubular cells, mast cells and testicular inflammation. Andrologia 2019; 50:e13055. [PMID: 30569646 DOI: 10.1111/and.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In man, the wall of seminiferous tubules forms a testicular compartment, which contains several layers of smooth muscle-like, "myoid", peritubular cells and extracellular matrix. Its architecture and its cellular composition change in male infertility associated with impaired spermatogenesis. Increased deposits of extracellular matrix, changes in the smooth muscle-like phenotype of peritubular cells and accumulation of immune cells, especially mast cells, are among the striking alterations. Taken together, the changes indicate that inflammatory events take place in particular within this compartment. This short review summarises recent studies, which pinpoint possible mechanisms of the interplay between peritubular cells and mast cells, which may contribute to sterile inflammation and impairments of testicular function. These insights are based mainly on cellular studies, for which we used isolated human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), and on the examination of human testicular sections. Recent data on immunological properties of peritubular cells, unexpected roles of the extracellular matrix factor, biglycan, which is secreted by peritubular cells and functions of mast cell products (chymase, tryptase and ATP) are presented. We believe that the results may foster a better understanding of peritubular cells, their roles in the human testis and specifically their involvement in infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mayerhofer
- Anatomy III - Cell Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lena Walenta
- Anatomy III - Cell Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christine Mayer
- Anatomy III - Cell Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katja Eubler
- Anatomy III - Cell Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Harald Welter
- Anatomy III - Cell Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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21
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Rossi SP, Walenta L, Rey-Ares V, Köhn FM, Schwarzer JU, Welter H, Calandra RS, Frungieri MB, Mayerhofer A. Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor-mediated inflammatory responses in human testicular peritubular cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:1-9. [PMID: 29407194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and is linked to impaired fertility in man. We hypothesized that catecholamines by acting on testicular cells have a role in these events, possibly by fostering an inflammatory environment. The cells of the wall of seminiferous tubules, human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), express adrenergic receptors (ADRs) α1B, α1D, β1 and β2. A selective α1-ADR agonist, phenylephrine, increased intracellular Ca2+-levels in cultured HTPCs and induced COX-2, IL-6 and MCP-1 mRNA expression without affecting IL-1β mRNA. These changes were paralleled by a significant increase in the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1. Epinephrine was also effective, but salbutamol, a selective β2-ADR agonist was not. Our results suggest that stress-associated elevation of catecholamines may be able to promote inflammatory events by targeting peritubular cells in the human testis. Blockage of α1-ADRs may therefore be a novel way to interfere with stress-related impairment of male reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Paola Rossi
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lena Walenta
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Verónica Rey-Ares
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | | | - Harald Welter
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Saúl Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Beatriz Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.
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22
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Eubler K, Herrmann C, Tiefenbacher A, Köhn FM, Schwarzer JU, Kunz L, Mayerhofer A. Ca 2+ Signaling and IL-8 Secretion in Human Testicular Peritubular Cells Involve the Cation Channel TRPV2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092829. [PMID: 30235802 PMCID: PMC6165404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritubular cells are part of the wall of seminiferous tubules in the human testis and their contractile abilities are important for sperm transport. In addition, they have immunological roles. A proteomic analysis of isolated human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) revealed expression of the transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2). This cation channel is linked to mechano-sensation and to immunological processes and inflammation in other organs. We verified expression of TRPV2 in peritubular cells in human sections by immunohistochemistry. It was also found in other testicular cells, including Sertoli cells and interstitial cells. In cultured HTPCs, application of cannabidiol (CBD), a known TRPV2 agonist, acutely induced a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. These Ca2+ transients could be blocked both by ruthenium red, an unspecific Ca2+ channel blocker, and tranilast (TRA), an antagonist of TRPV2, and were also abolished when extracellular Ca2+ was removed. Taken together this indicates functional TRPV2 channels in peritubular cells. When applied for 24 to 48 h, CBD induced expression of proinflammatory factors. In particular, mRNA and secreted protein levels of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) were elevated. Via its known roles as a major mediator of the inflammatory response and as an angiogenic factor, this chemokine may play a role in testicular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eubler
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Astrid Tiefenbacher
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | | | | | - Lars Kunz
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Rey-Ares V, Rossi SP, Dietrich KG, Köhn FM, Schwarzer JU, Welter H, Frungieri MB, Mayerhofer A. Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) is a testicular peritubular cell-derived factor involved in human testicular homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:217-224. [PMID: 29408603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In man, blockage of prostaglandin (PG)-production e.g. by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) may have negative testicular side effects, implying beneficial actions of PGs in the testis. We examined human testicular samples and isolated human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) to explore sites of PG-synthesis and targets. HTPCs express cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and secrete PGE2. Receptors (EP1, 2, 4) were specifically identified in peritubular cells. In HTPCs PGE2 significantly increased mRNA levels of the contractility protein calponin, but did not induce contractions. PGE2, as well as EP1 and EP4 receptor agonists, significantly increased glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA and/or protein levels. Importantly, the NSAID ibuprofen reduced PGE2 and this action also lowered SMA and calponin mRNA levels and levels of secreted GDNF protein. The results reveal an unknown PGE2 system in the human testis, in involving peritubular cells, which may be prone to interference by NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Rey-Ares
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.
| | - Soledad Paola Rossi
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Kim-Gwendolyn Dietrich
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Harald Welter
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.
| | - Mónica Beatriz Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.
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24
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Walenta L, Schmid N, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Urbanski HF, Behr R, Strauss L, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. NLRP3 in somatic non-immune cells of rodent and primate testes. Reproduction 2018; 156:231-238. [PMID: 29907661 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 is part of the NLRP3 inflammasome and a global sensor of cellular damage. It was recently discovered in rodent Sertoli cells. We investigated NLRP3 in mouse, human and non-human primate (marmoset and rhesus macaque) testes, employing immunohistochemistry. Sertoli cells of all species expressed NLRP3, and the expression preceded puberty. In addition, peritubular cells of the adult human testes expressed NLRP3. NLRP3 and associated genes (PYCARD, CASP1, IL1B) were also found in isolated human testicular peritubular cells and the mouse Sertoli cell line TM4. Male infertility due to impairments of spermatogenesis may be related to sterile inflammatory events. We observed that the expression of NLRP3 was altered in the testes of patients suffering from mixed atrophy syndrome, in which tubules with impairments of spermatogenesis showed prominent NLRP3 staining. In order to explore a possible role of NLRP3 in male infertility, associated with sterile testicular inflammation, we studied a mouse model of male infertility. These human aromatase-expressing transgenic mice (AROM+) develop testicular inflammation and impaired spermatogenesis during aging, and the present data show that this is associated with strikingly elevated Nlrp3 expression in the testes compared to WT controls. Interference by aromatase inhibitor treatment significantly reduced increased Nlrp3 levels. Thus, throughout species NLRP3 is expressed by somatic cells of the testis, which are involved in testicular immune surveillance. We conclude that NLRP3 may be a novel player in testicular immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Walenta
- Cell Biology - Anatomy IIIBiomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nina Schmid
- Cell Biology - Anatomy IIIBiomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative DiseasesGerman Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leena Strauss
- Institute of BiomedicineResearch Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of BiomedicineResearch Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology - Anatomy IIIBiomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Mayer C, Adam M, Walenta L, Schmid N, Heikelä H, Schubert K, Flenkenthaler F, Dietrich KG, Gruschka S, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Strauss L, Welter H, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. Insights into the role of androgen receptor in human testicular peritubular cells. Andrology 2018; 6:756-765. [PMID: 29869453 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Contractile smooth muscle-like peritubular cells build the wall of seminiferous tubules in men. They are crucial for sperm transport and complement the functions of Sertoli cells by secreting factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Previous studies revealed that they also secrete the chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which has known roles in spermatogenesis. Peritubular cells express the androgen receptor (AR), which is retained in isolated human testicular peritubular cells. We aimed to explore AR-regulated functions in human testicular peritubular cells. Bearing in mind that infertile men often have high aromatase activity, which may lower intratesticular androgen concentrations, an animal model for male infertility was studied. These mice display an age-dependent loss in spermatogenesis due to high aromatase activity. Human testicular peritubular cells were exposed to dihydrotestosterone or the antiandrogen flutamide. We studied AR, smooth muscle cell markers, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and 15 secreted factors previously identified, including CXCL12. We used qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA or selected reaction monitoring (SRM). In the animal model for male infertility, we employed qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Dihydrotestosterone increased AR and flutamide prevented these actions. The smooth muscle cell markers calponin and smooth muscle actin were likewise increased, while cell size or cellular proliferation was not changed. Dihydrotestosterone did not increase glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor or CXCL12 secretion but increased levels of serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) E1. The animal model for male infertility with high aromatase activity showed reduced numbers of AR-immunoreactive testicular peritubular cells, suggesting that altered androgen and/or oestrogen levels could influence AR-mediated responses in peritubular cells. Androgens act on human testicular peritubular cells to enhance AR levels, their contractile phenotype and to modulate the secretion of some secreted factors. This study suggests that some aspects of human peritubular cell functions are regulated by androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Adam
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Walenta
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - N Schmid
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - H Heikelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Schubert
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - K-G Dietrich
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - S Gruschka
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - G J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H Welter
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Twa DD, Mottok A, Savage KJ, Steidl C. The pathobiology of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Implications for novel therapies. Blood Rev 2018; 32:249-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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ATP-mediated Events in Peritubular Cells Contribute to Sterile Testicular Inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1431. [PMID: 29362497 PMCID: PMC5780482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritubular myoid cells, which form the walls of seminiferous tubules in the testis, are functionally unexplored. While they transport sperm and contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche, specifically their emerging role in the immune surveillance of the testis and in male infertility remains to be studied. Recently, cytokine production and activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were uncovered in cultured peritubular cells. We now show that human peritubular cells express purinergic receptors P2RX4 and P2RX7, which are functionally linked to TLRs, with P2RX4 being the prevalent ATP-gated ion channel. Subsequent ATP treatment of cultured peritubular cells resulted in up-regulated (pro-)inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion, while characteristic peritubular proteins, that is smooth muscle cell markers and extracellular matrix molecules, decreased. These findings indicate that extracellular ATP may act as danger molecule on peritubular cells, able to promote inflammatory responses in the testicular environment.
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Nordkap L, Almstrup K, Nielsen JE, Bang AK, Priskorn L, Krause M, Holmboe SA, Winge SB, Egeberg Palme DL, Mørup N, Petersen JH, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jørgensen N. Possible involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and selected NR3C1
gene variants in regulation of human testicular function. Andrology 2017; 5:1105-1114. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Nordkap
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - K. Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - J. E. Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - A. K. Bang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - L. Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - M. Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - S. A. Holmboe
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - S. B. Winge
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - D. L. Egeberg Palme
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - N. Mørup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - J. H. Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - N. E. Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - E. Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - N. Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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29
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Nynca J, Arnold G, Fröhlich T, Ciereszko A. Proteomic identification of rainbow trout blood plasma proteins and their relationship to seminal plasma proteins. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - Georg Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
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30
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Fujimoto K, Kinoshita M, Tanaka H, Okuzaki D, Shimada Y, Kayama H, Okumura R, Furuta Y, Narazaki M, Tamura A, Hatakeyama S, Ikawa M, Tsuchiya K, Watanabe M, Kumanogoh A, Tsukita S, Takeda K. Regulation of intestinal homeostasis by the ulcerative colitis-associated gene RNF186. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:446-459. [PMID: 27381925 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and subsequent deep sequencing analysis have identified susceptible loci for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including ulcerative colitis (UC). A gene encoding RING finger protein 186 (RNF186) is located within UC-susceptible loci. However, it is unclear whether RNF186 is involved in IBD pathogenesis. Here, we show that RNF186 controls protein homeostasis in colonic epithelia and regulates intestinal inflammation. RNF186, which was highly expressed in colonic epithelia, acted as an E3 ligase mediating polyubiquitination of its substrates. Permeability of small organic molecules was augmented in the intestine of Rnf186-/- mice. Increased expression of several RNF186 substrates, such as occludin, was found in Rnf186-/- colonic epithelia. The disturbed protein homeostasis in Rnf186-/- mice correlated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in colonic epithelia and increased sensitivity to intestinal inflammation after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Introduction of an UC-associated Rnf186 mutation led to impaired E3 ligase activity and increased sensitivity to DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Thus, RNF186 maintains gut homeostasis by controlling ER stress in colonic epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-Chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimada
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Zika Virus Causes Testis Damage and Leads to Male Infertility in Mice. Cell 2016; 167:1511-1524.e10. [PMID: 27884405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) persists in the semen of male patients, a first for flavivirus infection. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV can induce inflammation in the testis and epididymidis, but not in the prostate or seminal vesicle, and can lead to damaged testes after 60 days post-infection in mice. ZIKV induces innate immune responses in Leydig, Sertoli, and epididymal epithelial cells, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. However, ZIKV does not induce a rapid and abundant cytokine production in peritubular cell and spermatogonia, suggesting that these cells are vulnerable for ZIKV infection and could be the potential repositories for ZIKV. Our study demonstrates a correlation between ZIKV and testis infection/damage and suggests that ZIKV infection, under certain circumstances, can eventually lead to male infertility.
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32
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Mayer C, Adam M, Glashauser L, Dietrich K, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Strauss L, Welter H, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. Sterile inflammation as a factor in human male infertility: Involvement of Toll like receptor 2, biglycan and peritubular cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37128. [PMID: 27849015 PMCID: PMC5111051 DOI: 10.1038/srep37128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the wall of seminiferous tubules in men with impaired spermatogenesis imply sterile inflammation of the testis. We tested the hypothesis that the cells forming the wall of seminiferous tubules, human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), orchestrate inflammatory events and that Toll like receptors (TLRs) and danger signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of this wall are involved. In cultured HTPCs we detected TLRs, including TLR2. A TLR-2 ligand (PAM) augmented interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in HTPCs. The ECM-derived proteoglycan biglycan (BGN) is secreted by HTPCs and may be a TLR2-ligand at HTPCs. In support, recombinant human BGN increased PTX3, MCP-1 and IL-6 in HTPCs. Variable endogenous BGN levels in HTPCs derived from different men and differences in BGN levels in the tubular wall in infertile men were observed. In testes of a systemic mouse model for male infertility, testicular sterile inflammation and elevated estradiol (E2) levels, BGN was also elevated. Hence we studied the role of E2 in HTPCs and observed that E2 elevated the levels of BGN. The anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 blocked this action. We conclude that TLR2 and BGN contribute to sterile inflammation and infertility in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - M Adam
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FL-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - L Glashauser
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - K Dietrich
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - F-M Köhn
- Andrologicum, D-80331 Munich, Germany
| | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FL-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - H Welter
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FL-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), D-82152 Planegg, Germany
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33
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Stanton PG, Foo CFH, Rainczuk A, Stephens AN, Condina M, O'Donnell L, Weidner W, Ishikawa T, Cruickshanks L, Smith LB, McLachlan RI. Mapping the testicular interstitial fluid proteome from normal rats. Proteomics 2016; 16:2391-402. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Stanton
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Caroline F. H. Foo
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth Healthcare; Richmond Victoria Australia
| | | | - Liza O'Donnell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology; Paediatric Urology and Andrology; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | | | - Lyndsey Cruickshanks
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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34
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Moreno-Ruiz P, Arluzea J, Silván U, Díez-Torre A, Andrade R, Bonilla Z, Díaz-Núñez M, Silió M, Aréchaga J. Testis peritubular myoid cells increase their motility and express matrix-metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) after interaction with embryonal carcinoma cells. Andrology 2015; 4:111-20. [PMID: 26711538 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Today cancer research studies have highlighted the role of the cancer-stroma interaction in the regulation of invasive processes. However, very little is known about cell-to-cell relationships between germinal cancer cells and the somatic ones belong to their close environment, particularly at early invasion stages. Here, we have studied the potential role of the seminiferous peritubular myoid cells (PTCs), as potential part of the reactive stroma, like tumor myofibroblast, in the progression of embryonal carcinoma (EC). To this end, we show results on the in vitro interactions between F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells) and primary cultures of murine PTCs, using contact-dependent and contact-independent 2D co-cultures. In these circumstances, when EC cells interact with PTCs they change their migratory behavior and matrix-metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was up-regulated in PTCs. Additionally, among a variety of cytokines implicated in tumor-stroma cross-talk, we have examined in more detail the influence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In this regard, it was observed that this cytokine induced a MMP-9 secretion by PTCs in a pattern dependent on its concentration, whereas does not increase the migration capacity of cancer cells. All together, our results provide evidence for a role played by peritubular myoid cells and cancer-cell secreted TNF- α for a change in the tumor microenvironment during the early stages of EC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moreno-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J Arluzea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.,Analytical & High Resolution Biomedical Microscopy Core Facility, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - U Silván
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomechanics, Zürich, Switzerland.,Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Díez-Torre
- Analytical & High Resolution Biomedical Microscopy Core Facility, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - R Andrade
- Analytical & High Resolution Biomedical Microscopy Core Facility, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Z Bonilla
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - M Díaz-Núñez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - M Silió
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J Aréchaga
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.,Analytical & High Resolution Biomedical Microscopy Core Facility, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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35
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein tenascin C (TNC) is a large glycoprotein expressed in connective tissues and stem cell niches. TNC over-expression is repeatedly observed in cancer, often at the invasive tumor front, and is associated with poor clinical outcome in several malignancies. The link between TNC expression and poor survival in cancer patients suggests a role for TNC in metastatic progression, which is responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths. Indeed, functional studies using mouse models are revealing new roles of TNC in cancer progression and underscore its important contribution to the development of metastasis. TNC has a pleiotropic role in advancing metastasis by promoting migratory and invasive cell behavior, angiogenesis and cancer cell viability under stress. TNC is an essential component of the metastatic niche and modulates stem cell signaling within the niche. This may be crucial for the fitness of disseminated cancer cells confronted with a foreign environment in secondary organs, that can exert a strong selective pressure on invading cells. TNC is a compelling example of how an extracellular matrix protein can provide a molecular context that is imperative to cancer cell fitness in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Lowy
- a Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH) ; Heidelberg , Germany
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36
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Windschüttl S, Kampfer C, Mayer C, Flenkenthaler F, Fröhlich T, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Urbanski H, Arnold GJ, Mayerhofer A. Human testicular peritubular cells secrete pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which may be responsible for the avascularity of the seminiferous tubules. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12820. [PMID: 26333415 PMCID: PMC4986702 DOI: 10.1038/srep12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Male fertility depends on spermatogenesis, which takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This compartment is devoid of blood vessels, which are however found in the wall of the seminiferous tubules. Our proteomic study using cultured human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) i.e. the cells, which form this wall, revealed that they constitutively secrete pigment epithelium-derived factor, PEDF, which is known to exert anti-angiogenic actions. Immunohistochemistry supports its presence in vivo, in the human tubular wall. Co-culture studies and analysis of cell migration patterns showed that human endothelial cells (HUVECs) are repulsed by HTPCs. The factor involved is likely PEDF, as a PEDF-antiserum blocked the repulsing action. Thus testicular peritubular cells, via PEDF, may prevent vascularization of human seminiferous tubules. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased PEDF (qPCR) in HTPCs, however PEDF expression in the testis of a non-human primate occurs before puberty. Thus PEDF could be involved in the establishment of the avascular nature of seminiferous tubules and after puberty androgens may further reinforce this feature. Testicular microvessels and blood flow are known to contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche. Hence HTPCs via control of testicular microvessels may contribute to the regulation of spermatogonial stem cells, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Windschüttl
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C Kampfer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C Mayer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - J U Schwarzer
- Andrologie-Centrum-München, Lortzingstraße 26, 81241, Munich, Germany
| | - F M Köhn
- Andrologicum Burgstraße 7, 80331, Münich, Germany
| | - H Urbanski
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - G J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, LMU, Munich, Germany
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37
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Dietrich MA, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Otte KA, Dietrich GJ, Ciereszko A. Proteomic analysis of extracellular medium of cryopreserved carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) semen. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 15:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:268.e17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Nynca J, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Ciereszko A. Cryopreservation-induced alterations in protein composition of rainbow trout semen. Proteomics 2015; 15:2643-54. [PMID: 25780999 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect cryopreservation-induced alterations in the protein composition of rainbow trout semen using two independent methods 1DE SDS-PAGE prefractionation combined with LC-MS/MS and 2D difference gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. Here, we show the first comprehensive dataset of changes in rainbow trout semen proteome after cryopreservation, with a total of 73 identified proteins released from sperm to extracellular fluid, including mitochondrial, cytoskeletal, nuclear, and cytosolic proteins. Our study provides new information about proteins released from sperm, their relation to sperm structure and function, and changes of metabolism of sperm cells as a result of cryopreservation. The identified proteins represent potential markers of cryoinjures of sperm structures and markers of the disturbances of particular sperm metabolic pathways. Further studies will allow to decipher the precise function of the proteins altered during rainbow trout cryopreservation and are useful for the development of extensive diagnostic tests of sperm cryoinjures and for the successful improvement of sperm cryopreservation of this economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima, Olsztyn, Poland
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40
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Winge SB, Nielsen J, Jørgensen A, Owczarek S, Ewen KA, Nielsen JE, Juul A, Berezin V, Rajpert-De Meyts E. Biglycan is a novel binding partner of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3c (FGFR3c) in the human testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:235-43. [PMID: 25260943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of spermatogonial maintenance in the human testis is currently not well understood. One pathway suggested to be involved is activated by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), which is expressed in a subset of spermatogonia. FGFR3-activating mutations have been identified in spermatocytic seminoma, thought to originate from clonal expansion of spermatogonia. In this study we aimed to characterize potential binding partners of FGFR3, and specifically its mesenchymal "c" splice isoform, in human spermatogonia. Based on expression patterns and homology to the binding site, we identified FGF1, FGF2, and FGF9 as the best candidates for natural ligands of FGFR3c in the testis. In addition, we screened non-FGF proteins and found that a proteoglycan biglycan (BGN) contains a sequence homologous to the FGFR3c binding site on FGF1, and is expressed in peritubular cells adjacent to FGFR3-expressing spermatogonia. Experiments in a cell-free system confirmed that BGN binds to FGFR3c and FGF1. In conclusion, our findings further clarify the complex regulation of FGFR3c in the human testis. We postulate that BGN is a factor secreted by peritubular cells to modulate FGFR3c signaling and thus contributes to the regulation of spermatogonial maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Winge
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - J Nielsen
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - A Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - S Owczarek
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - K A Ewen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - J E Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - A Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - V Berezin
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - E Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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41
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Chalmel F, Com E, Lavigne R, Hernio N, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Dacheux JL, Pineau C. An integrative omics strategy to assess the germ cell secretome and to decipher sertoli-germ cell crosstalk in the Mammalian testis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104418. [PMID: 25111155 PMCID: PMC4128672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis, which takes place in complex testicular structures called seminiferous tubules, is a highly specialized process controlled by the integration of juxtacrine, paracrine and endocrine information. Within the seminiferous tubules, the germ cells and Sertoli cells are surrounded by testicular fluid (TF), which probably contains most of the secreted proteins involved in crosstalk between these cells. It has already been established that germ cells can modulate somatic Sertoli cell function through the secretion of diffusible factors. We studied the germ cell secretome, which was previously considered inaccessible, by analyzing the TF collected by microsurgery in an “integrative omics” strategy combining proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics and interactomics data. This approach identified a set of proteins preferentially secreted by Sertoli cells or germ cells. An interaction network analysis revealed complex, interlaced cell-cell dialog between the secretome and membranome of seminiferous cells, mediated via the TF. We then focused on germ cell-secreted candidate proteins, and we identified several potential interacting partners located on the surface of Sertoli cells. Two interactions, APOH/CDC42 and APP/NGFR, were validated in situ, in a proximity ligation assay (PLA). Our results provide new insight into the crosstalk between germ cells and Sertoli cells occurring during spermatogenesis. Our findings also demonstrate that this “integrative omics” strategy is powerful enough for data mining and highlighting meaningful cell-cell communication events between different types of cells in a complex tissue, via a biological fluid. This integrative strategy could be applied more widely, to gain access to secretomes that have proved difficult to study whilst avoiding the limitations of in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chalmel
- IRSET, Inserm U1085, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CP); (FC)
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Proteomics Core Facility Biogenouest, Inserm U1085 IRSET, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Régis Lavigne
- Proteomics Core Facility Biogenouest, Inserm U1085 IRSET, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Nolwen Hernio
- Proteomics Core Facility Biogenouest, Inserm U1085 IRSET, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Ana-Paula Teixeira-Gomes
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
- INRA Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules (PAIB), Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Charles Pineau
- Proteomics Core Facility Biogenouest, Inserm U1085 IRSET, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CP); (FC)
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Sandner F, Welter H, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Urbanski HF, Mayerhofer A. Expression of the oestrogen receptor GPER by testicular peritubular cells is linked to sexual maturation and male fertility. Andrology 2014; 2:695-701. [PMID: 25052196 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Besides the two nuclear oestrogen receptors (ESR1/ESR2), the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) was described in the human testis but little is known about testicular GPER during development or male infertility. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis using human and rhesus monkey testicular samples. The results obtained in adult primate testes showed GPER in interstitial and vascular cells as well as in smooth muscle-like peritubular cells, which build the wall of seminiferous tubules. Expression of GPER was also found in cultured human testicular peritubular cells (HPTCs) by Western blotting and RT-PCR/sequencing. Furthermore, as seen in time-lapse videos of cultured cells, addition of a specific GPER agonist (G1) significantly reduced the numbers of HTPCs within 24 h. A GPER antagonist (G15) prevented this action, implying a role for GPER related to the control of cell proliferation or cell death of peritubular cells. Peritubular cell functions and their phenotype change, for example, during post-natal development and in the cases of male infertility. The study of non-human primate samples revealed that GPER in peritubular cells was detectable only from the time of puberty onwards, while in samples from infantile and prepubertal monkeys only interstitial cells showed immunopositive staining. In testicular biopsies of men with mixed atrophy, a reduction or loss of immunoreactive GPER was found in peritubular cells surrounding those tubules, in which spermatogenesis was impaired. In other cases of impaired spermatogenesis, namely when the tubular wall was fibrotically remodelled, a complete loss of GPER was seen. Thus, the observed inverse relation between the state of fertility and GPER expression by peritubular cells implies that the regulation of primate testicular peritubular cells by oestrogens is mediated by GPER in both, health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sandner
- Anatomy III, Cell Biology, LMU München, München, Germany
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Landreh L, Spinnler K, Schubert K, Häkkinen MR, Auriola S, Poutanen M, Söder O, Svechnikov K, Mayerhofer A. Human testicular peritubular cells host putative stem Leydig cells with steroidogenic capacity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1227-35. [PMID: 24684461 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aim to examine the steroidogenic phenotype and the differentiation potential of human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) and to explore their possible relationship to the adult Leydig cell lineage. BACKGROUND The cells of the adult Leydig cell lineage may reside in the peritubular compartment of the testis. This suggestion is supported by the facts that the rodent peritubular cells can be differentiated toward this lineage and that cAMP enhances their steroidogenic potential. METHODS Human testicular biopsies, and derived HTPCs, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. After stimulation by forskolin or platelet-derived growth factor-BB, quantitative RT-PCR was used to compare the levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis and steroid production was analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the peritubular cells that form the outer part of the tubular wall express platelet derived growth factor receptor-α. Furthermore, the pluripotency markers (POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1, GATA-binding protein 4), stem Leydig cell markers (platelet derived growth factor receptor-A, leukemia inhibitory factor receptor), and mRNAs encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis (nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; CYP11A1; CYP17A1; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) were expressed by the HTPCs. Stimulation with forskolin increased the expression of the steroidogenic markers, which was accompanied by the production of pregnenolone and progesterone by HTPCs in vitro. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the tubular wall of the human testis is a reservoir for cells of the adult Leydig cell lineage and that the steroidogenic potential of these cells can be activated in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Landreh
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (L.L., O.S., K.Sv.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anatomy III-Cell Biology (K.Sp., K.Sc., A.M.), Ludwig Maximilian University, 80336 Munich, Germany; School of Pharmacy (M.R.H., S.A.), University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (M.P.), Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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