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Spelzini D, Farruggia B, Picó G. Purification of chymotrypsin from pancreas homogenate by adsorption onto non-soluble alginate beads. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prakash O, Jaiswal N. A highly efficient and thermostable α-amylase from soya bean seeds. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2010; 57:105-10. [PMID: 20961290 DOI: 10.1042/ba20100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The α-amylase from soya bean seeds was purified by affinity precipitation, resulting in approx. 20-fold purification with approx. 84% recovery. The purified α-amylase had an optimum pH of 5.5, optimum temperature of 75 °C, Arrhenius energy of activation of 6.03 kcal/mol (1 kcal≈4.184 kJ) and a Km of 2.427 mg/ml (starch substrate). The enzyme had maximum substrate specificity for starch. Among the various metal ions tested, Co2+ and Mn2+ were found to be strong activators. The effect of thiol group modifying agents showed that the thiols of soya bean α-amylase are not directly involved in catalysis. The thermostability of the enzyme makes it suitable for starch liquefaction and the detergent industry respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
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Affinity covalent immobilization of glucoamylase onto ρ-benzoquinone activated alginate beads: I. Beads preparation and characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 164:10-22. [PMID: 21038087 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ρ-Benzoquinone-activated alginate beads were presented as a new carrier for affinity covalent immobilization of glucoamylase enzyme. Evidences of alginate modification were extracted from FT-IR and thermal gravimetric analysis and supported by morphological changes recognized through SEM examination. Factors affecting the modification process such as ρ-benzoquinone (PBQ) concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, reaction pH and finally alginate concentration, have been studied. Its influence on the amount of coupled PBQ was consequently correlated to the changes of the catalytic activity and the retained activity of immobilized enzyme, the main parameters judging the success of the immobilization process. The immobilized glucoamylase was found kept almost 80% of its native activity giving proof of non-significant substrate, starch, diffusion limitation. The proposed affinity covalent immobilizing technique would rank among the potential strategies for efficient immobilization of glucoamylase enzyme.
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Production and characterization of a milk-clotting enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 5341. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1849-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tee BL, Kaletunç G. Immobilization of a thermostable alpha-amylase by covalent binding to an alginate matrix increases high temperature usability. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:436-45. [PMID: 19353735 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable alpha-amylase was covalently bound to calcium alginate matrix to be used for starch hydrolysis at liquefaction temperature of 95 degrees C. 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) was used as crosslinker. EDAC reacts with the carboxylate groups on the calcium alginate matrix and the amine groups of the enzyme. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment was applied to increase the number of available carboxylate groups on the calcium alginate matrix for EDAC binding. After the immobilization was completed, the beads were treated with 0.1 M calcium chloride solution to reinstate the bead mechanical strength. Enzyme loading efficiency, activity, and reusability of the immobilized alpha-amylase were investigated. Covalently bound thermostable alpha-amylase to calcium alginate produced a total of 53 g of starch degradation/mg of bound protein after seven consecutive starch hydrolysis cycles of 10 min each at 95 degrees C in a stirred batch reactor. The free and covalently bound alpha-amylase had maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 6.0, respectively. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) of the immobilized enzyme (0.98 mg/mL) was 2.5 times greater than that of the free enzyme (0.40 mg/mL). The maximum reaction rate (V(max)) of immobilized and free enzyme were determined to be 10.4-mg starch degraded/mL min mg bound protein and 25.7-mg starch degraded/mL min mg protein, respectively. The high cumulative activity and seven successive reuses obtained at liquefaction temperature make the covalently bound thermostable alpha-amylase to calcium alginate matrix, a promising candidate for use in industrial starch hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon L Tee
- Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering Dept., The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Roy I, Gupta MN. Unexpected affinity of polysaccharides and its application in separation of enzymes on fluidized beds. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-120002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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COLEMAN RA, RAMCHUNDER SJ, MOODY AJ, FOGGO A. An enzyme in snail saliva induces herbivore-resistance in a marine alga. Funct Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar RSS, Vishwanath K, Singh SA, Rao AA. Entrapment of α-amylase in alginate beads: Single step protocol for purification and thermal stabilization. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Magnin D, Dumitriu S. Interactions Between Polysaccharides and Polypeptides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420030822.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Gugerli R, Breguet V, von Stockar U, Marison I. Immobilization as a tool to control fermentation in yeast-leavened refrigerated dough. Food Hydrocoll 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Garipcan B, Andaç M, Uzun L, Denizli A. Methacryloylamidocysteine functionalized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) beads and its design as a metal-chelate affinity support for human serum albumin adsorption. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Westerfors M, Tedebark U, Andersson HO, Ohrman S, Choudhury D, Ersoy O, Shinohara Y, Axén A, Carredano E, Baumann H. Structure-based discovery of a new affinity ligand to pancreatic α-amylase. J Mol Recognit 2003; 16:396-405. [PMID: 14732931 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A ligand useful for affinity capture of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase was found by virtual screening of the commercially available compound data base MDL Available Chemicals Directory. Hits from the virtual screening were investigated for binding by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and surface plasmon resonance. Selected compounds were tested for inhibition of the enzyme using a NMR-based assay. One of the binders found was covalently coupled to a chromatographic resin and a column, packed with this resin, could retain alpha-amylase, which subsequently was eluted by introduction of the known inhibitor acarbose to the elution buffer.
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Safaríková M, Roy I, Gupta MN, Safarík I. Magnetic alginate microparticles for purification of $alpha;-amylases. J Biotechnol 2003; 105:255-60. [PMID: 14580797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spherical magnetic alginate microparticles (25-60 microm in diameter) were prepared using the microemulsion system, with water-saturated 1-pentanol as the organic phase. The limited solubility of 1-pentanol in water enabled simple removal of the organic solvent from the prepared beads with water solution. The prepared alginate microparticles were used as magnetic affinity adsorbents for specific purification of alpha-amylases. Enzyme activity was eluted by 1.0 M maltose. alpha-Amylases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and porcine pancreatic acetone powder were purified 9- and 12-fold with 88 and 96% activity recovery, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safaríková
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 Ceské Budĕjovice, Czech Republic.
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Roy I, Gupta MN. kappa-Carrageenan as a new smart macroaffinity ligand for the purification of pullulanase. J Chromatogr A 2003; 998:103-8. [PMID: 12862376 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
kappa-Carrageenan is a polysaccharide from red seaweed which gets precipitated by K+ ions and dissolves again in water. This smart, K(+)-responsive polymer was found to selectively bind pullulanase activity from Bacillus acidopullulyticus. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 showed the formation of the polymer-pullulanase complex at the pre-precipitation stage. On the other hand, phospholipase D, an enzyme which did not co-precipitate with kappa-carrageenan, did not form any complex with the polymer. Thus, K+ ions could be used to selectively precipitate the pullulanase activity. Then, 92% enzyme activity could be eluted with 1 M maltose solution. The single step protocol resulted in 50-fold purification, with a single band on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Roy
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Sharma S, Roy I, Gupta MN. Separation of phospholipase D from peanut on a fluidized bed of crosslinked alginate beads. Biochem Eng J 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(01)00113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teotia S, Lata R, Khare SK, Gupta MN. One-step purification of glucoamylase by affinity precipitation with alginate. J Mol Recognit 2001; 14:295-9. [PMID: 11746949 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It was found that alginate binds to glucoamylase, presumably through the recognition of starch binding domain of the latter. The present work exploits this for purification of glucoamylases from commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger and crude culture filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by affinity precipitation technique in a single-step protocol. Glucoamylase is selectively precipitated using alginate as macroaffinity ligand and later eluted with 1.0 M maltose. In the case of A. niger, 81% activity is recovered with 28-fold purification. The purified glucoamylase gave a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to 78 kDa molecular weight. The developed affinity precipitation process also works efficiently for purification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens glucoamylase from its crude culture filtrate, giving 78% recovery with 38-fold purification. The purified preparation showed a major band corresponding to 62 kDa and a faint band about 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The latter corresponds to the molecular weight for alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Teotia
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
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Teotia S, Khare SK, Gupta MN. An efficient purification process for sweet potato beta-amylase by affinity precipitation with alginate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:792-795. [PMID: 11397460 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
beta-amylases are used in production of maltose syrup. It is shown that sweet potato beta-amylase can be purified by affinity precipitation with alginate with 80% activity yield and 44 fold purification. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein showed a single band and a subunit weight of 50 kDa. Preliminary data with soybean and barley enzymes indicate that this may be a general method for purification of beta-amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Teotia
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, 110016, New Delhi, India
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Sardar M, Roy I, Gupta MN. Simultaneous purification and immobilization of Aspergillus niger xylanase on the reversibly soluble polymer Eudragit(TM) L-100. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 27:672-679. [PMID: 11064049 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The non-covalent immobilization of a commercial preparation of xylanase from A. niger was carried out on a reversibly soluble-insoluble enteric polymer Eudragit(TM) L-100. The immobilization of the xylanase activity by adsorption was simultaneously accompanied by removal of cellulase activity since the latter did not bind to the polymer. Thus, the soluble enzyme derivative may be useful for treatment of paper pulp bleaching in paper industry. The immobilized xylanase retained 60% of its activity toward xylan as the substrate. No change was observed in the pH optimum (5.5) of the enzyme upon immobilization. Only marginal increase in the K(m) of the free enzyme (3.6 mg ml(-1) to 5.0 mg ml(-1)) upon immobilization on the soluble polymer reflected that the enzyme-substrate binding continues to be efficient in spite of the macromolecular nature of the substrate. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV difference spectroscopy were used to probe the change(s) in the enzyme structure upon immobilization. This change in structure was correlated with the "effectiveness factor" of the enzyme activity. CD spectra also showed that the enzyme undergoes drastic changes in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sardar
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110016, New Delhi, India
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Roy I, Sastry MS, Johri BN, Gupta MN. Purification of alpha-amylase isoenzymes from Scytalidium thermophilum on a fluidized bed of alginate beads followed by concanavalin A-agarose column chromatography. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 20:162-8. [PMID: 11049740 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An alpha-amylase has been purified from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum. A ninefold purification was achieved in a single step using fluidized bed chromatography wherein alginate was used as the affinity matrix. There are at least two isoenzymes as shown by concanavalin A (Con A)-agarose column chromatography. The isoenzyme binding to Con A is stable for at least 3 h at 80 degrees C in the presence of calcium ions. The isoenzymes have similar molecular weights of around 45,000 Da as shown by SDS-PAGE analysis. The isoenzymes differ only slightly in their pH optima and temperature optima but the isoenzyme binding to Con A-agarose has slightly higher thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Roy
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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Roy I, Sardar M, Gupta MN. Exploiting unusual affinity of usual polysaccharides for separation of enzymes on fluidized beds. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 27:53-65. [PMID: 10862902 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides, alginate and chitosan, showed unusual affinity and bound alpha-amylase (from various sources) and Aspergillus niger cellulase, respectively. The beads prepared from these polymers were successfully used for the purification of the respective enzymes by fluidized bed affinity chromatography. alpha-amylase from wheat germ could be purified by 58-fold with about 90% recovery of activity. Aspergillus niger cellulase, on the other hand, was purified by 30-fold with 80% recovery of enzyme activity. Both purified preparations show single band on SDS-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Roy
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110016, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
alpha-Amylase from various sources was found to bind alginate in free solution. The alginate-enzyme complex could be precipitated with Ca(2+). The enzyme activity could be recovered by dissolving the precipitate in 1 M maltose and precipitating alginate alone by addition of Ca(2+). Based upon these observations, alpha-amylase from wheat germ was purified with 68-fold purification and 72% recovery. The molecular weight estimated by SDS-PAGE was 18 kDa. The method also worked equally well with alpha-amylase for the whole wheat seed. The latter enzyme could be purified 54-fold with 70% activity recovery. The molecular weight of this second enzyme was estimated to be 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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