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Zheng W, Zhao G, Zhang W, Lian C, Zhang H, Hou X. iTRAQ proteome analysis reveals the underling mechanisms of foliage zinc-spraying to improve photosynthetic capacity and seed yields of Peaonia ostii 'Fengdan'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109082. [PMID: 39217824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a significant nutritional limitation to crop yield globally, particularly in calcareous soil environments. Tree peony of Peaonia ostii 'Fengdan' is regarded as an oil crop due to its seeds rich in alpha-linolenic acid, a beneficial compound for health promotion. However, low seed yield remains a primary challenge in attaining sufficient seed oil from tree peony. In this study, Zn fertilization was applied to soil or foliage of P. ostii 'Fengdan' in the growth period before fruit development. Our findings reveal that foliar Zn-spraying, as opposed to soil application, proves to be a more effective method for augmenting seed yield, Zn accumulation and photosynthetic capacity in 'Fengdan'. Comparative analyses of the leaf proteome of 'Fengdan' using iTRAQ profiling under foliar Zn-spraying identified 115 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 36 upregulated proteins, which likely contribute to the observed increase in seed yields of 'Fengdan' caused by foliage Zn-spraying. Specifically, Zn2+ stimulation of phosphatidylinositol signaling initiates a cascade of metabolic regulations. Firstly, ATP synthesis promotes leaf photosynthetic capacity, facilitated by improved sucrose metabolism through upregulated pullulanase and 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme. Furthermore, lipid synthesis and transport are facilitated by upregulated lipoyl synthase and plastid lipid-associated proteins. Additionally, DEPs involved in secondary metabolism are upregulated in the production of various metabolites conducive to 'Fengdan' growth. Overall, our results demonstrate that foliage Zn-spraying enhances seed yield in P. ostii 'Fengdan' by elevating Zn content and secondary metabolite synthesis in leaves, thereby augmenting leaf photosynthetic capacity and lipid synthesis. This study provides an effective way to increase seed yield of tree peony by exogenous Zn application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Luoyang National Peony Park, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Hongxiao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Xiaogai Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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2
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Lourenço IM, Freire BM, Pieretti JC, dos Reis RA, Soares NM, Santos MDL, Batista BL, Seabra AB, Lange CN. Implications of ZnO Nanoparticles and S-Nitrosoglutathione on Nitric Oxide, Reactive Oxidative Species, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Ionomic Profile in Rice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1871. [PMID: 37891950 PMCID: PMC10604056 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an important nutrient for several plants and humans. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that is important to biological processes that mediate the growth and mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. The present study investigated the enzymatic and photosynthetic profile and the accumulation of macro- and microelements in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) that received foliar treatments of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), nitric oxide donor (GSNO), and the association of both (GSNO-ZnO NPs). Zinc concentration in rice husks increased by 66% and 68% in plants treated with ZnO NPs and GSNO-ZnO NPs, respectively. The GSNO treatment caused an increase of 25% in the Fe concentration in the rice grains. Only a small disturbance of the antioxidant system was observed, with increases in H2O2, S-NO, and NO2-, mainly in the group treated with GSNO-ZnO NPs; however, the disturbance did not affect the yield, the growth, or vital processes, such as as photosynthetic pigments production. There was an increase in chlorophyll B of 290% and an increase in chlorophyll A of 187% when ZnO NPs was applied. GSNO-ZnO NPs increased chlorophyll B by 345% and chlorophyll A by 345%, indicating that the treatments GSNO, ZnO NPs, and GSNO-ZnO NPs reduced possible oxidative stress and helped as protective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Camila Neves Lange
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (I.M.L.); (B.M.F.); (J.C.P.); (R.A.d.R.); (N.M.S.); (M.d.L.S.); (B.L.B.); (A.B.S.)
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3
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Afzal S, Sirohi P, Yadav AK, Singh MP, Kumar A, Singh NK. A comparative screening of abiotic stress tolerance in early flowering rice mutants. J Biotechnol 2019; 302:112-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen J, Dou R, Yang Z, You T, Gao X, Wang L. Phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:604-612. [PMID: 30121512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the toxicity evaluation of ZnO NPs and their uptake and transportation in a significant crop plant, Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Under hydroponic condition, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs could inhibit the growth of rice seedlings by reducing their biomass comparing with Zn2+ (13.82 mg/L) treatment and the control. In addition, physiological index was determined, involving the decrease of the chlorophyll content, which was further confirmed by the down-regulation of photosynthetic pigment related genes. Based on the expression levels of the genes encoding three antioxidant enzyme, e.g. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), Ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), the oxidative damage was found in ZnO NPs exposed rice. On the other hand, by ultra-thin slicing and transmission electron microscopy, ZnO NPs were observed in the intercellular space and cytoplasm of rice root cells, and their transport to aerial tissue from roots were further confirmed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Overall, ZnO NPs could be uptaken by rice in the form of ions or particles, which further affected plant growth and development at phenotypic, physiological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Runzhi Dou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tingting You
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Northeast Normal University, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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5
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Evaluation of rice tetraticopeptide domain-containing thioredoxin as a novel solubility-enhancing fusion tag in Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:160-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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1- N-histidine phosphorylation of ChlD by the AAA + ChlI2 stimulates magnesium chelatase activity in chlorophyll synthesis. Biochem J 2017; 474:2095-2105. [PMID: 28487379 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium chelatase (Mg-chelatase) inserts magnesium into protoporphyrin during the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll. Enzyme activity is reconstituted by forming two separate preactivated complexes consisting of a GUN4/ChlH/protoporphyrin IX substrate complex and a ChlI/ChlD enzyme 'motor' complex. Formation of the ChlI/ChlD complex in both Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Oryza sativa is accompanied by phosphorylation of ChlD by ChlI, but the orthologous protein complex from Rhodobacter capsulatus, BchI/BchD, gives no detectable phosphorylation of BchD. Phosphorylation produces a 1-N-phospho-histidine within ChlD. Proteomic analysis indicates that phosphorylation occurs at a conserved His residue in the C-terminal integrin I domain of ChlD. Comparative analysis of the ChlD phosphorylation with enzyme activities of various ChlI/ChlD complexes correlates the phosphorylation by ChlI2 with stimulation of Mg-chelatase activity. Mutation of the H641 of CrChlD to E641 prevents both phosphorylation and stimulation of Mg-chelatase activity, confirming that phosphorylation at H641 stimulates Mg-chelatase. The properties of ChlI2 compared with ChlI1 of Chlamydomonas and with ChlI of Oryza, shows that ChlI2 has a regulatory role in Chlamydomonas.
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Qiao J, Li J, Chu W, Luo M. PRDA1, a novel chloroplast nucleoid protein, is required for early chloroplast development and is involved in the regulation of plastid gene expression in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:2071-84. [PMID: 24132784 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development requires accurate spatio-temporal expression of plastid genes. The regulation of plastid genes mediated by plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is rather complex, and its related mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we report the identification of a novel protein that is essential for plant development, PEP-Related Development Arrested 1 (PRDA1). Knock-out of PRDA1 in Arabidopsis (prda1 mutant) caused a seedling-lethal, albino phenotype and arrested the development of leaf chloroplasts. Localization analysis showed that PRDA1 was specifically targeted to chloroplasts and co-localized with chloroplast nucleoids, revealing that PRDA1 is a chloroplast nucleoid-associated protein. Gene expression analyses revealed that the PEP-dependent plastid transcript levels were greatly reduced in prda1. PRDA1 was co-expressed with most of the PEP-associated proteins. Protein interaction assays showed that PRDA1 clearly interacts with MRL7 and FSD2, both of which have been verified as essential for PEP-related chloroplast development. Reactive oxygen species scavenging through dimethylthiourea markedly alleviated the cotyledon-albino phenotypes of PRDA1 and MRL7 RNA interference seedlings. These results demonstrate that PRDA1 is required for early chloroplast development and involved in the regulation of plastid gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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8
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Luo T, Luo S, Araújo WL, Schlicke H, Rothbart M, Yu J, Fan T, Fernie AR, Grimm B, Luo M. Virus-induced gene silencing of pea CHLI and CHLD affects tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, chloroplast development and the primary metabolic network. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 65:17-26. [PMID: 23416492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The first committed and highly regulated step of chlorophyll biosynthesis is the insertion of Mg(2+) into protoporphyrin IX, which is catalyzed by Mg chelatase that consists of CHLH, CHLD and CHLI subunits. In this study, CHLI and CHLD genes were suppressed by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS-CHLI and VIGS-CHLD) in pea (Pisum sativum), respectively. VIGS-CHLI and VIGS-CHLD plants both showed yellow leaf phenotypes with the reduced Mg chelatase activity and the inactivated synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid. The lower chlorophyll accumulation correlated with undeveloped thylakoid membranes, altered chloroplast nucleoid structure, malformed antenna complexes and compromised photosynthesis capacity in the yellow leaf tissues of the VIGS-CHLI and VIGS-CHLD plants. Non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were altered in response to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the chlorophyll deficient leaves of VIGS-CHLI and VIGS-CHLD plants. Furthermore, the results of metabolite profiling indicate a tight correlation between primary metabolic pathways and Mg chelatase activity. We also found that CHLD induces a feedback-regulated change of the transcription of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes. CHLD and CHLI silencing resulted in a rapid reduction of photosynthetic proteins. Taken together, Mg chelatase is not only a key regulator of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis but its activity also correlates with ROS homeostasis, primary interorganellar metabolism and retrograde signaling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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9
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Luo T, Fan T, Liu Y, Rothbart M, Yu J, Zhou S, Grimm B, Luo M. Thioredoxin redox regulates ATPase activity of magnesium chelatase CHLI subunit and modulates redox-mediated signaling in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in pea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:118-30. [PMID: 22452855 PMCID: PMC3375955 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.195446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) function as messengers of redox signals from ferredoxin to target enzymes. In this work, we studied the regulatory impact of pea (Pisum sativum) TRX-F on the magnesium (Mg) chelatase CHLI subunit and the enzymatic activation of Mg chelatase in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, reduced TRX-F activated the ATPase activity of pea CHLI and enhanced the activity of Mg chelatase reconstituted from the three recombinant subunits CHLI, CHLD, and CHLH in combination with the regulator protein GENOMES UNCOUPLED4 (GUN4). Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that TRX-F physically interacts with CHLI but not with either of the other two subunits or GUN4. In vivo, virus-induced TRX-F gene silencing (VIGS-TRX-F) in pea plants did not result in an altered redox state of CHLI. However, simultaneous silencing of the pea TRX-F and TRX-M genes (VIGS-TRX-F/TRX-M) resulted in partially and fully oxidized CHLI in vivo. VIGS-TRX-F/TRX-M plants demonstrated a significant reduction in Mg chelatase activity and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesizing capacity as well as reduced pigment content and lower photosynthetic capacity. These results suggest that, in vivo, TRX-M can compensate for a lack of TRX-F and that both TRXs act as important redox regulators of Mg chelatase. Furthermore, the silencing of TRX-F and TRX-M expression also affects gene expression in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may also serve as an additional signal for the transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People′s Republic of China (T.L., T.F., Y.L., J.Y., S.Z., M.L.); and Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, D–10115 Berlin, Germany (T.L., M.R., B.G.)
| | - Tingting Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People′s Republic of China (T.L., T.F., Y.L., J.Y., S.Z., M.L.); and Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, D–10115 Berlin, Germany (T.L., M.R., B.G.)
| | - Yinan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People′s Republic of China (T.L., T.F., Y.L., J.Y., S.Z., M.L.); and Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, D–10115 Berlin, Germany (T.L., M.R., B.G.)
| | - Maxi Rothbart
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People′s Republic of China (T.L., T.F., Y.L., J.Y., S.Z., M.L.); and Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, D–10115 Berlin, Germany (T.L., M.R., B.G.)
| | - Jing Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People′s Republic of China (T.L., T.F., Y.L., J.Y., S.Z., M.L.); and Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, D–10115 Berlin, Germany (T.L., M.R., B.G.)
| | - Shuaixiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People′s Republic of China (T.L., T.F., Y.L., J.Y., S.Z., M.L.); and Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, D–10115 Berlin, Germany (T.L., M.R., B.G.)
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10
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Zhou S, Sawicki A, Willows RD, Luo M. C-terminal residues of oryza sativa GUN4 are required for the activation of the ChlH subunit of magnesium chelatase in chlorophyll synthesis. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:205-10. [PMID: 22226678 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oryza sativa GUN4 together with the magnesium chelatase subunits ChlI, ChlD, and ChlH have been heterologously expressed and purified to reconstitute magnesium chelatase activity in vitro. Maximum magnesium chelatase activity requires pre-activation of OsChlH with OsGUN4, Mg(2+) and protoporphyrin-IX. OsGUN4 and OsChlH preincubated without protoporphyrin-IX yields magnesium chelatase activity similar to assays without OsGUN4, suggesting formation of a dead-end complex. Either 9 or 10 C-terminal amino acids of OsGUN4 are slowly hydrolyzed to yield a truncated OsGUN4. These truncated OsGUN4 still bind protoporphyrin-IX and Mg-protoporphyrin-IX but are unable to activate OsChlH. This suggests the mechanism of GUN4 activation of magnesium chelatase is different in eukaryotes compared to cyanobacteria as the orthologous cyanobacterial GUN4 proteins lack this C-terminal extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaixiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Sawicki A, Willows RD. BchJ and BchM interact in a 1 : 1 ratio with the magnesium chelatase BchH subunit of Rhodobacter capsulatus. FEBS J 2010; 277:4709-21. [PMID: 20955518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Substrate channeling between the enzymatic steps in the (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by magnesium chelatase (BchI/ChlI, BchD/ChlD and BchH/ChlH subunits) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin IX O-methyltransferase (BchM/ChlM) has been suggested. This involves delivery of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX from the BchH/ChlH subunit of magnesium chelatase to BchM/ChlM. Stimulation of BchM/ChlM activity by BchH/ChlH has previously been shown, and physical interaction of the two proteins has been demonstrated. In plants and cyanobacteria, there is an added layer of complexity, as Gun4 serves as a porphyrin (protoporphyrin IX and magnesium-protoporphyrin IX) carrier, but this protein does not exist in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. BchJ may play a similar role to Gun4 in Rhodobacter, as it has no currently assigned function in the established pathway. Purified recombinant Rhodobacter capsulatus BchJ and BchM were found to cause a shift in the equilibrium amount of Mg-protoporphyrin IX formed in a magnesium chelatase assay. Analysis of this shift revealed that it was always in a 1 : 1 ratio with either of these proteins and the BchH subunit of the magnesium chelatase. The establishment of the new equilibrium was faster with BchM than with BchJ in a coupled magnesium chelatase assay. BchJ bound magnesium-protoporphyrin IX or formed a ternary complex with BchH and magnesium-protoporphyrin IX. These results suggest that BchJ may play a role as a general magnesium porphyrin carrier, similar to one of the roles of GUN4 in oxygenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Sawicki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Grimm B. Chapter 3 Control of the Metabolic Flow in Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis: Regulation of Expression and Activity of Enzymes in the Mg Branch of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis. THE CHLOROPLAST 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Adhikari ND, Orler R, Chory J, Froehlich JE, Larkin RM. Porphyrins promote the association of GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 and a Mg-chelatase subunit with chloroplast membranes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24783-96. [PMID: 19605356 PMCID: PMC2757182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.025205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, chlorophylls and other tetrapyrroles are synthesized from a branched pathway that is located within chloroplasts. GUN4 (GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4) stimulates chlorophyll biosynthesis by activating Mg-chelatase, the enzyme that commits porphyrins to the chlorophyll branch. GUN4 stimulates Mg-chelatase by a mechanism that involves binding the ChlH subunit of Mg-chelatase, as well as a substrate (protoporphyrin IX) and product (Mg-protoporphyrin IX) of Mg-chelatase. We chose to test whether GUN4 might also affect interactions between Mg-chelatase and chloroplast membranes, the site of chlorophyll biosynthesis. To test this idea, we induced chlorophyll precursor levels in purified pea chloroplasts by feeding these chloroplasts with 5-aminolevulinic acid, determined the relative levels of GUN4 and Mg-chelatase subunits in soluble and membrane-containing fractions derived from these chloroplasts, and quantitated Mg-chelatase activity in membranes isolated from these chloroplasts. We also monitored GUN4 levels in the soluble and membrane-containing fractions derived from chloroplasts fed with various porphyrins. Our results indicate that 5-aminolevulinic acid feeding stimulates Mg-chelatase activity in chloroplast membranes and that the porphyrin-bound forms of GUN4 and possibly ChlH associate most stably with chloroplast membranes. These findings are consistent with GUN4 stimulating chlorophyll biosynthesis not only by activating Mg-chelatase but also by promoting interactions between ChlH and chloroplast membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Adhikari
- From the Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory
- Genetics Program, and
| | - Robert Orler
- From the Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory
| | - Joanne Chory
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Robert M. Larkin
- From the Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and
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14
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Pelzmann A, Ferner M, Gnida M, Meyer-Klaucke W, Maisel T, Meyer O. The CoxD protein of Oligotropha carboxidovorans is a predicted AAA+ ATPase chaperone involved in the biogenesis of the CO dehydrogenase [CuSMoO2] cluster. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:9578-86. [PMID: 19189964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805354200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CO dehydrogenase from the Gram-negative chemolithoautotrophic eubacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5 is a structurally characterized molybdenum-containing iron-sulfur flavoenzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of CO (CO + H(2)O --> CO(2) + 2e(-) + 2H(+)). It accommodates in its active site a unique bimetallic [CuSMoO(2)] cluster, which is subject to post-translational maturation. Insertional mutagenesis of coxD has established its requirement for the assembly of the [CuSMoO(2)] cluster. Disruption of coxD led to a phenotype of the corresponding mutant OM5 D::km with the following characteristics: (i) It was impaired in the utilization of CO, whereas the utilization of H(2) plus CO(2) was not affected; (ii) Under appropriate induction conditions bacteria synthesized a fully assembled apo-CO dehydrogenase, which could not oxidize CO; (iii) Apo-CO dehydrogenase contained a [MoO(3)] site in place of the [CuSMoO(2)] cluster; and (iv) Employing sodium sulfide first and then the Cu(I)-(thiourea)(3) complex, the non-catalytic [MoO(3)] site could be reconstituted in vitro to a [CuSMoO(2)] cluster capable of oxidizing CO. Sequence information suggests that CoxD is a MoxR-like AAA+ ATPase chaperone related to the hexameric, ring-shaped BchI component of Mg(2+)-chelatases. Recombinant CoxD, which appeared in Escherichia coli in inclusion bodies, occurs exclusively in cytoplasmic membranes of O. carboxidovorans grown in the presence of CO, and its occurrence coincided with GTPase activity upon sucrose density gradient centrifugation of cell extracts. The presumed function of CoxD is the partial unfolding of apo-CO dehydrogenase to assist in the stepwise introduction of sulfur and copper in the [MoO(3)] center of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Pelzmann
- University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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Jung KH, Hur J, Ryu CH, Choi Y, Chung YY, Miyao A, Hirochika H, An G. Characterization of a rice chlorophyll-deficient mutant using the T-DNA gene-trap system. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 44:463-72. [PMID: 12773632 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcg064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have previously generated a large pool of T-DNA insertional lines in rice. In this study, we screened those T-DNA pools for rice mutants that had defective chlorophylls. Among the 1,995 lines examined in the T2 generation, 189 showed a chlorophyll-deficient phenotype that segregated as a single recessive locus. Among the mutants, 10 lines were beta-glucuronidase (GUS)-positive in the leaves. Line 9-07117 has a T-DNA insertion into the gene that is highly homologous to XANTHA-F in barley and CHLH in Arabidopsis: This OsCHLH gene encodes the largest subunit of the rice Mg-chelatase, a key enzyme in the chlorophyll branch of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway. In the T2 and T3 generations, the chlorina mutant phenotypes are co-segregated with the T-DNA. We have identified two additional chlorina mutants that have a Tos17 insertion in the OsCHLH gene. Those phenotypes were co-segregated with Tos17 in the progeny. GUS assays and RNA blot analysis showed that expression of the OsCHLH gene is light inducible, while TEM analysis revealed that the thylakoid membrane of the mutant chloroplasts is underdeveloped. The chlorophyll content was very low in the OschlH mutants. This is the first report that T-DNA insertional mutagenesis can be used for functional analysis of rice genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hong Jung
- National Research Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
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Fodje MN, Hansson A, Hansson M, Olsen JG, Gough S, Willows RD, Al-Karadaghi S. Interplay between an AAA module and an integrin I domain may regulate the function of magnesium chelatase. J Mol Biol 2001; 311:111-22. [PMID: 11469861 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In chlorophyll biosynthesis, insertion of Mg(2+) into protoporphyrin IX is catalysed in an ATP-dependent reaction by a three-subunit (BchI, BchD and BchH) enzyme magnesium chelatase. In this work we present the three-dimensional structure of the ATP-binding subunit BchI. The structure has been solved by the multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion method and refined at 2.1 A resolution to the crystallographic R-factor of 22.2 % (R(free)=24.5 %). It belongs to the chaperone-like "ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities" (AAA) family of ATPases, with a novel arrangement of domains: the C-terminal helical domain is located behind the nucleotide-binding site, while in other known AAA module structures it is located on the top. Examination by electron microscopy of BchI solutions in the presence of ATP demonstrated that BchI, like other AAA proteins, forms oligomeric ring structures. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of subunit BchD revealed an AAA module at the N-terminal portion of the sequence and an integrin I domain at the C terminus. An acidic, proline-rich region linking these two domains is suggested to contribute to the association of BchI and BchD by binding to a positively charged cleft at the surface of the nucleotide-binding domain of BchI. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of BchI and BchH revealed integrin I domain-binding sequence motifs. These are proposed to bind the integrin I domain of BchD during the functional cycle of magnesium chelatase, linking porphyrin metallation by BchH to ATP hydrolysis by BchI. An integrin I domain and an acidic and proline-rich region have been identified in subunit CobT of cobalt chelatase, clearly demonstrating its homology to BchD. These findings, for the first time, provide an insight into the subunit organisation of magnesium chelatase and the homologous colbalt chelatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Fodje
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
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