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Ma X, Khan NU, Dai S, Qin N, Han Z, Guo B, Li J. Transcriptome analysis and identification of the low potassium stress-responsive gene SiSnRK2.6 in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:22. [PMID: 38227064 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcriptome is beneficial for dissecting the mechanism of millet in response to low potassium stress and SiSnRK2.6 was identified as a potential target for improving low potassium stress tolerance. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), which originated in China, has high nutrient utilization character. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of its tolerance to low potassium stress is largely unclear. In this research, the low potassium tolerant variety "Yugu28" was screened out by low potassium stress treatment, and the transcriptome of "Yugu28" under low potassium stress was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 4254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1618 up-regulated and 2636 down-regulated genes, respectively. In addition, there were 302 transcription factor (TF) genes in the DEGs and MYB TFs accounted for the highest proportion, which was 14.9%. After functional analysis of all DEGs, a total of 7 genes involved in potassium transport and potassium ion channels and 50 genes corresponding to hormones were screened. The expression levels of randomly selected 17 DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR and the results coincided well with the RNA-seq analysis, indicating the reliability of our transcriptome data. Moreover, one of the ABA signaling pathway genes, SiSnRK2.6, was identified and selected for further functional verification. Compared with the wild type, transgenic rice with ecotopic expression of SiSnRK2.6 showed remarkably increased root length and root number, indicating that overexpression of SiSnRK2.6 can enhance the resistance of transgenic plants to low potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah Khan
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shutao Dai
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Na Qin
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zanping Han
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Bing Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Shan N, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yuan X, Wan C, Chen C, Chen J, Gan Z. Ethylene-induced potassium transporter AcKUP2 gene is involved in kiwifruit postharvest ripening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:108. [PMID: 35264115 PMCID: PMC8905847 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium (K) is important in the regulation of plant growth and development. It is the most abundant mineral element in kiwifruit, and its content increases during fruit ripening. However, how K+ transporter works in kiwifruit postharvest maturation is not yet clear. RESULTS Here, 12 K+ transporter KT/HAK/KUP genes, AcKUP1 ~ AcKUP12, were isolated from kiwifruit, and their phylogeny, genomic structure, chromosomal location, protein properties, conserved motifs and cis-acting elements were analysed. Transcription analysis revealed that AcKUP2 expression increased rapidly and was maintained at a high level during postharvest maturation, consistent with the trend of K content; AcKUP2 expression was induced by ethylene, suggesting that AcKUP2 might play a role in ripening. Fluorescence microscopy showed that AcKUP2 is localised in the plasma membrane. Cis-elements, including DER or ethylene response element (ERE) responsive to ethylene, were found in the AcKUP2 promoter sequence, and ethylene significantly enhanced the AcKUP2 promoter activity. Furthermore, we verified that AcERF15, an ethylene response factor, directly binds to the AcKUP2 promoter to promote its expression. Thus, AcKUP2 may be an important potassium transporter gene which involved in ethylene-regulated kiwifruit postharvest ripening. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our study establishes the first genome-wide analysis of the kiwifruit KT/HAK/KUP gene family and provides valuable information for understanding the function of the KT/HAK/KUP genes in kiwifruit postharvest ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 330075, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Siddique MH, Babar NI, Zameer R, Muzammil S, Nahid N, Ijaz U, Masroor A, Nadeem M, Rashid MAR, Hashem A, Azeem F, Fathi Abd_Allah E. Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in Cajanus cajan and Their Role in Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2238. [PMID: 34834601 PMCID: PMC8619154 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the most important and abundant inorganic cation in plants and it can comprise up to 10% of a plant's dry weight. Plants possess complex systems of transporters and channels for the transport of K+ from soil to numerous parts of plants. Cajanus cajan is cultivated in different regions of the world as an economical source of carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, and fodder for animals. In the current study, 39 K+ transport genes were identified in C. cajan, including 25 K+ transporters (17 carrier-like K+ transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K+ efflux transporters (KEAs) and 14 K+ channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K+ channels (TPKs). Chromosomal mapping indicated that these genes were randomly distributed among 10 chromosomes. A comparative phylogenetic analysis including protein sequences from Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Medicago truncatula Cicer arietinum, and C. cajan suggested vital conservation of K+ transport genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the intron/exon organization of K+ transporter and channel genes is highly conserved in a family-specific manner. In the promoter region, many cis-regulatory elements were identified related to abiotic stress, suggesting their role in abiotic stress response. Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidase were altered in C. cajan leaves under applied stresses. Expression analysis (RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR) revealed that several K+ transport genes were expressed in abiotic stress-responsive manners. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of K+ transport system genes in C. cajan and serves as a basis for further characterization of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussnain Siddique
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Naeem Iqbal Babar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Roshan Zameer
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Usman Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Ashir Masroor
- Sub-Campus Burewala-Vehari, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Majid Nadeem
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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5
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Lhamo D, Wang C, Gao Q, Luan S. Recent Advances in Genome-wide Analyses of Plant Potassium Transporter Families. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:164-180. [PMID: 34975289 PMCID: PMC8640845 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210225083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants require potassium (K+) as a macronutrient to support numerous physiological processes. Understanding how this nutrient is transported, stored, and utilized within plants is crucial for breeding crops with high K+ use efficiency. As K+ is not metabolized, cross-membrane transport becomes a rate-limiting step for efficient distribution and utilization in plants. Several K+ transporter families, such as KUP/HAK/KT and KEA transporters and Shaker-like and TPK channels, play dominant roles in plant K+ transport processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive contemporary overview of our knowledge about these K+ transporter families in angiosperms, with a major focus on the genome-wide identification of K+ transporter families, subcellular localization, spatial expression, function and regulation. We also expanded the genome-wide search for the K+ transporter genes and examined their tissue-specific expression in Camelina sativa, a polyploid oil-seed crop with a potential to adapt to marginal lands for biofuel purposes and contribution to sustainable agriculture. In addition, we present new insights and emphasis on the study of K+ transporters in polyploids in an effort to generate crops with high K+ Utilization Efficiency (KUE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Zhou J, Zhou HJ, Chen P, Zhang LL, Zhu JT, Li PF, Yang J, Ke YZ, Zhou YH, Li JN, Du H. Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Analysis of the KT/HAK/KUP Family in Brassica napus and Its Potential Roles in the Response to K + Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249487. [PMID: 33322211 PMCID: PMC7763660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The KT/HAK/KUP (HAK) family is the largest potassium (K+) transporter family in plants, which plays key roles in K+ uptake and homeostasis, stress resistance, and root and embryo development. However, the HAK family has not yet been characterized in Brassica napus. In this study, 40 putative B. napus HAK genes (BnaHAKs) are identified and divided into four groups (Groups I–III and V) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure analysis revealed 10 conserved intron insertion sites across different groups. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that both allopolyploidization and small-scale duplication events contributed to the large expansion of BnaHAKs. Transcription factor (TF)-binding network construction, cis-element analysis, and microRNA prediction revealed that the expression of BnaHAKs is regulated by multiple factors. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data further revealed extensive expression profiles of the BnaHAKs in groups II, III, and V, with limited expression in group I. Compared with group I, most of the BnaHAKs in groups II, III, and V were more upregulated by hormone induction based on RNA-sequencing data. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase reaction analysis revealed that the expression of eight BnaHAKs of groups I and V was markedly upregulated under K+-deficiency treatment. Collectively, our results provide valuable information and key candidate genes for further functional studies of BnaHAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hong-Jun Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jia-Tian Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Zhuo Ke
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (J.-N.L.); or (H.D.); Tel.: +86-1822-348-0008 (H.D.)
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (P.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (J.-T.Z.); (P.-F.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.-Z.K.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (J.-N.L.); or (H.D.); Tel.: +86-1822-348-0008 (H.D.)
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7
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Shen C, Yuan J. Genome-Wide Investigation and Expression Analysis of K +-Transport-Related Gene Families in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Biochem Genet 2020; 59:256-282. [PMID: 32990910 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) transport and channel systems play vital roles in plant growth, development and responses to various stresses. In this study, 44 putative K+-transport-related genes (18K+ uptake permease (KUP)/high-affinity K+ (HAK)/K+ transporter (KT) family genes and 26 channel genes, including 18 Shaker family genes and 8K+ channel outward (KCO) family genes) were identified in the genome of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). To clarify the molecular evolution of each family in Chinese cabbage, phylogenetic analysis and assessments of the gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosomal locations, gene duplications, expression patterns and cis-acting elements of the 44 putative K+-transport-related genes were performed. The phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes could be classified into five clades [KUP/HAK/KTs, KCOs, Kout, Kin (KAT) and Kin (AKT)] and that the members of a given clade shared conserved exon-intron distributions and motif compositions. These K+-transport-related genes were unevenly distributed over all ten chromosomes, including four duplicated gene pairs that implied an expansion of K+-transport-related genes in Chinese cabbage. Analyses of Illumina RNA-seq data for these 44K+-transport-related genes indicated tissue-/organ-specific expression patterns. In addition, an overall evaluation showed that the expression levels of KUP/HAK/KT genes were significantly higher than those of potassium channel genes in six tissues. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed that these 44K+-transport-related genes may be associated with responses to 10 abiotic stresses, primarily light, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Our results provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of K+-transport-related gene families in Chinese cabbage and establish a foundation for further research on K+ absorption and transport functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Shen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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8
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Santa-María GE, Oliferuk S, Moriconi JI. KT-HAK-KUP transporters in major terrestrial photosynthetic organisms: A twenty years tale. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:77-90. [PMID: 29704646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, twenty years ago, KT-HAK-KUP transporters have become a keystone to understand how alkali cation fluxes are controlled in major land-dwelling photosynthetic organisms. In this review we focus on their discovery, phylogeny, and functions, as well as the regulation of its canonical member, AtHAK5. We also address issues related to structure-function studies, and the technological possibilities opened up by recent findings. Available evidence suggests that this family of transporters underwent an early divergence into major groups following the conquest of land by embryophytes. KT-HAK-KUPs are necessary to accomplish several major developmental and growth processes, as well as to ensure plant responses to environmental injuries. Although the primary function of these transporters is to mediate potassium (K+) fluxes, some of them can also mediate sodium (Na+) and cesium (Cs+) transport, and contribute to maintenance of K+ (and Na+) homeostasis in different plant tissues. In addition, there is evidence for a role of some members of this family in auxin movement and in adenylate cyclase activity. Recent research, focusing on the regulation of the canonical member of this family, AtHAK5, revealed the existence of a complex network that involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional phenomena which control the enhancement of AtHAK5-mediated K+ uptake when Arabidopsis thaliana plants are faced with low K+ supply. In spite of the formidable advances made since their discovery, important subjects remain to be elucidated to gain a more complete knowledge of the roles and regulation of KT-HAK-KUPs, as well as to improve their use for innovative procedures in crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo E Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avda Intendente Marino km 8, 2. Chascomús, 7130, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sonia Oliferuk
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avda Intendente Marino km 8, 2. Chascomús, 7130, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge I Moriconi
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avda Intendente Marino km 8, 2. Chascomús, 7130, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Islam F, Farooq MA, Gill RA, Wang J, Yang C, Ali B, Wang GX, Zhou W. 2,4-D attenuates salinity-induced toxicity by mediating anatomical changes, antioxidant capacity and cation transporters in the roots of rice cultivars. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10443. [PMID: 28874677 PMCID: PMC5585390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth regulator herbicides are widely used in paddy fields to control weeds, however their role in conferring environmental stress tolerance in the crop plants are still elusive. In this study, the effects of recommended dose of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on growth, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense, regulation of cation transporter genes and anatomical changes in the roots of rice cultivars XS 134 (salt resistant) and ZJ 88 (salt sensitive) were investigated under different levels of saline stress. Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na+ accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar. Conversely, combined treatments of 2,4-D and saline stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and oxidative stress in roots of rice cultivars by modulating lignin and callose deposition, redox states of AsA, GSH, and related enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense system. The expression analysis of nine cation transporter genes showed altered and differential gene expression in salt-stressed roots of sensitive and resistant cultivars. Together, these results suggest that 2,4-D differentially regulates the Na+ and K+ levels, ROS production, antioxidant defense, anatomical changes and cation transporters/genes in roots of rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat A Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guang-Xi Wang
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya City, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Nieves-Cordones M, Ródenas R, Chavanieu A, Rivero RM, Martinez V, Gaillard I, Rubio F. Uneven HAK/KUP/KT Protein Diversity Among Angiosperms: Species Distribution and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 26904084 PMCID: PMC4746482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
HAK/KUP/KT K(+) transporters have been widely associated with K(+) transport across membranes in bacteria, fungi, and plants. Indeed some members of the plant HAK/KUP/KT family contribute to root K(+) uptake, notably at low external concentrations. Besides such role in acquisition, several studies carried out in Arabidopsis have shown that other members are also involved in developmental processes. With the publication of new plant genomes, a growing interest on plant species other than Arabidopsis has become evident. In order to understand HAK/KUP/KT diversity in these new plant genomes, we discuss the evolutionary trends of 913 HAK/KUP/KT sequences identified in 46 genomes revealing five major groups with an uneven distribution among angiosperms, notably between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species. This information evidenced the richness of crop genomes in HAK/KUP/KT transporters and supports their study for unraveling novel physiological roles of such transporters in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Manuel Nieves-Cordones, ; Francisco Rubio,
| | - Reyes Ródenas
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Alain Chavanieu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Faculté de PharmacieMontpellier, France
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martinez
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Nieves-Cordones, ; Francisco Rubio,
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11
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Ruiz-Lau N, Bojórquez-Quintal E, Benito B, Echevarría-Machado I, Sánchez-Cach LA, Medina-Lara MDF, Martínez-Estévez M. Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of a Na +-Insensitive K + Transporter of Capsicum chinense Jacq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1980. [PMID: 28083010 PMCID: PMC5186809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity K+ (HAK) transporters are encoded by a large family of genes and are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. These HAK-type transporters participate in low- and high-affinity potassium (K+) uptake and are crucial for the maintenance of K+ homeostasis under hostile conditions. In this study, the full-length cDNA of CcHAK1 gene was isolated from roots of the habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense). CcHAK1 expression was positively regulated by K+ starvation in roots and was not inhibited in the presence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis placed the CcHAK1 transporter in group I of the HAK K+ transporters, showing that it is closely related to Capsicum annuum CaHAK1 and Solanum lycopersicum LeHAK5. Characterization of the protein in a yeast mutant deficient in high-affinity K+ uptake (WΔ3) suggested that CcHAK1 function is associated with high-affinity K+ uptake, with Km and Vmax for Rb of 50 μM and 0.52 nmol mg-1 min-1, respectively. K+ uptake in yeast expressing the CcHAK1 transporter was inhibited by millimolar concentrations of the cations ammonium ([Formula: see text]) and cesium (Cs+) but not by sodium (Na+). The results presented in this study suggest that the CcHAK1 transporter may contribute to the maintenance of K+ homeostasis in root cells in C. chinense plants undergoing K+-deficiency and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ruiz-Lau
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
- CONACYT, Instituto Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla GutiérrezTuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
- CONACYT, Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio, Colegio de MichoacánZamora, Mexico
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
| | - Lucila A. Sánchez-Cach
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
| | - María de Fátima Medina-Lara
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Manuel Martínez-Estévez
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12
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Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez V, Benito B, Rubio F. Comparison between Arabidopsis and Rice for Main Pathways of K(+) and Na(+) Uptake by Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:992. [PMID: 27458473 PMCID: PMC4932104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
K(+) is an essential macronutrient for plants. It is acquired by specific uptake systems located in roots. Although the concentrations of K(+) in the soil solution are widely variable, K(+) nutrition is secured by uptake systems that exhibit different affinities for K(+). Two main systems have been described for root K(+) uptake in several species: the high-affinity HAK5-like transporter and the inward-rectifier AKT1-like channel. Other unidentified systems may be also involved in root K(+) uptake, although they only seem to operate when K(+) is not limiting. The use of knock-out lines has allowed demonstrating their role in root K(+) uptake in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant adaptation to the different K(+) supplies relies on the finely tuned regulation of these systems. Low K(+)-induced transcriptional up-regulation of the genes encoding HAK5-like transporters occurs through a signal cascade that includes changes in the membrane potential of root cells and increases in ethylene and reactive oxygen species concentrations. Activation of AKT1 channels occurs through phosphorylation by the CIPK23/CBL1 complex. Recently, activation of the Arabidopsis HAK5 by the same complex has been reported, pointing to CIPK23/CBL as a central regulator of the plant's adaptation to low K(+). Na(+) is not an essential plant nutrient but it may be beneficial for some plants. At low concentrations, Na(+) improves growth, especially under K(+) deficiency. Thus, high-affinity Na(+) uptake systems have been described that belong to the HKT and HAK families of transporters. At high concentrations, typical of saline environments, Na(+) accumulates in plant tissues at high concentrations, producing alterations that include toxicity, water deficit and K(+) deficiency. Data concerning pathways for Na(+) uptake into roots under saline conditions are still scarce, although several possibilities have been proposed. The apoplast is a significant pathway for Na(+) uptake in rice grown under salinity conditions, but in other plant species different mechanisms involving non-selective cation channels or transporters are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Rubio,
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13
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Chen G, Hu Q, Luo L, Yang T, Zhang S, Hu Y, Yu L, Xu G. Rice potassium transporter OsHAK1 is essential for maintaining potassium-mediated growth and functions in salt tolerance over low and high potassium concentration ranges. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2747-65. [PMID: 26046301 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) absorption and translocation in plants rely upon multiple K transporters for adapting varied K supply and saline conditions. Here, we report the expression patterns and physiological roles of OsHAK1, a member belonging to the KT/KUP/HAK gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The expression of OsHAK1 is up-regulated by K deficiency or salt stress in various tissues, particularly in the root and shoot apical meristem, the epidermises and steles of root, and vascular bundles of shoot. Both oshak1 knockout mutants in comparison to their respective Dongjin or Manan wild types showed a dramatic reduction in K concentration and stunted root and shoot growth. Knockout of OsHAK1 reduced the K absorption rate of unit root surface area by ∼50-55 and ∼30%, and total K uptake by ∼80 and ∼65% at 0.05-0.1 and 1 mm K supply level, respectively. The root net high-affinity K uptake of oshak1 mutants was sensitive to salt stress but not to ammonium supply. Overexpression of OsHAK1 in rice increased K uptake and K/Na ratio. The positive relationship between K concentration and shoot biomass in the mutants suggests that OsHAK1 plays an essential role in K-mediated rice growth and salt tolerance over low and high K concentration ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingdi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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14
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Véry AA, Nieves-Cordones M, Daly M, Khan I, Fizames C, Sentenac H. Molecular biology of K+ transport across the plant cell membrane: what do we learn from comparison between plant species? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:748-69. [PMID: 24666983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cloning and characterizations of plant K(+) transport systems aside from Arabidopsis have been increasing over the past decade, favored by the availability of more and more plant genome sequences. Information now available enables the comparison of some of these systems between species. In this review, we focus on three families of plant K(+) transport systems that are active at the plasma membrane: the Shaker K(+) channel family, comprised of voltage-gated channels that dominate the plasma membrane conductance to K(+) in most environmental conditions, and two families of transporters, the HAK/KUP/KT K(+) transporter family, which includes some high-affinity transporters, and the HKT K(+) and/or Na(+) transporter family, in which K(+)-permeable members seem to be present in monocots only. The three families are briefly described, giving insights into the structure of their members and on functional properties and their roles in Arabidopsis or rice. The structure of the three families is then compared between plant species through phylogenic analyses. Within clusters of ortologues/paralogues, similarities and differences in terms of expression pattern, functional properties and, when known, regulatory interacting partners, are highlighted. The question of the physiological significance of highlighted differences is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Meriem Daly
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France; Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, BP 7955, Sidi Othmane, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imran Khan
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Cécile Fizames
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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15
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Hyun TK, Rim Y, Kim E, Kim JS. Genome-wide and molecular evolution analyses of the KT/HAK/KUP family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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He C, Cui K, Duan A, Zeng Y, Zhang J. Genome-wide and molecular evolution analysis of the Poplar KT/HAK/KUP potassium transporter gene family. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1996-2004. [PMID: 22957200 PMCID: PMC3434002 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest K(+) transport gene family, KT/HAK/KUP family plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. However, there is limited information about this family in woody plant species. In this study, with genome-wide in-depth investigation, 31 Poplar KT/HAK/KUP transporter genes including six pairs of tandem duplicated and eight pairs of segmental duplicated paralogs have been identified, suggesting segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of this family in Poplar. The combination of phylogenetic, exon structure and splice site, and paragon analysis revealed 11 pairs of Poplar KT/HAK/KUP duplicates. For these 11 pairs, all pairs are subject to purify selection, and asymmetric evolutionary rates have been found to occur in three pairs. This study might provide more insights into the underlying evolution mechanisms of trees acclimating to their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
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17
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Genome-wide analysis and identification of HAK potassium transporter gene family in maize (Zea mays L.). Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8465-73. [PMID: 22711305 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K(+) (HAK) transporter gene family constitutes the largest family that functions as potassium transporter in plant and is important for various cellular processes of plant life. In spite of their physiological importance, systematic analyses of ZmHAK genes have not yet been investigated. In this paper, we indicated the isolation and characterization of ZmHAK genes in whole-genome wide by using bioinformatics methods. A total of 27 members (ZmHAK1-ZmHAK27) of this family were identified in maize genome. ZmHAK genes were distributed in all the maize 10 chromosomes. These genes expanded in the maize genome partly due to tandem and segmental duplication events. Multiple alignment and motif display results revealed major maize ZmHAK proteins share all the three conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated ZmHAK family can be divided into six subfamilies. Putative cis-elements involved in Ca(2+) response, abiotic stress adaption, light and circadian rhythms regulation and seed development were observed in the promoters of ZmHAK genes. Expression data mining suggested maize ZmHAK genes have temporal and spatial expression pattern. In all, these results will provide molecular insights into the potassium transporter research in maize.
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18
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KT/HAK/KUP potassium transporters gene family and their whole-life cycle expression profile in rice (Oryza sativa). Mol Genet Genomics 2008; 280:437-52. [PMID: 18810495 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
KT/HAK/KUP potassium transporter protein-encoding genes constitute a large family in the plant kingdom. The KT/HAK/KUP family is important for various physiological processes of plant life. In this study, we identified 27 potential KT/HAK/KUP family genes in rice (Oryza sativa) by database searching. Analysis of these KT/HAK/KUP family members identified three conserved motifs with unknown functions, and 11-15 trans-membrane segments, most of which are conserved. A total of 144 putative cis-elements were found in the 2 kb upstream region of these genes, of which a Ca2+-responsive cis-element, two light-responsive cis-elements, and a circadian-regulated cis-element were identified in the majority of the members, suggesting regulation of these genes by these signals. A comprehensive expression analysis of these genes was performed using data from microarrays hybridized with RNA samples of 27 tissues covering the entire life cycle from three rice genotypes, Minghui 63, Zhenshan 97, and Shanyou 63. We identified preferential expression of two OsHAK genes in stamen at 1 day before flowering compared with all the other tissues. OsHAK genes were also found to be differentially upregulated or downregulated in rice seedlings subjected to treatments with three hormones. These results would be very useful for elucidating the roles of these genes in growth, development, and stress response of the rice plant.
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19
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Takahashi R, Nishio T, Ichizen N, Takano T. High-affinity K+ transporter PhaHAK5 is expressed only in salt-sensitive reed plants and shows Na+ permeability under NaCl stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1673-9. [PMID: 17479269 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism of ion homeostasis in salt tolerant and sensitive plants, we isolated cDNAs for K(+) transporter PhaHAK1-u and PhaHAK5-u from reed plants. PhaHAK1-u belongs to group I and PhaHAK5-u belongs to group IV by phylogenetic analysis, respectively. PhaHAK5-u is predicted to be a plasma membrane transporter, and shows high-affinity K(+) transporter. Expression of PhaHAK5 was found in salt-sensitive reed plants, but not in any parts of salt-tolerant reed plants maintained under both control and K(+) starvation conditions. Under the NaCl stress, the K(+) uptake ability of the yeast strain expressing PhaHAK5-u was remarkably lower than that of the yeast strain expressing PhaHAK1-u, and PhaHAK5-u showed Na(+) permeability. These results suggest that PhaHAK5 is one of the routes by which Na(+) enters cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Takahashi
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
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20
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Su Q, Feng S, An L, Zhang G. Cloning and functional expression in Saccharomyces cereviae of a K+ transporter, AlHAK, from the graminaceous halophyte, Aeluropus littoralis. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1959-63. [PMID: 17657411 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-affinity K(+) transporters play an important role in K(+) absorption of plants. We isolated a HAK gene from Aeluropus littoralis, a graminaceous halophyte. The amino acid sequence of AlHAK showed high homology with HAK transporters obtained from Oryza sativa (82%) and Hordeum vulgare (82%). When expressed in Saccharomyces cereviae WDelta3, AlHAK performed high-affinity K(+) uptake with a K(m) value of 8 muM, and the growth of transformants was dramatically inhibited by 150 mM Rb(+) and 150 mM Cs(+) but less affected by 300 mM Na(+). AlHAK may thus improve the capacity of plants to maintain a high cytosolic K(+)/Na(+) ratio at high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Su
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Environmental & Biological Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, 116024, PR China.
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Gierth M, Mäser P. Potassium transporters in plants--involvement in K+ acquisition, redistribution and homeostasis. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2348-56. [PMID: 17397836 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is a major plant nutrient which has to be accumulated in great quantity by roots and distributed throughout the plant and within plant cells. Membrane transport of potassium can be mediated by potassium channels and secondary potassium transporters. Plant potassium transporters are present in three families of membrane proteins: the K(+) uptake permeases (KT/HAK/KUP), the K(+) transporter (Trk/HKT) family and the cation proton antiporters (CPA). This review will discuss the contribution of members of each family to potassium acquisition, redistribution and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gierth
- Universität zu Köln, Institut für Botanik II, Gyrhofstrasse 15, 50931 Köln, Germany.
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22
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Garciadeblás B, Haro R, Benito B. Cloning of two SOS1 transporters from the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. SOS1 transporters from Cymodocea and Arabidopsis mediate potassium uptake in bacteria. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 63:479-90. [PMID: 17103013 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-9102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two cDNAs isolated from Cymodocea nodosa, CnSOS1A, and CnSOSIB encode proteins with high-sequence similarities to SOS1 plant transporters. CnSOS1A expressed in a yeast Na+-efflux mutant under the control of a constitutive expression promoter mimicked AtSOS1 from Arabidopsis; the wild type cDNA did not improve the growth of the recipient strain in the presence of Na+, but a cDNA mutant that expresses a truncated protein suppressed the defect of the yeast mutant. In similar experiments, CnSOS1B was not effective. Conditional expression, under the control of an arabinose responsive promoter, of the CnSOSIA and CnSOS1B cDNAs in an Escherichia coli mutant defective in Na+ efflux was toxic, and functional analyses were inconclusive. The same constructs transformed into an E. coli K+-uptake mutant revealed that CnSOS1A was also toxic, but that it slightly suppressed defective growth at low K+. Truncation in the C-terminal hydrophilic tail of CnSOS1A relieved the toxicity and proved that CnSOS1A was an excellent low-affinity K+ and Rb+ transporter. CnSOS1B mediated a transient, extremely rapid K+ or Rb+ influx. Similar tests with AtSOS1 revealed that it was not toxic and that the whole protein exhibited excellent K+ and Rb+ uptake characteristics in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Garciadeblás
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Takahashi R, Nishio T, Ichizen N, Takano T. Cloning and functional analysis of the K+ transporter, PhaHAK2, from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant reed plants. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:501-6. [PMID: 17279448 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We isolated PhaHAK2 cDNAs from salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive reed plants. PhaHAK2 belongs to group II by phylogenetic analysis, and was predicted to be a high-affinity plasma membrane K(+) transporter. Yeast transformed with the PhaHAK2-u from salt-sensitive reed plants (Phragmites australis) had a decreased ability to take up K(+) in the presence of NaCl and showed a higher Na(+) permeability than yeast transformed with PhaHAK2-n or PhaHAK2-e from two salt-tolerant reed plants. These results suggest a possibility that the continuous K(+) uptake by PhaHAK2 and maintenance of high K(+)/Na(+) ratio under salt stress condition is one of the causes of the salt-tolerance in reed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Takahashi
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Barrero-Gil J, Garciadeblás B, Benito B. Sodium, potassium-atpases in algae and oomycetes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2005; 37:269-78. [PMID: 16167182 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-005-6637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the presence of K(+)-transporting ATPases that belong to the phylogenetic group of animal Na(+),K(+)-ATPases in the Pythium aphanidermatum Stramenopile oomycete, the Porphyra yezoensis red alga, and the Udotea petiolata green alga, by molecular cloning and expression in heterologous systems. PCR amplification and search in EST databases allowed one gene to be identified in each species that could encode ATPases of this type. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of these ATPases revealed that they cluster with ATPases of animal origin, and that the algal ATPases are closer to animal ATPases than the oomycete ATPase is. The P. yezoensis and P. aphanidermatum ATPases were functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli alkali cation transport mutants. The aforementioned cloning and complementary searches in silicio for H(+)- and Na(+),K(+)-ATPases revealed a great diversity of strategies for plasma membrane energization in eukaryotic cells different from typical animal, plant, and fungal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barrero-Gil
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Cellier F, Conéjéro G, Ricaud L, Luu DT, Lepetit M, Gosti F, Casse F. Characterization of AtCHX17, a member of the cation/H+ exchangers, CHX family, from Arabidopsis thaliana suggests a role in K+ homeostasis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 39:834-46. [PMID: 15341627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis genome contains many sequences annotated as encoding H(+)-coupled cotransporters. Among those are the members of the cation:proton antiporter-2 (CPA2) family (or CHX family), predicted to encode Na(+),K(+)/H(+) antiporters. AtCHX17, a member of the CPA2 family, was selected for expression studies, and phenotypic analysis of knockout mutants was performed. AtCHX17 expression was only detected in roots. The gene was strongly induced by salt stress, potassium starvation, abscisic acid (ABA) and external acidic pH. Using the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene strategy and in situ RT-PCR experiments, we have found that AtCHX17 was expressed preferentially in epidermal and cortical cells of the mature root zones. Knockout mutants accumulated less K(+) in roots in response to salt stress and potassium starvation compared with the wild type. These data support the hypothesis that AtCHX17 is involved in K(+) acquisition and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Cellier
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 INRA/CNRS/ENSA-M/UM II, place Viala 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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26
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Véry AA, Sentenac H. Molecular mechanisms and regulation of K+ transport in higher plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2003; 54:575-603. [PMID: 14503004 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) plays a number of important roles in plant growth and development. Over the past few years, molecular approaches associated with electrophysiological analyses have greatly advanced our understanding of K+ transport in plants. A large number of genes encoding K+ transport systems have been identified, revealing a high level of complexity. Characterization of some transport systems is providing exciting information at the molecular level on functions such as root K+ uptake and secretion into the xylem sap, K+ transport in guard cells, or K+ influx into growing pollen tubes. In this review, we take stock of this recent molecular information. The main families of plant K+ transport systems (Shaker and KCO channels, KUP/HAK/KT and HKT transporters) are described, along with molecular data on how these systems are regulated. Finally, we discuss a few physiological questions on which molecular studies have shed new light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Aliénor Véry
- UMR 5004 CNRS/ENSA-M/INRA/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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