1
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Wen S, Unuma K, Funakoshi T, Aki T, Uemura K. Cocaine induces vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation via DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and PI3K/HIF-1α signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:30-35. [PMID: 37481940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cocaine abuse is associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary vascular complications. The vascular toxicity of cocaine can lead to vascular remodeling characterized by excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Though hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling and mitochondrial fission have been suggested to play essential roles in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling, pathogenetic mechanism for cocaine-related vascular remodeling remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explore the effect of cocaine on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by in vitro experiments. The findings indicated that the cocaine-induced vascular smooth muscle cell hyperproliferation is achieved by enhancing DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and activating PI3K/HIF-1α signaling. Current findings suggested that mitochondrial fission would play a pivotal role in cocaine-related vascular remodeling and would be helpful in understanding the vascular toxicity of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Wen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funakoshi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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do Amaral MA, Paredes LC, Padovani BN, Mendonça-Gomes JM, Montes LF, Câmara NOS, Morales Fénero C. Mitochondrial connections with immune system in Zebrafish. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100019. [PMID: 36420514 PMCID: PMC9680083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles commonly associated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. However, mitochondria are also responsible for functions such as calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, autophagy, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, in conjunction, can lead to different cell fate decisions. Mitochondrial morphology changes rely on nutrients' availability and the bioenergetics demands of the cells, in a process known as mitochondrial dynamics, which includes both fusion and fission. This organelle senses the microenvironment and can modify the cells to either a pro or anti-inflammatory profile. The zebrafish has been increasingly used to research mitochondrial dynamics and its connection with the immune system since the pathways and molecules involved in these processes are conserved on this fish. Several genetic tools and technologies are currently available to analyze the behavior of mitochondria in zebrafish. However, even though zebrafish presents several similar processes known in mammals, the effect of the mitochondria in the immune system has not been so broadly studied in this model. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in zebrafish studies regarding mitochondrial function and immuno metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Abrantes do Amaral
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Cavalieri Paredes
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara Nunes Padovani
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Moreira Mendonça-Gomes
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luan Fávero Montes
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Morales Fénero
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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3
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Dregalla RC, Uribe Y, Bodor M. Effect of local anesthetics on platelet physiology and function. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2744-2754. [PMID: 33694196 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Local anesthetics are often used at the site of injury or mixed with platelet-rich plasma to reduce pain when treating orthopedic and sports-related injuries. Local anesthetics have been shown to have deleterious effects on stromal cells, but their impact on platelets has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine on platelet health. Based on the deleterious effects of local anesthetics on nucleated cells, we hypothesized that these compounds would affect platelet viability, intracellular physiology, and function. Platelet preparations were derived from randomly selected donors and exposed to lidocaine 1%, bupivacaine 0.75%, ropivacaine 0.5%, and saline at 1:1 and 1:3 ratios. Platelet morphology, viability, intracellular calcium, production of radical oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and adhesion were assessed via fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Bupivacaine resulted in increased ROS production, calcium dysregulation, apoptosis, and reduced platelet adhesion. By contrast, ropivacaine and lidocaine were similar to saline in most assays, except for a low degree of mitochondrial stress as evidenced by increased ROS production. Ultimately, bupivacaine 0.75% was harmful to platelets as evidenced by reduced platelet viability, adhesion, and increased apoptosis, whereas lidocaine 1% and ropivacaine 0.5% were relatively safe at the 1:1 and 1:3 dilutions. Clinical significance: Lidocaine 1% and ropivacaine 0.5% can be used at up to a 1:1 ratio with platelet preparations to reduce the pain and discomfort of PRP procedures while maintaining platelet therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvette Uribe
- Napa Medical Research Foundation, Napa, California, USA
| | - Marko Bodor
- Napa Medical Research Foundation, Napa, California, USA.,Bodor Clinic, Napa, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Napa, California, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis, Sacramento, Napa, California, USA
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4
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Schank M, Zhao J, Wang L, Nguyen LNT, Cao D, Dang X, Khanal S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wu XY, Ning S, Gazzar ME, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Oxidative Stress Induces Mitochondrial Compromise in CD4 T Cells From Chronically HCV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760707. [PMID: 34956192 PMCID: PMC8692574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can induce DNA damage and immune dysfunctions with excessive oxidative stress in T cells. Furthermore, evidence suggests that HCV contributes to increased susceptibility to metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms by which HCV infection impairs cellular metabolism in CD4 T cells remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated mitochondrial mass and intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content by real-time qPCR, cellular respiration by seahorse analyzer, and dysregulated mitochondrial-localized proteins by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in CD4 T cells from chronic HCV-infected individuals and health subjects. Mitochondrial mass was decreased while intracellular and mitochondrial ROS were increased, expressions of master mitochondrial regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) were down-regulated, and oxidative stress was increased while mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were reduced. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of mtTFA impaired cellular respiration and reduced mtDNA copy number. Furthermore, proteins responsible for mediating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mtDNA maintenance were significantly altered in HCV-CD4 T cells. These results indicate that mitochondrial functions are compromised in HCV-CD4 T cells, likely via the deregulation of several mitochondrial regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States.,Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, TN, United States.,Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN, United States
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5
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Malla B, Cotten S, Ulshoefer R, Paul F, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Bros H, Infante-Duarte C. Teriflunomide preserves peripheral nerve mitochondria from oxidative stress-mediated alterations. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320944773. [PMID: 32850106 PMCID: PMC7425321 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common pathological hallmark in various inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously showed that oxidative stress alters axonal mitochondria, limiting their transport and inducing conformational changes that lead to axonal damage. Teriflunomide (TFN), an oral immunomodulatory drug approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS, reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). DHODH is crucial for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is the only mitochondrial enzyme in this pathway, thus conferring a link between inflammation, mitochondrial activity and axonal integrity. Here, we investigated how DHODH inhibition may affect mitochondrial behavior in the context of oxidative stress. We employed a model of transected murine spinal roots, previously developed in our laboratory. Using confocal live imaging of axonal mitochondria, we showed that in unmanipulated axons, TFN increased significantly the mitochondria length without altering their transport features. In mitochondria challenged with 50 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress, the presence of TFN at 1 µM concentration was able to restore mitochondrial shape, motility, as well as mitochondrial oxidation potential to control levels. No effects were observed at 5 µM TFN, while some shape and motility parameters were restored to control levels at 50 µM TFN. Thus, our data demonstrate an undescribed link between DHODH and mitochondrial dynamics and point to a potential neuroprotective effect of DHODH inhibition in the context of oxidative stress-induced damage of axonal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Malla
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Cotten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Ulshoefer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrueck Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany and Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Bros
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
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6
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Kesari KK, Dhasmana A, Shandilya S, Prabhakar N, Shaukat A, Dou J, Rosenholm JM, Vuorinen T, Ruokolainen J. Plant-Derived Natural Biomolecule Picein Attenuates Menadione Induced Oxidative Stress on Neuroblastoma Cell Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060552. [PMID: 32630418 PMCID: PMC7346164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several bioactive compounds are in use for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Historically, willow (salix sp.) bark has been an important source of salisylic acid and other natural compounds with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Among these, picein isolated from hot water extract of willow bark, has been found to act as a natural secondary metabolite antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the unrevealed pharmacological action of picein. In silico studies were utilized to direct the investigation towards the neuroprotection abilities of picein. Our in vitro studies demonstrate the neuroprotective properties of picein by blocking the oxidative stress effects, induced by free radical generator 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione, MQ), in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Several oxidative stress-related parameters were evaluated to measure the protection for mitochondrial integrity, such as mitochondrial superoxide production, mitochondrial activity (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and live-cell imaging. A significant increase in the ROS level and mitochondrial superoxide production were measured after MQ treatment, however, a subsequent treatment with picein was able to mitigate this effect by decreasing their levels. Additionally, the mitochondrial activity was significantly decreased by MQ exposure, but a follow-up treatment with picein recovered the normal metabolic activity. In conclusion, the presented results demonstrate that picein can significantly reduce the level of MQ-induced oxidative stress on mitochondria, and thereby plays a role as a potent neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
- Correspondence: (K.K.K.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78539, USA;
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun 248016, India
| | - Shruti Shandilya
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Neeraj Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Ahmed Shaukat
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.S.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.K.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
- Correspondence: (K.K.K.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
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7
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Reddi KK, Tetali SD. Dry leaf extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in human monocytic (THP-1) cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152831. [PMID: 31035042 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers is known for its therapeutic value in Indian traditional medicine for treating diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, jaundice and cardiac diseases. However, information regarding its protective role against inflammatory diseases at the molecular level is limited. PURPOSE The objective of the present work is to study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of alcoholic and water extracts of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers leaves in activated human monocytic THP-1 cells. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Phytochemical analyses of the dry leaf extracts of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers prepared using the solvents alcohol (TCAE) or water (TCWE) are performed employing spectrophotometric methods for estimating total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the plant material was authenticated by detecting T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers metabolite biomarkers using LC-MS/MS. Arachidonic acid (AA)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human monocytic (THP-1) cells were used as experimental models to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extracts. Arachidonic acid (AA)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 cells were monitored by confocal microscopy/spectrofluorimetry and transcript of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), by quantitative real time PCR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory marker like TNF-α at transcription and protein levels in THP-1 cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR or ELISA respectively. Further, the effect of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers extracts on LPS-induced NF-κB translocation, and IκB and P-IκB protein levels, were studied by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. RESULTS T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers extracts exhibited significant amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content, and LC-MS/MS analyses detected tinosponone, a TC-specific clerodane-derived diterpene. Both types of extracts attenuated AA-induced ROS generation via enhancing catalase enzyme activity in THP-1 cells. Real time PCR and ELISA experiments revealed that the elevated levels of LPS-induced TNF-α was remarkably attenuated in THP-1 cells pretreated with T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers extracts. Western blot and confocal microscopy showed that the alcoholic extract's anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating NF-κB translocation into the nucleus in LPS-activated THP-1 cells via the inhibition of IκB degradation in the cytosol. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers dry leaf extracts possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and attenuation of NF- κB nuclear translocation in activated human monocytic (THP-1) cells, therefore the present study supports our proposed molecular basis for the traditional use of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers for treating various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Reddi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, CUC, Prof. CR Rao Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500046, India; Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sarada D Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, CUC, Prof. CR Rao Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500046, India.
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8
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Li F, Castora FJ, Ford W, Alarid K, Jones HW, Swanson RJ. Reproductive competency and mitochondrial variation in aged Syrian hamster oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1384-1391. [PMID: 27327865 DOI: 10.1071/rd15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hamster is a useful model of human reproductive biology because its oocytes are similar to those in humans in terms of size and structural stability. In the present study we evaluated fecundity rate, ovarian follicular numbers, ova production, mitochondrial number, structure and function, and cytoplasmic lamellae (CL) in young (2-4 months) and old (12-18 months) Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Young hamsters had higher fertilisation rates and larger litters than old hamsters (100 vs 50% and 9.3±0.6 vs 5.5±0.6, respectively). Ovarian tissue from superovulated animals showed a 46% decrease in preantral follicles in old versus young hamsters. There was a 39% reduction in MII oocyte number in old versus young hamsters. Young ova had no collapsed CL, whereas old ova were replete with areas of collapsed, non-luminal CL. Eighty-nine per cent of young ova were expanded against the zona pellucida with a clear indentation at the polar body, compared with 58.64% for old ova; the remaining old ova had increased perivitelline space with no polar body indentation. Higher reactive oxygen species levels and lower mitochondrial membrane potentials were seen in ova from old versus young hamsters. A significant decrease in mitochondrial number (36%) and lower frequency of clear mitochondria (31%) were observed in MII oocytes from old versus young hamster. In conclusion, the results of the present study support the theory of oocyte depletion during mammalian aging, and suggest that morphological changes of mitochondria and CL in oocytes may be contributing factors in the age-related decline in fertility rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Frank J Castora
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 721 Fairfax Ave, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Wentia Ford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Khalid Alarid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Howard W Jones
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 601 Colley Ave, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - R James Swanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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9
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Tomkova S, Misuth M, Lenkavska L, Miskovsky P, Huntosova V. In vitro identification of mitochondrial oxidative stress production by time-resolved fluorescence imaging of glioma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:616-628. [PMID: 29410069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are important features, by which cells could bypass oxidative stress. The level of oxidative stress, and the ability of cells to promote oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis, significantly determined proliferation or cell demise. In the present work, we have employed selective mitochondrial probe MitoTracker™ Orange CMTM/Ros (MTO) to estimate the level of oxidative stress in cancer cells at different stressed conditions. MTO is partially sensitive to decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria. We have demonstrated, that fluorescence lifetime of MTO is much more sensitive to oxidative stress than intensity-based approaches. This method was validated in different cancer cell lines. Our approach revealed, at relatively low ROS levels, that Gö 6976, a protein kinase C (PKC) α inhibitor, and rottlerin, an indirect PKCδ inhibitor, increased mitochondrial ROS level in glioma cell. Their involvement in oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis was investigated with oxygen consumption rate estimation, western blot and flow-cytometric analysis. Our study brings new insight to identify feeble differences in ROS production in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tomkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Matus Misuth
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lenkavska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and innovation park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia; SAFTRA photonics Ltd., Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and innovation park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia.
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10
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Kumar RK, Basu S, Lemke HD, Jankowski J, Kratz K, Lendlein A, Tetali SD. Effect of extracts of poly(ether imide) microparticles on cytotoxicity, ROS generation and proinflammatory effects on human monocytic (THP-1) cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 61:667-80. [PMID: 26639770 DOI: 10.3233/ch-152027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Current haemodialysis techniques are not capable to remove efficiently low molecular weight hydrophobic uremic toxins from the blood of patients suffering from chronic renal failure. With respect to the hydrophobic characteristics and the high level of protein binding of these uremic toxins, hydrophobic adsorber materials might be an alternative to remove these substances from the plasma of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) with an average diameter of 90 ± 30 μm and a porosity around 88 ± 2% prepared by a spraying/coagulation process are considered as candidate adsorber materials. A prerequisite for the clinical application of such particles is their biocompatibility, which can be examined i.e. indirectly in cell culture experiments with the particles' extracts. In this work we studied the effects of aqueous extracts of PEI microparticles on the viability of THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line, as well as their macrophage differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammation.A high cell viability of around 99 ± 18% and 99 ± 5% was observed when THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence of aqueous extracts of the PEI microparticles in medium A and medium B respectively. The obtained microscopic data suggested that PEI particle extracts have no significant effect on cell death, oxidative stress or differentiation to macrophages. It was further found that the investigated proinflammatory markers in THP-1 cells were not up-regulated. These results are promising with regard to the biocompatibility of PEI microparticles and in a next step the hemocompatibility of the microparticles will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddi K Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayantani Basu
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RTWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,School of Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarada D Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Yazdani M. Concerns in the application of fluorescent probes DCDHF-DA, DHR 123 and DHE to measure reactive oxygen species in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:578-82. [PMID: 26318276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in biological systems by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The essential role of ROS in maintaining physiological health may be corrupted into oxidative stress by their overproduction or the exhaustion of antioxidant mechanisms. Many studies covering a broad range of methodologies have investigated ROS production and their toxic mechanisms of action. Of these methodologies, fluorometry has been among the preferred techniques. Three frequently used fluorescent probes for in vitro studies are 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCDHF-DA), Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) and Dihydroethidium (DHE). Apart from the unavoidable limitations of auto-oxidation, photo-oxidation and photo-conversion, there are also concerns relating to protocol modification for the improved monitoring of ROS. This paper aims to highlight such contributing factors, including cell culture conditions and the characteristics of individual fluorescent probes in the utilization of these selected probes in in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Bernardini A, Brockmeier U, Metzen E, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Harde E, Acker-Palmer A, Papkovsky D, Acker H, Fandrey J. Type I cell ROS kinetics under hypoxia in the intact mouse carotid body ex vivo: a FRET-based study. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C61-7. [PMID: 25318107 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00370.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly originating from NADPH oxidases have been shown to be involved in the carotid body (CB) oxygen-sensing cascade. For measuring ROS kinetics, type I cells of the mouse CB in an ex vivo preparation were transfected with the ROS sensor construct FRET-HSP33. After 2 days of tissue culture, type I cells expressed FRET-HSP33 as shown by immunohistochemistry. In one population of CBs, 5 min of hypoxia induced a significant and reversible decrease of type I cell ROS levels (n = 9 CBs; P < 0.015), which could be inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzensulfonylfluorid (AEBSF), a highly specific inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). In another population of CBs, however, 5 min of hypoxia induced a significant and reversible increase of ROS levels in type I cells (n = 8 CBs; P < 0.05), which was slightly enhanced by administration of 3 mM AEBSF. These different ROS kinetics seemed to coincide with different mice breeding conditions. Type I cells of both populations showed a typical hypoxia-induced membrane potential (MP) depolarization, which could be inhibited by 3 mM AEBSF. ROS and MP closely followed the hypoxic decrease in CB tissue oxygen as measured with an O2-sensitive dye. We conclude that attenuated p47(phox) subunit activity of the NADPH oxidase under hypoxia is the physiological trigger for type I cell MP depolarization probably due to ROS decrease, whereas the observed ROS increase has no influence on type I cell MP kinetics under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernardini
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - U Brockmeier
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Metzen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - E Harde
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - A Acker-Palmer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - D Papkovsky
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Acker
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;
| | - J Fandrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Trehalose improves human fibroblast deficits in a new CHIP-mutation related ataxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106931. [PMID: 25259530 PMCID: PMC4178022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigate the role of CHIP in a new CHIP-mutation related ataxia and the therapeutic potential of trehalose. The patient's fibroblasts with a new form of hereditary ataxia, related to STUB1 gene (CHIP) mutations, and three age and sex-matched controls were treated with epoxomicin and trehalose. The effects on cell death, protein misfolding and proteostasis were evaluated. Recent studies have revealed that mutations in STUB-1 gene lead to a growing list of molecular defects as deregulation of protein quality, inhibition of proteasome, cell death, decreased autophagy and alteration in CHIP and HSP70 levels. In this CHIP-mutant patient fibroblasts the inhibition of proteasome with epoxomicin induced severe pathophysiological age-associated changes, cell death and protein ubiquitination. Additionally, treatment with epoxomicin produced a dose-dependent increase in the number of cleaved caspase-3 positive cells. However, co-treatment with trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose present in a wide variety of organisms and known as a autophagy enhancer, reduced these pathological events. Trehalose application also increased CHIP and HSP70 expression and GSH free radical levels. Furthermore, trehalose augmented macro and chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA), rising the levels of LC3, LAMP2, CD63 and increasing the expression of Beclin-1 and Atg5-Atg12. Trehalose treatment in addition increased the percentage of immunoreactive cells to HSC70 and LAMP2 and reduced the autophagic substrate, p62. Although this is an individual case based on only one patient and the statistical comparisons are not valid between controls and patient, the low variability among controls and the obvious differences with this patient allow us to conclude that trehalose, through its autophagy activation capacity, anti-aggregation properties, anti-oxidative effects and lack of toxicity, could be very promising for the treatment of CHIP-mutation related ataxia, and possibly a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders related to protein disconformation.
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14
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Kaludercic N, Deshwal S, Di Lisa F. Reactive oxygen species and redox compartmentalization. Front Physiol 2014; 5:285. [PMID: 25161621 PMCID: PMC4130307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and signaling are of major importance and regulate a number of processes in physiological conditions. A disruption in redox status regulation, however, has been associated with numerous pathological conditions. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that oxidative and reductive modifications are confined in a spatio-temporal manner. This makes ROS signaling similar to that of Ca(2+) or other second messengers. Some subcellular compartments are more oxidizing (such as lysosomes or peroxisomes) whereas others are more reducing (mitochondria, nuclei). Moreover, although more reducing, mitochondria are especially susceptible to oxidation, most likely due to the high number of exposed thiols present in that compartment. Recent advances in the development of redox probes allow specific measurement of defined ROS in different cellular compartments in intact living cells or organisms. The availability of these tools now allows simultaneous spatio-temporal measurements and correlation between ROS generation and organelle and/or cellular function. The study of ROS compartmentalization and microdomains will help elucidate their role in physiology and disease. Here we will examine redox probes currently available and how ROS generation may vary between subcellular compartments. Furthermore, we will discuss ROS compartmentalization in physiological and pathological conditions focusing our attention on mitochondria, since their vulnerability to oxidative stress is likely at the basis of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Padova, Italy
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Padova, Italy ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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15
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Sokołowska P, Urbańska A, Biegańska K, Wagner W, Ciszewski W, Namiecińska M, Zawilska JB. Orexins protect neuronal cell cultures against hypoxic stress: an involvement of Akt signaling. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:48-55. [PMID: 24243084 PMCID: PMC3929148 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Orexins A and B are peptides produced mainly by hypothalamic neurons that project to numerous brain structures. We have previously demonstrated that rat cortical neurons express both types of orexin receptors, and their activation by orexins initiates different intracellular signals. The present study aimed to determine the effect of orexins on the Akt kinase activation in the rat neuronal cultures and the significance of that response in neurons subjected to hypoxic stress. We report the first evidence that orexins A and B stimulated Akt in cortical neurons in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Orexin B more potently than orexin A increased Akt phosphorylation, but the maximal effect of both peptides on the kinase activation was very similar. Next, cultured cortical neurons were challenged with cobalt chloride, an inducer of reactive oxygen species and hypoxia-mediated signaling pathways. Under conditions of chemical hypoxia, orexins potently increased neuronal viability and protected cortical neurons against oxidative stress. Our results also indicate that Akt kinase plays an important role in the pro-survival effects of orexins in neurons, which implies a possible mechanism of the orexin-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sokołowska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
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16
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Roca FJ, Ramakrishnan L. TNF dually mediates resistance and susceptibility to mycobacteria via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Cell 2013; 153:521-34. [PMID: 23582643 PMCID: PMC3790588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) constitutes a critical host defense against tuberculosis, but its excess is also implicated in tuberculosis pathogenesis in zebrafish and humans. Using the zebrafish, we elucidate the pathways by which TNF mediates tuberculosis pathogenesis. TNF excess induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected macrophages through RIP1-RIP3-dependent pathways. While initially increasing macrophage microbicidal activity, ROS rapidly induce programmed necrosis (necroptosis) and release mycobacteria into the growth-permissive extracellular milieu. TNF-induced necroptosis occurs through two pathways: modulation of mitochondrial cyclophilin D, implicated in mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, and acid sphingomyelinase-mediated ceramide production. Combined genetic blockade of cyclophilin D and acid sphingomyelinase renders the high TNF state hyperresistant by preventing macrophage necrosis while preserving increased microbicidal activity. Similarly, the cyclophilin D-inhibiting drug alisporivir and the acid sphingomyelinase-inactivating drug, desipramine, synergize to reverse susceptibility, suggesting the therapeutic potential of these orally active drugs against tuberculosis and possibly other TNF-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Roca
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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17
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Lampe KJ, Bjugstad KB, Mahoney MJ. Impact of degradable macromer content in a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel on neural cell metabolic activity, redox state, proliferation, and differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1857-66. [PMID: 20067398 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels that degrade at different rates were prepared by copolymerizing slowly degrading macromer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) dimethacrylate with a faster degrading macromer poly(lactic acid)-b-PEG-b-poly(lactic acid) dimethacrylate. A clinically relevant population of neural cells composed of differentiated neurons and multipotent precursor cells was cultured within hydrogels. Within 2 h after encapsulation, metabolic activity was higher in hydrogels prepared with increasing levels of degradable content. This improvement was accompanied by a reduction in intracellular redox state and an increase in the fraction of glutathione in the reduced state, both of which persisted throughout 7 days of culture and which may be the result of radical scavenging by lactic acid. Importantly, an increase in cellular proliferation was observed in gels prepared with increasing degradable macromer content after 7 days of growth without a shift in the cellular composition of the culture toward the glial cell phenotype. The findings of this study provide additional insight into the growth of neural cells in PEG-based hydrogels. Results suggest that lactic acid released during gel degradation may impact the function of encapsulated cells, a finding of general interest to biomaterials scientists who focus on the development of degradable polymers for cell culture and drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
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18
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Wild type but not mutant APP is involved in protective adaptive responses against oxidants. Amino Acids 2010; 39:271-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Lin W, Long L, Chen B, Tan W, Gao W. Fluorescence turn-on detection of Cu2+ in water samples and living cells based on the unprecedented copper-mediated dihydrorosamine oxidation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1311-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b919531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Lampe KJ, Namba RM, Silverman TR, Bjugstad KB, Mahoney MJ. Impact of lactic acid on cell proliferation and free radical-induced cell death in monolayer cultures of neural precursor cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:1214-23. [PMID: 19408314 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials prepared from polyesters of lactic acid and glycolic acid, or a mixture of the two, degrade in the presence of water into the naturally occurring metabolites, lactic acid and glycolic acid. While the lactic acid degradation product that is released from biomaterials is well tolerated by the body, lactic acid can influence the metabolic function of cells; it can serve as an energy substrate for cells, and has been shown to have antioxidant properties. Neural precursor cells, a cell population of considerable interest as a source of cells for neural tissue regeneration strategies, generate a high amount of reactive oxygen species, and when associated with a degradable biomaterial, may be impacted by released lactic acid. In this work, the effect of lactic acid on a neural cell population containing proliferative neural precursor cells was examined in monolayer culture. Lactic acid was found to scavenge exogenously added free radicals produced in the presence of either hydrogen peroxide or a photoinitiator (I2959) commonly utilized in the preparation of photopolymerizable biomaterials. In addition to its effect on exogenously added free radicals, lactic acid reduced intracellular redox state, increased the proliferation of the cell population, and modified the cell composition. The findings of this study provide insight into the role that lactic acid plays naturally on developing neural cells and are also of interest to biomaterials scientists that are focused on the development of degradable lactic-acid-based polymers for cell culture devices. The effect of lactic acid on other cell populations may differ and should be characterized to best understand how cells function in degradable cell culture devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 424 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
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21
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Woo CH, Kim TH, Choi JA, Ryu HC, Lee JE, You HJ, Bae YS, Kim JH. Inhibition of receptor internalization attenuates the TNFalpha-induced ROS generation in non-phagocytic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351:972-8. [PMID: 17097052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulatory molecules implicated in the signaling cascade triggered by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, although the events through which TNFalpha induces ROS generation are not well characterized. Here, we report that TNFalpha-induced ROS production was blocked by pretreatment with internalization inhibitor monodansyl cadaverine (MDC). Similarly, a transient expression of a GTP-binding and hydrolysis-defective dynamin mutant (dynamin(K44A)) that had been shown to be defective in internalization significantly attenuated the TNFalpha-induced intracellular ROS production. Importantly, the inhibition of receptor internalization suppressed TNFalpha signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) stimulation. Together, our results suggest that receptor internalization is somehow necessary for the TNFalpha-induced ROS generation and subsequent intracellular downstream signaling in non-phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Woo
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kho CW, Lee PY, Bae KH, Cho S, Lee ZW, Park BC, Kang S, Lee DH, Park SG. Glutathione peroxidase 3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates the activity of methionine sulfoxide reductase in a redox state-dependent way. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:25-35. [PMID: 16808898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) is one of the most important anti-oxidant enzymes in yeast. Gpx3 is a ubiquitously expressed isoform that modulates the activities of redox-sensitive thiol proteins, particularly those involved in signal transduction pathways and protein translocation. In order to search for the interaction partners of Gpx3, we carried out immunoprecipitation/2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (IP-2DE), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and a pull down assay. We found that Mxr1, a peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, interacts with Gpx3. By reducing methionine sulfoxide to methionine, Mxr1 reverses the inactivation of proteins caused by the oxidation of critical methionine residues. Gpx3 can interact with Mxr1 through the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond. When oxidative stress is induced by H(2)O(2), this interaction is compromised and the free Mxr1 then repairs the oxidized proteins. Our findings imply that this interaction links redox sensing machinery of Gpx3 to protein repair activity of Mxr1. Based on these results, we propose that Gpx3 functions as a redox-dependent exquisite regulator of the protein repair activity of Mxr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Kho
- Proteome Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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23
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Taillé C, El-Benna J, Lanone S, Boczkowski J, Motterlini R. Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and NAD(P)H Oxidase Are Targets for theAntiproliferative Effect of Carbon Monoxide in Human Airway SmoothMuscle. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:25350-60. [PMID: 15863496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503512200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the end products of heme oxygenase activity, inhibits smooth muscle proliferation by decreasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression, a signaling pathway that is known to be modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Two important sources of ROS involved in cell signaling are the membrane NAD(P)H oxidase and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Thus, that CO could modulate redox signaling in ASMCs by interacting with the heme moiety of NAD(P)H oxidase and/or the respiratory chain is a plausible hypothesis. Here we show that a recently identified carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 (or CORM-2) 1) inhibits NAD(P)H oxidase cytochrome b558 activity, 2) increases oxidant production by the mitochondria, and 3) inhibits ASMC proliferation and phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and expression of cyclin D1, two critical pathways involved in muscle proliferation. No such effects were observed with the negative control (Ru(Me2SO)4Cl2), which does not contain CO groups. Because both diphenylene iodinium or apocynin (inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase) and rotenone (a molecule that increases mitochondrial ROS production by blocking the respiratory chain) mimicked the effect of CORM-2 on cyclin D1 expression and ASMC proliferation, the antiproliferative effect of CORM-2 is probably related to inhibition of cytochromes on both NAD(P)H oxidase and the respiratory chain. The involvement of increased mitochondria-derived oxidants is substantiated by the findings showing that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially inhibited the effects of CORM-2. This study provides a new mechanism to explain redox signaling by CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Taillé
- INSERM Unité 700 and Unité 683, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 02, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
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24
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Ibarretxe G, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Campos-Esparza MR, Alberdi E, Matute C. Differential oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons after excitotoxic insults and protection by natural polyphenols. Glia 2005; 53:201-11. [PMID: 16206167 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to overactivation of both their AMPA receptors and their high- and low-affinity kainate receptors. Depending on the intensity of the insult and the type of receptor activated, excitotoxic oligodendrocyte death mediated by these receptors has different characteristics. One important consequence at a cellular level is the ensuing oxidative stress, related to Ca2+-dependent alterations in mitochondrial functioning. We observed that oxidative stress associated with selective AMPA receptor activation is much higher than that associated with the selective activation of high- and low-affinity kainate receptors. Moreover, excitotoxic insults generate more intense oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes than in cortical neurons, though similar alterations in [Ca2+]i and mitochondrial potential were observed in both cell types. Nanomolar concentrations of mangiferin and morin, two natural polyphenols with antioxidant properties, partially protect oligodendrocytes as well as cortical neurons from mild, but not intense, insults mediated by AMPA receptors. In addition to presenting oxygen radical scavenging activity, mangiferin and morin attenuate the intracellular Ca2+ overload subsequent to the activation of AMPA receptors, a mechanism that may contribute to their protective properties. The inclusion of these antioxidant agents in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases in which oligodendrocyte as well as neuron loss occurs may prove to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
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25
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Pompéia C, Cury-Boaventura MF, Curi R. Arachidonic acid triggers an oxidative burst in leukocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1549-60. [PMID: 14576910 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003001100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The change in cellular reducing potential, most likely reflecting an oxidative burst, was investigated in arachidonic acid- (AA) stimulated leukocytes. The cells studied included the human leukemia cell lines HL-60 (undifferentiated and differentiated into macrophage-like and polymorphonuclear-like cells), Jurkat and Raji, and thymocytes and macrophages from rat primary cultures. The oxidative burst was assessed by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. AA increased the oxidative burst until an optimum AA concentration was reached and the burst decreased thereafter. In the leukemia cell lines, optimum concentration ranged from 200 to 400 microM (up to 16-fold), whereas in rat cells it varied from 10 to 20 microM. Initial rates of superoxide generation were high, decreasing steadily and ceasing about 2 h post-treatment. The continuous presence of AA was not needed to stimulate superoxide generation. It seems that the NADPH oxidase system participates in AA-stimulated superoxide production in these cells since the oxidative burst was stimulated by NADPH and inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, diphenyleneiodonium and superoxide dismutase. Some of the effects of AA on the oxidative burst may be due to its detergent action. There apparently was no contribution of other superoxide-generating systems such as xanthine-xanthine oxidase, cytochromes p-450 and mitochondrial electron transport chain, as assessed by the use of inhibitors. Eicosanoids and nitric oxide also do not seem to interfere with the AA-stimulated oxidative burst since there was no systematic effect of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, but lipid peroxides may play a role, as indicated by the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction promoted by tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pompéia
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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