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Bell SM, Hariharan R, Laud PJ, Majid A, de Courten B. Histidine-containing dipeptide supplementation improves delayed recall: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad135. [PMID: 38013229 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Histidine-containing dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, beta-alanine and others) are found in human muscle tissue and other organs like the brain. Data in rodents and humans indicate that administration of exogenous carnosine improved cognitive performance. However, RCTs results vary. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of histidine-containing dipeptide (HCD) supplementation on cognitive performance in humans to assess its utility as a cognitive stabiliser. DATA SOURCES OVID Medline, Medline, EBM Reviews, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from 1/1/1965 to 1/6/2022 for all RCT of HCDs were searched. DATA EXTRACTION 2653 abstracts were screened, identifying 94 full-text articles which were assessed for eligibility. Ten articles reporting the use of HCD supplementation were meta-analysed. DATA ANALYSIS The random effects model has been applied using the DerSimonian-Laird method. HCD treatment significantly increased performance on Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) -2 Delayed recall (Weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI (CI)) = 1.5 (0.6, 2.5), P < .01). Treatment with HCDs had no effect on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (WMD (95% CI) = -0.2 (-1.1, 0.7), P = .65, I2 = 0%), Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD (95% CI) = 0.7 (-0.2, 1.5), P = .14, I2 = 42%), The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit span Backward (WMD (95% CI) = 0.1 (-0.3, 0.5), P = .51, I2 = 0%), WAIS digit span Forward (WMD (95% CI) = 0.0 (-0.3, 0.4), P = .85, I2 = 33%) and the WMS-1 Immediate recall (WMD (95% CI) = .7 (-.2, 1.5), P = .11, I2 = 0%). The effect on delayed recall remained in subgroup meta-analysis performed on studies of patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in those without MCI where average age in the study was above 65. CONCLUSION HCD, supplementation improved scores on the Delayed recall examination, a neuropsychological test affected early in Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are needed in people with early cognitive impairment with longer follow-up duration and standardization of carnosine doses to delineate the true effect. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Bell
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rohit Hariharan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Peter J Laud
- Statistical Services Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- Health & Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Malsagova KA, Kopylov AT, Stepanov AA, Enikeev DV, Potoldykova NV, Balakin EI, Pustovoyt VI, Kaysheva AL. Molecular Profiling of Athletes Performing High-Intensity Exercises in Extreme Environments. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020036. [PMID: 36828321 PMCID: PMC9963857 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of high-intensity training under extreme conditions (T = 40 °C) on the metabolism and immunological reactions of athletes. Male triathletes (n = 11) with a high level of sports training performed load testing to failure (17 ± 2.7 min) and maximum oxygen consumption (64.1 ± 6.4 mL/min/kg). Blood plasma samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. Mass spectrometric metabolomic analysis identified 30 metabolites and 6 hormones in the plasma, of which 21 and 4 changed after exercise, respectively. Changes in the intermediate products of tricarboxylic and amino acids were observed (FC > 1.5) after exercise. The obtained data can be associated with the effect of physical activity on metabolism in athletes. Therefore, constant monitoring of the biochemical parameters of athletes can help coaches identify individual shortcomings in a timely manner and track changes, especially as the volume of training increases. In addition, it was revealed that the immunological reaction (manifestation of a hyperactive reaction to food components) is personalized in nature. Therefore, it is important for coaches and sports doctors to analyze and control the eating behavior of athletes to identify food intolerances or food allergies in a timely manner and develop an individual elimination diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Malsagova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-764-98-78
| | - Arthur T. Kopylov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Stepanov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, First Moscow State Medical Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Potoldykova
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, First Moscow State Medical Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii I. Balakin
- State Research Center–Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt
- State Research Center–Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
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Lopachev AV, Abaimov DA, Filimonov IS, Kulichenkova KN, Fedorova TN. An assessment of the transport mechanism and intraneuronal stability of L-carnosine. Amino Acids 2021; 54:1115-1122. [PMID: 34694500 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a well-known antioxidant and neuroprotector in various models on animals and cell cultures. However, while there is a plethora of data demonstrating its efficiency as a neuroprotector, there is a distinct lack of data regarding the mechanism of its take up by neurons. According to literature, cultures of rat astrocytes, SKPT cells and rat choroid plexus epithelial cells take up carnosine via the H+-coupled PEPT2 membrane transporter. We've assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of carnosine transport, and its stability in primary rat cortical culture neurons. We demonstrated that neurons take up carnosine via active transport with Km = 119 μM and a maximum velocity of 0.289 nmol/mg (prot)/min. Passive transport speed constituted 0.21∙10-4 nmol/mg (prot)/min (with 119 μM concentration in the medium)-significantly less than active transport speed. However, carnosine concentrations over 12.5 mM led to passive transport speed becoming greater than active transport speed. Using PEPT2 inhibitor zofenopril, we demonstrated that PEPT2-dependent transport is one of the main modes of carnosine take up by neurons. Our experiments demonstrated that incubation with carnosine does not affect PEPT2 amount present in culture. At the same time, after removing carnosine from the medium, its elimination speed by culture cells reached 0.035 nmol/mg (prot)/min, which led to a decrease in carnosine quantity to control levels in culture within 1 h. Thus, carnosine is taken up by neurons with an effectiveness comparable to that of other PEPT2 substrates, but its elimination rate suggests that for effective use as a neuroprotector it's necessary to either maintain a high concentration in brain tissue, or increase the effectiveness of glial cell synthesis of endogenous carnosine and its shuttling into neurons, or use more stable chemical modifications of carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis A Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Filimonov
- All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements, 119361, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Dolan E, Warren DE, Harris RC, Sale C, Gualano B, Saunders B. Skeletal muscle histidine-containing dipeptide contents are increased in freshwater turtles (C. picta bellii) with cold-acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 262:111071. [PMID: 34492385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater turtles found in higher latitudes can experience extreme challenges to acid-base homeostasis while overwintering, due to a combination of cold temperatures along with the potential for environmental hypoxia. Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs; carnosine, anserine and balenine) may facilitate pH regulation in response to these challenges, through their role as pH buffers. We measured the HCD content of three tissues (liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle) from the anoxia-tolerant painted turtle (C. picta bellii) acclimated to either 3 or 20 °C. HCDs were detected in all tissues, with the highest content shown in the skeletal muscle. Turtles acclimated to 3 °C had more HCD in their skeletal muscle than those acclimated to 20 °C (carnosine = 20.8 ± 4.5 vs 12.5 ± 5.9 mmol·kg DM-1; ES = 1.59 (95%CI: 0.16-3.00), P = 0.013). The higher HCD content shown in the skeletal muscle of the cold-acclimated turtles suggests a role in acid-base regulation in response to physiological challenges associated with living in the cold, with the increase possibly related to the temperature sensitivity of carnosine's dissociation constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel E Warren
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, MO, United States.
| | | | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Centre, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Gonçalves LDS, Sales LP, Saito TR, Campos JC, Fernandes AL, Natali J, Jensen L, Arnold A, Ramalho L, Bechara LRG, Esteca MV, Correa I, Sant'Anna D, Ceroni A, Michelini LC, Gualano B, Teodoro W, Carvalho VH, Vargas BS, Medeiros MHG, Baptista IL, Irigoyen MC, Sale C, Ferreira JCB, Artioli GG. Histidine dipeptides are key regulators of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle: Evidence from a novel CARNS1 knockout rat model. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102016. [PMID: 34038814 PMCID: PMC8144739 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are abundantly expressed in striated muscles. Although important properties have been ascribed to HCDs, including H+ buffering, regulation of Ca2+ transients and protection against oxidative stress, it remains unknown whether they play relevant functions in vivo. To investigate the in vivo roles of HCDs, we developed the first carnosine synthase knockout (CARNS1−/−) rat strain to investigate the impact of an absence of HCDs on skeletal and cardiac muscle function. Male wild-type (WT) and knockout rats (4 months-old) were used. Skeletal muscle function was assessed by an exercise tolerance test, contractile function in situ and muscle buffering capacity in vitro. Cardiac function was assessed in vivo by echocardiography and cardiac electrical activity by electrocardiography. Cardiomyocyte contractile function was assessed in isolated cardiomyocytes by measuring sarcomere contractility, along with the determination of Ca2+ transient. Markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and expression of proteins were also evaluated in cardiac muscle. Animals were supplemented with carnosine (1.8% in drinking water for 12 weeks) in an attempt to rescue tissue HCDs levels and function. CARNS1−/− resulted in the complete absence of carnosine and anserine, but it did not affect exercise capacity, skeletal muscle force production, fatigability or buffering capacity in vitro, indicating that these are not essential for pH regulation and function in skeletal muscle. In cardiac muscle, however, CARNS1−/− resulted in a significant impairment of contractile function, which was confirmed both in vivo and ex vivo in isolated sarcomeres. Impaired systolic and diastolic dysfunction were accompanied by reduced intracellular Ca2+ peaks and slowed Ca2+ removal, but not by increased markers of oxidative stress or impaired mitochondrial respiration. No relevant increases in muscle carnosine content were observed after carnosine supplementation. Results show that a primary function of HCDs in cardiac muscle is the regulation of Ca2+ handling and excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de Souza Gonçalves
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Peixoto Sales
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiemi Raquel Saito
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Lins Fernandes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Natali
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Jensen
- Laboratório de Hipertensão do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Arnold
- Laboratório de Hipertensão do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisley Ramalho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Vinicius Esteca
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Isis Correa
- Laboratório de Hipertensão do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Hipertensão do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ceroni
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Igor Luchini Baptista
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Laboratório de Hipertensão do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | | | - Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Masuoka N, Lei C, Li H, Inamura N, Shiotani S, Yanai N, Sato K, Sakurai K, Hisatsune T. Anserine, HClO-scavenger, protected against cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1729-1741. [PMID: 33472172 PMCID: PMC7880346 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a promising target when considering strategies for treating AD. In particular, it has been shown that neutrophils and MPO-mediated neuroinflammatory responses with the production of HClO play a role in the progression of AD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of anserine, a scavenger of HClO, on the protection of cognitive declines in persons with MCI. Fifty-eight elderly volunteers were screened, and 36 MCI individuals were assigned either to an active arm, who received 500 mg anserine per day, or a placebo arm, for 12-weeks. To assess cognitive function, we performed MMSE at baseline and after the ingestion. The data of the MMSE for 30 subjects who completed the follow-up tests were analyzed. A significant difference was detected in the change score of MMSE between the active arm (1.9 ± 2.0; n = 15) and the placebo arm (0 ± 2.8; n = 15) (p = 0.036). After the correction with the daily intake of anserine, the significance was elevated (p = 0.0176). Our results suggest that anserine protects elderly persons with MCI from cognitive declines by suppressing MPO-mediated neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Masuoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chenxu Lei
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Haowei Li
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Noriko Inamura
- Community Hearth Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa, Japan.,Urban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Nobuya Yanai
- Research Division, Tokai Bussan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Sakurai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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An Untargeted Metabolomics Investigation of Jiulong Yak ( Bos grunniens) Meat by 1H-NMR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040481. [PMID: 32290528 PMCID: PMC7230376 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yak represents the main meat source for Tibetan people. This work aimed to investigate the metabolome of raw meat from Jiulong yaks, focusing on specimens farmed and harvested locally through traditional procedures. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) was selected as the analytical platform. Samples from longissimus thoracis, trapezius, triceps brachii and biceps femoris muscles, with different prevalences of red and white fibers, were selected. Among the fifty-three metabolites quantified in each of them, carnitine, carnosine, creatine and taurine are known for their bioactive properties. Twelve molecules were found to be differently concentrated in relation to muscle type. Longissimus thoracis, compared to biceps femoris, had higher concentrations of carnosine and formate and lower concentrations of mannose, inosine, threonine, IMP, alanine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and leucine. A metabolic pathway analysis suggested that the main pathways differing among the muscles were connected to the turnover of amino acids. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of yak raw meat metabolism and muscle type differences, which can be used as an initial reference for the meat industry to set up muscle-specific investigations. The possibility of simultaneously quantifying several bioactive compounds suggests that these investigations could revolve around meat’s nutritional value.
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Jakubowski M, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Doroszko A. The Human Carbonic Anhydrase II in Platelets: An Underestimated Field of Its Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4548353. [PMID: 30050931 PMCID: PMC6046183 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4548353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases constitute a group of enzymes that catalyse reversible hydration of carbon dioxide leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton. The platelet carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was described for the first time in the '80s of the last century. Nevertheless, its direct role in platelet physiology and pathology still remains poorly understood. The modulation of platelet CAII action as a therapeutic approach holds promise as a novel strategy to reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases. This short review paper summarises the current knowledge regarding the role of human CAII in regulating platelet function. The potential future directions considering this enzyme as a potential drug target and important pathophysiological chain in platelet-related disorders are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jakubowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Al-Khelaifi F, Diboun I, Donati F, Botrè F, Alsayrafi M, Georgakopoulos C, Suhre K, Yousri NA, Elrayess MA. A pilot study comparing the metabolic profiles of elite-level athletes from different sporting disciplines. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2018; 4:2. [PMID: 29305667 PMCID: PMC5756230 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The outstanding performance of an elite athlete might be associated with changes in their blood metabolic profile. The aims of this study were to compare the blood metabolic profiles between moderate- and high-power and endurance elite athletes and to identify the potential metabolic pathways underlying these differences. Methods Metabolic profiling of serum samples from 191 elite athletes from different sports disciplines (121 high- and 70 moderate-endurance athletes, including 44 high- and 144 moderate-power athletes), who participated in national or international sports events and tested negative for doping abuse at anti-doping laboratories, was performed using non-targeted metabolomics-based mass spectroscopy combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate analysis was conducted using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Differences in metabolic levels between high- and moderate-power and endurance sports were assessed by univariate linear models. Results Out of 743 analyzed metabolites, gamma-glutamyl amino acids were significantly reduced in both high-power and high-endurance athletes compared to moderate counterparts, indicating active glutathione cycle. High-endurance athletes exhibited significant increases in the levels of several sex hormone steroids involved in testosterone and progesterone synthesis, but decreases in diacylglycerols and ecosanoids. High-power athletes had increased levels of phospholipids and xanthine metabolites compared to moderate-power counterparts. Conclusions This pilot data provides evidence that high-power and high-endurance athletes exhibit a distinct metabolic profile that reflects steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and energy-related metabolites. Replication studies are warranted to confirm differences in the metabolic profiles associated with athletes’ elite performance in independent data sets, aiming ultimately for deeper understanding of the underlying biochemical processes that could be utilized as biomarkers with potential therapeutic implications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40798-017-0114-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Al-Khelaifi
- Anti Doping Laboratory Qatar, Sports City, P.O Box 27775, Doha, Qatar.,University College London-Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- Department of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar-Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Computer and System Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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10
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Min J, Senut MC, Rajanikant K, Greenberg E, Bandagi R, Zemke D, Mousa A, Kassab M, Farooq MU, Gupta R, Majid A. Differential neuroprotective effects of carnosine, anserine, and N-acetyl carnosine against permanent focal ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:2984-91. [PMID: 18543335 PMCID: PMC2805719 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been shown to exhibit neuroprotection in rodent models of cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we further characterized the effects of carnosine treatment in a mouse model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia and compared them with its related peptides anserine and N-acetylated carnosine. We also evaluated the efficacy of bestatin, a carnosinase inhibitor, in ameliorating ischemic brain damage. Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). Mice were subsequently randomly assigned to receive an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (0.9% saline), carnosine, N-acetyl carnosine, anserine, bestatin alone, or bestatin with carnosine. Infarct size was examined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining 1, 3, and 7 days following pMCAO, and neurological function was evaluated using an 18-point-based scale. Brain levels of carnosine were measured in treated mice using high-performance liquid chromatography 1 day following pMCAO. We demonstrated that treatment with carnosine, but not its analogues, was able to significantly reduce infarct volume and improve neurological function compared with those in vehicle-treated mice. These beneficial effects were maintained for 7 days post-pMCAO. In contrast, compared with the vehicle-treated group, bestatin-treated mice displayed an increase in the severity of ischemic lesion, which was prevented by the addition of carnosine. These new data further characterize the neuroprotective effects of carnosine and suggest that carnosine may be an attractive candidate for testing as a stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Min
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Marie-Claude Senut
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Krishnamurthy Rajanikant
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Eric Greenberg
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ram Bandagi
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel Zemke
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ahmad Mousa
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mounzer Kassab
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Muhammad U. Farooq
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Rishi Gupta
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Arshad Majid
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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