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Cancer Nanopharmaceuticals: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro/In Vivo Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081896. [PMID: 33920840 PMCID: PMC8071188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biopharmaceutical characterization tools play a key role in the assessment of nanopharmaceuticals' potential imaging analysis and for site-specific delivery of anti-cancers to neoplastic cells/tissues. If diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches are combined in one single nanoparticle, a new platform called nanotheragnostics is generated. Several analytical technologies allow us to characterize nanopharmaceuticals and nanoparticles and their properties so that they can be properly used in cancer therapy. This paper describes the role of multifunctional nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment, describing how nanotheragnostics can be useful in modern chemotherapy, and finally, the challenges associated with the commercialization of nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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Kopeček J, Yang J. Polymer nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:40-64. [PMID: 32735811 PMCID: PMC7736172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanomedicines (macromolecular therapeutics, polymer-drug conjugates, drug-free macromolecular therapeutics) are a group of biologically active compounds that are characterized by their large molecular weight. This review focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble macromolecules with low molecular weight drugs and selected proteins. After analyzing the design principles, different structures of polymer carriers are discussed followed by the examination of the efficacy of the conjugates in animal models and challenges for their translation into the clinic. Two innovative directions in macromolecular therapeutics that depend on receptor crosslinking are highlighted: a) Combination chemotherapy of backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates with immune checkpoint blockade by multivalent polymer peptide antagonists; and b) Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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3
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Beyer VP, Monaco A, Napier R, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Bottlebrush Glycopolymers from 2-Oxazolines and Acrylamides for Targeting Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin and Mannose-Binding Lectin. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2298-2308. [PMID: 32320219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are omnipresent carbohydrate binding proteins that are involved in a multitude of biological processes. Unearthing their binding properties is a powerful tool toward the understanding and modification of their functions in biological applications. Herein, we present the synthesis of glycopolymers with a brush architecture via a "grafting from" methodology. The use of a versatile 2-oxazoline inimer was demonstrated to open avenues for a wide range of 2-oxazoline/acrylamide bottle brush polymers utilizing aqueous Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP). The polymers in the obtained library were assessed for their thermal properties in aqueous solution and their binding toward the C-type animal lectins dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) via surface plasmon resonance spectrometry. The encapsulation properties of a hydrophobic drug-mimicking compound demonstrated the potential use of glyco brush copolymers in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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4
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Dalal C, Jana NR. Riboflavin-Terminated, Multivalent Quantum Dot as Fluorescent Cell Imaging Probe. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11380-11388. [PMID: 31389703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugated nanoparticles are commonly used for targeting cellular/subcellular components, and labeling performance is known to depend on multivalency, i.e., the number of attached biomolecule per particle. However, these multivalency effects are largely unexplored. Here, we show that multivalency of nanoparticle-bound riboflavin controls the cellular interaction, cellular entry/exit mechanism, and subcellular trafficking property. We have synthesized riboflavin-functionalized quantum dot (QD) of 15-25 nm hydrodynamic size with average riboflavin multivalencies of 15, 30, and 70 [designated as QD(RF)15, QD(RF)30, and QD(RF)70, respectively] and investigated their uptake mechanism in riboflavin receptor overexpressed KB cells. We found that increased multivalency from 15 to 70 increases the cellular interaction with QD, shifts the cell uptake mechanism from caveolae-clathrin to exclusive clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and enhances lysosomal trafficking. This work demonstrates the importance of multivalency of bioconjugated molecule at the nanoparticle surface toward biolabeling performance and should be optimized for best performance of designed nanobioconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumki Dalal
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
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5
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Jha PK. Molecular interaction between bi-antennary phenylboronic acid and sialic acid using density functional theory and multi-time scale trajectories. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1242-1247. [PMID: 30885094 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1596839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Patel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Maliba Pharmacy College, UKA Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Prafulla K Jha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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6
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Ma G, Luo X, Sun X, Wang W, Shou Q, Liang X, Liu H. Glycopolymer Grafted Silica Gel as Chromatographic Packing Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010010. [PMID: 30577498 PMCID: PMC6337448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of the surface of silica gel to prepare hydrophilic chromatographic fillers has recently become a research interest. Most researchers have grafted natural sugar-containing polymers onto chromatographic surfaces. The disadvantage of this approach is that the packing structure is singular and the application scope is limited. In this paper, we explore the innovative technique of grafting a sugar-containing polymer, 2-gluconamidoethyl methacrylamide (GAEMA), onto the surface of silica gel by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The SiO2-g-GAEMA with ATRP reaction time was characterized by Fourier infrared analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. As the reaction time lengthened, the amount of GAEMA grafted on the surface of the silica gel gradually increased. The GAEMA is rich in amide bonds and hydroxyl groups and is a typical hydrophilic chromatography filler. Finally, SiO2-g-GAEMA (reaction time = 24 h) was chosen as the stationary phase of the chromatographic packing and evaluated with four polar compounds (uracil, cytosine, guanosine, and cytidine). Compared with unmodified silica gel, modified silica gel produces sharper peaks and better separation efficiency. This novel packing material may have a potential for application with highly isomerized sugar mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqi Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xitao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xitong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Weiyan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Qinghui Shou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China.
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Qiao Y, Wan J, Zhou L, Ma W, Yang Y, Luo W, Yu Z, Wang H. Stimuli‐responsive nanotherapeutics for precision drug delivery and cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 11:e1527. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jianqin Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Liqian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Weixuan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
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8
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Jha PK. Density functional theory based probe of the affinity interaction of saccharide ligands with extra-cellular sialic acid residues. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1545-1554. [PMID: 29624120 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1461690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in glycosylation pattern leads to malignant transformations among the cells. In combination with upregulated actions of sialyltransferases, it ultimately leads to differential expression of sialic acid (SA) at cell surface. Given its negative charge and localization to extracellular domain, SA has been exploited for the development of targeted theranostics using approaches, such as, cationization and appending recognition saccharides on carrier surface. In this study, we have performed quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to study the interaction of saccharides with extracellular SA. Gradient-corrected DFT with the three parameter function (B3) was utilized for the calculation of Lee-Yang-Parr (LYP) correlation function. Atomic charge, vibrational frequencies and energy of the optimized structures were calculated through B3LYP. Our calculations demonstrate a stronger galactose-sialic acid interaction at tumour-relevant low pH and hyperthermic condition. These results support the application of pH responsive delivery vehicles and targeted hyperthermic chemotherapy for eradicating solid tumour deposits. These studies, conducted a priori, can guide the formulation scientists over appropriate choice of ligands and their applications in the design of 'smart' theranostic tools.
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Key Words
- AChE, Acetylcholine Esterase
- ASDase, aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- B3LYP, Becke 3-Parameter Lee, Yang and Parr
- BACE1, Beta-secretase 1
- BSSE, basis set superposition error
- CK2, casein kinase 2
- CMAS, cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase
- DFT, density functional theory
- EcPLA, Echis carinatus Phospholipase A
- FF, fukui function
- GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- Gal, galactose
- HLG, HOMO-LUMO gap
- HOMO, highest occupied molecular orbital
- LUMO, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
- MEP, molecular electrostatic potential
- Man, mannose
- NBO, natural bond orbital
- NC, nanocarriers.
- PBA, phenylboronic acid
- SA, sialic acid
- cancer
- density functional theory
- hypersialylation
- recognition saccharides
- targeted theranostics
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Patel
- a Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara - 390 002 , India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- b Maliba Pharmacy College , UKA Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus , Surat , 394350 , India
| | - Prafulla K Jha
- a Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara - 390 002 , India
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Lee J, Kim JC, Lee H, Song S, Kim H, Ree M. Self-Assembling Brush Polymers Bearing Multisaccharides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and Polymer Research Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and Polymer Research Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Research Centre for Green Fine Chemicals; Chemical Convergence Research Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and Polymer Research Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Song
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and Polymer Research Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Dongguk Medical Institute; Dongguk University College of Medicine; Gyeongju 38066 Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and Polymer Research Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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10
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Ganda S, Jiang Y, Thomas DS, Eliezar J, Stenzel MH. Biodegradable Glycopolymeric Micelles Obtained by RAFT-controlled Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ganda
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Donald S. Thomas
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jeaniffer Eliezar
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Gulbake A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain SK. Insight to drug delivery aspects for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:582-599. [PMID: 26811609 PMCID: PMC4716061 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide in human beings. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies are the conventional four approaches which are currently used for the treatment of CRC. The site specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to their site of action would increase effectiveness with reducing side effects. Targeted oral drug delivery systems based on polysaccharides are being investigated to target and deliver chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents directly to colon and rectum. Site-specific drug delivery to colon increases its concentration at the target site, and thus requires a lower dose and hence abridged side effects. Some novel therapies are also briefly discussed in article such as receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor, folate receptor, wheat germ agglutinin, VEGF receptor, hyaluronic acid receptor) based targeting therapy; colon targeted proapoptotic anticancer drug delivery system, gene therapy. Even though good treatment options are available for CRC, the ultimate therapeutic approach is to avert the incidence of CRC. It was also found that CRCs could be prevented by diet and nutrition such as calcium, vitamin D, curcumin, quercetin and fish oil supplements. Immunotherapy and vaccination are used nowadays which are showing better results against CRC.
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12
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Zhang Y, Chan JW, Moretti A, Uhrich KE. Designing polymers with sugar-based advantages for bioactive delivery applications. J Control Release 2015; 219:355-368. [PMID: 26423239 PMCID: PMC4656084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-based polymers have been extensively explored as a means to increase drug delivery systems' biocompatibility and biodegradation. Here,we review he use of sugar-based polymers for drug delivery applications, with a particular focus on the utility of the sugar component(s) to provide benefits for drug targeting and stimuli responsive systems. Specifically, numerous synthetic methods have been developed to reliably modify naturally-occurring polysaccharides, conjugate sugar moieties to synthetic polymer scaffolds to generate glycopolymers, and utilize sugars as a multifunctional building block to develop sugar-linked polymers. The design of sugar-based polymer systems has tremendous implications on both the physiological and biological properties imparted by the saccharide units and are unique from synthetic polymers. These features include the ability of glycopolymers to preferentially target various cell types and tissues through receptor interactions, exhibit bioadhesion for prolonged residence time, and be rapidly recognized and internalized by cancer cells. Also discussed are the distinct stimuli-sensitive properties of saccharide-modified polymers to mediate drug release under desired conditions. Saccharide-based systems with inherent pH- and temperature-sensitive properties, as well as enzyme-cleavable polysaccharides for targeted bioactive delivery, are covered. Overall, this work emphasizes inherent benefits of sugar-containing polymer systems for bioactive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jennifer W Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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13
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Yang Q, Parker CL, McCallen JD, Lai SK. Addressing challenges of heterogeneous tumor treatment through bispecific protein-mediated pretargeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 220:715-26. [PMID: 26407672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are frequently characterized by genomically and phenotypically distinct cancer cell subpopulations within the same tumor or between tumor lesions, a phenomenon termed tumor heterogeneity. These diverse cancer cell populations pose a major challenge to targeted delivery of diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents, as the conventional approach of conjugating individual ligands to nanoparticles is often unable to facilitate intracellular delivery to the full spectrum of cancer cells present in a given tumor lesion or patient. As a result, many cancers are only partially suppressed, leading to eventual tumor regrowth and/or the development of drug-resistant tumors. Pretargeting (multistep targeting) approaches involving the administration of 1) a cocktail of bispecific proteins that can collectively bind to the entirety of a mixed tumor population followed by 2) nanoparticles containing therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents that can bind to the bispecific proteins accumulated on the surface of target cells offer the potential to overcome many of the challenges associated with drug delivery to heterogeneous tumors. Despite its considerable success in improving the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy, the pretargeting strategy remains underexplored for a majority of nanoparticle therapeutic applications, especially for targeted delivery to heterogeneous tumors. In this review, we will present concepts in tumor heterogeneity, the shortcomings of conventional targeted systems, lessons learned from pretargeted radioimmunotherapy, and important considerations for harnessing the pretargeting strategy to improve nanoparticle delivery to heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Christina L Parker
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Justin D McCallen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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14
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Li H, Cui Y, Sui J, Bian S, Sun Y, Liang J, Fan Y, Zhang X. Efficient Delivery of DOX to Nuclei of Hepatic Carcinoma Cells in the Subcutaneous Tumor Model Using pH-Sensitive Pullulan-DOX Conjugates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15855-15865. [PMID: 26140410 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of pullulan-doxorubicin conjugates (Pu-DOXs) were investigated for effectively delivering DOX to nuclei of hepatic carcinoma cells in subcutaneous tumor model. These Pu-DOXs were prepared by conjugating DOX onto pullulan molecule via pH-responsive hydrazone bond using spacers with different alkane chain length. The highest drug loading content of Pu-DOXs went up to nearly 50%, and the diameter of Pu-DOX nanoparticles ranged from 50 to 170 nm, as measured by DLS and TEM. These Pu-DOX nanoparticles could rapidly release DOX in the acidic environment at pH = 5.0 while being kept relatively stable in neural conditions. The in vitro cell coculture experiments revealed that these Pu-DOX nanoparticles were selectively internalized by hepatic carcinoma cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis via asialoglycoprotein receptor on the hepatic carcinoma cell surface. DOX was rapidly released from Pu-DOX nanoparticles in acidic endosome/lysosome, diffused into cell nuclei due to its strong affinity to nucleic acid, inhibited the cell proliferation, and accelerated the cell apoptosis. In the nude mice subcutaneous hepatic carcinoma model, Pu-DOX nanoparticles efficiently accumulated in the tumor site through the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Then DOX was specifically internalized by hepatic carcinoma cells and rapidly diffused into the nuclei of cells. Compared with the control group in in vivo experiments, these Pu-DOX nanoparticles effectively inhibited solid tumor growth, prolonging the lifetime of the experimental animal. These pH sensitive nanoparticles might provide an important clinical implication for targeted hepatic carcinoma therapy with high efficiency and low systematic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Li
- ‡College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yani Cui
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Junhui Sui
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shaoquan Bian
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yong Sun
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Liang
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- †National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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Yuan C, Chen J, Yu S, Chang Y, Mao J, Xu Y, Luo W, Zeng B, Dai L. Protein-responsive assemblies from catechol-metal ion supramolecular coordination. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2243-2250. [PMID: 25648855 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly driven by catechol-metal ion coordination has gained great success in the fabrication of functional materials including adhesives, capsules, coatings and hydrogels. However, this route has encountered a great challenge in the construction of nanoarchitectures in the absence of removable templates, because of the uncontrollable crosslinking of catechol-metal ion coordination. Herein, we show that a supramolecular approach, combining both catechol-metal ion coordination and polymer self-assembly together, can organize polymers into hybrid nanoassemblies ranging from solid particles, homogeneous vesicles to Janus vesicles. Without the introduction of a specific binding ligand or complicated molecular design, these assemblies can totally disassemble in response to proteins. UV/vis absorption, fluorescence quenching and recovery investigations have confirmed that proteins can seize metal ions from the hybrid nanoassemblies, thus causing the degradation of catechol-metal ion coordination networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yuan
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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16
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Pocci M, Alfei S, Lucchesini F, Castellaro S, Bertini V. Synthesis, glycosylation and NMR characterization of linear peracetylated d-galactose glycopolymers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear styrene glycopolymers containing peracetylated d-galactose units were prepared. Their glycosylation to introduce residues mimicking a substrate for copper amine oxidases was studied with the help of model molecules and NMR investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pocci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università di Genova
- I-16147 Genova
- Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università di Genova
- I-16147 Genova
- Italy
| | | | - Sara Castellaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università di Genova
- I-16147 Genova
- Italy
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17
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Minko T. Soluble polymer conjugates for drug delivery. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 2:15-20. [PMID: 24981750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of water-soluble polymeric conjugates as drug carriers offers several possible advantages. These advantages include: (1) improved drug pharmacokinetics; (2) decreased toxicity to healthy organs; (3) possible facilitation of accumulation and preferential uptake by targeted cells; (4) programmed profile of drug release. In this review, we will consider the main types of useful polymeric conjugates and their role and effectiveness as carriers in drug delivery systems.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
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18
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Yeh TH, Wu FLL, Shen LJ. Intracellular delivery of cytochrome c by galactosylated albumin to hepatocarcinoma cells. J Drug Target 2014; 22:528-35. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.905947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Glycans are key participants in biological processes ranging from reproduction to cellular communication to infection. Revealing glycan roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which glycans manifest their function requires access to glycan derivatives that vary systematically. To this end, glycopolymers (polymers bearing pendant carbohydrates) have emerged as valuable glycan analogs. Because glycopolymers can readily be synthesized, their overall shape can be varied, and they can be altered systematically to dissect the structural features that underpin their activities. This review provides examples in which glycopolymers have been used to effect carbohydrate-mediated signal transduction. Our objective is to illustrate how these powerful tools can reveal the molecular mechanisms that underlie carbohydrate-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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20
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Synthesis of Glycopolymer Architectures by Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/polym5020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Kim JC, Rho Y, Kim G, Kim M, Kim H, Kim IJ, Kim JR, Ree M. New self-assembled brush glycopolymers: synthesis, structure and properties. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Zhong YJ, Shao LH, Li Y. Cathepsin B-cleavable doxorubicin prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2012; 42:373-83. [PMID: 23291656 PMCID: PMC3583876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective cytotoxic anticancer drugs used for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as well as a broad range of solid tumors. However, the clinical applications of this drug have long been limited due to its severe dose-dependent toxicities. Therefore, DOX derivatives and analogs have been developed to address this issue. A type of DOX prodrug, cleaved by cathepsin B (Cat B), which is highly upregulated in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions, has been developed to achieve a higher DOX concentration in tumor tissue and a lower concentration in normal tissue, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we focused on Cat B-cleavable DOX prodrugs and discussed the efficacy of these prodrugs, demonstrated by preclinical and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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23
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Nanoparticles for Targeted and Temporally Controlled Drug Delivery. NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2305-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Kopansky E, Shamay Y, David A. Peptide-directed HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates as targeted therapeutics for colorectal cancer. J Drug Target 2011; 19:933-43. [PMID: 22074249 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.632011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligopeptides have emerged as a promising class of targeting ligands, providing a variety of choices for the construction of conjugates for desired ligand functionality. To explore the potential of short peptides as ligands for targeted delivery of macromolecular therapeutics for colorectal cancer (CRC), fluorescently labelled HPMA copolymers--bearing either G3-C12 or GE11 for targeting galectin-3 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), respectively--were synthesised and the mechanisms of their internalisation and subcellular fate in CRC cells were studied. The targetability of the G3-C12 bearing copolymers towards galectin-3 was further compared to that of galactose-containing copolymers. The resulting G3-C12-bearing conjugate actively and selectively targets CRC tumour cells over-expressing galectin-3 and exhibits superior targetability to galectin-3 when compared to the galactose-bearing copolymer. GE11 copolymer conjugate binds specifically and efficiently to EGFR over-expressing cells, thus mediating internalisation to a significantly higher extent relative the copolymer conjugated to a scrambled sequence peptide. We further incorporated doxorubicin (DOX) into GE11 bearing copolymer via an acid-labile hydrazone bond. The GE11-DOX copolymer conjugate demonstrated higher cytotoxicity toward EGFR over-expressing cells relative to the control non-targeted DOX conjugate. Altogether, our results show a proof of principle for the selective delivery of DOX to the target CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kopansky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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25
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Zhang W, Jiang J, Qin C, Pérez LM, Parrish AR, Safe SH, Simanek EE. Triazine Dendrimers for Drug Delivery: Evaluation of Solubilization Properties, Activity in Cell Culture, and In Vivo Toxicity of a Candidate Vehicle. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270310001605197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- b Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chunhua Qin
- c Departments of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lisa M. Pérez
- a Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alan R. Parrish
- b Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stephen H. Safe
- c Departments of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- a Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 77845-3255, College Station, TX, USA
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26
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David A. Carbohydrate-based Biomedical Copolymers for Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drugs. Isr J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Khandare J, Haag R. Pharmaceutically used polymers: principles, structures, and applications of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:221-50. [PMID: 20217532 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This chapter presents a general overview of pharmaceutically used polymers with respect to their physicochemical characteristics and factors affecting drug delivery abilities. Pharmaceutical polymers, chemical structure, and properties are discussed for their applications in controlled drug release systems. An additional focus is on new polymers (dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers), considering their chemical versatility, uniqueness, and future implications. Problems associated with controlled drug release systems are also highlighted. Finally, applications of FDA-approved polymers used for oral drug delivery systems are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Khandare
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Ting SRS, Chen G, Stenzel MH. Synthesis of glycopolymers and their multivalent recognitions with lectins. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Shamay Y, Paulin D, Ashkenasy G, David A. Multivalent Display of Quinic Acid Based Ligands for Targeting E-Selectin Expressing Cells. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5906-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900308r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Shamay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Denise Paulin
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case Courrier 256, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Gonen Ashkenasy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet David
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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30
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Cerrada ML, Sánchez-Chaves M, Ruiz C, Fernández-García M. Recognition Abilities and Development of Heat-Induced Entangled Networks in Lactone-Derived Glycopolymers Obtained from Ethylene-vinyl Alcohol Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1828-37. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900255q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Sánchez-Chaves
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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31
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32
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Alexis F, Rhee JW, Richie JP, Radovic-Moreno AF, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. New frontiers in nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Urol Oncol 2008; 26:74-85. [PMID: 18190835 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a field of research at the crossroads of biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine. Design of multifunctional nanoparticles capable of targeting cancer cells, delivering and releasing drugs in a regulated manner, and detecting cancer cells with enormous specificity and sensitivity are just some examples of the potential application of nanotechnology to oncological diseases. In this review we discuss the recent advances of cancer nanotechnology with particular attention to nanoparticle systems that are in clinical practice or in various stages of development for cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alexis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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Ladmiral V, Mantovani G, Clarkson GJ, Cauet S, Irwin JL, Haddleton DM. Synthesis of Neoglycopolymers by a Combination of “Click Chemistry” and Living Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4823-30. [PMID: 16594719 DOI: 10.1021/ja058364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel well-defined alkyne side chain functional polymers featuring narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.09-1.17) by living radical polymerization is described. Grafting of protected and unprotected carbohydrates is achieved via either a C-6 or an anomeric azide (alpha or beta) onto these polymers by Cu(I)-catalyzed "click chemistry", providing a simple and efficient route to synthetic glycopolymers. The strategy provides an extremely powerful tool for the synthesis of libraries of materials that differ only in the nature of the sugar moiety presented on a well-defined polymer scaffold. A library of multivalent ligands were then prepared following a "coclicking" synthetic protocol, and the reactivity of these glycopolymers in the presence of concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin, model lectins able to selectively bind appropriate mannose and galactose derivatives, respectively, was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ladmiral
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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34
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Albertin L, Stenzel M, Barner-Kowollik C, Foster LJR, Davis TP. Well-Defined Glycopolymers from RAFT Polymerization: Poly(methyl 6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucoside) and Its Block Copolymer with 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049129+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Minko T. Drug targeting to the colon with lectins and neoglycoconjugates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:491-509. [PMID: 14969755 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of drugs to specific sites of action provides several advantages over non-targeted drugs. These include the prevention of side effects of drugs on healthy tissues and enhancement of drug uptake by targeted cells. This review will cover traditional approaches of colon drug targeting as well as the use of lectins and neoglycoconjugates for the targeted delivery. Direct and reverse targeting strategies, potential molecular targets and targeting moieties for colon drug delivery, targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) for colon delivery, anticancer DDS targeted to colon cancer are examined. Directions of future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
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36
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Albertin L, Kohlert C, Stenzel M, Foster LJR, Davis TP. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Narrow-Polydispersity Glycopolymers: Poly(6-O-vinyladipoyl-d-glucopyranose). Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:255-60. [PMID: 15002981 DOI: 10.1021/bm034199u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The glycomonomer 6-O-vinyladipoyl-D-glucopyranose was prepared via lipase catalyzed transesterification of divinyladipate with alpha-D-glucopyranose in dry acetonitrile and acetone. The desired 6-O regioisomer was obtained in good yield, and its structure was confirmed by correlation NMR spectroscopy. Controlled radical polymerization of the unprotected monomer was performed in protic media using both xanthate and dithiocarbamate as chain transfer agents to give poly(6-O-vinyladipoyl-D-glucopyranose) with Mn of 17 and 19 kDa (SEC) respectively and a polydispersity as low as 1.10. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a narrow-polydispersity, poly(vinyl ester)-like glycopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Albertin
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 Sydney, Australia
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37
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David A, Kopecková P, Minko T, Rubinstein A, Kopecek J. Design of a multivalent galactoside ligand for selective targeting of HPMA copolymer–doxorubicin conjugates to human colon cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:148-57. [PMID: 14687799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based copolymers have been shown to be efficient carriers for anticancer drugs because of their versatile chemistry and good biocompatibility. As demonstrated with hepatocytes, targeting efficacy of anticancer drugs could be further improved when the drug (doxorubicin) was conjugated to HPMA copolymers with biorecognisable groups, such as simple carbohydrates. The present study was devised to learn whether the cluster (multivalent) construction of carbohydrate residues could improve the targeting capability of HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates towards human colon adenocarcinoma cells. DOX was linked via a lysosomally degradable tetrapeptide sequence to HPMA copolymers bearing galactosamine (GalN), lactose (Lac), or multivalent galactose residues (TriGal) to produce targetable polymeric drug carriers. The effect of the type of sugar moiety and its three-dimensional cluster arrangement on biorecognition by three human colon-adenocarcinoma cell lines was studied. The role of galectin-3 in the biorecognition of HPMA copolymer conjugates was explored. Biorecognition of the targetable (glycoside-bearing) conjugates decreased their IC(50) doses in comparison to the non-targetable (non-glycosylated) conjugates. The biorecognition of the TriGal-containing HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugate by the cells was superior with concomitant decrease of its IC(50) doses. It is suggested that the increased cytotoxicity of the glycosylated HPMA-copolymer-DOX conjugates toward human colon-adenocarcinoma cells was caused by their biorecognition and effective internalisation via receptor-mediated endocytosis. All three human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines tested, Colo-205, SW-480 and SW-620, expressed the galectin-3 protein and the galectin-3-specific RNA. However, contrary to expectation, Colo-205 cells did not express a detectable amount of galectin-3 on the cell surface. This suggests that the binding of the glycoside-bearing HPMA copolymer-DOX conjugates to the cells was mediated not only by galectin-3. We conclude that targeting of the anticancer agent, doxorubicin, using HPMA copolymer conjugates bearing multivalent galactoside residues can improve their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A David
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, PO Box 12065, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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