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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Arend LB, Verli H. Revisiting the structural basis for biological activity of GMI-1070, a sialyl Lewis x mimetic. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108829. [PMID: 37182470 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to the treatment of pathologies in which aberrant cell adhesion and extravasation from the bloodstream have been implicated, the selectins represent a central therapeutic target. In this context, the present work investigates the conformational landscape of two prototypes for the design of new antineoplasic and anti-inflammatory agents: the natural selectin ligand sialyl Lewisx and its mimetic GMI-1070. Accordingly, a series of unbiased molecular dynamics simulations at the microsecond scale using GROMOS 53A6 (GLYC), CHARMM36m and GLYCAM06 force fields were employed, together with ConfID, an analytical method for the characterization of conformational populations of small molecules. Our results for sialyl Lewisx are in agreement with and expand upon prior work. As for the mimetic, our results indicate that, in spite of its conformational restriction, GMI-1070's behavior in solution deviates from what had been proposed, highlighting thus some features that could be optimized, as the development of sialyl Lewisx mimetics continues, and new candidates emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís B Arend
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, 91500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, 91500-970, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Smith BAH, Bertozzi CR. The clinical impact of glycobiology: targeting selectins, Siglecs and mammalian glycans. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:217-243. [PMID: 33462432 PMCID: PMC7812346 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates - namely glycans - decorate every cell in the human body and most secreted proteins. Advances in genomics, glycoproteomics and tools from chemical biology have made glycobiology more tractable and understandable. Dysregulated glycosylation plays a major role in disease processes from immune evasion to cognition, sparking research that aims to target glycans for therapeutic benefit. The field is now poised for a boom in drug development. As a harbinger of this activity, glycobiology has already produced several drugs that have improved human health or are currently being translated to the clinic. Focusing on three areas - selectins, Siglecs and glycan-targeted antibodies - this Review aims to tell the stories behind therapies inspired by glycans and to outline how the lessons learned from these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Smith
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Patel MS, Miranda-Nieves D, Chen J, Haller CA, Chaikof EL. Targeting P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/P-selectin interactions as a novel therapy for metabolic syndrome. Transl Res 2017; 183:1-13. [PMID: 28034759 PMCID: PMC5393932 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome continue to pose an important public health challenge worldwide as they significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Advances in the pathophysiologic understanding of this process has identified that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role. In this regard, given that both animal models and human studies have demonstrated that the interaction of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) with P-selectin is not only critical for normal immune response but also is upregulated in the setting of metabolic syndrome, PSGL-1/P-selectin interactions provide a novel target for preventing and treating resultant disease. Current approaches of interfering with PSGL-1/P-selectin interactions include targeted antibodies, recombinant immunoglobulins that competitively bind P-selectin, and synthetic molecular therapies. Experimental models as well as clinical trials assessing the role of these modalities in a variety of diseases have continued to contribute to the understanding of PSGL-1/P-selectin interactions and have demonstrated the difficulty in creating clinically relevant therapeutics. Most recently, however, computational simulations have further enhanced our understanding of the structural features of PSGL-1 and related glycomimetics, which are responsible for high-affinity selectin interactions. Leveraging these insights for the design of next generation agents has thus led to development of a promising synthetic method for generating PSGL-1 glycosulfopeptide mimetics for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar S Patel
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - David Miranda-Nieves
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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5
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Calosso M, Tambutet G, Charpentier D, St-Pierre G, Vaillancourt M, Bencheqroun M, Gratton JP, Prévost M, Guindon Y. Acyclic tethers mimicking subunits of polysaccharide ligands: selectin antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1054-9. [PMID: 25221666 DOI: 10.1021/ml500266x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of molecules having E- and P-selectins blocking activity both in vitro and in vivo. The GlcNAc component of the selectin ligand sialyl Lewis(X) was replaced by an acyclic tether that links two saccharide units. The minimization of intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions and the gauche effect would be at the origin of the conformational bias imposed by this acyclic tether. The stereoselective synthesis of these molecules, their biochemical and biological evaluations using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), and in vivo assays are described. Because the structure of our analogues differs from the most potent E-selectin antagonists reported, our acyclic analogues offer new opportunities for chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Calosso
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Tambutet
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Daniel Charpentier
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Gabrielle St-Pierre
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marc Vaillancourt
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bencheqroun
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gratton
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michel Prévost
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
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6
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Rachel H, Chang-Chun L. Recent advances toward the development of inhibitors to attenuate tumor metastasis via the interruption of lectin-ligand interactions. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2014; 69:125-207. [PMID: 24274369 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408093-5.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs on the surface of tumor cells, and the overexpression of a number of ligands (such as TF, sialyl Tn, and sialyl Lewis X) has been correlated to a worse prognosis for the patient. These unique carbohydrate structures play an integral role in cell-cell communication and have also been associated with more metastatic cancer phenotypes, which can result from binding to lectins present on cell surfaces. The most well studied metastasis-associated lectins are the galectins and selectins, which have been correlated to adhesion, neoangiogenesis, and immune-cell evasion processes. In order to slow the rate of metastatic lesion formation, a number of approaches have been successfully developed which involve interfering with the tumor lectin-substrate binding event. Through the generation of inhibitors, or by attenuating lectin and/or carbohydrate expression, promising results have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. This article briefly summarizes the involvement of lectins in the metastatic process and also describes different approaches used to prevent these undesirable carbohydrate-lectin binding events, which should ultimately lead to improvement in current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevey Rachel
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Peters T. A matter of order: how E-selectin makes sweet contacts. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2325-6. [PMID: 23011897 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An entropy exclusive: Sialyl Lewis(x) can be thought of as a "preorganized water oligomer". Recent research in the Ernst laboratory shows that the recognition of sialyl Lewis(x) by E-selectin is exclusively entropy driven. This finding has implications for the design of carbohydrate-based drugs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM), University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Alle 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
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8
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Binder FPC, Lemme K, Preston RC, Ernst B. Sialyl-Lewisx - ein “präorganisiertes Wasseroligomer”? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Binder FPC, Lemme K, Preston RC, Ernst B. Sialyl Lewis(x): a "pre-organized water oligomer"? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7327-31. [PMID: 22782926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organized and released: Sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) represents a "pre-organized water oligomer", that is, a surrogate for clustered water molecules attached to a scaffold. The impetus for sLe(x) binding to E-selectin is shown to be the high degree of pre-organization allowing an array of directed hydrogen bonds, and the entropic benefit of the release of water molecules from the large binding interface to bulk water (see picture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P C Binder
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Fiege B, Rademacher C, Cartmell J, Kitov PI, Parra F, Peters T. Molecular Details of the Recognition of Blood Group Antigens by a Human Norovirus as Determined by STD NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Fiege B, Rademacher C, Cartmell J, Kitov PI, Parra F, Peters T. Molecular details of the recognition of blood group antigens by a human norovirus as determined by STD NMR spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:928-32. [PMID: 22170811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fiege
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Chemistry, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Chang J, Patton JT, Sarkar A, Ernst B, Magnani JL, Frenette PS. GMI-1070, a novel pan-selectin antagonist, reverses acute vascular occlusions in sickle cell mice. Blood 2010; 116:1779-86. [PMID: 20508165 PMCID: PMC2947397 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-260513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion in the microvasculature influences blood rheology and plays a key role in vaso-occlusive manifestations of sickle cell disease. Notably, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) can capture circulating sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) in inflamed venules, leading to critical reduction in blood flow and vaso-occlusion. Recent studies have suggested that E-selectin expression by endothelial cells plays a key role by sending activating signals that lead to the activation of Mac-1 at the leading edge of PMNs, thereby allowing RBC capture. Thus, the inhibition of E-selectin may represent a valuable target in this disease. Here, we have tested the biologic properties of a novel synthetic pan-selectin inhibitor, GMI-1070, with in vitro assays and in a humanized model of sickle cell vaso-occlusion analyzed by intravital microscopy. We have found that GMI-1070 predominantly inhibited E-selectin-mediated adhesion and dramatically inhibited sRBC-leukocyte interactions, leading to improved microcirculatory blood flow and improved survival. These results suggest that GMI-1070 may represent a valuable novel therapeutic intervention for acute sickle cell crises that should be further evaluated in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungshan Chang
- Departments of Medicine and Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Pedatella S, De Nisco M, Ernst B, Guaragna A, Wagner B, Woods RJ, Palumbo G. New sialyl Lewis(x) mimic containing an alpha-substituted beta(3)-amino acid spacer. Carbohydr Res 2007; 343:31-8. [PMID: 17980866 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly convergent and efficient synthesis of a new sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) mimic, which was predicted by computational studies to fulfil the spacial requirements for a selectin antagonist, has been developed. With a beta(2,3)-amino acid residue l-galactose (bioisostere of the l-fucose moiety present in the natural sLe(x)) and succinate are linked, leading to a mimic of sLe(x) that contains all the required pharmacophores, namely the 3- and 4-hydroxy group of l-fucose, the 4- and 6-hydroxy group of d-galactose and the carboxylic acid of N-acetylneuraminic acid. The key step of the synthesis involves a tandem reaction consisting of a N-deprotection and a suitable O-->N intramolecular acyl migration reaction which is promoted by cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN). Finally, the new sialyl Lewis(x) mimic was biologically evaluated in a competitive binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pedatella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cynthia, 4 I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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14
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Johnson MA, Höög C, Pinto BM. A novel modeling protocol for protein receptors guided by bound-ligand conformation. Biochemistry 2003; 42:1842-53. [PMID: 12590571 DOI: 10.1021/bi020608f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol for protein homology modeling is described, in which uncertainty in protein structure is resolved by applying the criterion that the protein must bind to a complementary ligand. A diverse library of protein models is created and then screened by docking with ligands of known conformation. The more accurate protein models form higher-quality docked complexes, and the quality of the fit is used to select the best models. The effectiveness of this technique with both natural and unnatural ligands is demonstrated by modeling the Fv fragment of an antibody and comparing the results to known crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
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15
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Kaila N, Thomas BE. Design and synthesis of sialyl Lewis(x) mimics as E- and P-selectin inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2002; 22:566-601. [PMID: 12369089 DOI: 10.1002/med.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The selectins are a family of cell-adhesion proteins that mediate the rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells through the recognition of the carbohydrate epitope sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)). Control of the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion process may prove useful in cases where excess recruitment of leukocytes can contribute to acute diseases such as stroke and reperfusion injury and chronic diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The development of molecules that block the interactions between sLe(x) and the selectins has become an active area of research. In this review, we will highlight the various approaches taken toward the development of sLe(x) mimetics as antagonists of E- and P-selectin, including the use of structural information about the selectins and their interactions with sLe(x) that have been revealed through the use of NMR, protein crystallography and molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Kaila
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, WYETH, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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16
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Chervin SM, Lowe JB, Koreeda M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new sialyl Lewis X mimetic derived from lactose. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5654-62. [PMID: 12153264 DOI: 10.1021/jo025579t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)) mimetic compound, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 3-O-carboxymethyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2a), has been synthesized in 14 steps from D-lactose. This synthesis features the use of the activated glycosylating donor, lactosyl iodide, in a Koenigs-Knorr sequence, the regioselective derivatization at the C-3 position of the galactose moiety, and the stereoselective construction of a fucose-alpha(1-->6)-lactose linkage. The mimetic was tested for its ability to inhibit human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (hPMNL) adhesion to immobilized recombinant human E-selectin under shear stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Chervin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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17
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Brisson JR, Crawford E, Uhrín D, Khieu NH, Perry MB, Severn WB, Richards JC. The core oligosaccharide component from Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica serotype Al lipopolysaccharide contains L-glycero-D-manno- and D-glycero-D-manno-heptoses: Analysis of the structure and conformation by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory have indicated that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1 contains both L-glycero-D-manno-heptose and D-glycero-D-manno-heptose residues. NMR methods making use of 1D 1H selective excitation and 2D (1H, 13C) and (1H, 31P) heteronuclear experiments were used for the structural determination of the major core oligosaccharide components of the deacylated low-molecular-mass LPS obtained following sequential treatment with anhydrous hydrazine and aq KOH. The core oligosaccharide region was found to be composed of a branched octasaccharide linked to the deacylated lipid A moiety via a 3-deoxy-4-phospho-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residue having the structure,[Formula: see text]Heterogeneity was found to be present at several linkages. NMR methods were devised to distinguish between the diastereomeric forms of the heptose residues. Synthesized monosaccharides of L-D- and D-D-heptose were used as model compounds for analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts and proton coupling constants. Molecular modeling using a Monte Carlo method for conformational analysis of saccharides was used to determine the conformation of the inner core of the oligosaccharide and to establish the stereochemical relationships between the heptoses.Key words: LPS, NMR, conformation, oligosaccharide, heptose.
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18
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Demura M, Noda M, Kajimoto T, Uchiyama T, Umemoto K, Wong CH, Asakura T. Solution structure of sialyl Lewis X mimics studied by two-dimensional NMR. J Mol Struct 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Haselhorst T, Weimar T, Peters T. Molecular recognition of sialyl Lewis(x) and related saccharides by two lectins. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10705-14. [PMID: 11674003 DOI: 10.1021/ja011156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of sialyl Lewis(x), Lewis(x), and alpha-L-Fuc-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc with isolectin A from Lotus tetragonolobus (LTL-A), and with Aleuria aurantia agglutinin (AAA) was studied using NMR experiments and surface plasmon resonance. Both lectins are specific for fucose residues. From NMR experiments it was concluded that alpha-L-Fuc-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc and Lewis(x) bound to both lectins, whereas sialyl Lewis(x) only bound to AAA. Increased line broadening of 1H NMR signals of the carbohydrate ligands upon binding to AAA and LTL-A suggested that AAA bound to the ligands more tightly. Further comparison of line widths showed that for both lectins binding strengths decreased from alpha-L-Fuc-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc to Lewis(x) and were lowest for sialyl Lewis(x). Surface plasmon resonance measurements were then employed to yield accurate dissociation constants. TrNOESY, QUIET-trNOESY, and trROESY experiments delivered bioactive conformations of the carbohydrate ligands, and STD NMR experiments allowed a precise epitope mapping of the carbohydrates bound to the lectins. The bioactive conformation of Lewis(x) bound to LTL-A, or AAA revealed an unusual orientation of the fucose residue, with negative values for both dihedral angles, phi and psi, at the alpha(1-->3)-glycosidic linkage. A similar distortion of the fucose orientation was also observed for sialyl Lewis(x) bound to AAA. From STD NMR experiments it followed that only the L-fucose residues are in intimate contact with the protein. Presumably steric interactions are responsible for locking the sialic acid residue of sialyl Lewis(x) in one out of many orientations that are present in aqueous solution. The sialic acid residue of sialyl Lewis(x) bound to AAA adopts an orientation similar to that in the corresponding sialyl Lewis(x)/E-selectin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Haselhorst
- Institut für Chemie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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20
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Kogelberg H, Feizi T. New structural insights into lectin-type proteins of the immune system. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2001; 11:635-43. [PMID: 11785767 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New structural data have emerged for the ligand-binding sites of C-type lectin domains and C-type lectin-like domains of receptors of the immune system. These include binding sites for oligosaccharide or polypeptide ligands, or both oligosaccharide and polypeptide ligands. The structural basis for the binding of a lectin domain of the beta-trefoil family to different sulfooligosaccharide sequences has been revealed. Lectin activity has been documented for a beta/alpha TIM barrel fold that does not have the chitinase activity of the prototype enzyme with this fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kogelberg
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
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21
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Sue SC, Brisson JR, Chang SC, Huang WN, Lee SC, Jarrell HC, Wu W. Structures of heparin-derived disaccharide bound to cobra cardiotoxins: context-dependent conformational change of heparin upon binding to the rigid core of the three-fingered toxin. Biochemistry 2001; 40:10436-46. [PMID: 11523985 DOI: 10.1021/bi010847n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been suggested to be a potential target for cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) with high affinity and specificity via a cationic belt at the concave surface of the polypeptide. The interaction of GAGs, such as high-molecular weight heparin, with CTXs not only can induce aggregation of CTX molecules but also can enhance their penetration into membranes. The binding of short chain heparin, such as a heparin-derived disaccharide [DeltaUA2S(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S], to CTX A3 from Taiwan cobra (Naja atra), however, will not induce aggregation and was, therefore, investigated by high-resolution (1)H NMR. A novel heparin binding site on the convex side of the CTX, near the rigid disulfide bond-tightened core region of Cys38, was identified due to the observation of intermolecular NOEs between the protein and carbohydrate. The derived carbohydrate conformation using complete relaxation and conformational exchange matrix analysis (CORCEMA) of NOEs indicated that the glycosidic linkage conformation and the ring conformation of the unsaturated uronic acid in the bound state depended significantly on the charge context of CTX molecules near the binding site. Specifically, comparative binding studies of several heparin disaccharide homologues with two CTX homologues (CTX Tgamma from Naja nigricollis and CTX A3) indicated that the electrostatic interaction of N-sulfate of glucosamine with NH(3)(+)zeta of Lys12 and of the 2-O-sulfate of the unsaturated uronic acid with NH(3)(+)zeta of Lys5 played an important role. These results also suggest a model on how the CTX-heparin interaction may regulate heparin-induced aggregation of the toxin via the second heparin binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Sue
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
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22
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Imberty A, Pérez S. Structure, conformation, and dynamics of bioactive oligosaccharides: theoretical approaches and experimental validations. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4567-88. [PMID: 11749358 DOI: 10.1021/cr990343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Imberty
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS, affiliated with Joseph Fourier Université), 601 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
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23
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Duus J, Gotfredsen CH, Bock K. Carbohydrate structural determination by NMR spectroscopy: modern methods and limitations. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4589-614. [PMID: 11749359 DOI: 10.1021/cr990302n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Duus
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Bush CA, Martin-Pastor M, Imberty A. Structure and conformation of complex carbohydrates of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and bacterial polysaccharides. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1999; 28:269-93. [PMID: 10410803 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.28.1.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For nuclear magnetic resonance determinations of the conformation of oligosaccharides in solution, simple molecular mechanics calculations and nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements are adequate for small oligosaccharides that adopt single, relatively rigid conformations. Polysaccharides and larger or more flexible oligosaccharides generally require additional types of data, such as scalar and dipolar coupling constants, which are most conveniently measured in 13C-enriched samples. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation data provide information on the dynamics of oligosaccharides, which involves several different types of internal motion. Oligosaccharides complexed with lectins and antibodies have been successfully studied both by X-ray crystallography and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The complexes have been shown to be stabilized by a combination of polar hydrogen bonding interactions and van der Waals attractions. Although theoretical calculations of the conformation and stability of free oligosaccharides and of complexes with proteins can be carried out by molecular mechanics methods, the role of solvent water for these highly polar molecules continues to present computational problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21250, USA.
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25
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Shimizu H, Donohue-Rolfe A, Homans SW. Derivation of the Bound-State Conformation of a Ligand in a Weakly Aligned Ligand−Protein Complex. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990586t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shimizu
- School of Biomedical Sciences University of St. Andrews North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K. Department of Comparative Medicine Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
| | - Art Donohue-Rolfe
- School of Biomedical Sciences University of St. Andrews North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K. Department of Comparative Medicine Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
| | - Steve W. Homans
- School of Biomedical Sciences University of St. Andrews North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K. Department of Comparative Medicine Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
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26
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Hricovíni M, Guerrini M, Bisio A. Structure of heparin-derived tetrasaccharide complexed to the plasma protein antithrombin derived from NOEs, J-couplings and chemical shifts. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 261:789-801. [PMID: 10215897 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A complex of the synthetic tetrasaccharide AGA*IM [GlcN, 6-SO3-alpha(1-4)-GlcA-beta(1-4)-GlcN,3, 6-SO3-alpha(1-4)-IdoA-alphaOMe] and the plasma protein antithrombin has been studied by NMR spectroscopy. 1H and 13C chemical shifts, three-bond proton-proton (3JH-H) and one-bond proton-carbon coupling constants (1JC-H) as well as transferred NOEs and rotating frame Overhauser effects (ROEs) were monitored as a function of the protein : ligand molar ratio and temperature. Considerable changes were observed at both 20 : 1 and 10 : 1 ratios (AGA*IM : antithrombin) in 1H as well as 13C chemical shifts. The largest changes in 1H chemical shifts, and the linewidths, were found for proton resonances (A1, A2, A6, A6', A1*, A2*, A3*, A4*) in GlcN, 6-SO3 and GlcN,3,6-SO3 units, indicating that both glucosamine residues are strongly involved in the binding process. The changes in the linewidths in the IdoA residue were considerably smaller than those in other residues, suggesting that the IdoA unit experienced different internal dynamics during the binding process. This observation was supported by measurements of 3JH-H and 1JC-H. The magnitude of the three-bond proton-proton couplings (3JH1-H2 = 2.51 Hz and 3JH4-H5 = 2.23 Hz) indicate that in the free state an equilibrium exists between 1C4 and 2S0 conformers in the ratio of approximately 75 : 25. The chair form appears the more favourable in the presence of antithrombin, as inferred from the magnitude of the coupling constants. In addition, two-dimensional NOESY and ROESY experiments in the free ligand, as well as transferred NOESY and ROESY spectra of the complex, were measured and interpreted using full relaxation and conformational exchange matrix analysis. The theoretical NOEs were computed using the geometry of the tetrasaccharide found in a Monte Carlo conformational search, and the three-dimensional structures of AGA*IM in both free and bound forms were derived. All monitored NMR variables, 1H and 13C chemical shifts, 1JC-H couplings and transferred NOEs, indicated that the changes in conformation at the glycosidic linkage GlcN, 6-SO3-alpha(1-4)-GlcA were induced by the presence of antithrombin and suggested that the receptor selected a conformer different from that in the free state. Such changes are compatible with the two-step model [Desai, U.R., Petitou, M., Bjork, I. & Olson, S. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 7478-7487] for the interaction of heparin-derived oligosaccharides with antithrombin, but with a minor extension: in the first step a low-affinity recognition complex between ligand and receptor is formed, accompanied by a conformational change in the tetrasaccharide, possibly creating a complementary three-dimensional structure to fit the protein-binding site. During the second step, as observed in a structurally similar pentasaccharide [Skinner, R., Abrahams, J.-P., Whisstock, J.C., Lesk, A.M., Carrell, R.W. & Wardell, M.R. (1997) J. Mol. Biol. 266, 601-609; Jin, L., Abrahams, J.-P., Skinner, R., Petitou, M., Pike, R. N. & Carrell, R.W. (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 14683-14688], conformational changes in the binding site of the protein result in a latent conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hricovíni
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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27
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Harris R, Kiddle GR, Field RA, Milton MJ, Ernst B, Magnani JL, Homans SW. Stable-Isotope-Assisted NMR Studies on 13C-Enriched Sialyl Lewisx in Solution and Bound to E-Selectin. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983423y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Harris
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Graham R. Kiddle
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Robert A. Field
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Mark J. Milton
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Beat Ernst
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - John L. Magnani
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Steve W. Homans
- Contribution from the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K., Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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28
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Henrichsen D, Ernst B, Magnani JL, Wang WT, Meyer B, Peters T. Bioaffinitäts-NMR-Spektroskopie – Identifizierung eines E-Selectin-Antagonisten in einem Substanzgemisch durch Transfer-NOE. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990115)111:1/2<106::aid-ange106>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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