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Almón B, Pérez-Dieste J, de Carlos A, Bañón R. Identification of the shell-boring parasite Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) on wild stocks of Pecten maximus in Galician waters, NW Spain. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Bennion M, Lane H, McDonald IR, Ross P. Histopathology of a threatened surf clam, toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) from Aotearoa New Zealand. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 188:107716. [PMID: 35031296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) is endemic to Aotearoa (New Zealand). Following decades of overfishing in the 1900 s, commercial and recreational fishing of toheroa is now prohibited. For unknown reasons, protective measures in place for over 40 years have not ensured the recovery of toheroa populations. For the first time, a systematic pathology survey was undertaken to provide a baseline of toheroa health in remaining major populations. Using histopathology, parasites and pathologies in a range of tissues are assessed and quantified spatio-temporally. Particular focus is placed on intracellular microcolonies of bacteria (IMCs). Bayesian ordinal logistic regression is used to model IMC infection and several facets of toheroa health. Model outputs show condition to be the most important predictor of IMC intensity in toheroa tissues. The precarious state of many toheroa populations around Aotearoa should warrant greater attention from scientists, conservationists, and regulators. It is hoped that this study will provide some insight into the current health status of a treasured and iconic constituent of several expansive surf beaches in Aotearoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bennion
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Henry Lane
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ian R McDonald
- School of Science - Te Aka Matuatua, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Phil Ross
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand
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3
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Castro KL, Battini N, Giachetti CB, Trovant B, Abelando M, Basso NG, Schwindt E. Early detection of marine invasive species following the deployment of an artificial reef: Integrating tools to assist the decision-making process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113333. [PMID: 34329910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and rapid response plans are a set of principles to reduce the establishment, spread and impact of invasive species and it is a critical step in management in marine ecosystems. Two potentially invasive ascidians attached to the hull of a recently sunk fishing vessel were early detected in Patagonia. With the aim of assisting in the management decision-making process during the early steps of a rapid response, we conducted several analyses through different approaches. First, we identified the species through classic taxonomical and genetic analyses. Then, we evaluated the regional and international shipping connectivity to study potential donor regions and finally, we used species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the potential distribution of these species. The potentially invasive ascidians were identified as Styela clava and Styela plicata, and this is the first record for both species in the Nuevo gulf, Patagonia Argentina. Both species have a widespread distribution around the world with strong ecological and economic impacts documented. Shipping traffic analysis suggested that S. plicata could have arrived by secondary spread from regional ports, while the arrival of S. clava was likely to be associated with international shipping traffic. Furthermore, the SDM predicted that S. clava has suitable coastal areas along the entire Southwestern Atlantic shoreline, where it is currently absent. On the contrary, the SDM predicted that further southward spread of S. plicata is unlikely, being limited by the minimum annual temperature. We discussed the different approaches, tools, and expertise integrated in this work in the light of the decision-making process for the early detection of marine invasive species in the Southwestern Atlantic. Moreover, we call attention to the increased creation of artificial habitats through the intentional sinking of ships and the potential consequences of these actions in the conservation of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lidia Castro
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional Del Comahue (CRUB, UNCo), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Battini
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Clara Belen Giachetti
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Berenice Trovant
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9 de Julio 25, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Mariana Abelando
- Dirección de Protección Ambiental, Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. E. Madero 235, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Marítima, Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Corrientes 345, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor Guillermo Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Schwindt
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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4
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Simberloff D. Maintenance management and eradication of established aquatic invaders. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2021; 848:2399-2420. [PMID: 32836349 PMCID: PMC7407435 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although freshwater invasions have not been targeted for maintenance management or eradication as often as terrestrial invasions have, attempts to do so are frequent. Failures as well as successes abound, but several methods have been improved and new approaches are on the horizon. Many freshwater fish and plant invaders have been eliminated, especially by chemical and physical methods for fishes and herbicides for plants. Efforts to maintain invasive freshwater fishes at low levels have sometimes succeeded, although continuing the effort has proven challenging. By contrast, successful maintenance management of invasive freshwater plants is uncommon, although populations of several species have been managed by biological control. Invasive crayfish populations have rarely been controlled for long. Marine invasions have proven far less tractable than those in fresh water, with a few striking eradications of species detected before they had spread widely, and no marine invasions have been substantially managed for long at low levels. The rapid development of technologies based on genetics has engendered excitement about possibly eradicating or controlling terrestrial invaders, and such technologies may also prove useful for certain aquatic invaders. Methods of particular interest, alone or in various combinations, are gene-silencing, RNA-guided gene drives, and the use of transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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5
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Mabin CA, Wilson JRU, Le Roux JJ, Majiedt P, Robinson TB. The first management of a marine invader in Africa: The importance of trials prior to setting long-term management goals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110213. [PMID: 32148283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions severely impact on marine ecosystems around the world, but to date management is rare and has not previously been attempted in Africa. This study documents a trial management programme aimed at informing a national management strategy for the invasive European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, in South Africa. The approach involved testing control methods used elsewhere (baited traps, crab condos, diver collections and sediment dredging) and adapting these to the local context. Following these trials, baited traps were deployed over the course of the year, and the catch per unit effort (CPUE) tracked. A total of 36,244 crabs were collected during the management period, six times more than a pre-management population estimate. The population was not extirpated and CPUE increased once trapping ceased. The cost of attempting nationwide eradication is prohibitive, particularly given the lack of current impacts by this crab in this region and the possibility of reintroduction. We highlight key administrative challenges encountered, and the importance of such pilot trials in setting long-term goals when attempting alien species management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clova A Mabin
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Prideel Majiedt
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tamara B Robinson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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6
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Lu TH, Yang YF, Chen CY, Wang WM, Liao CM. Quantifying the impact of temperature variation on birnavirus transmission dynamics in hard clams Meretrix lusoria. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:57-68. [PMID: 31691318 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility of hard clams Meretrix lusoria to birnavirus (BV) infections caused by temperature variations, from a mechanistic perspective, has rarely been explored. We used a deterministic susceptible-infectious-mortality (SIM) model to derive temperature-dependent key epidemiologic parameters based on data sets of viral infections in hard clams subjected to acute temperature changes. To parameterize seasonal pattern dependence, we estimated monthly based cumulative mortality and basic reproduction numbers (R0 ) between 1997 and 2017 by way of statistical analysis. Two alternative disease control models were also proposed to assess status of controlled temperature-mediated BV infection by using, respectively, control reproduction number (RC )-control line criterion and removal strategy-based control measure. We showed that based on RC -control strategy, when temperatures ranged from 15 to 26.8°C, proportion of susceptible hard clams removed should be at least 0.22%. Based on removal-control strategy, we found that by limiting pond water temperature to 25-30°C, together with increased removal rates and periods to remove hard clams, it is better to remove hard clams from June and August to reduce both mortality rate and spread of BV. Our results can be used to monitor BV transmission potential in hard clams that will contribute to government control strategy to eradicate future BV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fei Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Bergshoeff JA, McKenzie CH, Favaro B. Improving the efficiency of the Fukui trap as a capture tool for the invasive European green crab ( Carcinus maenas) in Newfoundland, Canada. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6308. [PMID: 30713818 PMCID: PMC6357871 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a crustacean species native to European and North African coastlines that has become one of the world’s most successful marine invasive species. Targeted fishing programs aimed at removing green crabs from invaded ecosystems commonly use Fukui multi-species marine traps. Improving the efficiency of these traps would improve the ability to respond to green crab invasions. In this study, we developed four distinct trap modifications that were designed to facilitate the successful capture of green crabs, with the goal of improving the performance of the Fukui trap. We tested these modifications in situ during the summer of 2016 at two locations in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. We discovered that three of our modified Fukui trap designs caught significantly more green crabs than the standard Fukui trap, increasing catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) by as much as 81%. We conclude that our top-performing modifications have great potential for widespread use with existing Fukui traps that are being used for green crab removal efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Bergshoeff
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Resources, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Cynthia H McKenzie
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Brett Favaro
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Resources, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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8
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Aggregating behaviour in invasive Caribbean lionfish is driven by habitat complexity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:783. [PMID: 30692608 PMCID: PMC6349842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caribbean lionfish (Pterois spp.) are considered the most heavily impacting invasive marine vertebrate ever recorded. However, current management is largely inadequate, relying on opportunistic culling by recreational SCUBA divers. Culling efficiency could be greatly improved by exploiting natural aggregations, but to date this behaviour has only been recorded anecdotally, and the drivers are unknown. We found aggregations to be common in situ, but detected no conspecific attraction through visual or olfactory cues in laboratory experiments. Aggregating individuals were on average larger, but showed no further differences in morphology or life history. However, using visual assessments and 3D modelling we show lionfish prefer broad-scale, but avoid fine-scale, habitat complexity. We therefore suggest that lionfish aggregations are coincidental based on individuals’ mutual attraction to similar reef structure to maximise hunting efficiency. Using this knowledge, artificial aggregation devices might be developed to concentrate lionfish densities and thus improve culling efficiency.
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9
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Experimental evaluation of vinegar (acetic acid) for control of invasive corals (Tubastraea spp.) and a review of knowledge for other aquatic pests. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Mantelatto MC, Silva AGD, Louzada TDS, McFadden CS, Creed JC. Invasion of aquarium origin soft corals on a tropical rocky reef in the southwest Atlantic, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 130:84-94. [PMID: 29866574 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can cause substantial change in ecosystems and as marine invasives they can become a major threat to coastal and subtidal habitats. In September 2017 previously unknown and apparently NIS soft corals were detected on a shallow subtidal tropical rocky reef at Ilha Grande Bay, southeast Brazil. The present study aims to identify the species, quantify their distribution, abundance, and their interactions with native species. The most abundant NIS belonged to the recently described genus Sansibia (family Xeniidae) and the less common species was identified as Clavularia cf. viridis (family Clavulariidae). They were found along 170 m of shoreline at all depths where hard substrate was available. Sansibia sp. dominated deeper communities, associated positively with some macroalgal and negatively with the zoantharian Palythoa caribaeorum, which probably provided greater biotic resistance to invasion. Both species are of Indo-Pacific origin and typical of those ornamentals found in the aquarium trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Checoli Mantelatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, sala 220, CEP 20559-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Guilherme da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, sala 220, CEP 20559-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tayana Dos Santos Louzada
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Brigadeiro Trompowski, CCS, Bloco A, Sala 089, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Catherine S McFadden
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
| | - Joel Christopher Creed
- Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, sala 220, CEP 20559-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Abstract
To put marine disease impacts in context requires a broad perspective on the roles infectious agents have in the ocean. Parasites infect most marine vertebrate and invertebrate species, and parasites and predators can have comparable biomass density, suggesting they play comparable parts as consumers in marine food webs. Although some parasites might increase with disturbance, most probably decline as food webs unravel. There are several ways to adapt epidemiological theory to the marine environment. In particular, because the ocean represents a three-dimensional moving habitat for hosts and parasites, models should open up the spatial scales at which infective stages and host larvae travel. In addition to open recruitment and dimensionality, marine parasites are subject to fishing, filter feeders, dose-dependent infection, environmental forcing, and death-based transmission. Adding such considerations to marine disease models will make it easier to predict which infectious diseases will increase or decrease in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Lafferty
- Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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12
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Booy O, Mill AC, Roy HE, Hiley A, Moore N, Robertson P, Baker S, Brazier M, Bue M, Bullock R, Campbell S, Eyre D, Foster J, Hatton-Ellis M, Long J, Macadam C, Morrison-Bell C, Mumford J, Newman J, Parrott D, Payne R, Renals T, Rodgers E, Spencer M, Stebbing P, Sutton-Croft M, Walker KJ, Ward A, Whittaker S, Wyn G. Risk management to prioritise the eradication of new and emerging invasive non-native species. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Pernet F, Lupo C, Bacher C, Whittington RJ. Infectious diseases in oyster aquaculture require a new integrated approach. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0213. [PMID: 26880845 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging diseases pose a recurrent threat to bivalve aquaculture. Recently, massive mortality events in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas associated with the detection of a microvariant of the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1µVar) have been reported in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Although the spread of disease is often viewed as a governance failure, we suggest that the development of protective measures for bivalve farming is presently held back by the lack of key scientific knowledge. In this paper, we explore the case for an integrated approach to study the management of bivalve disease, using OsHV-1 as a case study. Reconsidering the key issues by incorporating multidisciplinary science could provide a holistic understanding of OsHV-1 and increase the benefit of research to policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Pernet
- UMR LEMAR 6539 (UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer), Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Coralie Lupo
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer-SG2M-LGPMM, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France
| | - Cédric Bacher
- Dyneco/BENTHOS, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Richard J Whittington
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
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14
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Groner ML, Maynard J, Breyta R, Carnegie RB, Dobson A, Friedman CS, Froelich B, Garren M, Gulland FMD, Heron SF, Noble RT, Revie CW, Shields JD, Vanderstichel R, Weil E, Wyllie-Echeverria S, Harvell CD. Managing marine disease emergencies in an era of rapid change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0364. [PMID: 26880835 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious marine diseases can decimate populations and are increasing among some taxa due to global change and our increasing reliance on marine environments. Marine diseases become emergencies when significant ecological, economic or social impacts occur. We can prepare for and manage these emergencies through improved surveillance, and the development and iterative refinement of approaches to mitigate disease and its impacts. Improving surveillance requires fast, accurate diagnoses, forecasting disease risk and real-time monitoring of disease-promoting environmental conditions. Diversifying impact mitigation involves increasing host resilience to disease, reducing pathogen abundance and managing environmental factors that facilitate disease. Disease surveillance and mitigation can be adaptive if informed by research advances and catalysed by communication among observers, researchers and decision-makers using information-sharing platforms. Recent increases in the awareness of the threats posed by marine diseases may lead to policy frameworks that facilitate the responses and management that marine disease emergencies require.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Groner
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Jeffrey Maynard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Laboratoire d'Excellence 'CORAIL' USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Rachel Breyta
- School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan B Carnegie
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andy Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carolyn S Friedman
- School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brett Froelich
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Melissa Garren
- Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
| | | | - Scott F Heron
- NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, 5830 University Research Ct., E/RA3, College Park, MD 20740, USA Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia
| | - Rachel T Noble
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Crawford W Revie
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Raphaël Vanderstichel
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Ernesto Weil
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA
| | - Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St Thomas, VI 00802, USA
| | - C Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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16
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Lafferty KD, Harvell CD, Conrad JM, Friedman CS, Kent ML, Kuris AM, Powell EN, Rondeau D, Saksida SM. Infectious diseases affect marine fisheries and aquaculture economics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2015; 7:471-96. [PMID: 25251276 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is a growing part of the economy, but its economic value is diminished by marine diseases. Infectious diseases are common in the ocean, and here we tabulate 67 examples that can reduce commercial species' growth and survivorship or decrease seafood quality. These impacts seem most problematic in the stressful and crowded conditions of aquaculture, which increasingly dominates seafood production as wild fishery production plateaus. For instance, marine diseases of farmed oysters, shrimp, abalone, and various fishes, particularly Atlantic salmon, cost billions of dollars each year. In comparison, it is often difficult to accurately estimate disease impacts on wild populations, especially those of pelagic and subtidal species. Farmed species often receive infectious diseases from wild species and can, in turn, export infectious agents to wild species. However, the impact of disease export on wild fisheries is controversial because there are few quantitative data demonstrating that wild species near farms suffer more from infectious diseases than those in other areas. The movement of exotic infectious agents to new areas continues to be the greatest concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Lafferty
- Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, c/o Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; *
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Moreira PL, Ribeiro FV, Creed JC. Control of invasive marine invertebrates: an experimental evaluation of the use of low salinity for managing pest corals (Tubastraea spp.). BIOFOULING 2014; 30:639-650. [PMID: 24735126 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.906583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of low salinity as a killing agent for the invasive pest corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis (Dendrophylliidae). Experiments investigated the efficacy of different salinities, the effect of colony size on susceptibility and the influence of length of exposure. Experimental treatments of colonies were carried out in aquaria. Colonies were then fixed onto experimental plates and monitored in the field periodically over a period of four weeks. The killing effectiveness of low salinity depended on the test salinity and the target species, but was independent of colony size. Low salinity was fast acting and prejudicial to survival: discoloration, necrosis, fragmenting and sloughing, exposure of the skeleton and cover by biofoulers occurred post treatment. For T. tagusensis, 50% mortality (LC50) after three days occurred at eight practical salinity units (PSU); for T. coccinea the LC50 was 2 PSU. Exposure to freshwater for 45-120 min resulted in 100% mortality for T. tagusensis, but only the 120 min period was 100% effective in killing T. coccinea. Freshwater is now routinely used for the post-border management of Tubastraea spp. This study also provides insights as to how freshwater may be used as a routine biosecurity management tool when applied pre-border to shipping vectors potentially transporting non-indigenous marine biofouling species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia L Moreira
- a Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha Bêntica, Departamento de Ecologia , IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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McCann LD, Holzer KK, Davidson IC, Ashton GV, Chapman MD, Ruiz GM. Promoting invasive species control and eradication in the sea: options for managing the tunicate invader Didemnum vexillum in Sitka, Alaska. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:165-171. [PMID: 24449921 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioinvasions are a significant force of change--and economic and ecological threat--in marine ecosystems. The threat now encroaches on Alaska, which has had relatively few invasions compared to other global regions, prompting need to develop new incursion response tools. We appraised five 'eco-friendly' immersion treatment options (dilute acetic acid, dilute bleach, freshwater, brine and hypoxia) at either minute- or hour-scale exposures to kill the invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum. Data revealed 100% treatment efficacy after two minutes in acetic acid, ten minutes in bleach, four hours in freshwater and over four hours in brine solution. We also demonstrated the importance of monitoring D. vexillum recovery for at least three weeks, since seemingly destroyed colonies rebounded during this timeframe. Combined, these findings provide insights towards a bay-scale eradication and post-border management plan applicable to the recent D. vexillum incursion in Whiting Harbor, Alaska and other shallow, inshore invasion sites.
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de León R, Vane K, Bertuol P, Chamberland VC, Simal F, Imms E, Vermeij MJA. Effectiveness of lionfish removal efforts in the southern Caribbean. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Pool TK, Luis S, Olden JD. Assessing Lethal Dissolved Oxygen Tolerance for Invasive TunicateCiona savignyiin Puget Sound. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.3955/046.087.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Genetic control of invasive fish: technological options and its role in integrated pest management. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Piola RF, McDonald JI. Marine biosecurity: the importance of awareness, support and cooperation in managing a successful incursion response. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1766-1773. [PMID: 22748502 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Shipping is almost certainly the most prevalent human-mediated transport vector for non-indigenous species (NIS) within the marine environment. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) has long acknowledged the importance of sound environmental management and in recent years has taken a proactive approach to addressing risks associated with marine biosecurity. primarily as a result of biofouling on Navy vessel returning from overseas operations. This paper describes two case studies that highlight the effectiveness of the RAN marine biosecurity management framework in identifying an unwanted marine species on Navy vessels, and the successful biosecurity management program that ensued. In particular, the early detection and identification of a suspect NIS, the quick response to the discovery and the collaborative approach adopted between the RAN and the Government regulatory agency (Western Australian Department of Fisheries) charged with coordinating the incursion response serves as a model for how future incursion responses should be reported and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Piola
- Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 506 Lorimer Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3207, Australia.
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23
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David AA, Williams JD. Morphology and natural history of the cryptogenic sponge associatePolydora coloniaMoore, 1907 (Polychaeta: Spionidae). J NAT HIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.679323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Hopkins GA, Forrest BM, Jiang W, Gardner JPA. Successful eradication of a non-indigenous marine bivalve from a subtidal soft-sediment environment. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Delaney DG, Leung B. An empirical probability model of detecting species at low densities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 20:1162-72. [PMID: 20597298 DOI: 10.1890/09-0309.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
False negatives, not detecting things that are actually present, are an important but understudied problem. False negatives are the result of our inability to perfectly detect species, especially those at low density such as endangered species or newly arriving introduced species. They reduce our ability to interpret presence-absence survey data and make sound management decisions (e.g., rapid response). To reduce the probability of false negatives, we need to compare the efficacy and sensitivity of different sampling approaches and quantify an unbiased estimate of the probability of detection. We conducted field experiments in the intertidal zone of New England and New York to test the sensitivity of two sampling approaches (quadrat vs. total area search, TAS), given different target characteristics (mobile vs. sessile). Using logistic regression we built detection curves for each sampling approach that related the sampling intensity and the density of targets to the probability of detection. The TAS approach reduced the probability of false negatives and detected targets faster than the quadrat approach. Mobility of targets increased the time to detection but did not affect detection success. Finally, we interpreted two years of presence-absence data on the distribution of the Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) in New England and New York, using our probability model for false negatives. The type of experimental approach in this paper can help to reduce false negatives and increase our ability to detect species at low densities by refining sampling approaches, which can guide conservation strategies and management decisions in various areas of ecology such as conservation biology and invasion ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Delaney
- Department of Biology and School of Environment, McGill University, 1205 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.
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Tepolt CK, Darling JA, Bagley MJ, Geller JB, Blum MJ, Grosholz ED. European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) in the northeastern Pacific: genetic evidence for high population connectivity and current-mediated expansion from a single introduced source population. DIVERS DISTRIB 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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27
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The spread of marine non-indigenous species via recreational boating: A conceptual model for risk assessment based on fault tree analysis. Ecol Modell 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bax NJ, Thresher RE. Ecological, behavioral, and genetic factors influencing the recombinant control of invasive pests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 19:873-888. [PMID: 19544731 DOI: 10.1890/07-1588.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are a major threat to biodiversity, cost the world economy billions of dollars annually, and are often difficult, if not impossible, to control using current approaches. Recombinant technologies could revolutionize management of such pests but would be subject to a range of genetic, behavioral, and ecological factors that could limit their efficacy or applicability. We use a realistically parameterized combined population dynamics/genetics model to assess the potential of, and constraints on, a suite of recombinant approaches that have been suggested for pest control. We show that, of the options suggested to date, a genetic construct that distorts operational sex ratios by sterilizing, killing, or sex-changing one gender and being inherited through the other, is not only potentially the most effective means of pest control, but also one that remains effective over the widest range of ecological and behavioral conditions. All methods, however, are sensitive in particular to the degree of density dependence in the pest population and to operational issues such as maximum copy number and stocking levels, which affect introgression rates. Optimal investment strategies for an integrated pest management program that includes the nonlinear interactions of recombinant strategies and complementary management options can be assessed through the sensitivity analyses. The subtle effects of even minor variability in some parameters, such as extra mortality due to the presence of the construct, further suggest that genetic techniques be applied in an active adaptive management framework, so that strategies can be regularly optimized as the impacts of a release program are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bax
- Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre and CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Marine Laboratories, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Shanks AL. Pelagic larval duration and dispersal distance revisited. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2009; 216:373-85. [PMID: 19556601 DOI: 10.1086/bblv216n3p373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
I present dispersal distances for 44 species with data on propagule duration (PD) for 40 of these. Data were combined with those in Shanks et al. (2003; Ecol. Appl. 13: S159-S169), providing information on 67 species. PD and dispersal distance are correlated, but with many exceptions. The distribution of dispersal distances was bimodal. Many species with PDs longer than 1 day dispersed less than 1 km, while others dispersed tens to hundreds of kilometers. Organisms with short dispersal distances were pelagic briefly or remained close to the bottom while pelagic. Null models of passively dispersing propagules adequately predict dispersal distance for organisms with short PDs (<1 day), but overestimate dispersal distances for those with longer PDs. These models predict that propagules are transported tens of kilometers offshore; however, many types remain within the coastal boundary layer where currents are slower and more variable, leading to lower than predicted dispersal. At short PDs, dispersal distances estimated from genetic data are similar to observed. At long PDs, genetic data generally overestimate dispersal distance. This discrepancy is probably due to the effect of rare individuals that disperse long distances, thus smoothing genetic differences between populations. Larval behavior and species' life-history traits can play a critical role in determining dispersal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Shanks
- University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 5389, Charleston, Oregon 97420, USA.
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Harvesting as a disease control measure in an eco-epidemiological system – A theoretical study. Math Biosci 2009; 217:134-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Marine Bioinvasion Management: Structural Framework. BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Kilroy C, Snelder TH, Floerl O, Vieglais CC, Dey KL. A rapid technique for assessing the suitability of areas for invasive species applied to New Zealand's rivers. DIVERS DISTRIB 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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34
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Kraemer GP, Sellberg M, Gordon A, Main J. Eight-year Record of Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) Invasion in Western Long Island Sound Estuary. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2007. [DOI: 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[207:erohsa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Gust N, Inglis GJ. Adaptive Multi-scale Sampling to Determine an Invasive Crab’s Habitat Usage and Range in New Zealand. Biol Invasions 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-004-8243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Exotic (introduced) species are a growing problem in ports worldwide and comprise the most important impacts in marine ecosystems. Periodic monitoring to detect introduced species is extremely important for effective population control. Here we sampled ascidian species near the port of Paranaguá for a taxonomic study of this fauna to attempt to detect introduced species. Larval stages in ascidians are short-lived, and dispersal is restricted to small distances, and so ascidians are very good bioindicators for exotic introductions due to ship transport. Four locations were sampled within Paranaguá Bay (Ilha das Cobras, Pier Tenenge, Ilha do Mel and Ilha da Galheta) and one location outside of the bay (Parque dos Meros). Information for the nearby fauna and for geographic distributions of the species involved was obtained from the literature. Eighteen species were found: Perophora multiclathrata (Sluiter, 1904), Ascidia curvata (Traustedt,1882), A. sydneiensis Stimpson, 1855, Clavelina oblonga Herdman, 1880, Cystodytes dellechiajei (Della Valle, 1877), Eudistoma carolinense van Name, 1945, Distaplia bermudensis van Name, 1902, Didemnum granulatum Tokioka, 1954, Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841), Lissoclinum fragile (van Name, 1902), Botryllus planus (van Name, 1902), B. tuberatus Ritter & Forsyth 1917, Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886, Symplegma rubra Monniot, 1972, Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816), S. plicata (Lesueur, 1823), Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878 and Molgula phytophila Monniot, 1970. The known geographic distributions based on the literature and collections suggest that three species are native, one is a inter-regional introduction, two are introduced from the Pacific and the remaining 12 are cryptogenic.
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Anderson LWJ. California’s Reaction to Caulerpa taxifolia: A Model for Invasive Species Rapid Response*. Biol Invasions 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-004-3123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McCALLUM HAMISH, GERBER LEAH, JANI ANDREA. Does infectious disease influence the efficacy of marine protected areas? A theoretical framework. J Appl Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wotton DM, O'Brien C, Stuart MD, Fergus DJ. Eradication success down under: heat treatment of a sunken trawler to kill the invasive seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2004; 49:844-9. [PMID: 15530528 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Eradication of invasive species is difficult in the marine environment, and there have only been a few successes. We report the successful eradication of the invasive seaweed Undaria pinnatifida from a sunken trawler in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. New heat-treatment methods were developed as the most cost effective and environmentally acceptable option to kill Undaria. Monitoring of the trawler for three years after it sank found no Undaria after the vessel was treated. Key factors in the success of the eradication programme included: early detection, a rapid response, pre-existing knowledge of Undaria, an adaptive management approach, targeting of multiple life history stages, and the cooperation of the vessel's insurer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra M Wotton
- Ministry of Fisheries, P.O. Box 1020, Wellington, New Zealand.
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