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Stevens RP, Paudel SS, Johnson SC, Stevens T, Lee JY. Endothelial metabolism in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L358-L376. [PMID: 34159794 PMCID: PMC8384476 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00131.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary endothelial cells possess a specialized metabolism necessary to adapt to the unique alveolar-capillary environment. Here, we highlight how endothelial metabolism preserves the integrity of the pulmonary circulation by controlling vascular permeability, defending against oxidative stress, facilitating rapid migration and angiogenesis in response to injury, and regulating the epigenetic landscape of endothelial cells. Recent reports on single-cell RNA-sequencing reveal subpopulations of pulmonary capillary endothelial cells with distinctive reparative capacities, which potentially offer new insight into their metabolic signature. Lastly, we discuss broad implications of pulmonary vascular metabolism on acute respiratory distress syndrome, touching on emerging findings of endotheliitis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece P Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sunita S Paudel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Santina C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Sialic acid and biology of life: An introduction. SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALOGLYCOCONJUGATES IN THE BIOLOGY OF LIFE, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153325 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816126-5.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are important molecule with high structural diversity. They are known to occur in higher animals such as Echinoderms, Hemichordata, Cephalochorda, and Vertebrata and also in other animals such as Platyhelminthes, Cephalopoda, and Crustaceae. Plants are known to lack sialic acid. But they are reported to occur in viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Deaminated neuraminic acid although occurs in vertebrates and bacteria, is reported to occur in abundance in the lower vertebrates. Sialic acids are mostly located in terminal ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids, capsular and tissue polysialic acids, bacterial lipooligosaccharides/polysaccharides, and in different forms that dictate their role in biology. Sialic acid play important roles in human physiology of cell-cell interaction, communication, cell-cell signaling, carbohydrate-protein interactions, cellular aggregation, development processes, immune reactions, reproduction, and in neurobiology and human diseases in enabling the infection process by bacteria and virus, tumor growth and metastasis, microbiome biology, and pathology. It enables molecular mimicry in pathogens that allows them to escape host immune responses. Recently sialic acid has found role in therapeutics. In this chapter we have highlighted the (i) diversity of sialic acid, (ii) their occurrence in the diverse life forms, (iii) sialylation and disease, and (iv) sialic acid and therapeutics.
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Hyun SW, Liu A, Liu Z, Lillehoj EP, Madri JA, Reynolds AB, Goldblum SE. As human lung microvascular endothelia achieve confluence, src family kinases are activated, and tyrosine-phosphorylated p120 catenin physically couples NEU1 sialidase to CD31. Cell Signal 2017; 35:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Lee C, Liu A, Miranda-Ribera A, Hyun SW, Lillehoj EP, Cross AS, Passaniti A, Grimm PR, Kim BY, Welling PA, Madri JA, DeLisser HM, Goldblum SE. NEU1 sialidase regulates the sialylation state of CD31 and disrupts CD31-driven capillary-like tube formation in human lung microvascular endothelia. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9121-35. [PMID: 24550400 PMCID: PMC3979388 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly sialylated vascular endothelial surface undergoes changes in sialylation upon adopting the migratory/angiogenic phenotype. We recently established endothelial cell (EC) expression of NEU1 sialidase (Cross, A. S., Hyun, S. W., Miranda-Ribera, A., Feng, C., Liu, A., Nguyen, C., Zhang, L., Luzina, I. G., Atamas, S. P., Twaddell, W. S., Guang, W., Lillehoj, E. P., Puché, A. C., Huang, W., Wang, L. X., Passaniti, A., and Goldblum, S. E. (2012) NEU1 and NEU3 sialidase activity expressed in human lung microvascular endothelia. NEU1 restrains endothelial cell migration whereas NEU3 does not. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 15966-15980). We asked whether NEU1 might regulate EC capillary-like tube formation on a Matrigel substrate. In human pulmonary microvascular ECs (HPMECs), prior silencing of NEU1 did not alter tube formation. Infection of HPMECs with increasing multiplicities of infection of an adenovirus encoding for catalytically active WT NEU1 dose-dependently impaired tube formation, whereas overexpression of either a catalytically dead NEU1 mutant, NEU1-G68V, or another human sialidase, NEU3, did not. NEU1 overexpression also diminished EC adhesion to the Matrigel substrate and restrained EC migration in a wounding assay. In HPMECs, the adhesion molecule, CD31, also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, was sialylated via α2,6-linkages, as shown by Sambucus nigra agglutinin lectin blotting. NEU1 overexpression increased CD31 binding to Arachis hypogaea or peanut agglutinin lectin, indicating CD31 desialylation. In the postconfluent state, when CD31 ectodomains are homophilically engaged, NEU1 was recruited to and desialylated CD31. In postconfluent ECs, CD31 was desialylated compared with subconfluent cells, and prior NEU1 silencing completely protected against CD31 desialylation. Prior CD31 silencing and the use of CD31-null ECs each abrogated the NEU1 inhibitory effect on EC tube formation. Sialyltransferase 6 GAL-I overexpression increased α2,6-linked CD31 sialylation and dose-dependently counteracted NEU1-mediated inhibition of EC tube formation. These combined data indicate that catalytically active NEU1 inhibits in vitro angiogenesis through desialylation of its substrate, CD31.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan S. Cross
- From the Departments of Medicine
- the Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Pathology, and
- the Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Madri
- the Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and
| | - Horace M. DeLisser
- the Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Simeon E. Goldblum
- From the Departments of Medicine
- Pathology, and
- the Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Alvarado-Vásquez N, Lascurain R, Cerón E, Vanda B, Carvajal-Sandoval G, Tapia A, Guevara J, Montaño LF, Zenteno E. Oral glycine administration attenuates diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2006; 79:225-32. [PMID: 16483611 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by impaired glucose metabolism that leads to retinopathy, brain micro-infarcts and other complications. We have previously shown that oral glycine administration to diabetic rats inhibits non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin and diminishes renal damage. In this work, we evaluated the capacity of the amino acid glycine (1% w/v, 130 mM) to attenuate diabetic complications in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats and compared them with non-treated or taurine-treated (0.5% w/v, 40 mM) diabetic rats. Glycine-treated diabetic rats showed an important diminution in the percentage of animals with opacity in lens and microaneurysms in the eyes. Interestingly, there was a diminished expression of O-acetyl sialic acid in brain vessels compared with untreated diabetic rats (P<0.05). Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from glycine-treated diabetic rats showed a better proliferative response to PHA or ConA than those obtained from non-treated diabetic rats (P<0.05). Glycine-treated rats had a less intense corporal weight loss in comparison with non-treated animals. Our results suggest that administration of glycine attenuates the diabetic complications in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model, probably due to inhibition of the non-enzymatic glycation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI. México, D.F. C.P. 14080, Mexico.
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King J, Hamil T, Creighton J, Wu S, Bhat P, McDonald F, Stevens T. Structural and functional characteristics of lung macro- and microvascular endothelial cell phenotypes. Microvasc Res 2004; 67:139-51. [PMID: 15020205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung macro- and microvascular endothelial cells exhibit unique functional attributes, including signal transduction and barrier properties. We therefore sought to identify structural and functional features of endothelial cells that discriminate their phenotypes in the fully differentiated lung. Rat lung macro- (PAEC) and microvascular (PMVEC) endothelial cells each exhibited expression of typical markers. Screening for reactivity with nine different lectins revealed that Glycine max and Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia preferentially bound microvascular endothelia whereas Helix pomatia preferentially bound macrovascular endothelia. Apposition between the apical plasmalemma and endoplasmic reticulum was closer in PAECs (8 nm) than in PMVECs (87 nm), implicating this coupling distance in the larger store operated calcium entry responses observed in macrovascular cells. PMVECs exhibited a faster growth rate than did PAECs and, once a growth program was initiated by serum, PMVECs sustained growth in the absence of serum. Thus, PAECs and PMVECs differ in their structure and function, even under similar environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy King
- Department of Pathology, Center for Lung Biology, The University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
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Gerlach D, Schlott B, Schmidt KH. Cloning and expression of a sialic acid-binding lectin from the snailCepaea hortensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 40:215-21. [PMID: 15039097 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 08/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly degenerated gene-specific oligonucleotide primers (GSPs) were constructed from the amino acid sequence of tryptic fragments produced from the purified sialic acid-specific lectin of the garden snail Cepaea hortensis. From the albumin glands, the total RNA or the mRNA was prepared. Combination of a universal primer with the GSPs delivered gene-specific fragments of about 650, 620 and 280 bp by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These fragments were cloned into the vector pDrive (Qiagen) and sequenced. The resulting cDNA sequence consisted of 744 bp, including an open reading frame of 480 bp. The encoded protein consists of 159 amino acids, including the putative signal sequence peptide. The mature protein should comprise 141 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 15,529 Da. The expression of the recombinant lectin in Escherichia coli resulted in a soluble protein reacting specifically with rabbit antiserum raised against the native lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Gerlach
- Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweisstr 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Sherwani AF, Mohmood S, Khan F, Khan RH, Azfer MA. Characterization of lectins and their specificity in carcinomas-An appraisal. Indian J Clin Biochem 2003; 18:169-80. [PMID: 23105409 PMCID: PMC3453863 DOI: 10.1007/bf02867384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lectins, a group of specific glycoproteins present in animal as well as plant cells, are used as differentiating markers to study cancers and metastatic cell lines. This property of lectins depends on the process of cellular glycosylation. Glycosylation of some of the extracellular membrane proteins and lipids maintains the cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Chemical alterations in glycosylation play an important role in the metastatic behavior of tumor cells. Carbohydrate residues of the membrane glycoproteins can be detected using lectins due to their binding specificity to carbohydrates. Lectins, therefore have gained an importance in the field of cancer research. Galectins, a specialized group of lectin like proteins that are Ca+ independent and galactoside binding, are also considered as differentiation markers in some specific cancers like the carcinomas of thyroid.Thus the use of lectins and galectins to identify specific carbohydrates present on cell surface help in invasion and metastasis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fauzia Khan
- Department of Zoology, AMU, 202 002 Aligarh, India
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Gerlach D, Wagner M, Schlott B, Zähringer U, Schmidt KH. Chemical and physicochemical characterization of the sialic acid-specific lectin from Cepaea hortensis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 214:61-8. [PMID: 12204373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A sialic acid-specific lectin was isolated from the albumin glands of the garden snail Cepaea hortensis by affinity chromatography on fetuin-Sepharose following gel filtration on Superdex 200. The purified native lectin showed a molecular mass of about 95 kDa by gel filtration and 100 kDa by SDS electrophoresis. It was cleaved by boiling in buffer containing SDS in three serological identical bands corresponding to molecular masses of about 24, 20 and 16 kDa, respectively. From these three fragments, only the 24- and the 20-kDa bands were found to be glycosylated. Only the three sugars mannose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine could be detected in a molar ratio of 3:8.6:2. The oligosaccharide moieties seem to be N- and partially O-glycosidic bound. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the purified lectin revealed a heterogeneous pattern with bands in the pH range of 4.3-5.0. Isolated bands of different isoelectric points showed in SDS electrophoresis the same three fragments with molecular masses of 24, 20 or 16 kDa. The heterogeneity of the lectin was revealed either by IEF or amino acid sequencing of internal tryptic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Gerlach
- Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweisstr. 4, Germany.
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