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Parmaki S, Tsipa A, Vasquez MI, Gonçalves JMJ, Hadjiadamou I, Ferreira FC, Afonso CAM, Drouza C, Koutinas M. Resolution of alkaloid racemate: a novel microbial approach for the production of enantiopure lupanine via industrial wastewater valorization. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:67. [PMID: 32169079 PMCID: PMC7071741 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupanine is a plant toxin contained in the wastewater of lupine bean processing industries, which could be used for semi-synthesis of various novel high added-value compounds. This paper introduces an environmental friendly process for microbial production of enantiopure lupanine. RESULTS Previously isolated P. putida LPK411, R. rhodochrous LPK211 and Rhodococcus sp. LPK311, holding the capacity to utilize lupanine as single carbon source, were employed as biocatalysts for resolution of racemic lupanine. All strains achieved high enantiomeric excess (ee) of L-(-)-lupanine (> 95%), while with the use of LPK411 53% of the initial racemate content was not removed. LPK411 fed with lupanine enantiomers as single substrates achieved 92% of D-(+)-lupanine biodegradation, whereas L-(-)-lupanine was not metabolized. Monitoring the transcriptional kinetics of the luh gene in cultures supplemented with the racemate as well as each of the enantiomers supported the enantioselectivity of LPK411 for D-(+)-lupanine biotransformation, while (trans)-6-oxooctahydro-1H-quinolizine-3-carboxylic acid was detected as final biodegradation product from D-(+)-lupanine use. Ecotoxicological assessment demonstrated that lupanine enantiomers were less toxic to A. fischeri compared to the racemate exhibiting synergistic interaction. CONCLUSIONS The biological chiral separation process of lupanine presented here constitutes an eco-friendly and low-cost alternative to widely used chemical methods for chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Parmaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Str., 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - João M J Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ioanna Hadjiadamou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Frederico C Ferreira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chrysoulla Drouza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Michalis Koutinas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Green BT, Lee ST, Gardner DR, Welch KD, Cook D. Bioactive Alkaloids from Plants Poisonous to Livestock in North America. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T. Green
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Stephen T. Lee
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
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Toxins as tools: Fingerprinting neuronal pharmacology. Neurosci Lett 2018; 679:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Welch KD, Lee ST, Cook D, Gardner DR, Pfister JA. Chemical Analysis of Plants that Poison Livestock: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3308-3314. [PMID: 29557651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poisonous plants have a devastating impact on the livestock industry as well as human health. To fully understand the effects of poisonous plants, multiple scientific disciplines are required. Chemical analysis of plant secondary compounds is key to identifying the responsible toxins, characterizing their metabolism, and understanding their effects on animals and humans. In this review, we highlight some of the successes in studying poisonous plants and mitigating their toxic effects. We also highlight some of the remaining challenges and opportunities with regards to the chemical analysis of poisonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - James A Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
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Hotti H, Rischer H. The killer of Socrates: Coniine and Related Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111962. [PMID: 29135964 PMCID: PMC6150177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coniine, a polyketide-derived alkaloid, is poisonous to humans and animals. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, which leads to inhibition of the nervous system, eventually causing death by suffocation in mammals. Coniine’s most famous victim is Socrates who was sentenced to death by poison chalice containing poison hemlock in 399 BC. In chemistry, coniine holds two historical records: It is the first alkaloid the chemical structure of which was established (in 1881), and that was chemically synthesized (in 1886). In plants, coniine and twelve closely related alkaloids are known from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.), and several Sarracenia and Aloe species. Recent work confirmed its biosynthetic polyketide origin. Biosynthesis commences by carbon backbone formation from butyryl-CoA and two malonyl-CoA building blocks catalyzed by polyketide synthase. A transamination reaction incorporates nitrogen from l-alanine and non-enzymatic cyclization leads to γ-coniceine, the first hemlock alkaloid in the pathway. Ultimately, reduction of γ-coniceine to coniine is facilitated by NADPH-dependent γ-coniceine reductase. Although coniine is notorious for its toxicity, there is no consensus on its ecological roles, especially in the carnivorous pitcher plants where it occurs. Lately there has been renewed interest in coniine’s medical uses particularly for pain relief without an addictive side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Hotti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland.
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Panter KE. Plant alkaloids that cause developmental defects through the disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:235-46. [PMID: 24339035 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of a developing embryo or fetus to alkaloids from plants, plant products, or plant extracts has the potential to cause developmental defects in humans and animals. These defects may have multiple causes, but those induced by piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloids arise from the inhibition of fetal movement and are generally referred to as multiple congenital contracture-type deformities. These skeletal deformities include arthrogyrposis, kyposis, lordosis, scoliosis, and torticollis, associated secondary defects, and cleft palate. Structure-function studies have shown that plant alkaloids with a piperidine ring and a minimum of a three-carbon side-chain α to the piperidine nitrogen are teratogenic. Further studies determined that an unsaturation in the piperidine ring, as occurs in gamma coniceine, or anabaseine, enhances the toxic and teratogenic activity, whereas the N-methyl derivatives are less potent. Enantiomers of the piperidine teratogens, coniine, ammodendrine, and anabasine, also exhibit differences in biological activity, as shown in cell culture studies, suggesting variability in the activity due to the optical rotation at the chiral center of these stereoisomers. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism at the nicotinic pharmacophore and biological activities, as it is currently understood, of a group of piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid teratogens that impart a series of flexure-type skeletal defects and cleft palate in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, Utah, 84321
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Welch KD, Lee ST, Panter KE, Gardner DR, Knoppel EL, Green BT, Hammond CK, Hammond ZJ, Pfister JA. Studies on the teratogenicity of anabasine in a rat model. Toxicon 2014; 87:32-7. [PMID: 24905648 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of plant toxins have been shown to be teratogenic to livestock. The teratogenic action of some of these alkaloids is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). However, for many of these alkaloids it is difficult to obtain sufficient quantities of individual alkaloids to perform teratology studies in livestock species. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine if a rat model can be utilized to characterize the teratogenic nature of individual plant toxins that are nAChR agonists. In this study, we evaluated the teratogenicity of anabasine by feeding pregnant rats anabasine-containing rodent chow from gestational day (GD) 6-21. On GD21, the dams were euthanized and the gravid uteri were removed. The gravid uteri and individual pups were weighed. The pups were evaluated for bone malformations including cleft palate and scoliosis. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the rat is not a good model to study the teratogenicity of plant toxins that are nAChR agonists. It is possible that in the rat model, anabasine administered orally via the chow may not result in sufficient reduction in fetal movement to cause the significant malformations observed in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - K E Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - E L Knoppel
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - B T Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - C K Hammond
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Z J Hammond
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
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Couvertier SM, Weerapana E. Cysteine-reactive chemical probes based on a modular 4-aminopiperidine scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00289f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tri-substituted 4-aminopiperidine provides a modular and versatile scaffold for the generation of cysteine-reactive probes for diverse proteins.
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Green BT, Welch KD, Panter KE, Lee ST. Plant toxins that affect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a review. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1129-38. [PMID: 23848825 DOI: 10.1021/tx400166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of chemical compounds termed secondary metabolites that are not involved in basic metabolism, photosynthesis, or reproduction. These compounds are used as flavors, fragrances, insecticides, dyes, hallucinogens, nutritional supplements, poisons, and pharmaceutical agents. However, in some cases these secondary metabolites found in poisonous plants perturb biological systems. Ingestion of toxins from poisonous plants by grazing livestock often results in large economic losses to the livestock industry. The chemical structures of these compounds are diverse and range from simple, low molecular weight toxins such as oxalate in halogeton to the highly complex norditerpene alkaloids in larkspurs. While the negative effects of plant toxins on people and the impact of plant toxins on livestock producers have been widely publicized, the diversity of these toxins and their potential as new pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of diseases in people and animals has also received widespread interest. Scientists are actively screening plants from all regions of the world for bioactivity and potential pharmaceuticals for the treatment or prevention of many diseases. In this review, we focus the discussion to those plant toxins extensively studied at the USDA Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory that affect the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors including species of Delphinium (Larkspurs), Lupinus (Lupines), Conium (poison hemlock), and Nicotiana (tobaccos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA
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