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Sawamura M, Arai T, Kawasumi K. Effect of acupuncture on the energy metabolism of dogs with intervertebral disk disease and cervical disk herniation: A pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:879-884. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThirteen dogs with intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) and 3 dogs with cervical disk herniation (CVDH) were examined to determine the effects of acupuncture on energy metabolism. Acupuncture points GV14, GV20-1, BL18, BL23, BL26, GB30, and ST36 were selected for IVDD, while GV14, GV20-1, GB20, and BL23 were selected for CVDH. All dogs except no.13 did not receive medication during acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture effects were evaluated based on the IVDD/CVDH evaluation scales in Oji 2015 and Tanaka and Nakayama 2015. Blood samples were taken before and 30 min after acupuncture treatment. Pyruvate and lactate concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, the MDH/LDH ratio (M/L ratio), and LDH isozyme electrophoretic patterns served as energy metabolism markers. In IVDD/CVDH dogs that showed improvements, plasma pyruvate concentrations significantly decreased, the M/L ratio increased, and the plasma LDH isozyme pattern changed from predominantly LDH5 to predominantly LDH1. These data suggest that local redox potential is improved and energy metabolism is increased in dogs with IVDD/CVDH after acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture treatments may activate the citric acid cycle and increase ATP production, followed by improvement of the disease. Future studies with a large sample size are needed to clarify this hypothesis.
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Soldatov AA, Golovina IV, Kolesnikova EE, Sysoeva IV, Sysoev AA, Kukhareva TA, Kladchenko ES. Activity of Energy Metabolism Enzymes
and ATP Content
in the Brain and Gills of the Black Sea Scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus under Short-Term
Hypoxia. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kopanke JH, Chen AV, Brune JE, Brenna AC, Thomovsky SA. Reference intervals for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy canines. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:267-274. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Kopanke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Pullman WA USA
| | - Annie V. Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Pullman WA USA
| | - Jourdan E. Brune
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Pullman WA USA
| | - Amanda C. Brenna
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Pullman WA USA
| | - Stephanie A. Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Pullman WA USA
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Terragni R, Morselli-Labate AM, Vignoli M, Bottero E, Brunetti B, Saunders JH. Is Serum Total LDH Evaluation Able to Differentiate between Alimentary Lymphoma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Real World Clinical Setting? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151641. [PMID: 26986208 PMCID: PMC4795755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context An increase in enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum is a negative prognostic factor for survival in cats affected by lymphoma. Measuring LDH at the time of diagnosis has been studied for differentiating neoplastic disease from non-neoplastic disease in dogs. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and alimentary lymphoma are common diseases in cats. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether elevation of total LDH occurred in cats with alimentary lymphoma and non-neoplastic gastrointestinal disease, such as IBD, and to evaluate whether this enzyme is useful in supporting the differential diagnosis of these specific diseases. Materials and Methods A prospective non-randomized controlled study was carried-out in a real world setting of three Italian private veterinary clinics. Seventy-one client-owned cats with a history of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms were enrolled; 33 cats were histologically diagnosed as having alimentary lymphoma and 38 cats as having IBD. Serum samples of total LDH analysis were measured. Results Gender (P = 0.016) and age (P = 0.046) were found to be significant factors influencing the differentiation of serum total LDH between cats with alimentary lymphoma and those with IBD. Despite low diagnostic accuracy in the overall population (63%), a cut-off value of serum total LDH ranging from 0.85- to 1.04-times the upper reference limit showed good capability (accuracy >80%) of differentiating these two conditions in neutered males and cats younger than 8 years of age (AUC: 0.805, 0.833; sensitivities: 76.9%, 83.3%; specificities: 80.0%, 76.5%; PPV: 76.9%, 55.6%; NPV: 80.0%, 92.9%; respectively). Conclusions Although our study showed that gender and age are significant factors in differentiating serum total LDH between cats with alimentary lymphoma and those with IBD, this test had poor diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between these two conditions in the overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio M. Morselli-Labate
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio, (TE), Italy
| | | | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jimmy H. Saunders
- Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Establishment and genetic characteristics analysis of in vitro culture a fibroblast cell line derived from Wuzhishan miniature pig. Cryobiology 2014; 68:281-7. [PMID: 24556363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of fibroblast cell lines of endangered pig breeds and research on the gene functions based on the cells made a significant contribution to the conservation and utilization of genetic resources. The Wuzhishan miniature pig ear marginal tissue fibroblast cell line (WPF22) from 22 samples, stocking 87 cryogenically-preserved vials, was successfully established by using primary explants technique and cell cryopreservation techniques. WPF22 cells were adherent, with a population doubling time of 30.2h. Chromosome karyotyping and G-banding analysis showed that >90.2% of cells were diploid (2n=38) prior to the 4th generation. Neither microbial contamination nor cross-contamination was detected by isoenzyme analyses. Cell viability was 97.8% before cryopreservation and 94.9% after recovery. To determine cell permeability, intracellular path and stability of exogenous proteins during the transduction, six fluorescent protein genes were transferred into fibroblasts by lipofectamine-mediated method. The transfection efficiency of six fluorescent protein genes fluctuated between 8.1% and 42.6%. ECFP and DsRed were mostly shown in cytoplasmic in dots around the nucleus, and EYFP and EGFP had a slightly stronger expression in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm, but without expression in some vacuoles. Every index of the WPF22 cell line meets all the standard quality controls of American type Culture Collection (ATCC). This research thus does not only preserve important genetic resources of Wuzhishan miniature pig at the cell level, but also serve as a valuable resource for genome, postgenome and somacloning research.
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6
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Ghoneim MA, Moselhy SS. Antioxidant status and hormonal profile reflected by experimental feeding of probiotics. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:741-50. [PMID: 24258289 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713506768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of free radicals can result in tissue damage, which mainly involves generation of hydroxyl radical and other oxidants. Such free radical-induced cell damage appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Probiotics have been used therapeutically to modulate immunity, improve digestive processes, lower cholesterol, treat rheumatoid arthritis, and prevent cancer. The proposed research was designed to evaluate the changes in oxidative and antioxidative profile in addition to metabolic-related hormones of living animal model, which may generally affect the health status. Two groups of rabbits (10 animals each) were allocated in hygienic cages of controlled animal house. Control group received standard diet, and the other group received the same diet containing one probiotic for 30 days. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in leukocytes, blood glucose, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were estimated in different tissues. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total proteins were also determined in different tissues. Certain hormones related to metabolism and growth were also evaluated. Leukocytic LDH activity was significantly increased along with nonsignificant increase of blood glucose in probiotics-fed animals. Results showed significant decreases in the levels of triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone but showed significant elevations in thyroxine, insulin, growth hormone, and testosterone levels in animals fed with probiotics. Total proteins content was highly significantly elevated in liver, kidneys, and muscles of probiotic-administered animals. Microsomal GSH level was significantly decreased only in skeletal muscles of probiotic-treated animals. MDA was significantly lowered in animal tissues fed with probiotics. GSH-Px activity was elevated in hepatic and muscular microsomes of probiotic-supplemented animals while it was nonsignificantly increased in renal microsomes. Microsomal SOD activity was elevated in liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscles of probiotics-administrated animals. It is concluded that supplementation of probiotic may enhance antioxidant efficacy and scavenge free radicals and thus may be used as a preventive measure for protection against free radicals-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy A Ghoneim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:225-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712451770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are known as living, nonpathogenic microorganisms that colonize the intestine and provide benefit to the host. The present study aims to measure one important energy metabolism-related enzyme activity in blood of rabbits fed on probiotics of recommended concentration. In addition, it also aims for the evaluation of the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Two groups of rabbits are used: control group receiving normal standardized diet and the other probiotic-supplemented group receiving the same diet containing probiotic, namely, Mega acidophilus (200 million cfu/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. The obtained results revealed that the rabbits supplemented with probiotics showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) when compared with control group. Risk factors detected by measuring TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios showed statistically significant decrease in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. In addition, blood glucose and total LDH activity were elevated in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. RT-PCR products of LDH-M gene produced two specific amplicons. One amplicon has the expected size of 243 bp from all samples of rabbits as revealed by GelPro software. The level of LDH-M expression was found to be increased in the probiotic-supplemented group. However, unexpected amplicons are produced at 586 bp in all the samples, which may be a dimeric form of the amplified region. It was concluded that this probiotic blend is beneficiary for the metabolic reactions of lipids in the body. Moreover, LDH expression level can be considered as a biomarker for the effect of probiotic and hence monitoring the metabolic changes as reflected from its administration.
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8
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Liu CQ, Guo Y, Guan WJ, Ma YH. Establishment and characterization of a fibroblast cell line derived from Mongolian sheep. Anim Sci J 2011; 82:215-22. [PMID: 21729198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mongolian sheep ear marginal tissue fibroblast cell line (MSF32) from 32 samples was successfully established by using primary explants technique and cell cryoconservation technology. MSF32 cells were adherent, with a population doubling time of 28.2 h. Chromosome analysis showed that >90.2% of cells were diploid (2n=54) prior to cell passage 4. Isoenzyme analyses of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase showed that the MSF22 cells had no cross-contamination with other species. Tests for cell line contamination with bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasmas were also negative. Plasmids encoding the fluorescent proteins pEGFP-N3, pEGFP-C1, pECFP-N1, pECFP-mito, pDsRed1-N1 and pEYFP-N1 were transfected into cells to study exogenous gene expression in the cells. The plasmid transfection efficiency was between 12.3% and 63.3%. Every index of the MSF32 cell line meets all the standard quality controls of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Not only has the genetic resources of the Mongolian sheep been preserved at the cell level, but also valuable materials had been provided for genome, postgenome and somacloning research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Liu
- Institute of Beijing Animal Science and Veterinary, CAAS, Beijing, China.
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9
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Liu C, Guo Y, Liu D, Guan W, Ma Y. Establishment and Characterization of Fibroblast Cell Line Derived from Siberian Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). Biopreserv Biobank 2010; 8:99-105. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2010.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Beijing Animal Science and Veterinary, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Northeast Tiger Wooden Land of Heilongjiang, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Guan
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Beijing Animal Science and Veterinary, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Beijing Animal Science and Veterinary, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Fararh KM, Ibrahim AK, Elsonosy YA. Thymoquinone enhances the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of diabetic rats. Res Vet Sci 2009; 88:400-4. [PMID: 19931880 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of glycemic control using thymoquinone (TQ) on energy metabolism related enzymes in leukocytes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The treatment of both TQ and insulin commenced 4weeks after induction of diabetes. Plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly reduced after TQ treatment, whereas immunoreactive insulin (IRI) showed significant increase. The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of peripheral blood leukocytes were significantly higher in rats treated with TQ and insulin as compared to that in diabetic controls. On the other hand the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) showed no significant changes between groups. ML ratio (cytosolic MDH/LDH specific activity ratio) was restored to those in the control rats. The results of this study demonstrate that TQ significantly increased insulin level and the activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH in leukocytes of STZ-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Fararh
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalioubeya, Egypt.
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11
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Li LF, Yue H, Ma J, Guan WJ, Ma YH. Establishment and characterization of a fibroblast line from Simmental cattle. Cryobiology 2009; 59:63-8. [PMID: 19426723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A fibroblast line (named SCF36) from ear marginal tissue of Simmental cattle was established successfully by direct culture of explants and cell cryopreservation techniques. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time of the thawed cells was 42.8h. The average viability of the cells was 96.8% before freezing and 91.5% after thawing. Measurements of lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase isoenzymes showed no cross-contamination of this cell line with other species. Karyotyping showed that the frequency of cells with chromosome number 2n=60 was more than 90%. Tests for bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasmas were negative. The efficiencies of expression of enhanced green, yellow and red fluorescent protein genes (pEGFP-N(3), pEYFP-N(1) and pDsRed1-N(1)) were between 11.3% and 28.8% after transfection; fluorescence was well distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus except for some cryptomeric vesicles. This Simmental cattle fibroblast line not only contains the germline of this important cattle breed, which is preserved at the cellular level, but valuable material has also been provided for genomic, postgenomic and somatic cloning research. Moreover, the establishment of these methods may provide both technical and theoretical support for preserving the genetic resources of other livestock and poultry at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-feng Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Liu C, Guo Y, Guan W, Ma Y, Zhang HH, Tang X. Establishment and biological characteristics of Luxi cattle fibroblast bank. Tissue Cell 2008; 40:417-24. [PMID: 18579172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A fibroblast line from ear marginal tissue of Luxi cattle (LXCEM2/2) was successfully established by direct culturing of explants. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time (PDT) for reviving cells was approximately 24h. Measurement of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes showed no cross-contamination among the cells. Karyotyping showed that the frequency of cells with chromosome number 2n=60 was 90.7-92.2%. Tests for bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasma were negative. The efficiencies of expression of pEGFP-N3, pEYFP-N1 and pDsRed1-N1 were between 6.3% and 31.6% at 24h, 48h and 72h after transfer; at 24h, fluorescence was well distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus except for some cryptomeric vesicles. Every index of the Luxi cattle cell line meets the quality control standards of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Not only has the germline of this important cattle breed been preserved at the cell level, but also valuable material had been provided for genome, postgenome and somacloning research. Moreover, the establishment of this technical platform may provide both technical and theoretical support for storing the genetic resources of other animals and poultry at the cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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13
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Tanaka Y, Mori A, Tazaki H, Imai S, Shiina J, Kusaba A, Ozawa T, Yoshida T, Kimura N, Hayashi T, Kenyon PR, Blair H, Arai T. Plasma metabolite concentrations and hepatic enzyme activities in pregnant Romney ewes with restricted feeding. Res Vet Sci 2007; 85:17-21. [PMID: 17920647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma metabolite concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in plasma, peripheral leukocytes and liver of pregnant Romney ewes with restricted feeding were measured to assess those metabolites and enzymes as indicators for evaluating metabolic conditions in the ewes. The body weights and plasma lactate concentrations of the low-feeding ewes (about 1.0 times maintenance) were significantly lower than those of the high-feeding ewes (about 1.5 times maintenance). There were no significant differences in plasma protein, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, pyruvate and immunoreactive insulin concentrations and plasma and leukocyte enzyme activities between both groups. Hepatic malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher and hexokinase activities were significantly lower in the low-feeding ewes than in the high-feeding ewes. Restricted feeding could maintain pregnancy and some plasma metabolites and peripheral leukocyte enzymes may be useful indicators for evaluating metabolic changes in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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14
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Sako T, Urabe S, Kusaba A, Kimura N, Yoshimura I, Tazaki H, Imai S, Ono K, Arai T. Comparison of plasma metabolite concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activity in dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:413-7. [PMID: 17216306 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-3482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Sako
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Kimura N, Fujino E, Urabe S, Mizutani H, Sako T, Imai S, Toyoda Y, Arai T. Effect of supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extracts on enzyme activities in peripheral leukocytes of calves. Res Vet Sci 2007; 82:7-10. [PMID: 16624357 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Agaricus mushroom meal on the energy metabolism in animal tissues; plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in plasma and peripheral leukocytes were measured in Japanese Black WagyuxHolstein F1 calves supplemented with Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) extract in milk-replacer at the dose of 60g/head/day for 4 weeks. Activities of malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in cytosol and glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria, and the malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio in cytosol in peripheral leukocytes of calves with A. blazei were significantly higher than those in control calves without A. blazei. It was concluded that supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extract was effective in activation of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kimura
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animals Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Tanaka A, Urabe S, Takeguchi A, Mizutani H, Sako T, Imai S, Yoshimura I, Kimura N, Arai T. Comparison of Activities of Enzymes Related to Energy Metabolism in Peripheral Leukocytes and Livers between Holstein Dairy Cows and ICR Mice. Vet Res Commun 2006; 30:29-38. [PMID: 16362608 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-3223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in peripheral leukocytes and livers of Holstein dairy cows and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. In dairy cow liver, activities of enzymes in glycolysis, malate-aspartate shuttle and lipogenesis were lower, but activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis were higher than those in mouse liver. Glucokinase activities were below detection limit in leukocytes and liver of the cows. Dairy cow leukocytes and liver showed the isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and-3, whereas mouse leukocytes and liver showed that LDH-5 was dominant. The LDH isoenzyme patterns were very similar between leukocytes and liver in each animal species. Some enzymes in leukocytes may reflect those enzymes activities in liver and be a useful indicator for energy metabolism in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Takeguchi A, Urabe S, Tanaka A, Sako T, Washizu T, Morinaga N, Kimura N, Arai T. Activities of enzymes in some types of peripheral leucocytes may reflect the differences in nutrient metabolism between dogs and cats. Res Vet Sci 2005; 78:21-4. [PMID: 15500835 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma metabolites and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and enzyme activities of some types of peripheral leucocytes were measured to clarify one aspect of the differences in nutrient metabolism between dogs and cats. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acids and IRI between dogs and cats. Higher total cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in feline plasma, and H/T ratio (HDL/total cholesterol concentrations) was significantly lower than that in canine plasma. The cytosolic activities of fructokinase (FK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were significantly lower in feline leucocytes than those in canine leucocytes. Higher activities of FK, PK and G6PD, which regulate the rate of biosynthesis of fatty acids, may reflect the different characteristics in nutrient metabolism in feline tissues from canine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takeguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Magori E, Nakamura M, Inoue A, Tanaka A, Sasaki N, Fukuda H, Mizutani H, Sako T, Kimura N, Arai T. Malate dehydrogenase activities are lower in some types of peripheral leucocytes of dogs and cats with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Res Vet Sci 2005; 78:39-44. [PMID: 15500838 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The activities of the enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured in peripheral leucocytes of spontaneous type 1 diabetic dogs and cats treated with insulin injections. In the diabetic dogs and cats, fasting plasma glucose concentrations were three- or fourfold greater than the control levels in spite of insulin injections and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), one of pivotal enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle, were remarkably lower than the controls. Depressed expression of cytosolic MDH mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis in the diabetic animals. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (M / L ratio) in leucocytes of the diabetic animals was significantly lower than that of normal control animals. The smaller M / L ratio appeared to reflect depression of energy metabolism in the diabetic animals. Intrinsically lower and further decreased MDH activities may be factors that induce insulin resistance observed in diabetic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Magori
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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19
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Hosoya M, Inoue A, Kimura N, Arai T. Enzyme activities in some types of peripheral leukocytes of thoroughbred race horses before and after the races. Res Vet Sci 2004; 77:101-4. [PMID: 15196899 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations in plasma and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in some types of peripheral leukocytes were measured in thoroughbred race horses before and after racing. Glucose, FFA, TG and IRI concentrations and enzyme activities did not change significantly in plasma. However, the activities of cytosolic hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), mitochondrial MDH and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in leukocytes of the horses after the races. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity (ML ratio) in leukocytes decreased significantly after racing, and the ratio may be a useful indicator to evaluate energy metabolism in race horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hosoya
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Arai T, Inoue A, Uematsu Y, Sako T, Kimura N. Activities of enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle and the isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and riding horses. Res Vet Sci 2003; 75:15-9. [PMID: 12801458 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activities of the enzymes involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and thoroughbred riding horses as representative herbivorous animals. In the horse plasma, LDH activities were significantly lower and AST activities were significantly higher than those in the cow plasma. The specific activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), LDH and AST in the horse leukocytes were higher than those in the cows. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity (ML ratio) in the horse leukocytes was significantly lower than that in the cow leukocytes owing to significantly higher activities of LDH. The ML ratio was considered to reflect the difference in energy metabolism in leukocytes between cows and horses. The plasma LDH isoenzyme patterns of cow and horse showed the characteristic as herbivorous animals with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and -3. The LDH isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-3 and -4 in the horse leukocytes were remarkably different from those in the cow leukocytes. There were significant differences in activities of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes, ML ratio and LDH isoenzyme patterns in the cytosolic fractions of leukocytes between the lactating cows and the riding horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Divisions of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Arai T, Inoue A, Takeguchi A, Mizutani H, Shimoo M, Sako T, Yoshimura I, Kimura N. Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Plasma and Leukocytes in Dairy and Beef Cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:1241-3. [PMID: 14665755 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in plasma and leukocytes were investigated in lactating Holstein cows (dairy cattle) and fattening Japanese Black Wagyu x Holstein steers (beef cattle). IRI concentrations and LDH and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in the plasma of beef cattle were significantly higher than those in dairy cattle. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity in the leukocytes of beef cattle was significantly higher than that of dairy cattle. These findings might be associated with the different energy metabolism between dairy and beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Arai
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Masashino, Tokyo, Japan
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