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Cela I, Caponio VCA, Capone E, Pinti M, Mascitti M, Togni L, Lo Muzio L, Rubini C, De Laurenzi V, Lattanzio R, Perrotti V, Sala G. LGALS3BP is a potential target of antibody-drug conjugates in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2039-2050. [PMID: 37649401 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of intracellular and vesicular LGALS3BP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and available cell lines to explore its potential as a target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. METHODS Free and vesicular LGALS3BP expression levels were evaluated in cancer tissues from a cohort of OSCC patients as well as in a panel of OSCC cell lines through immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, Western Blot analysis, and ELISA. RESULTS LGALS3BP resulted in being highly expressed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in OSCC patient tissues. A strong correlation was found between high LGALS3BP expression levels and aggressive histological features of OSCC. Biochemistry analysis performed on OSCC cell lines showed that LGALS3BP is expressed in all the tested cell lines and highly enriched in cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Moreover, LGALS3BP high-expressing HOC621 and CAL27 OSCC cell lines showed high sensitivity to the ADC-payload DM4, with an IC50 around 0.3 nM. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights that LGALS3BP is highly expressed in OSCC suggesting a role as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ADC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Pinti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Precancerous and Cancerous Oral Lesions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040060. [PMID: 36005828 PMCID: PMC9414906 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for 2% of all cases annually and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. To date, tissue biopsy and histopathological analyses are the gold standard methods for the diagnosis of oral cancers. However, oral cancer is generally diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor 5-year survival (~50%) due to limited screening programs and inefficient physical examination strategies. To address these limitations, liquid biopsy is recently emerging as a novel minimally invasive tool for the early identification of tumors as well as for the evaluation of tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of patients. Several studies have demonstrated that liquid biopsy in oral cancer could be useful for the detection of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and exosomes, thus improving diagnostic strategies and paving the way to personalized medicine. However, the application of liquid biopsy in oral cancer is still limited and further studies are needed to better clarify its clinical impact. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the potential use of liquid biopsy as an additional tool for the management of oral lesions by describing the available methodologies and the most promising biomarkers.
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Peng KY, Jiang SS, Lee YW, Tsai FY, Chang CC, Chen LT, Yen BL. Stromal Galectin-1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cancer-Initiating Cell Features and Disease Dissemination Through SOX9 and β-Catenin: Development of Niche-Based Biomarkers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:716055. [PMID: 34568045 PMCID: PMC8462299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.716055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, making the development of biomarkers difficult based on this critical oncogenic pathway. Recent studies demonstrate that CRC tumor niche-stromal cells can activate β-catenin in cancer-initiating cells (CICs), leading to disease progression. We therefore sought to elucidate the molecular interactions between stromal and CRC cells for the development of prognostically relevant biomarkers. Assessment of CIC induction and β-catenin activation in CRC cells with two human fibroblast cell-conditioned medium (CM) was performed with subsequent mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to identify the potential paracrine factors. In vitro assessment with the identified factor and in vivo validation using two mouse models of disease dissemination and metastasis was performed. Prediction of additional molecular players with Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed, with subsequent in vitro and translational validation using human CRC tissue microarray and multiple transcriptome databases for analysis. We found that fibroblast-CM significantly enhanced multiple CIC properties including sphere formation, β-catenin activation, and drug resistance in CRC cells. MS identified galectin-1 (Gal-1) to be the secreted factor and Gal-1 alone was sufficient to induce multiple CIC properties in vitro and disease progression in both mouse models. IPA predicted SOX9 to be involved in the Gal-1/β-catenin interactions, which was validated in vitro, with Gal-1 and/or SOX9—particularly Gal-1high/SOX9high samples—significantly correlating with multiple aspects of clinical disease progression. Stromal-secreted Gal-1 promotes CIC-features and disease dissemination in CRC through SOX9 and β-catenin, with Gal-1 and SOX9 having a strong clinical prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yen Peng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
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Capone E, Iacobelli S, Sala G. Role of galectin 3 binding protein in cancer progression: a potential novel therapeutic target. J Transl Med 2021; 19:405. [PMID: 34565385 PMCID: PMC8474792 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) is a secreted, hyperglycosylated protein expressed by the majority of human cells. It was first identified as cancer and metastasis associated protein, while its role in innate immune response upon viral infection remains still to be clarified. Since its discovery dated in early 90 s, a large body of literature has been accumulating highlighting both a prognostic and functional role for LGALS3BP in cancer. Moreover, data from our group and other have strongly suggested that this protein is enriched in cancer-associated extracellular vesicles and may be considered a promising candidate for a targeted therapy in LGALS3BP positive cancers. Here, we extensively reviewed the literature relative to LGALS3BP role in cancer and its potential value as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Mathavan S, Kue CS, Kumar S. Identification of potential candidate genes for lip and oral cavity cancer using network analysis. Genomics Inform 2021; 19:e4. [PMID: 33840168 PMCID: PMC8042300 DOI: 10.5808/gi.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lip and oral cavity cancer, which can occur in any part of the mouth, is the 11th most common type of cancer worldwide. The major obstacles to patients' survival are the poor prognosis, lack of specific biomarkers, and expensive therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to identify the main genes and pathways associated with lip and oral cavity carcinoma using network analysis and to analyze its molecular mechanism and prognostic significance further. In this study, 472 genes causing lip and oral cavity carcinoma were retrieved from the DisGeNET database. A protein-protein interaction network was developed for network analysis using the STRING database. VEGFA, IL6, MAPK3, INS, TNF, MAPK8, MMP9, CXCL8, EGF, and PTGS2 were recognized as network hub genes using the maximum clique centrality algorithm available in cytoHubba, and nine potential drug candidates (ranibizumab, siltuximab, sulindac, pomalidomide, dexrazoxane, endostatin, pamidronic acid, cetuximab, and apricoxib) for lip and oral cavity cancer were identified from the DGIdb database. Gene enrichment analysis was also performed to identify the gene ontology categorization of cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, and biological pathways. The genes identified in this study could furnish a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and provide more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of lip and oral cavity cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmilah Mathavan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
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Brown CJ, Gaunitz S, Wang Z, Strindelius L, Jacobson SC, Clemmer DE, Trinidad JC, Novotny MV. Glycoproteomic Analysis of Human Urinary Exosomes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14357-14365. [PMID: 32985870 PMCID: PMC7875506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes represent a class of secreted biological vesicles, which have recently gained attention due to their function as intertissue and interorganism transporters of genetic materials, small molecules, lipids, and proteins. Although the protein constituents of these exosomes are often glycosylated, a large-scale characterization of the glycoproteome has not yet been completed. This study identified 3144 unique glycosylation events belonging to 378 glycoproteins and 604 unique protein sites of glycosylation. With these data, we investigated the level of glycan microheterogeneity within the urinary exosomes, finding on average 5.9 glycans per site. The glycan family abundance on individual proteins showed subtle differences, providing an additional level of molecular characterization compared to the unmodified proteome. Finally, we show protein site-specific changes in regard to the common urinary glycoprotein, uromodulin. While uromodulin is an individual case, these same site-specific analyses provide a way forward for developing diagnostic glycoprotein biomarkers with urine as a noninvasive biological fluid. This study represents an important first step in understanding the functional urinary glycoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Stefan Gaunitz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Lena Strindelius
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Stephen C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Salivary Biochemical Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100818. [PMID: 33066436 PMCID: PMC7602212 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of biochemical saliva markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. The group of patients included 68 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 50 with non-cancerous diseases of the oral cavity, and 114 healthy volunteers. Before the start of treatment, 23 biochemical parameters of saliva were determined. Participants were monitored for six years to assess survival rates. The statistical analysis was performed by means of Statistica 10.0 and R package. A complex of metabolic changes occurring in saliva in oral cancer is described. It was shown that none of the studied parameters could be used to diagnose oral cancer in an independent variant; the use of combinations of parameters is more informative. The high prognostic value of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the Na/K-ratio in saliva before treatment was established. Thus, the content of MDA ˂ 7.34 nmol/mL and the Na/K-ratio > 1.09 c.u. is a prognostically unfavorable factor (HR = 7.88, 95% CI 1.10-54.62, p = 0.01876), which may be useful for optimizing the treatment of patients with oral cancer. It has been shown that saliva has great potential for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for oral cancer.
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis could categorize proteins and study their interactions in large scale in human cancers. By this method, many proteins are upregulated or downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) when compared to nonneoplastic esophageal mucosae. The method can also be used to identify novel, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis or predict prognosis of patients with ESCC. These changes are associated with different clinical and pathological parameters. Different biological matrices such as pathological tissue, body fluids, and cancer cell lines-based proteomics have widely been used. Herein, we described cell line-based label-free shotgun proteomics (in-solution tryptic digestion) to identify the protein biomarkers differently expressed in ESCC.
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Global Proteomics-based Identification and Validation of Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked as a Prognostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9031. [PMID: 28831179 PMCID: PMC5567379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a major health concern worldwide. We applied the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to analyze paired normal (N) and tumor (T) samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as well as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis in HNSCC cell lines to identify tumor-associated biomarkers. Our results showed a number of proteins found to be over-expressed in HNSCC. We identified thymosin beta-4 X-linked (TMSB4X) is one of the most significant candidate biomarkers. Higher TMSB4X expression in the tumor was found by N/T-paired HNSCC samples at both RNA and protein level. Overexpression of TMSB4X was found significantly associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (OS, P = 0.006) and recurrence-free survival (RFS, P = 0.013) in HNSCC patients. Silencing of TMSB4X expression in HNSCC cell line reduced the proliferation and invasion ability in vitro, as well as inhibited the cervical lymph node metastasis in vivo. Altogether, our global proteomics analysis identified that TMSB4X is a newly discovered biomarker in HNSCC whose functions resulted in enhanced proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. TMSB4X may be a potential therapeutic target for treating HNSCC patients.
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Hsiao YC, Chu LJ, Chen JT, Yeh TS, Yu JS. Proteomic profiling of the cancer cell secretome: informing clinical research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:737-756. [PMID: 28695748 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1353913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer represents one of the major causes of human deaths. Identification of proteins as biomarkers for early detection of cancer and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment are important issues in precision medicine. Secretome of cancer cells represents the collection of proteins secreted or shed from cancer cells. Proteomic profiling of the cancer cell secretome has been proven to be a convenient and efficient way to discover cancer biomarker and/or therapeutic targets. Areas covered: There have been numerous reviews describing the history and application of secretome analysis in cancer biomarker/therapeutic target research. The present review focuses on the technological advancement for profiling low-molecular-mass proteins in secretome, the latest information regarding the new candidate biomarkers and molecular mechanisms discovered on the basis of cancer cell secretome analysis, as well as the previously discovered candidate biomarkers that enter into clinical trials. Expert commentary: Current technologies for protein sample preparation/separation and MS-based protein identification have allowed in-depth analysis of cancer cell secretome. Future efforts should focus on the comprehensiveness of cancer cell secretome, meta-analysis of different secretome datasets and integrated analysis via combining other omics datasets, as well as the incorporation of MS-based biomarker verification pipeline into both preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chin Hsiao
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Liver Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Liver Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ting Chen
- c Department of Surgery , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- c Department of Surgery , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Liver Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,d Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Key clinical questions, biomarker discovery, and the role of proteomics. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 63:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Low-molecular-mass secretome profiling identifies HMGA2 and MIF as prognostic biomarkers for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11689. [PMID: 26138061 PMCID: PMC4650660 DOI: 10.1038/srep11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The profiling of cancer cell secretomes is considered to be a good strategy for identifying cancer-related biomarkers, but few studies have focused on identifying low-molecular-mass (LMr) proteins (<15 kDa) in cancer cell secretomes. Here, we used tricine-SDS-gel-assisted fractionation and LC-MS/MS to systemically identify LMr proteins in the secretomes of five oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Cross-matching of these results with nine OSCC tissue transcriptome datasets allowed us to identify 33 LMr genes/proteins that were highly upregulated in OSCC tissues and secreted/released from OSCC cells. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to verify the overexpression of two candidates, HMGA2 and MIF, in OSCC tissues. The overexpressions of both proteins were associated with cervical metastasis, perineural invasion, deeper tumor invasion, higher overall stage, and a poorer prognosis for post-treatment survival. Functional assays further revealed that both proteins promoted the migration and invasion of OSCC cell lines in vitro. Collectively, our data indicate that the tricine-SDS-gel/LC-MS/MS approach can be used to efficiently identify LMr proteins from OSCC cell secretomes, and suggest that HMGA2 and MIF could be potential tissue biomarkers for OSCC.
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Hsu CW, Yu JS, Peng PH, Liu SC, Chang YS, Chang KP, Wu CC. Secretome profiling of primary cells reveals that THBS2 is a salivary biomarker of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4796-807. [PMID: 24708169 DOI: 10.1021/pr500038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is frequently associated with poor prognosis and mortality. The discovery of body fluid-accessible biomarkers may help improve the detection of OSCC. In the present work, we established primary cell cultures derived from OSCC and adjacent noncancerous epithelium and performed comparative profiling of their secretomes. Using spectral counting-based label-free quantification, we found that 64 proteins were significantly higher in primary OSCC cells compared with primary adjacent noncancerous cells. We then retrieved the mRNA expression levels of these 64 proteins in oral cavity tumor and noncancerous tissues from public domain array-based transcriptome data sets and used this information to prioritize the biomarker candidates. We identified 19 candidates; among them, the protein levels of THBS2, UFD1L, and DNAJB11 were found to be elevated in OSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous epithelia. Importantly, higher levels of THBS2 in OSCC tissues were associated with a higher overall pathological stage, positive perineural invasion, and a poorer prognosis. Moreover, the salivary levels of THBS2 in OSCC patients were elevated compared to those of noncancer controls. Our results collectively indicate that analysis of the primary cell secretome is a feasible strategy for biomarker identification, and that THBS2 is a potentially useful salivary marker for the detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, §Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, and ∥Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University , Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Seema S, Krishnan M, Harith AK, Sahai K, Iyer SR, Arora V, Tripathi RP. Laser ionization mass spectrometry in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:471-83. [PMID: 24112294 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker research in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) aims for screening/early diagnosis and in predicting its recurrence, metastasis and overall prognosis. This article reviews the current molecular perspectives and diagnosis of oral cancer with proteomics using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry (MS). This method shows higher sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and ability to handle complex tissues and biological fluid samples. However, the data interpretation tools of contemporary mass spectrometry still warrant further improvement. Based on the data available with laser-based mass spectrometry, biomarkers of OSCC are classified as (i) diagnosis and prognosis, (ii) secretory, (iii) recurrence and metastasis, and (iv) drug targets. Majority of these biomarkers are involved in cell homeostasis and are either physiologic responders or enzymes. Therefore, proteins directly related to tumorigenesis have more diagnostic value. Salivary secretory markers are another group that offers a favourable and easy strategy for non-invasive screening and early diagnosis in oral cancer. Key molecular inter-related pathways in oral carcinogenesis are also intensely researched with software analysis to facilitate targeted drug therapeutics. The review suggested the need for incorporating 'multiple MS or tandem approaches' and focusing on a 'group of biomarkers' instead of single protein entities, for making early diagnosis and treatment for oral cancer a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathy Seema
- Army Base Hospital, School of Medicine & Paramedical Health Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Government of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Wang HC, Chiang WF, Huang HH, Huang SK, Chiang HC. Promoter hypermethylation of the gene encoding heat shock protein B1 in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:376-84. [PMID: 23453029 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism responsible for the regulation of HSPB1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma was explored in this study. STUDY DESIGN The expression and the methylation status of HSPB1 in oral squamous carcinoma cells were examined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing. RESULTS HSPB1 expression was weakly expressed in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (N = 4) as compared to that of normal human oral keratinocytes. The lower expressed HSPB1 was associated with promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene, and the expression of HSPB1 could be induced by treating the cells with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108. Promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene was also noted in primary oral squamous carcinomas, concomitant with reduced levels of HSPB1 gene expression, as compared to those of the paired neighboring normal tissues. CONCLUSION Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene may explain the reduced expression of HSPB1 noted in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in molecular diagnostics: discovery of cancer biomarkers using tissue culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:783131. [PMID: 23586059 PMCID: PMC3613068 DOI: 10.1155/2013/783131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of cancer patients remain a key obstacle for successful cancer treatment and prevention. Therein comes the need for biomarker discovery, which is crucial to the current oncological and other clinical practices having the potential to impact the diagnosis and prognosis. In fact, most of the biomarkers have been discovered utilizing the proteomics-based approaches. Although high-throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches like SILAC, 2D-DIGE, and iTRAQ are filling up the pitfalls of the conventional techniques, still serum proteomics importunately poses hurdle in overcoming a wide range of protein concentrations, and also the availability of patient tissue samples is a limitation for the biomarker discovery. Thus, researchers have looked for alternatives, and profiling of candidate biomarkers through tissue culture of tumor cell lines comes up as a promising option. It is a rich source of tumor cell-derived proteins, thereby, representing a wide array of potential biomarkers. Interestingly, most of the clinical biomarkers in use today (CA 125, CA 15.3, CA 19.9, and PSA) were discovered through tissue culture-based system and tissue extracts. This paper tries to emphasize the tissue culture-based discovery of candidate biomarkers through various mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches.
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Hepatitis C virus replication is modulated by the interaction of nonstructural protein NS5B and fatty acid synthase. J Virol 2013; 87:4994-5004. [PMID: 23427160 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02526-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that acts as a key player in the HCV replication complex. Understanding the interplay between the viral and cellular components of the HCV replication complex could provide new insight for prevention of the progression of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the NS5B protein was used as the bait in a pulldown assay to screen for NS5B-interacting proteins that are present in Huh7 hepatoma cell lysates. After mass spectrophotometric analysis, fatty acid synthase (FASN) was found to interact with NS5B. Coimmunoprecipitation and double staining assays further confirmed the direct binding between NS5B and FASN. The domain of NS5B that interacts with FASN was also determined. Moreover, FASN was associated with detergent-resistant lipid rafts and colocalized with NS5B in active HCV replication complexes. In addition, overexpression of FASN enhanced HCV expression in Huh7/Rep-Feo cells, while transfection of FASN small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment with FASN-specific inhibitors decreased HCV replication and viral production. Notably, FASN directly increased HCV NS5B RdRp activity in vitro. These results together indicate that FASN interacts with NS5B and modulates HCV replication through a direct increase of NS5B RdRp activity. FASN may thereby serve as a target for the treatment of HCV infection and the prevention of HCV-associated HCC progression.
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Abstract
Most biological processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are coordinated by tightly regulated signaling pathways, which also involve secreted proteins acting in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. In addition, extracellular signaling molecules affect local niche biology and influence the cross-talking with the surrounding tissues. The understanding of this molecular language may provide an integrated and broader view of cellular regulatory networks under physiological and pathological conditions. In this context, the profiling at a global level of cell secretomes (i.e., the subpopulations of a proteome secreted from the cell) has become an active area of research. The current interest in secretome research also deals with its high potential for the biomarker discovery and the identification of new targets for therapeutic strategies. Several proteomic and mass spectrometry platforms and methodologies have been applied to secretome profiling of conditioned media of cultured cell lines and primary cells. Nevertheless, the analysis of secreted proteins is still a very challenging task, because of the technical difficulties that may hamper the subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. This chapter describes a typical workflow for the analysis of proteins secreted by cultured cells. Crucial issues related to cell culture conditions for the collection of conditioned media, secretome preparation, and mass spectrometry analysis are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of quantitative LC-MS-based approaches, computational tools for data analysis, and strategies for validation of potential secretome biomarkers is also presented.
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Endo H, Muramatsu T, Furuta M, Uzawa N, Pimkhaokham A, Amagasa T, Inazawa J, Kozaki KI. Potential of tumor-suppressive miR-596 targeting LGALS3BP as a therapeutic agent in oral cancer. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:560-9. [PMID: 23233740 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality statistics for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were 10th and 12th, respectively, in human cancers diagnosed worldwide in 2008. In this study, to identify novel tumor-suppressive microRNAs (TS-miRNAs) and their direct targets in OSCC, we performed methylation-based screening for 43 miRNAs encoded by 46 miRNA genes located within 500 bp downstream of 40 CpG islands and genome-wide gene expression profiling in combination with a prediction database analysis, respectively, in 18 cell lines, resulting in the identification of a novel TS-miRNA miR-596 directly targeting LGALS3BP/Mac-2 BP/90K. DNA hypermethylation of CpG island located 5'-upstream of miR-596 gene was frequently observed in OSCC cell lines (100% of 18 cell lines) and primary OSCC cases (46.2 and 76.3% of 26 Japanese and 38 Thais primary cases, respectively) in a tumor-specific manner. The ectopic transfection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimicking miR-596 or specific small interfering RNA for LGALS3BP significantly induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in cell lines lacking miR-596 expression or overexpressing LGALS3BP, respectively, in a manner associated with a suppression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, we also mention the effect of dsRNA mimicking miR-596 on the growth of an OSCC cell line in vivo. Our findings define a central role for miR-596 in OSCC and suggest the potential of miR-596 as an anticancer agent for miRNA replacement therapy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Endo
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Sun L, Chen L, Sun L, Pan J, Yu L, Han L, Yang Z, Luo Y, Ran Y. Functional screen for secreted proteins by monoclonal antibody library and identification of Mac-2 Binding protein (Mac-2BP) as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for lung cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012. [PMID: 23184915 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of secreted proteins of lung cancer could provide new candidates of serum biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we developed a novel strategy that combined functional monoclonal antibody library screening technique and mass spectrometry to identify functional secreted proteins. BALB/c mice were immunized with cancer cells isolated from fresh human lung cancer tissues. The monoclonal antibody library containing 1160 mAbs was established with the mouse spleen cells, whose serum had most anti-proliferative effect on lung cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies were subjected to an immunoreactive and functional screen and monoclonal antibodies that reacted strongly with secreted proteins in condition medium and lung cancer tissues with high inhibotion of cell proliferation were selected. Antigens that recognized by antibodies were obtained by immunoprecipitation and then identified by mass spectrometry. Mac-2-binding protein (Mac-2BP), the antigen of 13H3 antibody, was identified using this approach. Functional studies demonstrated that the 13H3 antibody suppressed lung cancer cell lines ANIP-973 and A549 proliferation in vitro and inhibit ANIP973 xenograft tumors growth in vivo by inducing cell-cycle arrest at G1 phase, with up-regulation of p27 and down-regulation of cyclin D1. Moreover, the serum level of Mac-2BP was significantly higher in lung cancer patients than healthy controls. At a cutoff value of 6 μg/ml, Mac-2BP might be a diagnostic biomarker of lung cancer, especially for SCLC. Mac-2BP concentrations of 6 μg/ml or higher was associated with poor overall survival in univariate analysis, and was an independent predictor in the multivariate COX analysis. Together, these results firstly demonstrated that Mac-2BP can be used as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker for lung cancer. Our strategy is feasible, which may facilitate the identification of novel secreted biomarkers of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ralhan R. How will increasing our knowledge of the head and neck cancer cells' secretome benefit head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients? Expert Rev Proteomics 2012; 9:115-8. [PMID: 22462781 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Jin L, Zhang Y, Li H, Yao L, Fu D, Yao X, Xu LX, Hu X, Hu G. Differential secretome analysis reveals CST6 as a suppressor of breast cancer bone metastasis. Cell Res 2012; 22:1356-73. [PMID: 22688893 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication of breast cancer and a common cause of morbidity and mortality from the disease. During metastasis secreted proteins play crucial roles in the interactions between cancer cells and host stroma. To characterize the secreted proteins that are associated with breast cancer bone metastasis, we preformed a label-free proteomic analysis to compare the secretomes of four MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) derivative cell lines with varied capacities of bone metastasis. A total of 128 proteins were found to be consistently up-/down-regulated in the conditioned medium of bone-tropic cancer cells. The enriched molecular functions of the altered proteins included receptor binding and peptidase inhibition. Through additional transcriptomic analyses of breast cancer cells, we selected cystatin E/M (CST6), a cysteine protease inhibitor down-regulated in bone-metastatic cells, for further functional studies. Our results showed that CST6 suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The suppressive function against cancer cell motility was carried out by cancer cell-derived soluble CST6. More importantly, ectopic expression of CST6 in cancer cells rescued mice from overt osteolytic metastasis and deaths in the animal study, while CST6 knockdown markedly enhanced cancer cell bone metastasis and shortened animal survival. Overall, our study provided a systemic secretome analysis of breast cancer bone tropism and established secreted CST6 as a bona fide suppressor of breast cancer osteolytic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai 200025, China
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Chang KP, Yu JS, Chien KY, Lee CW, Liang Y, Liao CT, Yen TC, Lee LY, Huang LL, Liu SC, Chang YS, Chi LM. Identification of PRDX4 and P4HA2 as metastasis-associated proteins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma by comparative tissue proteomics of microdissected specimens using iTRAQ technology. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4935-47. [PMID: 21859152 DOI: 10.1021/pr200311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical lymph node metastasis represents the major prognosticator for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we used an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to identify proteins that are differentially expressed between microdissected primary and metastatic OSCC tumors. The selected candidates were examined in tissue sections via immunohistochemistry, and their roles in OSCC cell function investigated using RNA interference. Seventy-four differentially expressed proteins in nodal metastases, including PRDX4 and P4HA2, were identified. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher levels of PRDX4 and P4HA2 in tumor cells than adjacent non-tumor epithelia (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and even higher expression in the 31 metastatic tumors of lymph nodes, compared to the corresponding primary tumors (P = 0.060 and P = 0.002, respectively). Overexpression of PRDX4 and P4HA2 was significantly associated with positive pN status (P = 0.048 and P = 0.021, respectively). PRDX4 overexpression was a significant prognostic factor for disease-specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = 0.034 and P = 0.032, respectively). Additionally, cell migration and invasiveness were attenuated in OEC-M1 cells upon in vitro knockdown of PRDX4 and P4HA2 with specific interfering RNA. Novel metastasis-related prognostic markers for OSCC could be identified by our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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24
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Polisetty RV, Gupta MK, Nair SC, Ramamoorthy K, Tiwary S, Shiras A, Chandak GR, Sirdeshmukh R. Glioblastoma cell secretome: Analysis of three glioblastoma cell lines reveal 148 non-redundant proteins. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1918-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Yu CJ, Chang KP, Chang YJ, Hsu CW, Liang Y, Yu JS, Chi LM, Chang YS, Wu CC. Identification of guanylate-binding protein 1 as a potential oral cancer marker involved in cell invasion using omics-based analysis. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3778-88. [PMID: 21714544 DOI: 10.1021/pr2004133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease that accounts for 3% of all cancer cases diagnosed annually. OSCC is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages, resulting in poor outcomes. To identify effective biomarkers for improved OSCC diagnosis and/or management, we simultaneously analyzed the OSCC cell secretome and tissue transcriptome. Among the 19 candidates isolated, guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) was selected for further validation using serum samples from OSCC patients and healthy controls. Notably, the serum level of GBP1 was higher in OSCC patients, compared to that in healthy controls. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed GBP1 overexpression in OSCC tissues, compared with adjacent noncancerous epithelia. Importantly, the higher GBP1 level in OSCC tissue was associated with higher overall pathological stage, positive perineural invasion, and poorer prognosis. Moreover, GBP1 modulated the migration and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro. Our results collectively indicate that integrated analysis of the cancer secretome and transcriptome is a feasible strategy for the efficient identification of novel OSCC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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26
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Ralhan R, Masui O, Desouza LV, Matta A, Macha M, Siu KWM. Identification of proteins secreted by head and neck cancer cell lines using LC-MS/MS: Strategy for discovery of candidate serological biomarkers. Proteomics 2011; 11:2363-76. [PMID: 21598386 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In search of blood-based biomarkers that would enhance the ability to diagnose head and neck/oral squamous cell carcinoma (HNOSCC) in early stages or predict its prognosis, we analyzed the HNOSCC secretome (ensemble of proteins secreted and/or shed from the tumor cells) for potential biomarkers using proteomic technologies. LC-MS/MS was used to identify proteins in the conditioned media of four HNOSCC cell lines (SCC4, HSC2, SCC38, and AMOSIII); 140 unique proteins were identified on the basis of 5% global false discovery rate, 122 of which were secretory proteins, with 29 being previously reported to be overexpressed in HNOSCC in comparison to normal head and neck tissues. Of these, five proteins including α-enolase, peptidyl prolyl isomerase A/cyclophilin A, 14-3-3 ζ, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K, and 14-3-3 σ were detected in the sera of HNOSCC patients by Western blot analysis. Our study provides the evidence that analysis of head and neck cancer cells' secretome is a viable strategy for identifying candidate serological biomarkers for HNOSCC. In future, these biomarkers may be useful in predicting the likelihood of transformation of oral pre-malignant lesions, prognosis of HNOSCC patients and evaluate response to therapy using minimally invasive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Chang KP, Chang YT, Liao CT, Yen TC, Chen IH, Chang YL, Liu YL, Chang YS, Yu JS, Wu CC. Prognostic cytokine markers in peripheral blood for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma identified by multiplexed immunobead-based profiling. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:980-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Hsu CY, Chan YP. Identification and localization of proteins associated with biomineralization in the iron deposition vesicles of honeybees (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2011; 6:e19088. [PMID: 21541330 PMCID: PMC3082545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) form superparamagnetic magnetite to act as a magnetoreceptor for magnetoreception. Biomineralization of superparamagnetic magnetite occurs in the iron deposition vesicles of trophocytes. Even though magnetite has been demonstrated, the mechanism of magnetite biomineralization is unknown. In this study, proteins in the iron granules and iron deposition vesicles of trophocytes were purified and identified by mass spectrometry. Antibodies against such proteins were produced. The major proteins include actin, myosin, ferritin 2, and ATP synthase. Immunolabeling and co-immunoprecipitation studies suggest that iron is stored in ferritin 2 for the purpose of forming 7.5-nm diameter iron particles and that actin-myosin-ferritin 2 may serve as a transporter system. This system, along with calcium and ATP, conveys the iron particles (ferritin) to the center of iron deposition vesicles for iron granules formation. These proteins and reactants are included in iron deposition vesicles during the formation of iron deposition vesicles from the fusion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. A hypothetical model for magnetite biomineralization in iron deposition vesicles is proposed for honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. hsu @mail.cgu.edu.tw
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Dowling P, Clynes M. Conditioned media from cell lines: a complementary model to clinical specimens for the discovery of disease-specific biomarkers. Proteomics 2011; 11:794-804. [PMID: 21229588 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the strictest sense, the cell secretome (conditioned media) refers to the collection of proteins that contain a signal peptide and are processed via the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus through the classical secretion pathway. More generally, the secretome also encompasses proteins shed from the cell surface and intracellular proteins released through non-classical secretion pathway or exosomes. These secreted proteins include numerous enzymes, growth factors, cytokines and hormones or other soluble mediators. They are fundamental in the processes of cell growth, differentiation, invasion and angiogenesis by regulating cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. The main aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of findings from the analysis of the secretome taking diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases as examples. We will also discuss the preparation of conditioned media and on the main proteomic-based methodological approaches that have been developed for the study of secreted/shed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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30
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Makridakis M, Vlahou A. Secretome proteomics for discovery of cancer biomarkers. J Proteomics 2010; 73:2291-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Matta A, Ralhan R, DeSouza LV, Siu KWM. Mass spectrometry-based clinical proteomics: head-and-neck cancer biomarkers and drug-targets discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:945-961. [PMID: 20945361 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a rapidly developing technology for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of proteins, and investigations into protein posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and interactions. Recent advancements in MS have made tremendous impact on the throughput and comprehensiveness of cancer proteomics, paving the way to unraveling deregulated cellular pathway networks in human malignancies. In turn, this knowledge is rapidly being translated into the discovery of novel potential cancer markers (PCMs) and targets for molecular therapeutics. Head-and-neck cancer is one of the most morbid human malignancies with an overall poor prognosis and severely compromised quality of life. Early detection and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for more effective disease management. The characterizations of protein profiles of head-and-neck cancers and non-malignant tissues, with unprecedented sensitivity and precision, are providing technology platforms for identification of novel PCMs and drug targets. Importantly, low-abundance proteins are being identified and characterized, not only from the tumor tissues, but also from bodily fluids (plasma, saliva, and urine) in a high-throughput and unbiased manner. This review is a critical appraisal of recent advances in MS-based proteomic technologies and platforms for facilitating the discovery of biomarkers and novel drug targets in head-and-neck cancer. A major challenge in the discovery and verification of these cancer biomarkers is the typically limited availability of well-characterized and adequately stored clinical samples in tumor and sera banks, collected using recommended procedures, and with detailed information on clinical, pathological parameters, and follow-up. Most biomarker discovery studies use limited number of clinical samples and verification of cancer markers in large number of samples is beyond the scope of a single laboratory. The validation of these potential markers in large sample cohorts in multicentric studies is needed for their translation from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Matta
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Kashyap MK, Harsha HC, Renuse S, Pawar H, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Kim MS, Marimuthu A, Keerthikumar S, Muthusamy B, Kandasamy K, Subbannayya Y, Prasad TSK, Mahmood R, Chaerkady R, Meltzer SJ, Kumar RV, Rustgi AK, Pandey A. SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach to identify potential biomarkers from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma secretome. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:796-810. [PMID: 20686364 PMCID: PMC3093916 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.8.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of secreted proteins that are differentially expressed between non-neoplastic and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells can provide potential biomarkers of ESCC. We used a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach to compare the secretome of ESCC cells with that of non-neoplastic esophageal squamous epithelial cells. Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) of in-gel trypsin-digested peptides was carried out on a high-accuracy qTOF mass spectrometer. In total, we identified 441 proteins in the combined secretomes, including 120 proteins with > 2-fold upregulation in the ESCC secretome vs. that of non-neoplastic esophageal squamous epithelial cells. In this study, several potential protein biomarkers previously known to be increased in ESCC including matrix metalloproteinase 1, transferrin receptor, and transforming growth factor beta-induced 68 kDa were identified as overexpressed in the ESCC-derived secretome. In addition, we identified several novel proteins that have not been previously reported to be associated with ESCC. Among the novel candidate proteins identified, protein disulfide isomerase family a member 3 (PDIA3), GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (GDI2), and lectin galactoside binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) were further validated by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical labeling using tissue microarrays. This tissue microarray analysis showed overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase family a member 3, GDP dissociation inhibitor 2, and lectin galactoside binding soluble 3 binding protein in 93%, 93% and 87% of 137 ESCC cases, respectively. Hence, we conclude that these potential biomarkers are excellent candidates for further evaluation to test their role and efficacy in the early detection of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biotechnology; Kuvempu University; Shimoga, India
| | - HC Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Kollam, India
| | - Harsh Pawar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences; Bangalore, India
| | - Nandini A Sahasrabuddhe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Arivusudar Marimuthu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Manipal University; Manipal, Karnataka India
| | | | | | - Kumaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biotechnology; Kuvempu University; Shimoga, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences; Bangalore, India
| | | | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology; Kuvempu University; Shimoga, India
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine and Genetics; Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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Lee KK, Todorova K, Mandinova A. Maximizing early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via SILAC-proteomics. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:811-3. [PMID: 20953140 PMCID: PMC3093917 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.8.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Charlestown; MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge Center; MA USA
| | - Kristina Todorova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Charlestown; MA USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Charlestown; MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge Center; MA USA
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Wu R, Zhao X, Wang Z, Zhou M, Chen Q. Novel Molecular Events in Oral Carcinogenesis via Integrative Approaches. J Dent Res 2010; 90:561-72. [PMID: 20940368 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510383691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.Q. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - X.F. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Z.Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - M. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Q.M. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Karagiannis GS, Pavlou MP, Diamandis EP. Cancer secretomics reveal pathophysiological pathways in cancer molecular oncology. Mol Oncol 2010; 4:496-510. [PMID: 20934395 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging proteomic tools and mass spectrometry play pivotal roles in protein identification, quantification and characterization, even in complex biological samples. The cancer secretome, namely the whole collection of proteins secreted by cancer cells through various secretory pathways, has only recently been shown to have significant potential for diverse applications in oncoproteomics. For example, secreted proteins might represent putative tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets for various types of cancer. Consequently, many proteomic strategies for secretome analysis have been extensively deployed over the last few years. These efforts generated a large amount of information awaiting deeper mining, better understanding and careful interpretation. Distinct sub-fields, such as degradomics, exosome proteomics and tumor-host cell interactions have been developed, in an attempt to provide certain answers to partially elucidated mechanisms of cancer pathobiology. In this review, advances, concerns and challenges in the field of secretome analysis as well as possible clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Schaaij-Visser TB, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR, Heck AJ, Slijper M. Protein biomarker discovery for head and neck cancer. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1790-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Stone MD, Odland RM, McGowan T, Onsongo G, Tang C, Rhodus NL, Jagtap P, Bandhakavi S, Griffin TJ. Novel In Situ Collection of Tumor Interstitial Fluid from a Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Reveals a Unique Proteome with Diagnostic Potential. Clin Proteomics 2010; 6:75-82. [PMID: 20930922 PMCID: PMC2937136 DOI: 10.1007/s12014-010-9050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumors lack normal drainage of secreted fluids and consequently build up tumor interstitial fluid (TIF). Unlike other bodily fluids, TIF likely contains a high proportion of tumor-specific proteins with potential as biomarkers. Methods Here, we evaluated a novel technique using a unique ultrafiltration catheter for in situ collection of TIF and used it to generate the first catalog of TIF proteins from a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To maximize proteomic coverage, TIF was immunodepleted for high abundance proteins and digested with trypsin, and peptides were fractionated in three dimensions prior to mass spectrometry. Results We identified 525 proteins with high confidence. The HNSCC TIF proteome was distinct compared to proteomes of other bodily fluids. It contained a relatively high proportion of proteins annotated by Gene Ontology as “extracellular” compared to other secreted fluid and cellular proteomes, indicating minimal cell lysis from our in situ collection technique. Several proteins identified are putative biomarkers of HNSCC, supporting our catalog’s value as a source of potential biomarkers. Conclusions In all, we demonstrate a reliable new technique for in situ TIF collection and provide the first HNSCC TIF protein catalog with value as a guide for others seeking to develop tumor biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12014-010-9050-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Rick M. Odland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas McGowan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Getiria Onsongo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Chaunning Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Nelson L. Rhodus
- Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Pratik Jagtap
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Sricharan Bandhakavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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Wu CC, Hsu CW, Chen CD, Yu CJ, Chang KP, Tai DI, Liu HP, Su WH, Chang YS, Yu JS. Candidate serological biomarkers for cancer identified from the secretomes of 23 cancer cell lines and the human protein atlas. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1100-17. [PMID: 20124221 PMCID: PMC2877973 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900398-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cell secretome profiling is a promising strategy used to identify potential body fluid-accessible cancer biomarkers, questions remain regarding the depth to which the cancer cell secretome can be mined and the efficiency with which researchers can select useful candidates from the growing list of identified proteins. Therefore, we analyzed the secretomes of 23 human cancer cell lines derived from 11 cancer types using one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and nano-LC-MS/MS performed on an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer to generate a more comprehensive cancer cell secretome. A total of 31,180 proteins was detected, accounting for 4,584 non-redundant proteins, with an average of 1,300 proteins identified per cell line. Using protein secretion-predictive algorithms, 55.8% of the proteins appeared to be released or shed from cells. The identified proteins were selected as potential marker candidates according to three strategies: (i) proteins apparently secreted by one cancer type but not by others (cancer type-specific marker candidates), (ii) proteins released by most cancer cell lines (pan-cancer marker candidates), and (iii) proteins putatively linked to cancer-relevant pathways. We then examined protein expression profiles in the Human Protein Atlas to identify biomarker candidates that were simultaneously detected in the secretomes and highly expressed in cancer tissues. This analysis yielded 6-137 marker candidates selective for each tumor type and 94 potential pan-cancer markers. Among these, we selectively validated monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (for liver cancer), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (for lung cancer), and cathepsin L1 and interferon-induced 17-kDa protein (for nasopharyngeal carcinoma) as potential serological cancer markers. In summary, the proteins identified from the secretomes of 23 cancer cell lines and the Human Protein Atlas represent a focused reservoir of potential cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi-De Chen
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- ‖Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University and
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Departments of **Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
| | - Dar-In Tai
- ‡‡Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hui Su
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- ‖Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University and
- §§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan. Tel.: 886-3-2118800 (ext. 5171); Fax: 886-3-2118891; E-mail:
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Yang WCV, Chung HR, Wu JY, Yi C, Wang DJ, Lee SY. Potential biomarkers for the cytologic diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(10)60010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Xue H, Lü B, Zhang J, Wu M, Huang Q, Wu Q, Sheng H, Wu D, Hu J, Lai M. Identification of serum biomarkers for colorectal cancer metastasis using a differential secretome approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:545-55. [PMID: 19924834 DOI: 10.1021/pr9008817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is the major concern that causes death in colorectal cancers. However, biomarkers for cancer metastasis are still lacking. In this study, we applied an LC-MS/MS-based label-free quantitative proteomics approach to compare the differential secretome of a primary cell line SW480 and its lymph node metastatic cell line SW620 from the same colorectal cancer patient. We identified a total of 910 proteins from the conditioned media and 145 differential proteins between SW480 and SW620 (>1.5-fold change). The differential expression pattern of 6 candidate proteins was validated by Western blot analysis. Among them, trefoil factor 3 and growth/differentiation factor 15, two up-regulated proteins in SW620, were further analyzed in a large cohort of clinical tissue and serum samples. Sandwich ELISA assay showed that the serum levels of both proteins were significantly higher in lymph node metastatic colorectal cancers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that serum trefoil factor 3 and growth/differentiation factor 15 could provide a discriminatory diagnostic test for predicting colorectal cancer metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that the overexpression of trefoil factor 3 or growth/differentiation factor 15 in colorectal cancer was associated with lymph node metastatic behavior. This study showed an accurate, sensitive, and robust label-free quantitation approach for differential analysis of cancer secretome. The comparison of the cancer secretome in vitro is a feasible strategy to obtain valuable biomarkers for potential clinical application. Both trefoil factor 3 and growth/differentiation factor 15 could serve as potential biomarkers for the prediction of colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xue
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Affiliated Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Schaaij-Visser TBM, Graveland AP, Gauci S, Braakhuis BJM, Buijze M, Heck AJR, Kuik DJ, Bloemena E, Leemans CR, Slijper M, Brakenhoff RH. Differential Proteomics Identifies Protein Biomarkers That Predict Local Relapse of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7666-7675. [PMID: 19996216 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE: The 5-year survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remain disappointing. HNSCCs develop in precursor fields of genetically altered cells that are often not completely resected when the tumor is excised, causing local relapse. These precursor fields are mostly recognized as dysplasia, but histologic grading cannot reliably predict malignant transformation. Our aim was to discover and validate protein biomarkers that can detect precursor fields and predict local relapse in HNSCC using immunostaining of surgical margins. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We compared paired and genetically characterized normal, precursor, and tumor tissues of eight patients by proteome analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins. The prognostic value of candidate protein biomarkers was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of 222 surgical margins of 46 HNSCC patients who developed local relapse or remained disease free. Significant associations were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox-proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Forty proteins showed significant differential expression (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05). Most discriminative markers suited for immunostaining were keratin 4 and cornulin. Low expression in the surgical margins of keratin 4 (hazard ratio, 3.8; P = 0.002), cornulin (hazard ratio, 2.7; P = 0.025), and their combination (hazard ratio, 8.8; P = 0.0005) showed a highly significant association with the development of local relapse. Dysplasia grading had no prognostic relevance. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical assessment of keratin 4 and cornulin expression in surgical margins of HNSCC patients outperforms histopathologic grading in predicting the risk for local relapse. These markers can be used to initiate more frequent and lifelong surveillance of patients at high risk of local relapse, and enable selection for adjuvant treatment or tertiary prevention trials. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7666-75).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieneke B M Schaaij-Visser
- Authors' Affiliations: Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Departments of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chang YH, Wu CC, Chang KP, Yu JS, Chang YC, Liao PC. Cell Secretome Analysis Using Hollow Fiber Culture System Leads to the Discovery of CLIC1 Protein as a Novel Plasma Marker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5465-74. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hwa Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
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Wang CL, Wang CI, Liao PC, Chen CD, Liang Y, Chuang WY, Tsai YH, Chen HC, Chang YS, Yu JS, Wu CC, Yu CJ. Discovery of Retinoblastoma-Associated Binding Protein 46 as a Novel Prognostic Marker for Distant Metastasis in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer by Combined Analysis of Cancer Cell Secretome and Pleural Effusion Proteome. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4428-40. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Liang Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Chi-De Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Ying Liang
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Hua-Chien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University,
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Poschmann G, Sitek B, Sipos B, Hamacher M, Vonend O, Meyer HE, Stühler K. Cell-based proteome analysis: the first stage in the pipeline for biomarker discovery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:1309-16. [PMID: 19595794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of a distinct disease is crucial for a successful treatment and depends on a sensitive as well as specific diagnosis. In last years tremendous attempts were undertaken to identify new biomarker applying proteomics, but no relevant candidate has been identified for clinical application. Although proteomics is enabling quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteins within complex mixtures it could not significantly contribute to this field. Therefore, different proteomics approaches have been established focusing on the direct analysis of cell populations involved in pathogenic processes to identify candidate biomarkers even for in vitro diagnosis. Here, we will outline approaches applying cell- and tissue based proteome analysis as the first decisive step in the pipeline for the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers. We will show examples for analysing precursor lesions of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), nephron glomeruli and fibrotic and non-fibrotic liver tissue. This article provides also an overview about currently available techniques in the field of cell enrichment and quantitative proteome analysis of lowest amounts of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Poschmann
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ZKF E.043, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Chi LM, Lee CW, Chang KP, Hao SP, Lee HM, Liang Y, Hsueh C, Yu CJ, Lee IN, Chang YJ, Lee SY, Yeh YM, Chang YS, Chien KY, Yu JS. Enhanced interferon signaling pathway in oral cancer revealed by quantitative proteome analysis of microdissected specimens using 16O/18O labeling and integrated two-dimensional LC-ESI-MALDI tandem MS. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1453-74. [PMID: 19297561 PMCID: PMC2709179 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800460-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the mortality rate of this disease has increased in recent years. No molecular markers are available to assist with the early detection and therapeutic evaluation of OSCC; thus, identification of differentially expressed proteins may assist with the detection of potential disease markers and shed light on the molecular mechanisms of OSCC pathogenesis. We performed a multidimensional (16)O/(18)O proteomics analysis using an integrated ESI-ion trap and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS system and a computational data analysis pipeline to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in microdissected OSCC tumor cells relative to adjacent non-tumor epithelia. We identified 1233 unique proteins in microdissected oral squamous epithelia obtained from three pairs of OSCC specimens with a false discovery rate of <3%. Among these, 977 proteins were quantified between tumor and non-tumor cells. Our data revealed 80 dysregulated proteins (53 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated) when a 2.5-fold change was used as the threshold. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses were performed to confirm the overexpression of 12 up-regulated proteins in OSCC tissues. When the biological roles of 80 differentially expressed proteins were assessed via MetaCore analysis, the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway emerged as one of the most significantly altered pathways in OSCC. As many as 20% (10 of 53) of the up-regulated proteins belonged to the IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) family, including ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP)/ISG15. Using head-and-neck cancer tissue microarrays, we determined that UCRP is overexpressed in the majority of cheek and tongue cancers and in several cases of larynx cancer. In addition, we found that IFN-beta stimulates UCRP expression in oral cancer cells and enhances their motility in vitro. Our findings shed new light on OSCC pathogenesis and provide a basis for the future development of novel biomarkers.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Databases, Protein
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferons/metabolism
- Male
- Microdissection
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oxygen Isotopes/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Ming Chi
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- Departments of §Medical Research and Development
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Liang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ‖Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - I-Neng Lee
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | | | | | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
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46
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Xue H, Lu B, Lai M. The cancer secretome: a reservoir of biomarkers. J Transl Med 2008; 6:52. [PMID: 18796163 PMCID: PMC2562990 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are pivotal for cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, currently available cancer biomarkers have the disadvantage of lacking specificity and/or sensitivity. Developing effective cancer biomarkers becomes a pressing and permanent need. The cancer secretome, the totality of proteins released by cancer cells or tissues, provides useful tools for the discovery of novel biomarkers. The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in cancer secretome analysis. We aim to elaborate the approaches currently employed for cancer secretome studies, as well as its applications in the identification of biomarkers and the clarification of carcinogenesis mechanisms. Challenges encountered in this newly emerging field, including sample preparation, in vivo secretome analysis and biomarker validation, are also discussed. Further improvements on strategies and technologies will continue to drive forward cancer secretome research and enable development of a wealth of clinically valuable cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xue
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, PR China.
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