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Lu Q, Shan X, Zeng W, Zhou J. Production of pyruvic acid with Candida glabrata using self-fermenting spent yeast cell dry powder as a seed nitrogen source. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:109. [PMID: 38647593 PMCID: PMC10991669 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvic acid is an important organic acid and a key industrial raw material. It is widely used in the chemical, agricultural, and food fields. Candida glabrata is the preferred strain for pyruvic acid production. The waste yeast cell for pyruvic acid fermentation with C. glabrata are rich in protein, amino acid, nucleic acid, and vitamins, as potential and cost-effective nitrogen source raw material. In this study, the potential of C. glabrata to produce pyruvic acid using spent yeast cell dry powder was evaluated. When 30 g/L of spray-dried spent yeast cell powder was used as the seed nitrogen source, a high titer of pyruvic acid was obtained. The pyruvic acid production reached 63.4 g/L with a yield of 0.59 g/g in a 5 L bioreactor. After scale-up to a 50 L bioreactor using the fermented spent yeast cell dry powder as a seed nitrogen source, 65.1 g/L of pyruvic acid was harvested, with a yield of 0.61 g/g. This study proposes a promisingapproach for increasing the pyruvic acid titer and reducing the costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Lu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Design, characterization and enhanced bioavailability of hydroxypropylcellulose-naproxen conjugates. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Poudel TN, Khanal HD, Lee YR. Base-promoted ring opening of 3-chlorooxindoles for the construction of 2-aminoarylthioates and their transformation to quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cesium carbonate-promoted synthesis of diverse 2-aminoarylthioates via ring opening of 3-chlorooxindoles with thiols, and their synthetic applications is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Narayan Poudel
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hari Datta Khanal
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
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Ouyang N, Ji P, Williams JL. A novel NSAID derivative, phospho-ibuprofen, prevents AOM-induced colon cancer in rats. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:643-50. [PMID: 23291777 PMCID: PMC3982714 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer chemopreventive properties and gastrointestinal toxicity of ibuprofen are well documented. Modification of existing NSAIDs has improved on the chemopreventive efficacy of this agent and reduced its toxicity. In this study, ibuprofen and a modified derivative (phospho-modified ibuprofen or p-ibuprofen) were used in a chemically induced model of colon cancer. Fisher 344 rats were injected with azoxymethane then treated with either ibuprofen (500 ppm) or p-ibuprofen (900 ppm) for 20 weeks to observe aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or 40 weeks to evaluate tumor incidence and multiplicity. β-catenin and p65 were measured in colonic tissues by immunofluorescence staining. Equal molar doses of ibuprofen (75 and 670 mg/kg) and p-ibuprofen (135 and 1,215 mg/kg) were administered to rats for 7 days to assess acute toxicity. The in vitro effect of p-ibuprofen on COX-2 and PGE(2) synthesis, β-catenin expression and NF-κB activity were examined in RAW 264.7 macrophage and HCT 116 colon cancer cells. At week 20, p-ibuprofen and ibuprofen significantly reduced the multiplicity of ACF compared with control (p<0.05); 31.2 and 37.9%, respectively. At week 40, p-ibuprofen and ibuprofen reduced the multiplicity of colon tumors compared with control (p<0.01) by 47.2 and 56.6%, respectively. Equal molar concentrations of ibuprofen (670 mg/kg) and p-ibuprofen (1,215 mg/kg) resulted in stomach ulceration in 85.7% (6 out of 7) and 14.3% (1 out of 7) of rats, respectively, with p<0.01. Immunofluoresence staining and western blot analysis demonstrated that both ibuprofen and p-ibuprofen suppressed β-catenin nuclear translocation in colon cancer cells. In addition, p-ibuprofen but not ibuprofen inhibited NF-κB activation in colon cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that p-ibuprofen is a potential effective novel drug for long-term use in colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengtai Ouyang
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, USA
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5
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Karimi Zarchi MA, Nejabat M. Convenient synthesis of alkyl thioacetate from alkyl halide using a polymer-supported sodium thioacetate. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Zali-Boeini H, Khajeh A. Sulfonated porous carbon catalyzed direct and efficient conversion of tertiary, allylic, and benzylic alcohols to thioesters. J Sulphur Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2012.684204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Singh S, Yadav LDS. Unprecedented dithiolation of enals via their NHC-catalysed umpolung reaction with organic disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3932-6. [PMID: 22476170 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-pot N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed dithiolation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) with organic disulfides is reported. The protocol involves homoenolate reactivity of enals, where the homoenolate attacks on the disulfide as a d(3) nucleophile followed by thioesterification to afford β-aryl/alkylsulfanyl thioesters with complete atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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8
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Boeini HZ, Zali A. Solvent-Free Conversion of Thioamides to Thioesters. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.503001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Boeini HZ, Khajeh A. Direct and Efficient Conversion of Tertiary Thioamides to S-2-Oxo Thioesters under Solvent-free Conditions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.4.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Young S, Fabio K, Guillon C, Mohanta P, Halton TA, Heck DE, Flowers RA, Laskin JD, Heindel ND. Peripheral site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors targeting both inflammation and cholinergic dysfunction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2987-90. [PMID: 20347302 PMCID: PMC2864113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The design and study of two classes of noncompetitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) which also function as NSAID prodrugs are reported. The most potent AChEIs disclosed contain an aromatic alkyl-aryl linker between an NSAID and a lipophilic choline mimic and they inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the submicromolar range. These agents have the therapeutic potential to dually target inflammation by releasing an NSAID in vivo and activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via cholinergic up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Karine Fabio
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | | | - Pramod Mohanta
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Timothy A. Halton
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Diane E. Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College School of Public Health, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Laskin
- CounterACT Center of Excellence, Rutgers University/UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ned D. Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Haeusler D, Mitterhauser M, Mien LK, Shanab K, Lanzenberger R, Schirmer E, Ungersboeck J, Nics L, Spreitzer H, Viernstein H, Dudczak R, et al.. Radiosynthesis of a novel potential adenosine A3 receptor ligand, 5-ethyl 2,4-diethyl-3-((2-[18F]fluoroethyl)sulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate ([18F]FE@SUPPY:2). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since, to date very limited information on the distribution and function of the adenosine A3 receptor is available, the development of suitable radioligands is needed. Recently, we introduced [ 18F]FE@SUPPY (5-(2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl) 2,4-diethyl-3-(ethylsulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate) as the first PET-ligand for the A3R. Regarding the metabolic profile – this class of dialkylpyridines comprises two ester functions within one molecule, one carboxylic and one thiocarboxylic – one could expect carboxylesterases significantly contributing to cleavage and degradation. Therefore, our aim was the development of [ 18F]FE@SUPPY:2 (5-ethyl 2,4-diethyl-3-((2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl)sulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate), the functional isomer containing the label at the thiocarboxylic moiety.
For satisfactory yields in high scale radiosyntheses, a reaction temperature of 75 °C has to be applied for at least 20 min using 20 mg/mL of precursor. So far, 6 complete high-scale radiosyntheses were performed. Starting from an average of 51.2±21.8 GBq (mean±SD) [ 18F]fluoride, 5.8±4.1 GBq of formulated [ 18F]FE@SUPPY:2 (12.0±5.4%, based on [ 18F]fluoride, not corrected for decay) were prepared in 75±8 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Haeusler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Leonhard-Key Mien
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wien, Österreich
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12
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Mishra A, Veerasamy R, Jain PK, Dixit VK, Agrawal RK. Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of amide prodrugs of ketorolac. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2464-72. [PMID: 17967497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Mishra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
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Halen PK, Chagti KK, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Combining anticholinergic and anti-inflammatory activities into a single moiety: a novel approach to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity of ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 70:450-5. [PMID: 17927723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of reducing the local gastric irritation associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a series of N,N-disubstituted aminoalcohol ester derivatives of ibuprofen and ketoprofen were synthesized and evaluated. The esters were specially designed to possess the anticholinergic activity in the intact form and exhibit the anti-inflammatory action after hydrolysis to the respective parent drug. The rationale being that besides blocking the acidic carboxylic group of the parent drug, the existence of the anticholinergic effect in the intact molecule would further aid in reducing the gastrointestinal mucosal damage by decreasing the gastric secretions and motility. All the ester derivatives were found to be stable in acidic and basic buffers. The synthesized derivatives, with experimentally proven good anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic activities, showed significant reduction of ulcerogenicity in the stomach. These results are attributed to the acquired anticholinergic activity with a simultaneous reduction of acidic character compared to the parent compounds. The study offers a new strategy for design and development of compounds with safer therapeutic profile for long-term treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmeshwari K Halen
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Sheha M, Khedr A, Elsherief H. Biological and metabolic study of naproxen-propyphenazone mutual prodrug. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002; 17:121-30. [PMID: 12393139 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Naproxen-propyphenazone (NAP-PP) esters were synthesized as prodrugs with the aim of improving the therapeutic index through prevention of gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding. The structures of the synthesized NAP-PP hybrid esters were confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and their purity was established by elemental analysis, HPLC and TLC. The release of NAP as well as PP derivatives, from the ester prodrugs was studied. A validated analytical HPLC method for the estimation of the NAP, and the prodrugs was developed. Also the enzymatic hydrolysis products of the ester were identified by GC-MS and in conjugation with HPLC. The kinetics of ester hydrolysis was studied in two different non-enzymatic buffer solutions, at pH 1.2, and 7.4 as well as in liver homogenates. Study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in comparison with the reference compounds has shown that both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were present at the same doses of the investigated compounds. The ester III was found to be less irritating to gastric mucosal membrane than the parent drugs. These results suggest that the synthesized prodrugs are characterized by better therapeutic index than the parent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sheha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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15
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Olgen S, Akaho E, Nebioglu D. Synthesis and receptor docking studies of N-substituted indole-2-carboxylic acid esters as a search for COX-2 selective enzyme inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2001; 36:747-70. [PMID: 11672885 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(01)01258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted indole-2-carboxylic acid esters have been prepared by replacing the benzoyl group of indomethacin with a benzyl and a phenyl group. The carbocyclic acid side chain was extended via creating an ester structure by using several dialkylaminoalkyl groups. The receptor docking studies were performed to investigate the docking mode of each compound by using DOCK 4.0. All the compounds were shown to be docked at the site where intact flurbiprofen was embedded for COX-1 and s-58 (1-phenylsulphonamide-3-trifluoromethyl-5-para-bromophenylpyrazole) for COX-2. It was predicted that N-phenyl-indole-2-carboxylic acid piperazine ester 22 can be a fairly strong COX-2 selective compound which was compared to the others. Other predicted COX-2 selective compounds included are N--H indole-2-carboxylic acid diethyl 30 and piperazine 34 esters. In view of these findings, compounds 22, 30 and 34 were chosen for the in vitro biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, T-06100 Tandogan Ankara, Turkey.
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Borowiecka J, Stańczak A. Glycosyl derivatives of 2-bromosugar of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Synthesis and QSAR data. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2001; 56:257-62. [PMID: 11421253 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of molecular modeling and calculation of physicochemical SAR data we obtained new derivatives of 2-bromosugars 5a-d and 6 for widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Compounds 5a-d and 6 were synthesized as stable, crystalline compounds from the reaction of phosphoroates 1-3 with salicylic acid (4a), aspirin (4b), diclofenac (4c) and indomethacin (4d) in an aprotic solvent. The reaction took place in the presence of silver carbonate as the activator of leaving groups with high stereoselectivity and good yields. The structures of the new derivatives of 5a-d and 6 for NSAIDs were established by spectroscopic methods 1H and 13C NMR, and elemental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Borowiecka
- Department Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Lódz, Muszyńskiego, Poland
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Bansal AK, Khar RK, Dubey R, Sharma AK. Activity profile of glycolamide ester prodrugs of ibuprofen. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001; 27:63-70. [PMID: 11247537 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Glycolamide esters of ibuprofen (I), namely, unsubstituted (II), N,N dimethyl (III), and N,N diethyl (IV), were synthesized and studied for different physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties. They were comparable with I in respect of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but did not exhibit reduction in the ulcerogenicity on oral administration. However, all three exhibited significantly better topical activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. In the same assay, they provided significant protection against inflammation when applied at a site remote to the inflammation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Bansal
- College of Pharmacy, Pushp Vihar Sector 3, New Delhi 110 017, India
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18
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Bonina F, Trombetta D, Borzi' A, De Pasquale A, Saija A. 1-ethylazacycloalkan-2-one indomethacin esters as new oral prodrugs: chemical stability, enzymatic hydrolysis, anti-inflammatory activity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Int J Pharm 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Chang CS, Tsai SW. A facile enzymatic process for the preparation of (s)-Naproxen ester prodrug in organic solvents. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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De Caprariis P, Palagiano F, Bonina F, Montenegro L, D'Amico M, Rossi F. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of oligoethylene ester derivatives as indomethacin oral prodrugs. J Pharm Sci 1994; 83:1578-81. [PMID: 7891278 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600831112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Five indomethacin oligoethylene ester derivatives (3-7) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and ulcerogenic activity after oral administration. The molecular weight of the oligoethylene glycols used for synthesizing esters 3-7 ranged from 106 to 282. The chemical and enzymatic stabilities of esters 3-7 were evaluated in pH 7.4 and 2.0 buffers and in human plasma, respectively. All the prodrugs showed a good stability both in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and in pH 2.0 buffer, and they were readily hydrolyzed by human plasma. Esters 3-7 showed an anti-inflammatory activity, determined as the percent inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema, similar to that of indomethacin, although at higher doses. From writhing test results, we observed that all the prodrugs exhibited better or similar analgesic activity compared to indomethacin. Esters 3-7 were significantly less irritating to the gastric mucosa than indomethacin, after oral administration, and esters 3-5 did not show any ulcerogenic activity, although they were administered at higher doses than indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Caprariis
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II-Via Domenico Montesano, Italy
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22
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Tammara VK, Narurkar MM, Crider AM, Khan MA. Synthesis and evaluation of morpholinoalkyl ester prodrugs of indomethacin and naproxen. Pharm Res 1993; 10:1191-9. [PMID: 8415407 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018976520391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Morpholinoalkyl esters (HCl salts) of naproxen 1 and indomethacin 3 were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their potential use as prodrugs for oral delivery. Prodrugs were freely soluble in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and showed a minimum of a 2000-fold increase in solubility over the parent drugs. All prodrugs were more lipophilic than parent drugs as indicated by n-octanol/pH 7.4 buffer partition coefficients but less lipophilic in terms of n-octanol/SGF partition coefficients. Potentiometrically determined pKa's for prodrugs were in the range of 6.89 to 8.62 at 25 degrees C. All prodrugs were quantitatively hydrolyzed to their respective parent drugs by enzymatic and/or by chemical means. An increase in carbon chain length rendered the prodrugs more stable at pH 7.4 but less stable in SGF. The esters were generally found to be hydrolyzed rapidly in rat plasma at 37 degrees C, the half-lives being in the range of 1.2-31.0 min. Based on in vitro results, prodrugs 2c and 4c were chosen to evaluate solid-state stability, in vivo bioavailability, and ulcerogenicity. At elevated temperatures, the solid-state decomposition of 2c and 4c followed biphasic kinetics, with rapid decomposition occurring initially. The prodrugs were 30-36% more bioavailable orally than the parent drugs following a single equimolar solution dose in rats. Prodrugs 2c and 4c were significantly less irritating to gastric mucosa than parent drugs following single-dose and chronic oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Tammara
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe 71209
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Onwukaeme DN, Lot TY. The effects ofBaphia nitida Lodd (leguminosae) extract on the gastrointestinal tract of rats and mice. Phytother Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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