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Brown S, Marchi S, Thomas CS, Hale AR, Lockart M, Bowman MK, Christou G, Woski SA, Vincent JB. Forming a chromium-based interstrand DNA crosslink: Implications for carcinogenicity. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112439. [PMID: 38039560 PMCID: PMC10872647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of the carcinogen chromate has been proposed to lead to three Cr(III)-containing DNA lesions: binary adducts (Cr(III) and DNA), interstrand crosslinks, and ternary adducts (Cr(III) linking DNA to a small molecule or protein). Although the structures of binary adducts have recently been elucidated, the structures of interstrand crosslinks and ternary adducts are not known. Analysis of Cr(III) binding to an oligonucleotide duplex containing a 5'-CG site allows elucidation of the structure of an oxide- or hydroxide-bridged binuclear Cr(III) assembly bridging the two strands of DNA. One Cr(III) is directly coordinated by the N-7 atom of a guanine residue, and the complex straddles the helix to form a hydrogen bond between another guanine residue and a Cr(III)-bound aquo ligand. No involvement of the phosphate backbone was observed. The properties and stability of this Cr-O(H)-Cr-bridged complex differ significantly from those reported for Cr-induced interstrand crosslinks, suggesting that interstrand crosslinks resulting from chromate reduction may be organic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - Sydney Marchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - C Sumner Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - Ashlyn R Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Molly Lockart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
| | - Michael K Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Stephen A Woski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - John B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
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2
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Mezencev R, Gibbons C. Interactions between chromium species and DNA in vitro and their potential role in the toxicity of hexavalent chromium. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad045. [PMID: 37491700 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal studies have supported the carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]; however, molecular changes responsible for the induction of cancer by Cr(VI) are not entirely understood. Numerous mechanistic studies suggested the role of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis; however, specific types of DNA damage have not yet been conclusively attributed to specific chromium species or other reactive byproducts generated in biological systems exposed to Cr(VI). Due to the remarkably complex chemistry and biological effects of chromium species generated through the intracellular reduction of Cr(VI), their relevance for Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated and continues to be a subject of ongoing discussions in the field. In this report, we describe a complex world of chromium species and their reactivity with DNA and other biologically relevant molecules in vitro to inform a more complete understanding of Cr(VI)-mediated toxicity. In addition, we discuss previous results in the context of in vitro models and analytical methods to reconcile some conflicting findings on the biological role of chromium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mezencev
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Gibbons
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Krawic C, Zhitkovich A. Chemical mechanisms of DNA damage by carcinogenic chromium(VI). ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:25-46. [PMID: 36858775 PMCID: PMC10069994 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a firmly established human carcinogen with documented exposures in many professional groups. Environmental exposure to Cr(VI) is also a significant public health concern. Cr(VI) exists in aqueous solutions as chromate anion that is unreactive with DNA and requires reductive activation inside the cells to produce genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Reduction of Cr(VI) in cells is nonenzymatic and in vivo principally driven by ascorbate with a secondary contribution from nonprotein thiols glutathione and cysteine. In addition to its much faster rate of reduction, ascorbate-driven metabolism avoids the formation of Cr(V) which is the first intermediate in Cr(VI) reduction by thiols. The end-product of Cr(VI) reduction is Cr(III) which forms several types of Cr-DNA adducts that are collectively responsible for all mutagenic and genotoxic effects in Cr(VI) reactions with ascorbate and thiols. Some Cr(V) forms can react with H2O2 to produce DNA-oxidizing peroxo species although this genotoxic pathway is suppressed in cells with physiological levels of ascorbate. Chemical reactions of Cr(VI) with ascorbate or thiols lack directly DNA-oxidizing metabolites. The formation of oxidative DNA breaks in early studies of these reactions was caused by iron contamination. Production of Cr(III)-DNA adducts in cells showed linear dose-dependence irrespective of the predominant reduction pathway and their processing by mismatch repair generated more toxic secondary genetic lesions in euchromatin. Overall, Cr(III)-DNA adduction is the dominant pathway for the formation of genotoxic and mutagenic DNA damage by carcinogenic Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Krawic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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Zhang Y, Zheng P, Su Z, Hu G, Jia G. Perspectives of Genetic Damage and Epigenetic Alterations by Hexavalent Chromium: Time Evolution Based on a Bibliometric Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:684-694. [PMID: 33663212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Compounds containing hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] have been classified as Group I human carcinogens in 1990 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, known to induce human lung cancers. To determine the nature of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis, much has been learned about genetic damage and epigenetic alterations. On the basis of bibliometric analysis of the available literature found between 1966 and 2020, the present study investigated the evolution of author keywords; provided a summary of relevant studies focused on populations, animals/plants, or cells; and depicted the co-operation among countries or institutions and research group development. Additionally, multiomics technology and bioinformatics analysis can be a valuable tool for figuring out new biomarkers from different molecular levels like gene, RNA, protein, and metabolite and ascertaining the mechanism pathways of Cr(VI) genotoxicity and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zekang Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Fathima A, Manikandamathavan VM, Jonnalagadda RR, Unni Nair B. Chromium-catechin complex, synthesis and toxicity check using bacterial models. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04563. [PMID: 32793825 PMCID: PMC7415841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium-catechin complex was synthesized by reacting [Cr(H2O)6]2+ (hexa-aqua) with catechin as a ligand. Toxicity studies were carried out for the complex using bacterial models for safer application of this complex in the future as a drug. Chromium-catechin complex was characterized using ESI Mass spectrometry, electronic spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The complex was found mildly inhibitory towards B. subtilis with the mode of action being oxidative damage, targeting cell membrane. The complex was supportive towards E. coli, which was evident from the growth profile and inhibition studies. SEM analysis supported the results of membrane integrity studies, where the bacterial liposomes upon treatment with the complex revealed slight morphological changes in the case of B. subtilis, without any change in the case of E. coli. The toxicity studies on chromium-catechin complex using bacterial model saves time, as well as resources by providing quick and reliable results, which could ease up the work to be done in future with higher group of organisms like animal model. Therefore, in the future, this complex can be used as an antidiabetic drug after performing toxicity studies with animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafreen Fathima
- Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Raghava Rao Jonnalagadda
- Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Balachandran Unni Nair
- Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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Zablon HA, VonHandorf A, Puga A. Chromium exposure disrupts chromatin architecture upsetting the mechanisms that regulate transcription. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:752-757. [PMID: 30935235 PMCID: PMC6567585 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219839953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This mini-review highlights current evidence on the mechanisms through which hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) disrupts transcriptional regulation, an emerging area of interest and one of the central processes by which chromium induces carcinogenesis. Several studies have shown that Cr(VI) causes widespread DNA damage and disrupts epigenetic signatures, suggesting that chromatin may be a direct Cr(VI) target. The findings discussed here suggest that Cr(VI) disrupts transcriptional regulation by causing genomic architecture changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesbon A Zablon
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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7
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Tdp1 processes chromate-induced single-strand DNA breaks that collapse replication forks. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007595. [PMID: 30148840 PMCID: PMC6128646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] damages DNA and causes cancer, but it is unclear which DNA damage responses (DDRs) most critically protect cells from chromate toxicity. Here, genome-wide quantitative functional profiling, DDR measurements and genetic interaction assays in Schizosaccharomyces pombe reveal a chromate toxicogenomic profile that closely resembles the cancer chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT), which traps Topoisomerase 1 (Top1)-DNA covalent complex (Top1cc) at the 3’ end of single-stand breaks (SSBs), resulting in replication fork collapse. ATR/Rad3-dependent checkpoints that detect stalled and collapsed replication forks are crucial in Cr(VI)-treated cells, as is Mus81-dependent sister chromatid recombination (SCR) that repairs single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) at broken replication forks. Surprisingly, chromate resistance does not require base excision repair (BER) or interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair, nor does co-elimination of XPA-dependent nucleotide excision repair (NER) and Rad18-mediated post-replication repair (PRR) confer chromate sensitivity in fission yeast. However, co-elimination of Tdp1 tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase and Rad16-Swi10 (XPF-ERCC1) NER endonuclease synergistically enhances chromate toxicity in top1Δ cells. Pnk1 polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (PNKP), which restores 3’-hydroxyl ends to SSBs processed by Tdp1, is also critical for chromate resistance. Loss of Tdp1 ameliorates pnk1Δ chromate sensitivity while enhancing the requirement for Mus81. Thus, Tdp1 and PNKP, which prevent neurodegeneration in humans, repair an important class of Cr-induced SSBs that collapse replication forks. Hexavalent chromium is a carcinogen that is found at toxic waste sites and in some groundwater supplies. Cellular metabolism converts chromium into DNA-damaging chromate, but it is unclear which types of chromate-DNA lesions are most dangerous, and which cellular mechanisms most critically prevent chromium toxicity. This study uses whole-genome profiling to identify DNA repair pathways that are crucial for chromate resistance in fission yeast. The resulting ‘toxicogenomic’ profile of chromate closely matches camptothecin, a natural product representing a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that cause replication fork collapse by poisoning Topoisomerase 1 (Top1), which relaxes supercoiled DNA by creating and resealing single-strand breaks (SSBs). Genetic interaction analyses uncover important roles for Tdp1 tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase and Pnk1 polynucleotide 5’-kinase 3’-phosphatase (PNKP), which repair camptothecin-induced SSBs and prevent neurological disease in humans. However, chromium toxicity does not involve Top1. As Tdp1 and Pnk1 repair SSBs with 3’-blocked termini, these data suggest that Top1-independent 3’-blocked SSBs contribute to the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of chromium.
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8
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Levina A, Crans DC, Lay PA. Speciation of metal drugs, supplements and toxins in media and bodily fluids controls in vitro activities. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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9
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Tian X, Patel K, Ridpath JR, Chen Y, Zhou YH, Neo D, Clement J, Takata M, Takeda S, Sale J, Wright FA, Swenberg JA, Nakamura J. Homologous Recombination and Translesion DNA Synthesis Play Critical Roles on Tolerating DNA Damage Caused by Trace Levels of Hexavalent Chromium. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167503. [PMID: 27907204 PMCID: PMC5132242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of potentially carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the drinking water is a major public health concern worldwide. However, little information is available regarding the biological effects of a nanomoler amount of Cr(VI). Here, we investigated the genotoxic effects of Cr(VI) at nanomoler levels and their repair pathways. We found that DNA damage response analyzed based on differential toxicity of isogenic cells deficient in various DNA repair proteins is observed after a three-day incubation with K2CrO4 in REV1-deficient DT40 cells at 19.2 μg/L or higher as well as in TK6 cells deficient in polymerase delta subunit 3 (POLD3) at 9.8 μg/L or higher. The genotoxicity of Cr(VI) decreased ~3000 times when the incubation time was reduced from three days to ten minutes. TK mutation rate also significantly decreased from 6 day to 1 day exposure to Cr(VI). The DNA damage response analysis suggest that DNA repair pathways, including the homologous recombination and REV1- and POLD3-mediated error-prone translesion synthesis pathways, are critical for the cells to tolerate to DNA damage caused by trace amount of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tian
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keyur Patel
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John R. Ridpath
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Youjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Dayna Neo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jean Clement
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julian Sale
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- * E-mail: (JN); (FW)
| | - James A. Swenberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- * E-mail: (JN); (FW)
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Ma Y, Li F, Jiang Y, Yang W, Lv L, Xue H, Wang Y. Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soil Using the Acidified Hydrazine Hydrate. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:392-4. [PMID: 27351195 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acidified hydrazine hydrate was used to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The content of water-soluble Cr(VI) in contaminated soil was 4977.53 mg/kg. The optimal initial pH of hydrazine hydrate solution, soil to solution ratio and molar ratio of Cr(VI) to hydrazine hydrate for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil were 5.0, 3:1 and 1:3, respectively. Over 99.50 % of water-soluble Cr(VI) in the contaminated soil was reduced at the optimal condition within 30 min. The remediated soil can keep stable within 4 months. Meanwhile the total phosphorus increased from 0.47 to 4.29 g/kg, indicating that using of acidified hydrazine hydrate is an effective method to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Ma
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Zhengzhou, 450006, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Weihua Yang
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lv Lv
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Haotian Xue
- Qinghai Provincial Research and Design Academy of Environmental Sciences, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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11
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Zhou W, Yu T, Vazin M, Ding J, Liu J. Cr3+ Binding to DNA Backbone Phosphate and Bases: Slow Ligand Exchange Rates and Metal Hydrolysis. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8193-200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Chemistry,
Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tianmeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry,
Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mahsa Vazin
- Department of Chemistry,
Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jinsong Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Chemistry,
Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Pandey S, Singh NK, Bansal AK, Arutchelvan V, Sarkar S. Alleviation of toxic hexavalent chromium using indigenous aerobic bacteria isolated from contaminated tannery industry sites. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:517-23. [PMID: 26458110 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1084635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, much attention has been paid to bioremediation of Cr(VI) using various bacterial species. Cr(VI) remediation by indegeneous bacteria isolated from contaminated sites of a tannery industry located in Tamil Nadu, India, was investigated in this study. Three Cr(VI) resistant bacterial strains (TES-1, TEf-1, and TES-2) were isolated and selected based on their Cr(VI) reduction ability in minimal salt medium. Among these three bacterial strains, TES-1 was found to be most efficient in bioreduction, while TES-2 was only found to be Cr(VI) resistant and showed negligible bioreduction, whereas TEf-1 was observed to be most Cr(VI) tolerant. Potential for bioremediation of TES-1 and TEf-1 was further investigated at different concentrations of Cr(VI) in the range of 50 to 350 mg L(-1). TEf-1 showed prominent synchronous growth throughout the experiment, whereas TES-1 took a longer acclimatization time. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Cr(VI) for TES-1 and TEf-1 were approximated as 600 mg L(-1) and 750 mg L(-1), respectively. The kinetic behavior of Cr(VI) reduction by TES-1 and TEf-1 exhibited zero- and first-order removal kinetics for Cr(VI), respectively. The most efficient strain TES-1 was identified as Streptomyces sp. by gene sequencing of 16S rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Pandey
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttrakhand , India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttrakhand , India
| | - Ankur Kumar Bansal
- b Department of Civil Engineering , Moradabad Institute of Technology , Moradabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - V Arutchelvan
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sudipta Sarkar
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttrakhand , India
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13
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Ovesen JL, Fan Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Medvedovic M, Xia Y, Puga A. Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) analysis uncovers broad changes in chromatin structure resulting from hexavalent chromium exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97849. [PMID: 24837440 PMCID: PMC4023961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of chromatin to switch back and forth from open euchromatin to closed heterochromatin is vital for transcriptional regulation and genomic stability, but its dynamic structure is subject to disruption by exposure to environmental agents such as hexavalent chromium. Cr(VI) exposure disrupts chromatin remodeling mechanisms and causes chromosomal damage through formation of free radicals, Cr-DNA adducts, and DNA-Cr-protein cross-links. In addition, acute, high-concentration, and chronic, low-concentration exposures to Cr(VI) lead to significantly different transcriptional and genomic stability outcomes. We used mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells to investigate how transcriptional responses to chromium treatment might correlate with structural chromatin changes. We used Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) analysis coupled with deep sequencing to identify regions of the genome that may switch between open and closed chromatin in response to exposure to varying Cr(VI) concentrations. At either Cr(VI) concentration, chromatin domains surrounding binding sites for AP-1 transcription factors become significantly open, whereas BACH2 and CTCF binding sites are open solely at the low and high concentrations, respectively. Parallel gene expression profiling using RNA-seq indicates that the structural chromatin changes caused by Cr(VI) affect gene expression levels in the target areas that vary depending on Cr(VI) concentration, but show no correlation between global changes in the overall transcriptional response and Cr(VI) concentration. Our results suggest that FAIRE may be a useful technique to map chromatin elements targeted by DNA damaging agents for which there is no prior knowledge of their specificity, and to identify subsequent transcriptomic changes induced by those agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald L. Ovesen
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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