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Golestani P. Lipid-based nanoparticles as a promising treatment for the skin cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29898. [PMID: 38698969 PMCID: PMC11064151 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of skin disorders, especially cancer, is increasing worldwide. Several factors are involved in causing skin cancer, but ultraviolet (UV) light, including sunlight and tanning beds, are considered the leading cause. Different methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy are mostly used for the skin cancer treatment. However, drug resistance and toxicity against cancer cells are related to these treatments. Lipid-nanoparticles have attracted significant interest as delivery systems due to non-invasive and targeted delivery based on the type of active drug. However, the stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin, is inherently impervious to drugs. Due to their ability to penetrate the deep layers of the skin, skin delivery systems are capable of delivering drugs to target cells in a protected manner. The aim of this review was to examine the properties and applications of nanoliposomes used in the treatment and prevention of numerous types of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Golestani
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Chiang TC, Chang JY, Chou TH. Formulation and Characteristics of Edible Oil Nanoemulsions Modified with Polymeric Surfactant for Encapsulating Curcumin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2864. [PMID: 37447509 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is a beneficial phytochemical with numerous health advantages. However, its limited solubility in oil and poor stability hinder its potential for biomedical applications. In this study, we employed a mixture of food-grade Tween 60, a polymeric surfactant, and Span 60 to adjust the hydrophilic lipophilic balance number (HLBt) and prepared nanoemulsions (NEs) of coconut oil (Cc oil) as carriers for Cur. The effects of HLBt values, surfactant-to-oil ratio, and oil ratio on the physicochemical characteristics of the food-grade oil-NEs were investigated using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, and viscometry. Increasing the addition ratio of Tween 60 in the NEs, thereby increasing the HLBt, resulted in a reduction in NE size and an improvement in their storage stability. The temperature and size of the phase transition region of the NEs decreased with increasing HLBt. NEs with higher HLBt exhibited a disordering effect on the intra-NE molecular packing of Cc oil. NEs with high HLBt displayed low viscosity and demonstrated nearly Newtonian fluid behavior, while those with lower HLBt exhibited pseudoplastic fluid behavior. Cur was effectively encapsulated into the Cc oil-NEs, with higher encapsulation efficiency observed in NEs with higher HLBt values. Furthermore, the Cur remaining activity was significantly enhanced through encapsulation within stable NEs. The biocompatibility of the Cc oil-NEs was also demonstrated in vitro. In summary, this study highlights the preparation of stable NEs of Cc oil by adjusting the HLBt using Tween 60, facilitating effective encapsulation of Cur. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of Cur carriers with improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64022, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Han Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64022, Taiwan
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Advances in Understanding the Role of Aloe Emodin and Targeted Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7928200. [PMID: 35087619 PMCID: PMC8789423 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7928200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the important causes of death worldwide. Despite remarkable improvements in cancer research in the past few decades, several cancer patients still cannot be cured owing to the development of drug resistance. Natural sources might have prominence as potential drug candidates. Among the several chemical classes of natural products, anthraquinones are characterized by their large structural variety, noticeable biological activity, and low toxicity. Aloe emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, is a natural compound found in the roots and rhizomes of many plants. This compound has proven its antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative potential as well as ability to prevent cancer metastasis and potential in reversing multidrug resistance of cancer cells. The anticancer property of aloe emodin, a broad-spectrum inhibitory agent of cancer cells, has been detailed in many biological pathways. In cancer cells, these molecular mechanisms consist of inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle arrest deterioration, initiation of apoptosis, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenic effect. In accordance with the strategy of developing potential drug candidates from natural products, aloe emodin's low bioavailability has been tried to be overcome by structural modifications and nanocarrier systems. Consequently, this review summarizes the antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic properties of aloe emodin, as well as the enhanced activity of its derivatives and the advantages of drug delivery systems on bioavailability.
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Yasmeen, Iqubal MK, Khan MA, Agarwal NB, Ali J, Baboota S. Nanoformulations-based advancement in the delivery of phytopharmaceuticals for skin cancer management. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dermal Drug Delivery of Phytochemicals with Phenolic Structure via Lipid-Based Nanotechnologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090837. [PMID: 34577536 PMCID: PMC8471500 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a large, heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites found in various plants and herbal substances. From the perspective of dermatology, the most important benefits for human health are their pharmacological effects on oxidation processes, inflammation, vascular pathology, immune response, precancerous and oncological lesions or formations, and microbial growth. Because the nature of phenolic compounds is designed to fit the phytochemical needs of plants and not the biopharmaceutical requirements for a specific route of delivery (dermal or other), their utilization in cutaneous formulations sets challenges to drug development. These are encountered often due to insufficient water solubility, high molecular weight and low permeation and/or high reactivity (inherent for the set of representatives) and subsequent chemical/photochemical instability and ionizability. The inclusion of phenolic phytochemicals in lipid-based nanocarriers (such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles) is so far recognized as a strategic physico-chemical approach to improve their in situ stability and introduction to the skin barriers, with a view to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic potency. This current review is focused on recent advances and achievements in this area.
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Svitina H, Swanepoel R, Rossouw J, Netshimbupfe H, Gouws C, Hamman J. Treatment of Skin Disorders with Aloe Materials. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2208-2240. [PMID: 31269881 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ and functions as a barrier to protect the underlying tissues against the elements and pathogens, while also fulfilling many physiological roles and biochemical functions such as preventing excessive water loss. Skin disorders vary greatly in terms of origin, severity, symptoms and affect persons of all ages. Many plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times including the treatment of skin disorders and diseases. Aloe represents one of the earliest medicinal plant species mentioned in antique scriptures and even in rock art dating back thousands of years. Different Aloe species and materials have been used in the prevention and treatment of skin related disorders. Aloe vera is the most commonly used Aloe species for medicinal purposes. Some of the most prominent skin related applications and disorders that Aloe materials have been investigated for are discussed in this paper, which include cosmetic, radiation, cancer, wound and antimicrobial applications. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are included in the discussions of this paper and comprehensive summaries of all these studies are given in tables in each section. Although some contradictory results were obtained among studies, certain Aloe materials have shown excellent efficacy and exhibited potential for the treatment of skin related disorders and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Swanepoel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Happiness Netshimbupfe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Fan F, Wu Y. Photochromic properties of color-matching, double-shelled microcapsules covalently bonded onto cotton fabric and applications to outdoor clothing. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- College of Textiles and Clothing; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhu Wu
- College of Textiles and Clothing; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
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Akhtar N, Khan RA. Liposomal systems as viable drug delivery technology for skin cancer sites with an outlook on lipid-based delivery vehicles and diagnostic imaging inputs for skin conditions'. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:192-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Freag MS, Elnaggar YS, Abdelmonsif DA, Abdallah OY. Stealth, biocompatible monoolein-based lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for enhanced aloe-emodin delivery to breast cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4799-4818. [PMID: 27703348 PMCID: PMC5036603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, research has progressively highlighted on clues from conventional use of herbal medicines to introduce new anticancer drugs. Aloe-emodin (AE) is a herbal drug with promising anticancer activity. Nevertheless, its clinical utility is handicapped by its low solubility. For the first time, this study aims to the fabrication of surface-functionalized polyethylene glycol liquid crystalline nanoparticles (PEG-LCNPs) of AE to enhance its water solubility and enable its anticancer use. Developed AE-PEG-LCNPs were optimized via particle size and zeta potential measurements. Phase behavior, solid state characteristics, hemocompatibility, and serum stability of LCNPs were assessed. Sterile formulations were developed using various sterilization technologies. Furthermore, the potential of the formulations was investigated using cell culture, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicity studies. AE-PEG-LCNPs showed particle size of 190 nm and zeta potential of −49.9, and PEGylation approach reduced the monoolein hemolytic tendency to 3% and increased the serum stability of the nanoparticles. Sterilization of liquid and lyophilized AE-PEG-LCNPs via autoclaving and γ-radiations, respectively, insignificantly affected the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. Half maximal inhibitory concentration of AE-PEG-LCNPs was 3.6-fold lower than free AE after 48 hours and their cellular uptake was threefold higher than free AE after 24-hour incubation. AE-PEG-LCNPs presented 5.4-fold increase in t1/2 compared with free AE. Biodistribution and toxicity studies showed reduced AE-PEG-LCNP uptake by reticuloendothelial system organs and good safety profile. PEGylated LCNPs could serve as a promising nanocarrier for efficient delivery of AE to cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University
| | - Yosra Sr Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University
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Dong L, Song B, Wu J, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Chen X, Hu D. Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel thioether derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole and emodin moieties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangrun Dong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Baojing Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zengxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yunying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
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Hussain A, Sharma C, Khan S, Shah K, Haque S. Aloe vera Inhibits Proliferation of Human Breast and Cervical Cancer Cells and Acts Synergistically with Cisplatin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2939-46. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Skin cancer and new treatment perspectives: A review. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:8-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Giuliani C, Altieri B, Bombelli C, Galantini L, Mancini G, Stringaro A. Remote loading of aloe emodin in gemini-based cationic liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 31:76-82. [PMID: 25496076 DOI: 10.1021/la5038074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone compound aloe-emodin (AE) has shown antineoplastic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties and scavenging activity on free radicals. Because of these therapeutic features, AE has been attracting increasing interest and could be applied in the curing of many diseases. However, until now the physicochemical features of this compound have not been fully investigated; furthermore, its wide application might be hindered by its scarce solubility in aqueous media (∼19 μM). The inclusion of AE in nanocarriers, such as cationic liposomes, could allow its delivery effectively and selectively to target sites, reducing side effects in the remaining tissues. In this work, the weak acid nature of AE, because of its two phenolic functions, was exploited to load it remotely in the internal aqueous phase of liposomes in response to a difference in pH between the inside and outside of the liposomes, pHin > pHout. The inclusion of AE in gemini-based cationic liposomes by the acetate gradient method was obtained at high AE/lipid ratios (up to 1:30).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‡CNR-IMC sez. Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Gao H, Wang H, Peng J. Hispidulin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of P13k/Akt signalling pathway in HepG2 cancer cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:27-34. [PMID: 24068521 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hispidulin is a flavonoid compound which is an active ingredient in a number of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. However, it's therapeutic activity remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the pro-apoptotic effects and mechanism by which Hispidulin induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma cancer (HepG2) cells. The results showed that Hispidulin induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells whereas no toxic reaction was observed in normal human liver cells at indicated concentration. This study also demonstrated that Hispidulin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which is characterized by decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and increased release of cytochrome C and activated capase-3. Our results also showed that mitochondrial dysfunction was triggered by Hispidulin-induced excessive ROS generation. Hispidulin also significantly inhibited Akt activation. ROS inhibitor NAC abrogated the inhibitory effect of Hispidulin on P13k/Akt signalling pathway and the proapoptotic effect in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Hispidulin induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells and suggested that the pro-apoptotic effect of Hispidulin was mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of P13k/Akt signalling pathway. Since no toxic effect was observed when normal liver cells were treated with Hispidulin, Hispidulin may have the potential to be used as therapeutic for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China,
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Chen R, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang S, Chen M, Wang Y. Potential antineoplastic effects of Aloe-emodin: a comprehensive review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:275-88. [PMID: 24707862 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (AE), a bioactive anthraquinone derived from both Aloe vera and Rheum officinale, has recently been demonstrated to have various pharmacological activities. With the widespread popularity of natural products, such as antineoplastic drugs, AE has attracted much attention due to its remarkable antineoplastic activity on multiple tumor cells involving multi-channel mechanisms, including the disruption of cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, anti-metastasis, antiangiogenic, and strengthening of immune function. Experimental data have revealed AE as a potentially potent anti-cancer candidate. Despite this, the pharmaceutical application of AE is still in a fledging period as most research has concentrated on the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of action of existing treatments, rather than the development of novel formulations. Therefore, the present review summarizes the potential toxicity, molecular mechanism, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and pharmaceutical development of AE as an antineoplastic agent. This is based on its physicochemical properties, in an attempt to encourage further research on AE as a potential anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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Chen R, Wang S, Zhang J, Chen M, Wang Y. Aloe-emodin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: formulation design andin vitroanti-cancer study. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:666-74. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.882446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Chou TH, Liang CH, Lee YC, Yeh LH. Effects of lipid composition on physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity of vesicles composed of cationic and anionic dialkyl lipids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1545-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lin RJ, Yen CM, Chou TH, Chiang FY, Wang GH, Tseng YP, Wang L, Huang TW, Wang HC, Chan LP, Ding HY, Liang CH. Antioxidant, anti-adipocyte differentiation, antitumor activity and anthelmintic activities against Anisakis simplex and Hymenolepis nana of yakuchinone A from Alpinia oxyphylla. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:237. [PMID: 24070160 PMCID: PMC3879407 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Alpinia oxyphylla is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine.
Yakuchinone A is a major constituent of A. oxyphylla and
exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and gastric protective
activities. Methods Antioxidant and antitumor characteristics of yakuchinone A in skin cancer cells as
well as novel mechanisms for the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation,
cestocidal activities against Hymenolepis nana adults, and nematocidal
activities against Anisakis simplex larvae are investigated. Results Yakuchinone A presents the ability of the removal of DPPH·and
ABTS+ free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Yakuchinone A suppresses intracellular lipid accumulation during adipocyte
differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells and the expressions of leptin and
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
(PPARγ). Yakuchinone A induces apoptosis and inhibits cell
proliferation in skin cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth by yakuchinone A
is more significant for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cells than for melanoma
(A375 and B16) and noncancerous (HaCaT and BNLCL2) cells. Treatment BCC cells with
yakuchinone A shows down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax, and an
increase in cleavage poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This suggests that
yakuchinone A induces BCC cells apoptosis through the Bcl-2-mediated signaling
pathway. The anthelmintic activities of yakuchinone A for A. simplex are
better than for H. nana. Conclusions In this work, yakuchinone A exhibits antioxidative properties, anti-adipocyte
differentiation, antitumor activity, and anthelmintic activities against A.
simplex and H. nana.
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Liang CH, Ho WY, Yeh LH, Cheng YS, Chou TH. Effects of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids on the physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity of phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:376123. [PMID: 23864887 PMCID: PMC3707228 DOI: 10.1155/2013/376123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The anthraquinones emodin and aloe-emodin are abundant in rhubarb. Several lines of evidence indicate that emodin and aloe-emodin have estrogenic activity as phytoestrogens. However, their effects on estrogen receptor α (ER α ) activation and breast cancer cell growth remain controversial. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of emodin and aloe-emodin on breast cancer cell proliferation. Our results indicate that both emodin and aloe-emodin are capable of inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation by downregulating ER α protein levels, thereby suppressing ER α transcriptional activation. Furthermore, aloe-emodin treatment led to the dissociation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and ER α and increased ER α ubiquitination. Although emodin had similar effects to aloe-emodin, it was not capable of promoting HSP90/ER α dissociation and ER α ubiquitination. Protein fractionation results suggest that aloe-emodin tended to induce cytosolic ER α degradation. Although emodin might induce cytosolic ER α degradation, it primarily affected nuclear ER α distribution similar to the action of estrogen when protein degradation was blocked. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that emodin and aloe-emodin specifically suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ER α protein stability through distinct mechanisms. These findings suggest a possible application of anthraquinones in preventing or treating breast cancer in the future.
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Apigenin induces apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor- and Bcl-2-mediated pathway and enhances susceptibility of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1081-91. [PMID: 22554915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apigenin, a natural plant flavone, may have chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer. Nevertheless, the anti-tumor effect of apigenin on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not fully understood. METHODS The antioxidant capacity and protective effects of apigenin against oxidative stress in murine normal embryonic liver BNLCL2 cells are examined. Cell viability, morphologic change, clonogenic survival, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione formation, and death receptors- and Bcl-2-mediated caspase pathways of HNSCC SCC25 cells and A431 cells with apigenin are investigated. RESULTS Apigenin inhibits the growth of SCC25 and A431 cells and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Apigenin has an antioxidant capacity as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. It protects BNLCL2 cells against oxidative damage, and is potentially able to prevent cancer. Apigenin increases intracellular ROS levels and reduces levels of glutathione; it also induces cell apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)-, and Bcl-2-mediated caspase-dependent cell death pathways in SCC25 cells. The combination of apigenin with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) or cisplatin induces the dramatic death of SCC25 cells. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin induces SCC25 cell apoptosis via the up-regulation of both TNF-R and TRAIL-R signaling pathways, and has a synergistic effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation in combination with 5-Fu or cisplatin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These analytical findings suggest that apigenin may be a good therapeutic agent against HNSCC cells.
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Liang CH, Wang GH, Chou TH, Wang SH, Lin RJ, Chan LP, So EC, Sheu JH. 5-epi-Sinuleptolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through tumor necrosis factor/mitochondria-mediated caspase signaling pathway in human skin cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1149-57. [PMID: 22348919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancers are reportedly increasing worldwide. Developing novel anti-skin cancer drugs with minimal side effects is necessary to address this public health issue. Sinuleptolide has been demonstrated to possess anti-cancer cell activities; however, the mechanisms underlying the anti-skin cancer effects of 5-epi-sinuleptolide and sinuleptolide remain poorly understood. METHODS Apoptosis cell, cell-cycle-related regulatory factors, and mitochondria- and death receptor-dependent caspase pathway in 5-epi-sinuleptolide-induced cell apoptosis were examined using SCC25 cells. RESULTS 5-epi-Sinuleptolide inhibited human skin cancer cell growth more than did sinuleptolide. Treatment of SCC25 cells with 5-epi-sinuleptolide increased apoptotic body formation, and induced cell-cycle arrest during the G2/M phase. Notably, 5-epi-sinuleptolide up-regulated p53 and p21 expression and inhibited G2/M phase regulators of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinease 1 (CDK1) in SCC25 cells. Additionally, 5-epi-sinuleptolide induced apoptosis by mitochondria-mediated cytochrome c and Bax up-expression, down-regulated Bcl-2, and activated caspase-9 and -3. 5-epi-Sinuleptolide also up-regulated tBid, which is associated with up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Fas ligand (FasL) and their cognate receptors (i.e., TNF-RI, TNF-R2 and Fas), downstream adaptor TNF-R1-associated death domain (TRADD) and Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and activated caspase-8 in SCC25 cells. CONCLUSIONS The analytical results indicate that the death receptor- and mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway is critical in 5-epi-sinuleptolide-induced apoptosis of skin cancer cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report suggesting that the apoptosis mediates the anti-tumor effect of 5-epi-sinuleptolide. The results of this study might provide useful suggestions for designing of anti-tumor drugs for skin cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Tong H, Chen K, Chen H, Wu H, Lin H, Ni Z, Lin S. Emodin prolongs recipient survival time after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats by polarizing the Th1/Th2 paradigm to Th2. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:445-52. [PMID: 21308995 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunosuppressive drugs have improved the short-term survival of liver transplantation. However, drug toxicities have been a serious problem in patients after long-term administration. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel immunosuppressant with low-toxicity. We investigated the immunosuppressive effects of Emodin on acute graft rejection following liver transplantation in rats. The recipient rats of orthotopic liver transplantation were divided into groups as follows: isograft+NS group, allograft+NS group, and allograft+emodin group. The survival time of the recipients in each group was recorded. Histopathological changes in the liver, as well as serum concentrations of IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-10 and their expressions in liver tissue were determined. Our results showed that Emodin treatment prolonged liver allograft survival time and inhibited histopathologic changes of acute graft rejection. The rejection activity index in groups isograft+NS, allograft+NS, and allograft+emodin were 1.52 ± 0.37, 6.95 ± 0.75, and 4.23 ± 0.51, respectively (P < 0.01, isograft+NS group vs. allograft+emodin group and allograft+NS group vs. allograft+emodin group). The serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were down-regulated but that of IL-10 was up-regulated by Emodin. Serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were higher in allograft+NS group than the allograft+emodin group, but that of IL-10 showed opposite effects (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Changes in the expression of these cytokines in transplanted liver tissue were consistent with changes in serum concentrations. These results demonstrate that Emodin has therapeutic potentials for alleviating acute rejection following liver transplantation in rats and prolonging liver allograft survival. The mechanisms underlying this effect may be associated with polarizing the Th1/Th2 paradigm to Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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