Methodologic concerns regarding estimates of physical violence in sexual coercion: overstatement or understatement?

Validation of Acceptance of Coercive Sexual Behavior (ACSB)

The psychometric properties of the Acceptance of Coercive Sexual Behavior (ACSB), a multimedia measure of adolescent dating attitudes, were examined. The ACSB is an interactive instrument that uses video vignettes to depict adolescent dating situations. Analyses of the measure’s factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity were conducted with separate samples of male (n = 106) and female (n = 114) high school students. Validity was evaluated in relation to subscales on the Sexual Attitudes Survey and self-reports of dating and sexual experiences. Factor analyses on the ACSB yielded two factors, Coercion and Consent. The ACSB demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Advantages of using a multimedia assessment of sexually coercive attitudes with adolescents are discussed.

Silenced suffering: the need for a better understanding of partner sexual violence

This article has two overall goals. First, to examine the current state of sexual violence research to highlight several shortcomings in the knowledge on partner sexual violence. Second, to describe several factors to consider in future research to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of partner sexual violence. Shortcomings of the research on partner sexual violence include (1) overreliance on dichotomous yes/no representations of sexual violence experiences; (2) lack of, or inadequate documentation of the scope and nature of partner sexual violence; (3) inadequate ways to account for impairment of consent under different circumstances; (4) difficulties in discriminating unwanted from nonconsensual sexual activities; and (5) limited information about the role sexual violence plays in the larger context of coercive control. In order to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of partner sexual assault, there is a need (1) to better understand the scope and nature of partner sexual assault and (2) to better understand the role partner sexual violence plays in coercive control. By improving the measurement of this phenomenon, victims, researchers, practitioners, and those involved in the justice system might be better equipped to respond to sexual violence among intimate partners.

Entre negociação e conflito: gênero e coerção sexual em três capitais brasileiras

Este artigo aborda a temática da coerção sexual a partir de dados coletados, entre os anos de 2001 e 2002, pelo inquérito populacional realizado em três capitais brasileiras (Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Porto Alegre), na etapa quantitativa da pesquisa Gravidez na adolescência: estudo multicêntrico sobre jovens, sexualidade e reprodução no Brasil (GRAVAD). Os resultados aqui apresentados se referem às perguntas do questionário de entrevistas que contemplaram aspectos das práticas de negociação em torno do sexo, as experiências passíveis de serem identificadas como coerção sexual e valores sexuais dos jovens entrevistados. Os informantes eram homens e mulheres, entre 18 e 24 anos. A análise do material aponta a importância dos contextos específicos de interação e das dinâmicas e convenções locais de interação sexual entre os gêneros na configuração de determinados comportamentos enquanto formas de sexo forçado. Busca-se assim relativizar a noção positivada de violência presente em parte da literatura internacional sobre o tema.

Use of coercive sexual tactics across 10 years in at-risk young men: developmental patterns and co-occurring problematic dating behaviors

Men's use of two coercive sexual tactics was tracked over 10 years in a sample of at-risk young men (N = 201). Patterns were identified for each tactic. For the tactic using drugs or alcohol to go further sexually, non-coercers (63%) and coercers (37%) were identified. For the tactic of going further sexually after the woman said "no," three patterns were identified-noncoercers (10%), low-level coercers who used the tactic five times or less over 10 years (42%), and high level coercers who used the tactic more than five times over 10 years (48%). The associations between coercive tactics and two dating behaviors-physical aggression toward a partner and risky sexual behaviors-were examined using multilevel linear modeling. For both coercive tactics, main effects and interaction effects with time occurred for physical aggression toward a partner. The most coercive men perpetrated the most physical aggression toward a partner between ages 18 and 22 years, but sexual coercion was unrelated to partner abuse between ages 22 and 27 years. Results suggest men vary in their use of coercive sexual tactics over time and the frequency of coercion varies based on tactic. Preliminary evidence suggests the use of coercive sexual tactics is associated with physical aggression toward a partner but not risky sexual behaviors, though the strength of the association varies over time.

Agreement on reporting of physical, psychological, and sexual violence among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the United States

This article examines agreement on reports of male-to-female and female-to-male psychological, physical, and sexual violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States. Using a probability sample, separate face-to-face interviews were conducted in respondents' homes with both members of 1,025 intact couples living in the 48 contiguous states. The overall survey response rate was 72%. Results indicate that agreement on each of the three types of violence is low, independent of perpetrator's gender and ethnicity. Kappa coefficients of agreement range from .07 to .48. Higher agreement is obtained for psychological violence, followed by physical and sexual violence. Depending on the type of violence, between 30% (psychological aggression) and 90% (sexual coercion) of events would not have been identified if identification required agreement between partners. Logistic analysis shows that the severity of violence is the only variable that increases the likelihood of agreement across the three types of violence.

Differences in psychological health and family dysfunction by sexual victimization type in a clinical sample of African American adolescent women

We examined levels of sexual victimization among a sample of 249 14- to 19-year-old African American adolescent women. Victimization was common: 32.1% reported having been raped, 33.7% had experienced sexual coercion, and 10.8% reported an attempted rape. Only 23.4% had never been victimized. We investigated whether levels of psychological health and family dysfunction varied as a function of the type of sexual victimization. Girls who had been raped had lower levels of self-esteem and mastery and higher levels of depression compared to girls who reported no sexual victimization. Significantly higher levels of family cohesion and significantly lower levels of family support were reported by girls who had been raped versus girls who reported no sexual victimization. These findings are a starting point for future studies by providing evidence that levels of mental health and family dysfunction vary by the type of sexual victimization experienced.