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Desai TA, Hedman ÅK, Dimitriou M, Koprulu M, Figiel S, Yin W, Johansson M, Watts EL, Atkins JR, Sokolov AV, Schiöth HB, Gunter MJ, Tsilidis KK, Martin RM, Pietzner M, Langenberg C, Mills IG, Lamb AD, Mälarstig A, Key TJ, Travis RC, Smith-Byrne K. Identifying proteomic risk factors for overall, aggressive, and early onset prostate cancer using Mendelian Randomisation and tumour spatial transcriptomics. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105168. [PMID: 38878676 PMCID: PMC11233900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the role of circulating proteins in prostate cancer risk can reveal key biological pathways and identify novel targets for cancer prevention. METHODS We investigated the association of 2002 genetically predicted circulating protein levels with risk of prostate cancer overall, and of aggressive and early onset disease, using cis-pQTL Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalisation. Findings for proteins with support from both MR, after correction for multiple-testing, and colocalisation were replicated using two independent cancer GWAS, one of European and one of African ancestry. Proteins with evidence of prostate-specific tissue expression were additionally investigated using spatial transcriptomic data in prostate tumour tissue to assess their role in tumour aggressiveness. Finally, we mapped risk proteins to drug and ongoing clinical trials targets. FINDINGS We identified 20 proteins genetically linked to prostate cancer risk (14 for overall [8 specific], 7 for aggressive [3 specific], and 8 for early onset disease [2 specific]), of which the majority replicated where data were available. Among these were proteins associated with aggressive disease, such as PPA2 [Odds Ratio (OR) per 1 SD increment = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.54-2.93], PYY [OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.43-2.44] and PRSS3 [OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.89], and those associated with early onset disease, including EHPB1 [OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.99-4.21], POGLUT3 [OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86] and TPM3 [OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34-0.64]. We confirmed an inverse association of MSMB with prostate cancer overall [OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.80-0.82], and also found an inverse association with both aggressive [OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82-0.86] and early onset disease [OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.68-0.74]. Using spatial transcriptomics data, we identified MSMB as the genome-wide top-most predictive gene to distinguish benign regions from high grade cancer regions that comparatively had five-fold lower MSMB expression. Additionally, ten proteins that were associated with prostate cancer risk also mapped to existing therapeutic interventions. INTERPRETATION Our findings emphasise the importance of proteomics for improving our understanding of prostate cancer aetiology and of opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we demonstrate the added benefit of in-depth functional analyses to triangulate the role of risk proteins in the clinical aggressiveness of prostate tumours. Using these integrated methods, we identify a subset of risk proteins associated with aggressive and early onset disease as priorities for investigation for the future prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. FUNDING This work was supported by Cancer Research UK (grant no. C8221/A29017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna A Desai
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Åsa K Hedman
- External Science and Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- External Science and Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mine Koprulu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandy Figiel
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wencheng Yin
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joshua R Atkins
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr V Sokolov
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of HealthHealth (BIH) at Charité - Univeritätsmedizin- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of HealthHealth (BIH) at Charité - Univeritätsmedizin- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Mills
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- External Science and Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lin L, Wang B, Zhang X, Deng C, Zhou C, Zhu J, Wu H, He J. Functional TET2 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese children. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:200-211. [PMID: 38014648 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is the key chemical modification in RNAs. As one of the demethylases in m5C, TET2 has been shown as a tumor suppressor. However, the impact of TET2 gene polymorphisms on neuroblastoma has not been elucidated. 402 neuroblastoma patients and 473 controls were genotyped for TET2 gene polymorphisms using the TaqMan method. The impact of TET2 gene polymorphisms on neuroblastoma susceptibility was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. We also adopted genotype-tissue expression database to explore the impact of TET2 gene polymorphisms on the expression of host and nearby genes. We used the R2 platform and Sangerbox tool to analyze the relationship between gene expression and neuroblastoma risk and prognosis through non-parametric testing and Kaplan-Meier analysis, respectively. We found the TET2 gene polymorphisms (rs10007915 G > C and rs7670522 A > C) and the combined 2-5 risk genotypes can significantly increase neuroblastoma risk. Stratification analysis showed that these significant associations were more prominent in certain subgroups. TET2 rs10007915 G > C and rs7670522 A > C are significantly associated with reduced expression of TET2 mRNA. Moreover, lower expression of TET2 gene is associated with high risk, MYCN amplification, and poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. The rs10007915 G > C and rs7670522 A > C are significantly related to the increased expression of inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 mRNA, and higher expression of PPA2 gene is associated with high risk, MYCN amplification, and poor prognosis of neuroblastomas. In summary, TET2 rs10007915 G > C and rs7670522 A > C significantly confer neuroblastoma susceptibility, and further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changmi Deng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hillowe A, Gordon C, Wang L, Rizzo RC, Trotman LC, Ojima I, Bialkowska A, Kaczocha M. Fatty acid binding protein 5 regulates docetaxel sensitivity in taxane-resistant prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292483. [PMID: 37796964 PMCID: PMC10553314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. Although treatable when detected early, prostate cancer commonly transitions to an aggressive castration-resistant metastatic state. While taxane chemotherapeutics such as docetaxel are mainstay treatment options for prostate cancer, taxane resistance often develops. Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) is an intracellular lipid chaperone that is upregulated in advanced prostate cancer and is implicated as a key driver of its progression. The recent demonstration that FABP5 inhibitors produce synergistic inhibition of tumor growth when combined with taxane chemotherapeutics highlights the possibility that FABP5 may regulate other features of taxane function, including resistance. Employing taxane-resistant DU145-TXR cells and a combination of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays, our findings demonstrate that FABP5 knockdown sensitizes the cells to docetaxel. In contrast, docetaxel potency was unaffected by FABP5 knockdown in taxane-sensitive DU145 cells. Taxane-resistance in DU145-TXR cells stems from upregulation of the P-glycoprotein ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). Expression analyses and functional assays confirmed that FABP5 knockdown in DU145-TXR cells markedly reduced ABCB1 expression and activity, respectively. Our study demonstrates a potential new function for FABP5 in regulating taxane sensitivity and the expression of a major P-glycoprotein efflux pump in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hillowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Chris Gordon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert C Rizzo
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lloyd C Trotman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Bialkowska
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Wu J, Guo J, Fang Q, Liu Y, Li C, Xie W, Zhang Y. Identification of biomarkers associated with the invasion of nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors based on the immune microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131693. [PMID: 37522128 PMCID: PMC10376796 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The invasive behavior of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNEts) affects complete resection and indicates a poor prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy has been experimentally used for the treatment of many tumors, including pituitary tumors. The current study aimed to screen the key immune-related genes in NF-PitNEts with invasion. Methods We used two cohorts to explore novel biomarkers in NF-PitNEts. The immune infiltration-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on high/low immune scores, which were calculated through the ESTIMATE algorithm. The abundance of immune cells was predicted using the ImmuCellAI database. WGCNA was used to construct a coexpression network of immune cell-related genes. Random forest analysis was used to select the candidate genes associated with invasion. The expression of key genes was verified in external validation set using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR). Results The immune and invasion related DEGs was obtained based on the first dataset of NF-PitNEts (n=112). The immune cell-associated modules in NF-PitNEts were calculate by WGCNA. Random forest analysis was performed on 81 common genes intersected by immune-related genes, invasion-related genes, and module genes. Then, 20 of these genes with the highest RF score were selected to construct the invasion and immune-associated classification model. We found that this model had high prediction accuracy for tumor invasion, which had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value in the training dataset from the first dataset (n=78), the self-test dataset from the first dataset (n=34), and the independent test dataset (n=73) (AUC=0.732/0.653/0.619). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that 8 out of the 20 genes were enriched in multiple signaling pathways. Subsequently, the 8-gene (BMP6, CIB2, FABP5, HOMER2, MAML3, NIN, PRKG2 and SIDT2) classification model was constructed and showed good efficiency in the first dataset (AUC=0.671). In addition, the expression levels of these 8 genes were verified by qRT‒PCR. Conclusion We identified eight key genes associated with invasion and immunity in NF-PitNEts that may play a fundamental role in invasive progression and may provide novel potential immunotherapy targets for NF-PitNEts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulou Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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George Warren W, Osborn M, Yates A, Wright K, E O'Sullivan S. The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2023:103628. [PMID: 37230284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5, or epidermal FABP) is an intracellular chaperone of fatty acid molecules that regulates lipid metabolism and cell growth. In patient-derived tumours, FABP5 expression is increased up to tenfold, often co-expressed with other cancer-related proteins. High tumoral FABP5 expression is associated with poor prognosis. FABP5 activates transcription factors (TFs) leading to increased expression of proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Genetic and pharmacological preclinical studies show that inhibiting FABP5 reduces protumoral markers, whereas elevation of FABP5 promotes tumour growth and spread. Thus, FABP5 might be a valid target for novel therapeutics. The evidence base is currently strongest for liver, prostate, breast, and brain cancers, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which could represent relevant patient populations for any drug discovery programme. Teaser: This review presents the growing evidence that upregulated fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) plays a role in the progression of multiple cancer types, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andy Yates
- Artelo Biosciences, Solana Beach, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wright
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Vujicic I, Rusevski A, Stankov O, Popov Z, Dimovski A, Davalieva K. Potential Role of Seven Proteomics Tissue Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer in Urine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123184. [PMID: 36553191 PMCID: PMC9777474 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the currently available tests for the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa) are still far from providing precise diagnosis and risk stratification, the identification of new molecular marker(s) remains a pertinent clinical need. Candidate PCa biomarkers from the published proteomic comparative studies of prostate tissue (2002-2020) were collected and systematically evaluated. AZGP1, MDH2, FABP5, ENO1, GSTP1, GSTM2, and EZR were chosen for further evaluation in the urine of 85 PCa patients and controls using ELISA. Statistically significant differences in protein levels between PCa and BPH showed FABP5 (p = 0.019) and ENO1 (p = 0.015). A biomarker panel based on the combination of FABP5, ENO1, and PSA provided the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.795) for PCa detection. The combination of FABP5, EZR, AZGP1, and MDH2 showed AUC = 0.889 in PCa prognosis, with 85.29% of the samples correctly classified into low and high Gleason score (GS) groups. The addition of PSA to the panel slightly increased the AUC to 0.914. AZGP1, FABP5, and EZR showed significant correlation with GS, stage, and percentage of positive biopsy cores. Although validation using larger patient cohorts will be necessary to establish the credibility of the proposed biomarker panels in a clinical context, this study opens a way for the further testing of more high-quality proteomics biomarkers, which could ultimately add value to the clinical management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vujicic
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Rusevski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Oliver Stankov
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Zivko Popov
- Clinical Hospital “Acibadem Sistina”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Medical Faculty, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Katarina Davalieva
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Correspondence:
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in metabolic diseases and cancers. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 132:143-174. [PMID: 36088074 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are multipurpose proteins that can modulate lipid fluxes, trafficking, signaling, and metabolism. FABPs regulate metabolic and inflammatory pathways, its inhibition can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In addition, FABPs are involved in obesity, metabolic disease, cardiac dysfunction, and cancers. FABPs are promising tissue biomarkers in solid tumors for diagnostic and/or prognostic targets for novel therapeutic strategies. The signaling responsive elements of FABPs and determinants of FABP-mediated functions may be exploited in preventing or treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Expression of 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase in Brain Tumors and Capability to Catabolize Leucine by Human Neural Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030585. [PMID: 35158853 PMCID: PMC8833481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine is an essential, ketogenic amino acid with proteinogenic, metabolic, and signaling roles. It is readily imported from the bloodstream into the brain parenchyma. Therefore, it could serve as a putative substrate that is complementing glucose for sustaining the metabolic needs of brain tumor cells. Here, we investigated the ability of cultured human cancer cells to metabolize leucine. Indeed, cancer cells dispose of leucine from their environment and enrich their media with the metabolite 2-oxoisocaproate. The enrichment of the culture media with a high level of leucine stimulated the production of 3-hydroxybutyrate. When 13C6-leucine was offered, it led to an increased appearance of the heavier citrate isotope with a molar mass greater by two units in the culture media. The expression of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), an enzyme characteristic for the irreversible part of the leucine catabolic pathway, was detected in cultured cancer cells and human tumor samples by immunoprobing methods. Our results demonstrate that these cancer cells can catabolize leucine and furnish its carbon atoms into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Furthermore, the release of 3-hydroxybutyrate and citrate by cancer cells suggests their capability to exchange these metabolites with their milieu and the capability to participate in their metabolism. This indicates that leucine could be an additional substrate for cancer cell metabolism in the brain parenchyma. In this way, leucine could potentially contribute to the synthesis of metabolites such as lipids, which require the withdrawal of citrate from the TCA cycle.
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Deciphering the Molecular Machinery-Influence of sE-Cadherin on Tumorigenic Traits of Prostate Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101007. [PMID: 34681106 PMCID: PMC8533516 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite recent advances in the therapeutic management of metastasized prostate cancer, disease progression is still inevitable, with often fatal outcomes. Elucidating molecular mechanisms crucial to cancer development and progression is therefore necessary to find ways to interfere in metastatic processes and ultimately improve prognosis. Since soluble (s)E-cadherin is elevated in the serum of patients with prostate cancer, we investigated its influence on prostate cancer cell behavior in vitro. Exposure to sE-cadherin increased the systemic spread of the cells. Thus, targeting sE-cadherin might be a novel and innovative concept to treat advanced PCa. Abstract The serum level of soluble (s)E-cadherin is elevated in several malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). This study was designed to investigate the effects of sE-cadherin on the behavior of PCa cells in vitro, with the aim of identifying a potential therapeutic target. Growth as well as adhesive and motile behavior were evaluated in PC3, DU-145, and LNCaP cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle phases and the surface expression of CD44 variants as well as α and β integrins. Confocal microscopy was utilized to visualize the distribution of CD44 variants within the cells. Western blot was applied to investigate expression of α3 and β1 integrins as well as cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins. Cell growth was significantly inhibited after exposure to 5 µg/mL sE-cadherin and was accompanied by a G0/G1-phase arrest. Adhesion of cells to collagen and fibronectin was mitigated, while motility was augmented. CD44v4, v5, and v7 expression was elevated while α3 and β1 integrins were attenuated. Blocking integrin α3 reduced cell growth and adhesion to collagen but increased motility. sE-cadherin therefore appears to foster invasive tumor cell behavior, and targeting it might serve as a novel and innovative concept to treat advanced PCa.
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You HJ, You BC, Kim JK, Park JM, Song BS, Myung JK. Characterization of Proteins Regulated by Androgen and Protein Kinase a Signaling in VCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101404. [PMID: 34680521 PMCID: PMC8533394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) is involved in normal prostate development and prostate cancer progression. In addition to androgen binding, a variety of protein kinases, including cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), can activate the AR. Although hormone deprivation, especially that of androgen, continues to be an important strategy for treating prostate cancer patients, the disease ultimately progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), despite a continuous hormone-deprived environment. To date, it remains unclear which pathways in this progression are active and targetable. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of VCaP cells stimulated with androgen or forskolin to identify proteins specific for androgen-induced and androgen-bypassing signaling, respectively. Patterns of differentially expressed proteins were quantified, and eight proteins showing significant changes in expression were identified. Functional information, including a Gene Ontology analysis, revealed that most of these proteins are involved in metabolic processes and are associated with cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of selected proteins was validated, and functional correlations of identified proteins with signaling in VCaP cells were assessed by measuring metabolites related to each enzyme. These analyses offered new clues regarding effector molecules involved in prostate cancer development, insights that are supported by the demonstration of increased expression levels of the eight identified proteins in prostate cancer patients and assessments of the progression-free interval. Taken together, our findings show that aberrant levels of eight proteins reflect molecular changes that are significantly regulated by androgen and/or PKA signaling pathways, suggesting possible molecular mechanisms of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Byong-Chul You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jong-Kwang Kim
- Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Bo-Seul Song
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2746
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11
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Zhu W, Jiang H, Xie S, Xiao H, Liu Q, Chen N, Wan P, Lu S. Downregulation of PPA2 expression correlates with poor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12086. [PMID: 34567842 PMCID: PMC8428262 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer. Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate; few studies have reported its significance in cancers. Therefore, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of PPA2 in KIRC. Methods PPA2 expression was detected via immunohistochemistry in a tissue chip containing specimens from 150 patients with KIRC. We evaluated the correlation between PPA2 expression, clinicopathological characteristics, and survival. Data from online databases and another cohort (paraffin-embedded specimens from 10 patients with KIRC) were used for external validation. Results PPA2 expression was significantly lower in KIRC tissues than in normal renal tissues (p < 0.0001). Low expression of PPA2 was significantly associated with a high histologic grade and poor prognosis. The differential expression of PPA2 was validated at the gene and protein levels. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PPA2 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with KIRC. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that decreased expression of PPA2 might be related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in KIRC. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that PPA2 is an important energy metabolism-associated biomarker correlated with a favorable prognosis in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiming Jiang
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoucheng Xie
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanqin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Wan
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Scaglia N, Frontini-López YR, Zadra G. Prostate Cancer Progression: as a Matter of Fats. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719865. [PMID: 34386430 PMCID: PMC8353450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fifth cause of cancer death worldwide. Although survival has improved with second-generation androgen signaling and Parp inhibitors, the benefits are not long-lasting, and new therapeutic approaches are sorely needed. Lipids and their metabolism have recently reached the spotlight with accumulating evidence for their role as promoters of PCa development, progression, and metastasis. As a result, interest in targeting enzymes/transporters involved in lipid metabolism is rapidly growing. Moreover, the use of lipogenic signatures to predict prognosis and resistance to therapy has been recently explored with promising results. Despite the well-known association between obesity with PCa lethality, the underlying mechanistic role of diet/obesity-derived metabolites has only lately been unveiled. Furthermore, the role of lipids as energy source, building blocks, and signaling molecules in cancer cells has now been revisited and expanded in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is heavily influenced by the external environment and nutrient availability. Here, we describe how lipids, their enzymes, transporters, and modulators can promote PCa development and progression, and we emphasize the role of lipids in shaping TME. In a therapeutic perspective, we describe the ongoing efforts in targeting lipogenic hubs. Finally, we highlight studies supporting dietary modulation in the adjuvant setting with the purpose of achieving greater efficacy of the standard of care and of synthetic lethality. PCa progression is "a matter of fats", and the more we understand about the role of lipids as key players in this process, the better we can develop approaches to counteract their tumor promoter activity while preserving their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scaglia
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yesica Romina Frontini-López
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Reva BA, Omelchenko T, Nair SS, Tewari AK. Immune Escape in Prostate Cancer: Known and Predicted Mechanisms and Targets. Urol Clin North Am 2021; 47:e9-e16. [PMID: 33446324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex immune evasion mechanisms and lack of biomarkers predicting responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade therapies compromise immunotherapy's therapeutic efficacy for patients with prostate cancer. The authors review established and nominated immune evasion mechanisms in prostate cancer and discuss how the precise treatment strategies can be developed to improve efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sujit S Nair
- The Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- The Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Chen YY, Zhang XN, Xu CZ, Zhou DH, Chen J, Liu ZX, Sun Y, Huang W, Qu LS. MCCC2 promotes HCC development by supporting leucine oncogenic function. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33407468 PMCID: PMC7788835 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) in the development of tumors is well-established, and the involvement of leucine in the liver is well-known. However, the role of MCCC2 and the correlation between MCCC2 and leucine in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been reported. Methods In this study, the Gepia database was used to evaluate the prognostic value of MCCC2 in HCC. The expression and localization of MCCC2 in HCC cells were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 and transwell assays were carried out to explore the effect of MCCC2 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, mass spectrometry analysis was used to predict the potential cell function of MCCC2 in HCC. Results We found that the expression of MCCC2 increased in HCC tissues and that high expression of MCCC2 could predict poor outcomes in HCC patients. Knockdown expression of MCCC2 in HCC cells could reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in vitro and could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vivo. Interestingly, we found that HCC cells transfected with MCCC2-sgRNA failed to respond to leucine deprivation. Meanwhile, leucine deprivation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells where MCCC2 was present rather than in cells where MCCC2 was absent. In addition, knockdown of MCCC2 significantly reduced the glycolysis markers, glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and acetyl-CoA level, which is a product of leucine metabolism. Furthermore, we found that MCCC2 promotes the activation of ERK. Profiling the MCCC2 binding proteins revealed that MCCC2-associated proteins are enriched in biological processes, such as protein metabolism, energy pathway, and metabolism in HCC cells. Conclusions Our findings revealed that MCCC2 plays a critical role in the development of HCC, and the leucine metabolism pathway might be a novel target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-Zhou Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Blood Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Li-Shuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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15
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O'Sullivan SE, Kaczocha M. FABP5 as a novel molecular target in prostate cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30375-5. [PMID: 32966866 PMCID: PMC8059105 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated lipid signaling is a key factor in prostate cancer (PC), through fatty acid activation of the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), leading to the upregulation of protumoral genes. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular lipid-binding proteins that transport fatty acid to PPARs, facilitating their activation. FABP5 is overexpressed in PC, and correlates with poor patient prognosis and survival. Genetic knockdown or silencing of FABP5 decreases the proliferation and invasiveness of PC cells in vitro, and reduces tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Pharmacological FABP5-specific inhibitors also reduce tumor growth and metastases, and produce synergistic effects with taxanes. In this review, we present current data supporting FABP5 as a novel molecular target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NYH, USA
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16
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He J, Mao Y, Huang W, Li M, Zhang H, Qing Y, Lu S, Xiao H, Li K. Methylcrotonoyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Invasion and Inhibits Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells Through Regulating GLUD1-P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7317-7327. [PMID: 32801758 PMCID: PMC7395692 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in American men, and the mechanisms of development and progression are still not completely clear. Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) was previously identified overexpressed in PCa with lymph node metastasis, but its specific role and mechanisms need further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the role of MCCC2 in PCa cells and its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect MCCC2 mRNA and protein expression in normal prostate epithelium and cancerous cells. Upon manipulation of MCCC2 expression, cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assays and migration and invasion were determined by transwell assays. Changes of apoptosis, cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated by flow cytometry. MCCC2-mediated signaling pathways were screened by bioinformatics and verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of MCCC2 and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) in PCa tissues to analyze their correlation. Results We demonstrated that MCCC2 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion but inhibited apoptosis in PCa cells. In addition, MCCC2 in 22Rv1 cells induced mitochondrial damage. In PCa tissues, MCCC2 overexpression associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) and high Gleason scores (P<0.001). MCCC2 positively correlated with GLUD1 expression in PCa tissues (r=0.435, P<0.001). Ectopic overexpression of MCCC2 up-regulated GLUD1 and p38 MAPK expression, whereas inhibition of MCCC2 decreased GLUD1 and p38 MAPK expression. Conclusion MCCC2 exerts oncogenic function in PCa through regulating GLUD1-p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and it may be a potential treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Mao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Qing
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjun Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
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17
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Dai W, Feng H, Lee D. MCCC2 overexpression predicts poorer prognosis and promotes cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104428. [PMID: 32205097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES Recently, Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) is reported to be involved in tumor formation and progression. However, MCCC2 has nerve been reported in colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MCCC2 in colorectal cancer. METHODS 118 colorectal cancer and matched adjacent normal tissues were enrolled in this study. The expression level of MCCC2 was measured by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinical significance of MCCC2 and its influence on cell proliferation was further analyzed. RESULTS Results shown that the mRNA levels of MCCC2 in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly increased compared with those in normal tissues (P < .0001). MCCC2 high-expression was observed in 56.8% colorectal cancer tissues, which was significantly higher than those in normal controls (9.3%, P < .0001). MCCC2 high-expression correlated with tumor size, T stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation in colorectal cancer (P < .05). Moreover, MCCC2 high-expression predicted poorer prognosis and could be as an independent prognostic factor. In addition, MCCC2 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation compared with these controls, while MCCC2 overexpression could reverse the effect. CONCLUSION These data indicate MCCC2 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and predicts poorer prognosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Dai
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Dukjin, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Fourth Ward of Medical Care Center, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Huiying Feng
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Dukjin, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Dukjin, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Wang FS, Wu WH, Hsiu WS, Liu YJ, Chuang KW. Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling with Protein Expressions of Normal and Cancerous Colorectal Tissues for Oncogene Inference. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010016. [PMID: 31881674 PMCID: PMC7022839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer has historically been regarded as a cell proliferation disorder, it has recently been considered a metabolic disease. The first discovery of metabolic alterations in cancer cells refers to Otto Warburg’s observations. Cancer metabolism results in alterations in metabolic fluxes that are evident in cancer cells compared with most normal tissue cells. This study applied protein expressions of normal and cancer cells to reconstruct two tissue-specific genome-scale metabolic models. Both models were employed in a tri-level optimization framework to infer oncogenes. Moreover, this study also introduced enzyme pseudo-coding numbers in the gene association expression to avoid performing posterior decision-making that is necessary for the reaction-based method. Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the topic of this case study, and 20 top-ranked oncogenes were determined. Notably, these dysregulated genes were involved in various metabolic subsystems and compartments. We found that the average similarity ratio for each dysregulation is higher than 98%, and the extent of similarity for flux changes is higher than 93%. On the basis of surveys of PubMed and GeneCards, these oncogenes were also investigated in various carcinomas and diseases. Most dysregulated genes connect to catalase that acts as a hub and connects protein signaling pathways, such as those involving TP53, mTOR, AKT1, MAPK1, EGFR, MYC, CDK8, and RAS family.
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19
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Carbonetti G, Wilpshaar T, Kroonen J, Studholme K, Converso C, d'Oelsnitz S, Kaczocha M. FABP5 coordinates lipid signaling that promotes prostate cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18944. [PMID: 31831821 PMCID: PMC6908725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is defined by dysregulated lipid signaling and is characterized by upregulation of lipid metabolism-related genes including fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). FASN and MAGL are enzymes that generate cellular fatty acid pools while FABP5 is an intracellular chaperone that delivers fatty acids to nuclear receptors to enhance PCa metastasis. Since FABP5, FASN, and MAGL have been independently implicated in PCa progression, we hypothesized that FABP5 represents a central mechanism linking cytosolic lipid metabolism to pro-metastatic nuclear receptor signaling. Here, we show that the abilities of FASN and MAGL to promote nuclear receptor activation and PCa metastasis are critically dependent upon co-expression of FABP5 in vitro and in vivo. Our findings position FABP5 as a key driver of lipid-mediated metastasis and suggest that disruption of lipid signaling via FABP5 inhibition may constitute a new avenue to treat metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Carbonetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tessa Wilpshaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jessie Kroonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Keith Studholme
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Cynthia Converso
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Simon d'Oelsnitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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20
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Transgelin, a p53 and PTEN-Upregulated Gene, Inhibits the Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194946. [PMID: 31591355 PMCID: PMC6801752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin (TAGLN/SM22-α) is a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, affecting the survival, migration, and apoptosis of various cancer cells divergently; however, the roles of TAGLN in bladder carcinoma cells remain inconclusive. We compared expressions of TAGLN in human bladder carcinoma cells to the normal human bladder tissues to determine the potential biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of TAGLN in bladder carcinoma cells. Results of RT-qPCR and immunoblot assays indicated that TAGLN expressions were higher in bladder smooth muscle cells, fibroblast cells, and normal epithelial cells than in carcinoma cells (RT-4, HT1376, TSGH-8301, and T24) in vitro. Besides, the results of RT-qPCR revealed that TAGLN expressions were higher in normal tissues than the paired tumor tissues. In vitro, TAGLN knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and invasion, while overexpression of TAGLN had the inverse effects in bladder carcinoma cells. Meanwhile, ectopic overexpression of TAGLN attenuated tumorigenesis in vivo. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays showed that TAGLN was predominantly in the cytosol and colocalized with F-actin. Ectopic overexpression of either p53 or PTEN induced TAGLN expression, while p53 knockdown downregulated TAGLN expression in bladder carcinoma cells. Our results indicate that TAGLN is a p53 and PTEN-upregulated gene, expressing higher levels in normal bladder epithelial cells than carcinoma cells. Further, TAGLN inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and blocked tumorigenesis in vivo. Collectively, it can be concluded that TAGLN is an antitumor gene in the human bladder.
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21
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Chen Z, He S, Zhan Y, He A, Fang D, Gong Y, Li X, Zhou L. TGF-β-induced transgelin promotes bladder cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invadopodia formation. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:208-220. [PMID: 31420300 PMCID: PMC6796540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic bladder cancer (BLCA) is a lethal disease with an unmet need for study. Transgelin (TAGLN) is an actin-binding protein that affects the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton indicating its robust potential as a metastasis initiator. Here, we sought to explore the expression pattern of TAGLN and elucidate its specific functioning and mechanisms in BLCA. Methods A comprehensive assessment of TAGLN expression in BLCA was performed in three cohorts with a total of 847 patients. The potential effects of TAGLN on BLCA were further determined using clinical genomic analyses that guided the subsequent functional and mechanistic studies. In vitro migration, invasion assays and in vivo metastatic mouse model were performed to explore the biological functions of TAGLN in BLCA cells. Immunofluorescence, western blot and correlation analysis were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of TAGLN. Findings TAGLN was highly expressed in BLCA and correlated with advanced prognostic features. TAGLN promoted cell colony formation and cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo by inducing invadopodia formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, during which a significant correlation between TAGLN and Slug was observed. The progression-dependent correlation between TGF-β and TAGLN was analysed at both the cellular and tissue levels, while TGF-β-mediated migration was abolished by the suppression of TAGLN. Interpretation Overall, TAGLN is a promising novel prognosis biomarker of BLCA, and its metastatic mechanisms indicate that TAGLN may represent a novel target agent that can be utilized for the clinical management of invasive and metastatic BLCA. Fund This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81772703, 81672546, 81602253]; the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [71772219, 7152146]. and Innovative Fund for Doctoral Students of Peking University Health Science Center (BUM2018BSS002). Funders had no role in the design of the study, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or the writing of this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shiming He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Anbang He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China.
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McKillop IH, Girardi CA, Thompson KJ. Role of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) in cancer development and progression. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109336. [PMID: 31170472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are small, water soluble proteins that bind long chain fatty acids and other biologically active ligands to facilitate intracellular localization. Twelve FABP family members have been identified to date, with 10 isoforms expressed in humans. Functionally, FABPs are important in fatty acid metabolism and transport, with distinct family members having the capacity to influence gene transcription. Expression of FABPs is usually cell/tissue specific to one predominant FABP family member. Dysregulation of FABP expression can occur through genetic mutation and/or environmental-lifestyle influences. In addition to intracellular function, exogenous, circulating FABP expression can occur and is associated with specific disease states such as insulin resistance. A role for FABPs is increasingly being reported in tumor biology with elevated exogenous FABP expression being associated with tumor progression and invasiveness. However, a less clear role has been appreciated for dysregulated FABP expression during cell transformation and early expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Cara A Girardi
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
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Jiang Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, He L, Wei F, Gu Y, Mei W, Zhao K, Yang H, Tang D. FAM84B promotes prostate tumorigenesis through a network alteration. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846372. [PMID: 31205500 PMCID: PMC6535720 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of FAM84B in prostate tumorigenesis and progression. Methods: A FAM84B mutant with deletion of its HRASLS domain (ΔHRASLS) was constructed. DU145 prostate cancer (PC) cells stably expressing an empty vector (EV), FAM84B, or FAM84B (ΔHRASLS) were produced. These lines were examined for proliferation, invasion, and growth in soft agar in vitro. DU145 EV and FAM84B cells were investigated for tumor growth and lung metastasis in NOD/SCID mice. The transcriptome of DU145 EV xenografts (n = 2) and DU145 FAM84B tumors (n = 2) was determined using RNA sequencing, and analyzed for pathway alterations. The FAM84B-affected network was evaluated for an association with PC recurrence. Results: FAM84B but not FAM84B (ΔHRASLS) increased DU145 cell invasion and growth in soft agar. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analyses revealed an interaction between FAM84B and FAM84B (ΔHRASLS), suggesting an intramolecular association among FAM84B molecules. FAM84B significantly enhanced DU145 cell-derived xenografts and lung metastasis. In comparison with DU145 EV cell-produced tumors, those generated by DU145 FAM84B cells showed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs; n = 4976). A total of 51 pathways were enriched in these DEGs, which function in the Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum processes, cell cycle checkpoints, mitochondrial events, and protein translation. A novel 27-gene signature (SigFAM) was derived from these DEGs; SigFAM robustly stratifies PC recurrence in two large PC populations (n = 490, p = 0; n = 140, p = 4e−11), and remains an independent risk factor of PC recurrence after adjusting for age at diagnosis, Gleason scores, surgical margin, and tumor stages. Conclusions: FAM84B promotes prostate tumorigenesis through a complex network that predicts PC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON. Canada Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Hamilton Urologic Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lizhi He
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kuncheng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, T3310, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
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Liu Y, Yuan Z, Song C. Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 overexpression predicts an unfavorable prognosis and promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer. Biomark Med 2019; 13:427-436. [PMID: 30895811 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2), a subunit of 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), is reported to be involved in tumor formation and development. However, the role of MCCC2 in breast cancer is unknown. Materials & methods: MCCC2 expression was examined in 138 cases of breast cancer and matched adjacent normal tissues by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry. The influence of MCCC2 expression on cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Results: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR results show MCCC2 mRNA levels were significantly greater in breast cancer tissues than normal tissues (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that MCCC2 overexpression was significantly associated with Tumor, Node, Metastasis stage and lymph node metastasis and predicted an unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05). CCK-8 and colony formation assay indicated that MCCC2 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation. Discussion & conclusion: These data indicate MCCC2 overexpression predicts an unfavorable prognosis and promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer, which may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province 276800, PR China
| | - Zonghuai Yuan
- People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao City, Shandong Province 276800, PR China
| | - Chuanwei Song
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province 276800, PR China
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25
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Gómez-Cebrián N, Rojas-Benedicto A, Albors-Vaquer A, López-Guerrero JA, Pineda-Lucena A, Puchades-Carrasco L. Metabolomics Contributions to the Discovery of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030048. [PMID: 30857149 PMCID: PMC6468766 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of death among men worldwide. Despite extensive efforts in biomarker discovery during the last years, currently used clinical biomarkers are still lacking enough specificity and sensitivity for PCa early detection, patient prognosis, and monitoring. Therefore, more precise biomarkers are required to improve the clinical management of PCa patients. In this context, metabolomics has shown to be a promising and powerful tool to identify novel PCa biomarkers in biofluids. Thus, changes in polyamines, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acids, and fatty acids metabolism have been reported in different studies analyzing PCa patients' biofluids. The review provides an up-to-date summary of the main metabolic alterations that have been described in biofluid-based studies of PCa patients, as well as a discussion regarding their potential to improve clinical PCa diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, a summary of the most significant findings reported in these studies and the connections and interactions between the different metabolic changes described has also been included, aiming to better describe the specific metabolic signature associated to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gómez-Cebrián
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46012, Spain.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia 46009, Spain.
| | - Ayelén Rojas-Benedicto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46012, Spain.
| | - Arturo Albors-Vaquer
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46012, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46012, Spain.
| | - Leonor Puchades-Carrasco
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46012, Spain.
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26
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Clinical relevance of gene expression in localized and metastatic prostate cancer exemplified by FABP5. World J Urol 2019; 38:637-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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27
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Belczacka I, Latosinska A, Metzger J, Marx D, Vlahou A, Mischak H, Frantzi M. Proteomics biomarkers for solid tumors: Current status and future prospects. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:49-78. [PMID: 29889308 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous multifactorial disease, which continues to be one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite the extensive efforts for establishing accurate diagnostic assays and efficient therapeutic schemes, disease prevalence is on the rise, in part, however, also due to improved early detection. For years, studies were focused on genomics and transcriptomics, aiming at the discovery of new tests with diagnostic or prognostic potential. However, cancer phenotypic characteristics seem most likely to be a direct reflection of changes in protein metabolism and function, which are also the targets of most drugs. Investigations at the protein level are therefore advantageous particularly in the case of in-depth characterization of tumor progression and invasiveness. Innovative high-throughput proteomic technologies are available to accurately evaluate cancer formation and progression and to investigate the functional role of key proteins in cancer. Employing these new highly sensitive proteomic technologies, cancer biomarkers may be detectable that contribute to diagnosis and guide curative treatment when still possible. In this review, the recent advances in proteomic biomarker research in cancer are outlined, with special emphasis placed on the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for solid tumors. In view of the increasing number of screening programs and clinical trials investigating new treatment options, we discuss the molecular connections of the biomarkers as well as their potential as clinically useful tools for diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy monitoring of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Belczacka
- Mosaiques-Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - David Marx
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Transplantation Rénale, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), University of Strasbourg, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
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28
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Vidotto A, Polachini GM, de Paula-Silva M, Oliani SM, Henrique T, López RVM, Cury PM, Nunes FD, Góis-Filho JF, de Carvalho MB, Leopoldino AM, Tajara EH. Differentially expressed proteins in positive versus negative HNSCC lymph nodes. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:73. [PMID: 30157864 PMCID: PMC6114741 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and critical for delineating their treatment. However, clinical and histological criteria for the diagnosis of nodal status remain limited. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of lymph node metastasis from HNSCC patients. Methods In the present study, we used one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis to characterize the proteomic profile of lymph node metastasis from HNSCC. Results Comparison of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes showed 52 differentially expressed proteins associated with neoplastic development and progression. The results reinforced the idea that tumors from different anatomical subsites have dissimilar behaviors, which may be influenced by micro-environmental factor including the lymphatic network. The expression pattern of heat shock proteins and glycolytic enzymes also suggested an effect of the lymph node environment in controlling tumor growth or in metabolic reprogramming of the metastatic cell. Our study, for the first time, provided direct evidence of annexin A1 overexpression in lymph node metastasis of head and neck cancer, adding information that may be useful for diagnosing aggressive disease. Conclusions In brief, this study contributed to our understanding of the metastatic phenotype of HNSCC and provided potential targets for diagnostic in this group of carcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0382-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vidotto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Giovana M Polachini
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Marina de Paula-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira - ICESP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Cury
- Faculdade Ceres (Faceres), Av. Anísio Haddad, 6751, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-305, Brazil
| | - Fabio D Nunes
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José F Góis-Filho
- Instituto do Câncer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, R. Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Marcos B de Carvalho
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Heliópolis, R. Cônego Xavier, 276, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04231-030, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil. .,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.
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29
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Latosinska A, Frantzi M, Merseburger AS, Mischak H. Promise and Implementation of Proteomic Prostate Cancer Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8030057. [PMID: 30158500 PMCID: PMC6174350 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality in men. Despite the broad use of prostate-specific antigen test that resulted in an increase in number of diagnosed cases, disease management needs to be improved. Proteomic biomarkers alone and or in combination with clinical and pathological risk calculators are expected to improve on decreasing the unnecessary biopsies, stratify low risk patients, and predict response to treatment. To this end, significant efforts have been undertaken to identify novel biomarkers that can accurately discriminate between indolent and aggressive cancer forms and indicate those men at high risk for developing prostate cancer that require immediate treatment. In the era of “big data” and “personalized medicine” proteomics-based biomarkers hold great promise to provide clinically applicable tools, as proteins regulate all biological functions, and integrate genomic information with the environmental impact. In this review article, we aim to provide a critical assessment of the current proteomics-based biomarkers for prostate cancer and their actual clinical applicability. For that purpose, a systematic review of the literature published within the last 10 years was performed using the Web of Science Database. We specifically discuss the potential and prospects of use for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive proteomics-based biomarkers, including both body fluid- and tissue-based markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Frantzi
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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30
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Mantsiou A, Vlahou A, Zoidakis J. Tissue proteomics studies in the investigation of prostate cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:593-611. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1491796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mantsiou
- Biotechnology Division,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biotechnology Division,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
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31
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Gao X, Mao YH, Xiao C, Li K, Liu W, Li LY, Pang J. Calpain-2 triggers prostate cancer metastasis via enhancing CRMP4 promoter methylation through NF-κB/DNMT1 signaling pathway. Prostate 2018; 78:682-690. [PMID: 29601651 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-specific death in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We previously reported that collapsing response mediator protein-4 (CRMP4) is a PCa metastasis-suppressor gene and the hypermethylation in CRMP4 promoter is responsible for the transcription repression in metastatic PCa. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of calpain-2 in CRMP4 promoter hypermethylation and its functional modulation in PCa metastasis. METHODS Calpain-2 expression in PCa tissues (n = 87) and its specific mechanisms of functional modulation in CRMP4 expression via limited enzymatic cleavage was investigated. We then focused on the cooperative crosstalk of calpain-2 and NF-κB RelA/p65 in CRMP4 promoter methylation for the initiation of PCa metastasis. Statistical differences between groups were determined using a two-tailed Student's t-test. P < 0.05 indicated statistically significant. RESULTS Calpain-2 was differentially upregulated in metastatic PCa compared with localized PCa. Moreover, calpain-2 cleaved CRMP4 into the N-terminally fragment which promoted migration and invasion in PCa cells via nuclear translocation and activation of E2F1-mediated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression. NF-κB RelA/p65 recruited DNMT1 to bind to and methylate CRMP4 promoter in which Serine276 phosphorylation of p65 was essential. Furthermore, CRMP4 exhibited anti-metastatic function via inhibiting the expression of VEGFC through Semaphorin3B-Neuropilin2 signaling. CONCLUSION Calpain-2 may contribute to the promoter methylation of CRMP4 to repress its transcription, leading to the metastasis of PCa via enhancing VEGFC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hua Mao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liao-Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Feider CL, Nagi C, Yu W, Carter SA, Suliburk J, Cao HST, Eberlin LS. Detection of Metastatic Breast and Thyroid Cancer in Lymph Nodes by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1166-1174. [PMID: 28247296 PMCID: PMC5750372 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has been widely applied to image lipids and metabolites in primary cancer tissues with the purpose of detecting and understanding metabolic changes associated with cancer development and progression. Here, we report the use of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to image metastatic breast and thyroid cancer in human lymph node tissues. Our results show clear alterations in lipid and metabolite distributions detected in the mass spectra profiles from 42 samples of metastatic thyroid tumors, metastatic breast tumors, and normal lymph node tissues. 2D DESI-MS ion images of selected molecular species allowed discrimination and visualization of specific histologic features within tissue sections, including regions of metastatic cancer, adjacent normal lymph node, and fibrosis or adipose tissues, which strongly correlated with pathologic findings. In thyroid cancer metastasis, increased relative abundances of ceramides and glycerophosphoinisitols were observed. In breast cancer metastasis, increased relative abundances of various fatty acids and specific glycerophospholipids were seen. Trends in the alterations in fatty acyl chain composition of lipid species were also observed through detailed mass spectra evaluation and chemical identification of molecular species. The results obtained demonstrate DESI-MSI as a potential clinical tool for the detection of breast and thyroid cancer metastasis in lymph nodes, although further validation is needed. Graphical Abstract Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging is used to differentiate metastatic cancer from adjacent lymph node tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wendong Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stacey A Carter
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hop S Tran Cao
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Tanase CP, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Enciu AM, Necula LG, Preda A, Ismail G, Albulescu R. Prostate cancer proteomics: Current trends and future perspectives for biomarker discovery. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18497-18512. [PMID: 28061466 PMCID: PMC5392345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and fundamental research in prostate cancer - the most common urological cancer in men - is currently entering the proteomic and genomic era. The focus has switched from one single marker (PSA) to panels of biomarkers (including proteins involved in ribosomal function and heat shock proteins). Novel genetic markers (such as Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)-ERG fusion gene mRNA) or prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) had already entered the clinical practice, raising the question whether subsequent protein changes impact the evolution of the disease and the response to treatment. Proteomic technologies such as MALDI-MS, SELDI-MS, i-TRAQ allow a qualitative/quantitative analysis of the proteome variations, in both serum and tumor tissue. A new trend in prostate cancer research is proteomic analysis of prostasomes (prostate-specific exosomes), for the discovery of new biomarkers. This paper provides an update of novel clinical tests used in research and clinical diagnostic, as well as of potential tissue or fluid biomarkers provided by extensive proteomic research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pistol Tanase
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Mihai
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Preda
- Center for Uronephrology and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gener Ismail
- Center of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, Bucharest, Romania
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Shil S, Joshi RS, Joshi CG, Patel AK, Shah RK, Patel N, Jakhesara SJ, Kundu S, Reddy B, Koringa PG, Rank DN. Transcriptomic comparison of primary bovine horn core carcinoma culture and parental tissue at early stage. Vet World 2017; 10:38-55. [PMID: 28246447 PMCID: PMC5301178 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.38-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma or SCC of horn in bovines (bovine horn core carcinoma) frequently observed in Bos indicus affecting almost 1% of cattle population. Freshly isolated primary epithelial cells may be closely related to the malignant epithelial cells of the tumor. Comparison of gene expression in between horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage primary culture using next generation sequencing was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Whole transcriptome sequencing of horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage cells using Ion Torrent PGM were done. Comparative expression and analysis of different genes and pathways related to cancer and biological processes associated with malignancy, proliferating capacity, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, adhesion, cohesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolic pathways were identified. Results: Up-regulated genes in SCC of horn’s early passage cells were involved in transporter activity, catalytic activity, nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity, biogenesis, cellular processes, biological regulation and localization and the down-regulated genes mainly were involved in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and spliceosome activity. Conclusion: The experiment revealed similar transcriptomic nature of horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadindu Shil
- Veterinary Officer (WBAH & VS), West Bengal Animal Resources Development Department, Bankura - 772 152, West Bengal, India; Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - R S Joshi
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - C G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Patel
- Hester Biosciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi K Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Namrata Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Subhash J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Sumana Kundu
- Veterinary Officer, MVC Sarenga, Government of West Bengal, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Reddy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - P G Koringa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - D N Rank
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India; Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Fujita K, Kume H, Matsuzaki K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Nagahara A, Uemura M, Miyagawa Y, Tomonaga T, Nonomura N. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles from high Gleason score prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42961. [PMID: 28211531 PMCID: PMC5314323 DOI: 10.1038/srep42961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microvesicles secreted from various cell types. We aimed to discover a new biomarker for high Gleason score (GS) prostate cancer (PCa) in urinary EVs via quantitative proteomics. EVs were isolated from urine after massage from 18 men (negative biopsy [n = 6], GS 6 PCa [n = 6], or GS 8–9 PCa [n = 6]). EV proteins were labeled with iTRAQ and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We identified 4710 proteins and quantified 3528 proteins in the urinary EVs. Eleven proteins increased in patients with PCa compared to those with negative biopsy (ratio >1.5, p-value < 0.05). Eleven proteins were chosen for further analysis and verified in 29 independent urine samples (negative [n = 11], PCa [n = 18]) using selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring. Among these candidate markers, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) was higher in the cancer group than in the negative group (p-value = 0.009) and was significantly associated with GS (p-value for trend = 0.011). Granulin, AMBP, CHMP4A, and CHMP4C were also higher in men with high GS prostate cancer (p-value < 0.05). FABP5 in urinary EVs could be a potential biomarker of high GS PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kume
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyagawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Lin K, Zhan H, Ma J, Xu K, Wu R, Zhou C, Lin J. Silencing of SRA1 Regulates ER Expression and Attenuates the Growth of Stromal Cells in Ovarian Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:836-843. [PMID: 27694140 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116670036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and its nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) α and ER-β, have important functions in endometriosis, and the transcriptional activity of these receptors is modulated by coactivators and corepressors. The steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1) produces SRA long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and SRA protein (SRAP), which regulate ER expression at the RNA and protein levels in some hormone-dependent tumors via an alternative splicing event. However, only a few are reported on their expressions in endometriosis. Here, we observed that low expression levels of SRA lncRNA and ER-α but relatively high expression levels of SRAP and ER-β were detected in ovarian endometriotic tissues versus normal endometrial tissues. Steroid receptor RNA activator 1-small interfering RNA treatment significantly increased ER-α levels but reduced ER-β levels in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). Furthermore, the treatment can also attenuate the proliferation and promote early apoptosis in these cells. Our results indicate that the regulation of ER via SRA in ovarian endometriosis may play a significant role in the growth of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Lin
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhan
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Ma
- 2 Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- 3 Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Chen G, Zheng H, Qin H, Liang M, Feng K, Wu Z. Differences in atrial fibrillation‑associated proteins between the left and right atrial appendages from patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease: A comparative proteomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4232-4242. [PMID: 27667121 PMCID: PMC5101960 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of proteomic studies have focused on identifying atrial fibrillation (AF)-associated proteins in the right atrium (RA), thus potential differences in AF-associated proteins between the RA and left atrium (LA) remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to perform proteomic analysis to compare the potential differences in AF-associated proteins between the right atrial appendage (RAA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease (RMVD). RAA and LAA tissues were obtained from 18 patients with RMVD (10 with AF) during mitral valve replacement surgery. Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) proteomics analysis was performed using these tissues to identify AF-associated proteins in RAA and LAA. Subsequently, the proteomics data was validated using western blot analysis of nine selected proteins. In RAA, 32 AF-associated proteins were significantly dysregulated (15 upregulated and 17 downregulated). In LAA, 31 AF-associated proteins were significantly dysregulated (13 upregulated and 18 downregulated). Among these AF-associated proteins, 17 were AF-associated in both RAA and LAA, 15 were AF-associated only in RAA, and 14 were AF-associated only in LAA. Amongst the differentially expressed proteins, western blot analysis validated the results for 6 AF-associated proteins, and demonstrated similar distributions in RAA and LAA compared with the 2-D DIGE results. Of these proteins, 2 proteins were AF-associated in both RAA and LAA, 2 were AF-associated only in RAA, and 2 were AF-associated only in LAA. Additionally, the different distributions of AF-associated proteins in the RAA and LAA of patients with RMVD was analyzed, which may reflect the different regulatory mechanisms of the RA and LA in AF. These findings may provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of AF in patients with RMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Han Qin
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Mengya Liang
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Kangni Feng
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Myers JS, von Lersner AK, Sang QXA. Proteomic Upregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase and Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 and Identification of Cancer- and Race-Specific Pathway Associations in Human Prostate Cancer Tissues. J Cancer 2016; 7:1452-64. [PMID: 27471561 PMCID: PMC4964129 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein profiling studies of prostate cancer have been widely used to characterize molecular differences between diseased and non-diseased tissues. When combined with pathway analysis, profiling approaches are able to identify molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer, group patients by cancer subtype, and predict prognosis. This strategy can also be implemented to study prostate cancer in very specific populations, such as African Americans who have higher rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality than other racial groups in the United States. In this study, age-, stage-, and Gleason score-matched prostate tumor specimen from African American and Caucasian American men, along with non-malignant adjacent prostate tissue from these same patients, were compared. Protein expression changes and altered pathway associations were identified in prostate cancer generally and in African American prostate cancer specifically. In comparing tumor to non-malignant samples, 45 proteins were significantly cancer-associated and 3 proteins were significantly downregulated in tumor samples. Notably, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP5) were upregulated in human prostate cancer tissues, consistent with their known functions in prostate cancer progression. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 (ALDH1A3) was also upregulated in tumor samples. The Metastasis Associated Protein 3 (MTA3) pathway was significantly enriched in tumor samples compared to non-malignant samples. While the current experiment was unable to detect statistically significant differences in protein expression between African American and Caucasian American samples, differences in overrepresentation and pathway enrichment were found. Structural components (Cytoskeletal Proteins and Extracellular Matrix Protein protein classes, and Biological Adhesion Gene Ontology (GO) annotation) were overrepresented in African American but not Caucasian American tumors. Additionally, 5 pathways were enriched in African American prostate tumors: the Small Cell Lung Cancer, Platelet-Amyloid Precursor Protein, Agrin, Neuroactive Ligand-Receptor Interaction, and Intrinsic pathways. The protein components of these pathways were either basement membrane proteins or coagulation proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Myers
- 1. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ariana K von Lersner
- 1. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- 1. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.; 2. Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Chen C, Shen H, Zhang LG, Liu J, Cao XG, Yao AL, Kang SS, Gao WX, Han H, Cao FH, Li ZG. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction networks based on proteomics data of prostate cancer. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1576-86. [PMID: 27121963 PMCID: PMC4866967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, using human prostate cancer (PCa) tissue samples to conduct proteomics research has generated a large amount of data; however, only a very small amount has been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we manually carried out the mining of the full text of proteomics literature that involved comparisons between PCa and normal or benign tissue and identified 41 differentially expressed proteins verified or reported more than 2 times from different research studies. We regarded these proteins as seed proteins to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The extended network included one giant network, which consisted of 1,264 nodes connected via 1,744 edges, and 3 small separate components. The backbone network was then constructed, which was derived from key nodes and the subnetwork consisting of the shortest path between seed proteins. Topological analyses of these networks were conducted to identify proteins essential for the genesis of PCa. Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (SLC2A4) had the highest closeness centrality located in the center of each network, and the highest betweenness centrality and largest degree in the backbone network. Tubulin, beta 2C (TUBB2C) had the largest degree in the giant network and subnetwork. In addition, using module analysis of the whole PPI network, we obtained a densely connected region. Functional annotation indicated that the Ras protein signal transduction biological process, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), neurotrophin and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway may play an important role in the genesis and development of PCa. Further investigation of the SLC2A4, TUBB2C proteins, and these biological processes and pathways may therefore provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ge Cao
- Tianjin Binhai New Area Hangu No. 1 High School, Tianjin 300480, P.R. China
| | - An-Liang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shao-San Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Gao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Chen C, Zhang LG, Liu J, Han H, Chen N, Yao AL, Kang SS, Gao WX, Shen H, Zhang LJ, Li YP, Cao FH, Li ZG. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in prostate cancer based on proteomics data. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1545-57. [PMID: 27051295 PMCID: PMC4803245 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We mined the literature for proteomics data to examine the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) through a bioinformatics analysis. We divided the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) into two groups: the group consisting of PCa and benign tissues (P&b) and the group presenting both high and low PCa metastatic tendencies (H&L). In the P&b group, we found 320 DEPs, 20 of which were reported more than three times, and DES was the most commonly reported. Among these DEPs, the expression levels of FGG, GSN, SERPINC1, TPM1, and TUBB4B have not yet been correlated with PCa. In the H&L group, we identified 353 DEPs, 13 of which were reported more than three times. Among these DEPs, MDH2 and MYH9 have not yet been correlated with PCa metastasis. We further confirmed that DES was differentially expressed between 30 cancer and 30 benign tissues. In addition, DEPs associated with protein transport, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction pathway were prevalent in the H&L group and have not yet been studied in detail in this context. Proteins related to homeostasis, the wound-healing response, focal adhesions, and the complement and coagulation pathways were overrepresented in both groups. Our findings suggest that the repeatedly reported DEPs in the two groups may function as potential biomarkers for detecting PCa and predicting its aggressiveness. Furthermore, the implicated biological processes and signaling pathways may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCa carcinogenesis and metastasis and provide new targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Liang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-San Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xing Gao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Peng Li
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
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Duscharla D, Bhumireddy SR, Lakshetti S, Pospisil H, Murthy PVLN, Walther R, Sripadi P, Ummanni R. Prostate Cancer Associated Lipid Signatures in Serum Studied by ESI-Tandem Mass Spectrometryas Potential New Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150253. [PMID: 26958841 PMCID: PMC4784901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one amongst the most common cancersin western men. Incidence rate ofPCa is on the rise worldwide. The present study deals with theserum lipidome profiling of patients diagnosed with PCa to identify potential new biomarkers. We employed ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS for identification of significantly altered lipids in cancer patient’s serum compared to controls. Lipidomic data revealed 24 lipids are significantly altered in cancer patinet’s serum (n = 18) compared to normal (n = 18) with no history of PCa. By using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) we could clearly separate cancer patients from control group. Correlation and partition analysis along with Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) have identified that PC (39:6) and FA (22:3) could classify samples with higher certainty. Both the lipids, PC (39:6) and FA (22:3) could influence the cataloging of patients with 100% sensitivity (all 18 control samples are classified correctly) and 77.7% specificity (of 18 tumor samples 4 samples are misclassified) with p-value of 1.612×10−6 in Fischer’s exact test. Further, we performed GC-MS to denote fatty acids altered in PCa patients and found that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) levels are altered in PCa. We also performed an in vitro proliferation assay to determine the effect of ALA in survival of classical human PCa cell lines LNCaP and PC3. We hereby report that the altered lipids PC (39:6) and FA (22:3) offer a new set of biomarkers in addition to the existing diagnostic tests that could significantly improve sensitivity and specificity in PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Duscharla
- Center for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudarshana Reddy Bhumireddy
- Centre for Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sridhar Lakshetti
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Heike Pospisil
- High Performance Computing in Life Sciences, Technical University, Wildau, Germany
| | - P. V. L. N. Murthy
- Department of Urology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- Centre for Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Center for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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Wang XF, Zhang XY, Gao X, Liu XX, Wang YH. Proteomic Profiling of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Rat Pneumonia Model. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 69:285-92. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- The Graduate College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University
| | - Xiao-Xue Liu
- The Graduate College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yi-Huan Wang
- The Graduate College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Sayar N, Karahan G, Konu O, Bozkurt B, Bozdogan O, Yulug IG. Transgelin gene is frequently downregulated by promoter DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:104. [PMID: 26421063 PMCID: PMC4587865 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CpG hypermethylation in gene promoters is a frequent mechanism of tumor suppressor gene silencing in various types of cancers. It usually occurs at early steps of cancer progression and can be detected easily, giving rise to development of promising biomarkers for both detection and progression of cancer, including breast cancer. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA) is a DNA demethylating and anti-cancer agent resulting in induction of genes suppressed via DNA hypermethylation. Results Using microarray expression profiling of AZA- or DMSO-treated breast cancer and non-tumorigenic breast (NTB) cells, we identified for the first time TAGLN gene as a target of DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer. TAGLN expression was significantly and frequently downregulated via promoter DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer cells compared to NTB cells, and also in 13/21 (61.9 %) of breast tumors compared to matched normal tissues. Analyses of public microarray methylation data showed that TAGLN was also hypermethylated in 63.02 % of tumors compared to normal tissues; relapse-free survival of patients was worse with higher TAGLN methylation; and methylation levels could discriminate between tumors and healthy tissues with 83.14 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity. Additionally, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that TAGLN expression was significantly downregulated in two more independent sets of breast tumors compared to normal tissues and was lower in tumors with poor prognosis. Colony formation was increased in TAGLN silenced NTB cells, while decreased in overexpressing BC cells. Conclusions TAGLN gene is frequently downregulated by DNA hypermethylation, and TAGLN promoter methylation profiles could serve as a future diagnostic biomarker, with possible clinical impact regarding the prognosis in breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0138-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sayar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurbet Karahan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Bozkurt
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onder Bozdogan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isik G Yulug
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Mischak H, Critselis E, Hanash S, Gallagher WM, Vlahou A, Ioannidis JPA. Epidemiologic design and analysis for proteomic studies: a primer on -omic technologies. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:635-47. [PMID: 25792606 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteome analysis is increasingly being used in investigations elucidating the molecular basis of disease, identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers, and ultimately improving patient care. We appraised the current status of proteomic investigations using human samples, including the state of the art in proteomic technologies, from sample preparation to data evaluation approaches, as well as key epidemiologic, statistical, and translational issues. We systematically reviewed the most highly cited clinical proteomic studies published between January 2009 and March 2014 that included a minimum of 100 samples, as well as strategies that have been successfully implemented to enhance the translational relevance of proteomic investigations. Limited comparability between studies and lack of specification of biomarker context of use are frequently observed. Nevertheless, there are initial examples of successful biomarker discovery in cross-sectional studies followed by validation in high-risk longitudinal cohorts. Translational potential is currently hindered, as limitations in proteomic investigations are not accounted for. Interdisciplinary communication between proteomics experts, basic researchers, epidemiologists, and clinicians, an orchestrated assimilation of required resources, and a more systematic translational outlook for accumulation of evidence may augment the public health impact of proteomic investigations.
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He YD, Luo ZH, Yang M, Ruan XX, Liu SY, Wu ZQ, Deng WM, Shao CK, Su ZL, He D, Gao X, Li LY. Prospective validation of DACH2 as a novel biomarker for prediction of metastasis and prognosis in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:416-23. [PMID: 25744029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death from muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), and the metastatic potential of tumors is often unpredictable. The role of Dachshund homolog 2 gene (DACH2) in tumorigenesis remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether DACH2 can be used as a biomarker to predict metastasis and prognosis of muscle-invasive UCB in a sequential training and validation fashion. For the training set (n = 40), compared with UCB patients without lymph node (LN) metastasis, both DACH2 protein and mRNA expression were greatly increased in case-matched patients with LN metastasis. For the independent validation set (n = 243), patients with primary UCB that did not express DACH2 had a longer metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) than did those with tumors expressing DACH2 (5-year MFS: 88% [95% CI 80-96] versus 19% [95% CI 7-31], p < 0.001; 5-year OS: 93% [95% CI 87-99] versus 37% [95% CI 23-51], p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of DACH2 status showed hazard ratios of 7.34 (95% CI 3.15-11.87, p < 0.001) for MFS and 3.96 (95% CI 2.04-7.16, p < 0.001) for OS which were much higher than hazard ratios associated with other independent risk factors. Collectively, DACH2 is an independent prognostic marker that can be used at initial diagnosis of UCB to identify patients who have a high potential to develop metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di He
- Center of Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zi-Huan Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Medicine, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xing-Xing Ruan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Foshan First Municipal People's Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Wu
- Department of Urology, Foshan First Municipal People's Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Wei-Ming Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zu-Lan Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Liao-Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Identification and validation of potential new biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis using 2D-DIGE and MS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:454256. [PMID: 25667921 PMCID: PMC4312578 DOI: 10.1155/2015/454256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify and validate potential new biomarkers for prostate cancer and to distinguish patients with and without biochemical relapse. Prostate tissue samples analyzed by 2D-DIGE (two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed downregulation of secernin-1 (P < 0.044) in prostate cancer, while vinculin showed significant upregulation (P < 0.001). Secernin-1 overexpression in prostate tissue was validated using Western blot and immunohistochemistry while vinculin expression was validated using immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate that secernin-1 and vinculin are potential new tissue biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. For validation, protein levels in urine were also examined by Western blot analysis. Urinary vinculin levels in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher than in urine from nontumor patients (P = 0.006). Using multiple reaction monitoring-MS (MRM-MS) analysis, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) showed significant higher levels in the urine of prostate cancer patients compared to controls (P = 0.012), while galectin-3 showed significant lower levels in the urine of prostate cancer patients with biochemical relapse, compared to those without relapse (P = 0.017). Three proteins were successfully differentiated between patients with and without prostate cancer and patients with and without relapse by using MRM. Thus, this technique shows promise for implementation as a noninvasive clinical diagnostic technique.
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Naito S, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. The glomerular parietal epithelial cell's responses are influenced by SM22 alpha levels. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:174. [PMID: 25376243 PMCID: PMC4247743 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown in several diseases initially affecting podocytes, that the neighboring glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are secondarily involved. The PEC response might be reparative under certain circumstances, yet injurious under others. The factors governing these are not well understood. We have shown that SM22α, an actin-binding protein considered a marker of smooth muscle differentiation, is upregulated in podocytes and PECs in several models of podocyte disease. However, the impact of SM22α levels on PECs is not known. Methods Experimental glomerular disease, characterized by primary podocyte injury, was induced in aged-matched SM22α +/+ and SM22α -/- mice by intraperitoneal injection of sheep anti-rabbit glomeruli antibody. Immunostaining methods were employed on days 7 and 14 of disease. Results The number of PEC transition cells, defined as cells co-expressing a PEC protein (PAX2) and podocyte protein (Synaptopodin) was higher in diseased SM22α -/- mice compared with SM22α +/+ mice. WT1 staining along Bowman’s capsule is higher in diseased SM22α -/- mice. This was accompanied by increased PEC proliferation (measured by ki-67 staining), and an increase in immunostaining for the progenitor marker NCAM, in a subpopulation of PECs in diseased SM22α -/- mice. In addition, immunostaining for vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), was lower in diseased SM22α -/- mice compared to diseased SM22α+/+ mice. Conclusion SM22α levels may impact how PECs respond following a primary podocyte injury in experimental glomerular disease. Absent/lower levels favor an increase in PEC transition cells and PECs expressing a progenitor marker, and a lower EMT rate compared to SM22α +/+ mice, where SM22 levels are markedly increased in PECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356521, 1959 NE Pacific St,, Seattle, WA 98195-6521, USA.
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Lee JG, McKinney KQ, Pavlopoulos AJ, Park JH, Hwang S. Identification of anti-metastatic drug and natural compound targets in isogenic colorectal cancer cells. J Proteomics 2014; 113:326-36. [PMID: 25451013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment often remain challenging due to the cumulative risk derived from metastasis, which has been described as an aggressive state of cancer cell proliferation often resulting in failure of clinical therapy. In the current study, anti-metastatic properties of three chemotherapeutic drugs and three compounds from natural sources were investigated by comparative proteomic analysis. Proteomic profile comparison of the isogenic primary and metastatic colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 identified two potential metastasis related molecular targets: fatty acid synthase and histone H4. To demonstrate their biological roles in cancer metastasis, the expression of these target genes was suppressed by siRNA transfection. Subsequent cell migration assays demonstrated reduced migratory effects. SW620 cells were treated with six anti-cancerous components. Through comprehensive proteomic analysis, three of the tested compounds, oxaliplatin, ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 and curcumin, were revealed to have a suppressive effect on FASN and histone H4 expression. SW620 cells treated with these drugs showed significantly reduced migratory activity, which suggests that drug-induced targeted suppression of these genes may affect cell migration. The validity of the proteomic datasets was verified by knowledgebase pathway analysis and immunoblotting assays. The anti-metastatic components revealed by the current proteomic analysis represent promising chemotherapeutic candidates for the treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current study demonstrates anti-metastatic activity of chemotherapeutics and natural components by the suppression of target molecules, fatty acid synthase and histone H4 identified by a comparative proteomic analysis employing the isogenic primary and metastatic colon cancer cell lines, SW480 and SW620. Three tested drugs, namely, oxaliplatin, ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 and curcumin were revealed to possess suppressive effects on fatty acid synthase and histone H4 and reduce metastasis as determined by cell migration assay. Data were confirmed by the correlation between spectral counts from proteomic data and Western blot analysis, which were in good agreement with immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gyun Lee
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, United States
| | - Kimberly Q McKinney
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, United States
| | - Antonis J Pavlopoulos
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, United States
| | - Jeong-Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sunil Hwang
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, United States.
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Deng BG, Yao JH, Liu QY, Feng XJ, Liu D, Zhao L, Tu B, Yang F. Comparative serum proteomic analysis of serum diagnosis proteins of colorectal cancer based on magnetic bead separation and maldi-tof mass spectrometry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:6069-75. [PMID: 24289627 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.6069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) requires a colorectal biopsy which is an invasive procedure. We undertook this pilot study to develop an alternative method and potential new biomarkers for diagnosis, and validated a set of well-integrated tools called ClinProt to investigate the serum peptidome in CRC patients. METHODS Fasting blood samples from 67 patients diagnosed with CRC by histological diagnosis, 55 patients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma by biopsy, and 65 healthy volunteers were collected. Division was into a model construction group and an external validation group randomly. The present work focused on serum proteomic analysis of model construction group by ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry. This approach allowed construction of a peptide pattern able to differentiate the studied populations. An external validation group was used to verify the diagnostic capability of the peptidome pattern blindly. An immunoassay method was used to determine serum CEA of CRC and controls. RESULTS The results showed 59 differential peptide peaks in CRC, colorectal adenoma and health volunteers. A genetic algorithm was used to set up the classification models. Four of the identified peaks at m/z 797, 810, 4078 and 5343 were used to construct peptidome patterns, achieving an accuracy of 100% (> CEA, P < 0. 05). Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could differentiate the validation group with high accuracy close to 100%. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that proteomic analysis of serum with MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reproducible approach, which may provide a novel approach to screening for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Guo Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China E-mail :
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50
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Fillmore RA, Kojima C, Johnson C, Kolcun G, Dangott LJ, Zimmer WE. New concepts concerning prostate cancer screening. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:793-804. [PMID: 24928864 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214539091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (CaP) is rapidly becoming a worldwide health issue. While CaP mortality has decreased in recent years, coincident with the widespread use of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening, it remains the most common solid tumor in men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The frequency of CaP is growing not only in western cultures, but also its incidence is dramatically increasing in eastern nations. Recently, examination of data from long-term trials and follow up has cast a shadow on the effectiveness of employing PSA as a primary screening tool for CaP. In this review, we not only summarize opinions from this examination and synthesize recommendations from several groups that suggest strategies for utilizing PSA as a tool, but also call for research into biomarkers for CaP diagnosis and disease progression. We also describe our recent work that identified a smooth muscle contractile protein in prostate epithelia, namely smooth muscle gamma actin, and indicate the potential for this molecule as a new unique footprint and as a CaP marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Fillmore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast, Long Beach MS 39560, USA
| | - Chinatsu Kojima
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Chevaun Johnson
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Georgina Kolcun
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, TX 77843, USA
| | - Warren E Zimmer
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843 Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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