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Vasquez-Ruiz V, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Rios MY. Triterpenes and limonoids of Cedrela: Distribution, biosynthesis, and 1 H and 13 C NMR data. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:275-358. [PMID: 34730255 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cedrela genus, a member of the Meliaceae family, presents both chemical characteristics associated with and those that distinguish it from the rest of its members. The presence of triterpenes and limonoids is the characteristic of the Meliaceae family, but the class and type of these chemical constituents are distinctive for each genus. Cedrela includes cycloartane, ursane, oleanane, tirucallane, butyrospermane, and apotirucallane triterpenes, and its limonoids belongs to six class and nine types, known as class Ia-type havanensines, class Ib-type delevoyin, class II-type gedunin, class IIIb-type andirobin, class IIIg-type mexicanolide, class IVa-type evoludone, class Va-type obacunol, class V-type limonin, and class VIII. Each of these structural arrangements includes specific traits, defined by their biosynthetic origin, which can be established by means of structural elucidation techniques, particularly 1 H and 13 C NMR, which assisted by 2D NMR techniques, allowing to deduce their structures unequivocally. The constant presence of these skeletal arrangements in Cedrela ensures that they are its chemophenetic markers and their recurrence is an important criterion for their identity. This review is a compilation of the occurrence of triterpenes and limonoids in Cedrela genus, detailing their biosynthetic association and collecting and organizing their NMR data, with the purpose of facilitating its location, analysis, and use in the phytochemical study of species from this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Vasquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maria Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Nogueira TSR, Passos MDS, Nascimento LPS, Arantes MBDS, Monteiro NO, Boeno SIDS, de Carvalho Junior A, Azevedo ODA, Terra WDS, Vieira MGC, Braz-Filho R, Curcino Vieira IJ. Chemical Compounds and Biologic Activities: A Review of Cedrela Genus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25225401. [PMID: 33218181 PMCID: PMC7699174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cedrela P. Browne, which belongs to the Meliaceae family, has eighteen species. Trees of this genus are of economic interest due to wood quality, as well as being the focus of studies because of relevant biologic activities as in other Meliaceae species. These activities are mainly related to limonoids, a characteristic class of compounds in this family. Therefore, the aim of this review is to perform a survey of the citations in the literature on the Cedrela genus species. Articles were found on quantitative and qualitative phytochemical studies of the Cedrela species, revealing the chemical compounds identified, such as aliphatics acid and alcohol, flavonoids, tocopherol, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, cycloartanes, steroids, and limonoids. Although some activities were tested, the majority of studies focused on the insecticidal, antifeedant, or insect growth inhibitor activities of this genus. Nonetheless, the most promising activities were related to their antimalarial and antitripanocidal effects, although further investigations are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalya Soares R. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +22-2748-6207
| | - Michel de S. Passos
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Lara Pessanha S. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Mayara Barreto de S. Arantes
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Noemi O. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Samyra Imad da S. Boeno
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | | | - Otoniel de A. Azevedo
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Campus I, Rua São Camilo de Léllis 01, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo 29304-910, Brazil;
| | - Wagner da S. Terra
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campus Campos Centro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28030-130, Brazil; (W.d.S.T.); (M.G.C.V.)
| | - Milena Gonçalves C. Vieira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campus Campos Centro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28030-130, Brazil; (W.d.S.T.); (M.G.C.V.)
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Ivo J. Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
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Macías-Rubalcava ML, Ruiz-Velasco Sobrino ME, Meléndez-González C, Hernández-Ortega S. Naphthoquinone spiroketals and organic extracts from the endophytic fungus Edenia gomezpompae as potential herbicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3553-3562. [PMID: 24689520 DOI: 10.1021/jf500965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
From the fermentation mycelium of the endophytic fungus Edenia gomezpompae were obtained several phytotoxic compounds including two new members of the naphthoquinone spiroketal family, namely, palmarumycin EG1 (1) and preussomerin EG4 (4). In addition, preussomerins EG1-EG3 (7-9) and palmarumycins CP19 (2), CP17 (3), and CP2 (6), as well as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), were obtained. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 are new to this species. The structures of palmarumycins CP19 (2) and CP17 (3) were unambiguously determined by X-ray analysis. The isolates and mycelium organic extracts from four morphological variants of E. gomezpompae caused significant inhibition of seed germination, root elongation, and seedling respiration of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Solanum lycopersicum, and Echinochloa crus-galli. The treatments also affected respiration on intact mitochondria isolated from spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Macías-Rubalcava
- Instituto de Quı́mica, ‡Departamento de Productos Naturales, and §Laboratorio de Rayos X, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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The sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide isolated from Senecio salignus act as phytogrowth and photosynthesis inhibitors. Molecules 2012; 17:1437-47. [PMID: 22310166 PMCID: PMC6268765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-hexane extract of S. salignus plants inhibited ATP synthesis and two sesquiterpenes, the β-caryophyllene (1) and caryophyllene oxide (2) were isolated from this nonpolar fraction. Compound 1 inhibited by 42% the root elongation of Physalis ixocarpa seedlings at 50 µg/mL and by 53% at 150 µg/mL, whereas at 150 µg/mL this compound only inhibited root elongation of Echinochloa crus-galli by 30%. On the other hand, compound 2 had no effect on either germination or root and stem growth of E. cruss galli and P. ixocarpa. However, 1 and 2 inhibited the dry biomass of P. ixocarpa plants grown for 18 days previous to treatment and it was found that 1 was the most active biomass inhibitor. The Chl a fluorescence transient in vivo experiment indicates that 1 (100 µg/mL) has a major effect at 72 h after treatment on leaves of P. ixocarpa plants by inhibiting photosystem II (PS II) transforming active reaction centers to "heat sinks" or the formation of silent reaction centers unable to reduce Q(A). β-Caryophyllene also induces chlorosis on treated leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
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Roy A, Saraf S. Limonoids: overview of significant bioactive triterpenes distributed in plants kingdom. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:191-201. [PMID: 16462017 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for limonoids started long back when scientists started looking for the factor responsible for bitterness in citrus which has negative impact on citrus fruit and juice industry worldwide. The term limonoids was derived from limonin, the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from citrus bitter principles. Compounds belonging to this group have exhibited a range of biological activities like insecticidal, insect antifeedant and growth regulating activity on insects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral and a number of other pharmacological activities on humans. Although hundreds of limonoids have been isolated from various plants but, their occurrence in the plant kingdom is confined to only plant families of order Rutales and that too more abundantly in Meliaceae and Rutaceae, and less frequently in Cneoraceae and Harrisonia sp. of Simaroubaceae. Limonoids are highly oxygenated, modified terpenoids with a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. All naturally occurring citrus limonoids contain a furan ring attached to the D-ring, at C-17, as well as oxygen containing functional groups at C-3, C-4, C-7, C-16 and C-17. The structural variations of limonoids found in Rutaceae are less than in Meliaceae and are generally limited to the modification of A and B rings, the limonoids of Meliaceae are more complex with very high degree of oxidation and rearrangement exhibited in the parent limonoid structure. To counter the problem of bitterness in citrus juice and products genetic engineering of citrus to maximize the formation of limonoid glucosides for reducing limonoid bitterness is the focus of recent and future research. Regarding the biological activities of limonoids the investigations are to be directed towards detailed characterization, quantification, and designing a simple as well as versatile synthetic route of apparently important limonoids. Extraction methods too should be optimized; evaluation and establishment of pharmaco-dynamic and kinetic principles, and structure activity relationships should be a key goal associated with limonoids so that they can be safely introduced in our arsenal of pharmaceuticals to safeguard the humanity from the wrath of disease and its discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Vidya Vihar, Borawan-451228, Dist. Khargone, MP, India.
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Plant growth inhibitory activities by secondary metabolites isolated from Latin American flora. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Céspedes CL, Lemus A, Salazar JR, Cabrera A, Sharma P. Herbicidal, plant growth inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of bismuthines containing aromatic heterocycles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2923-9. [PMID: 12720372 DOI: 10.1021/jf025927s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the herbicidal and plant growth regulatory activities of tertiary bismuthines containing heterocyclic aromatic rings of the general formula (2-C(4)H(3)X)(3)Bi, where X = S (3), O (1), or NMe (2). Toxicity against Artemia salina and herbicidal activity on Lactuca sativa, Trifolium pratense, and Lolium multiflorum were tested. In addition to the effects on mitochondrial respiration obtained from roots of Phaseolus vulgaris, these compounds also demonstrated partial radical scavenging properties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The furyl substituent is the most important structural requirement for the activity measurements observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Céspedes
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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Céspedes CL, Uchoa A, Salazar JR, Perich F, Pardo F. Plant growth inhibitory activity of p-hydroxyacetophenones and tremetones from Chilean endemic Baccharis species and some analogous: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:2283-2292. [PMID: 11929285 DOI: 10.1021/jf011108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth inhibitory effects of acetophenones 1-6, tremetones 7-12, and MeOH and CH(2)Cl(2) extracts from the aerial parts of Baccharis linnearis, Baccharis magellanica, and Baccharis umbelliformis collected in Chile were assayed as growth inhibitory activity in ranges of 10-500 microM and 0.1-150 ppm, respectively. The effects on seedling growth, germination, and respiration of ryegrass, lettuce, green tomato, and red clover weedy target species were measured. In addition to the inhibitory activity on bleaching of crocin induced by alkoxyl radicals, these compounds also demonstrated scavenging properties toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl in thin-layer chromatography autographic and spectrophotometric assays. In addition, acetophenones and tremetones also showed inhibition of H(+) uptake and oxygen uptake respiration in isolated chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively. Our results indicate that 1, 4, 7-12, and CH(2)Cl(2) extracts interfere with the dicot preemergence properties, mainly energy metabolism of the seeds at the level of respiration. These compounds appear to have selective effects on the radicle more than shoot growth of dicot seeds. Also, the levels of radicle inhibition obtained with some compounds on Physalis ixocarpa and Trifolium pratense are totally comparable to those of ovatifolin, a known natural growth inhibitor. This behavior might be responsible for its plant growth inhibitory properties and its possible role as an allelopathic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Céspedes
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510 México D.F., México.
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Cespedes CL, Hoeneisen M, Bittner M, Becerra J, Silva M. Comparative study of ovatifolin antioxidant and growth inhibition activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:4243-4251. [PMID: 11559118 DOI: 10.1021/jf010351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on the effect of arturin (1), ovatifolin (3), deacetylovatifolin (5), and their 1-acetoxyarturin (2), 8-acetoxyovatifolin (4), 1,10-epoxyovatifolin (6), and 11,13-dihydroovatifolin (7) derivatives, isolated from Podanthus ovatifolius and Podanthus mitiqui, on the seedling growth, germination, and respiration of several monocot and dicot weedy target species was carried out. In addition to the inhibitory activity on the bleaching of crocin induced by alkoxyl radicals, these compounds also displayed scavenging properties toward DPPH in TLC autographic and spectrophotometric assays. The results indicate that ovatifolin (3), deacetylovatifolin (5), epoxyovatifolin (6), dihydroovatifolin (7), and the CH(2)Cl(2) extract interfere with pre-emergence of seedlings at the level of respiration. These compounds appear to have selective effects on the radicle and shoot growth of Physalis ixocarpa and Trifolium pratense. Their allelopathic effects are comparable to those of parthenolide, a know natural growth inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cespedes
- Instituto de Química, UNAM, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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