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Demircan N, Sonmez MC, Akyol TY, Ozgur R, Turkan I, Dietz KJ, Uzilday B. Alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytes as a safety valve for controlling ROS production during salinity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14397. [PMID: 38894507 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Electron fluxes depend on environmental parameters, e.g., ionic and osmotic conditions and endogenous factors, and this may cause severe imbalances. Plants have evolved alternative sinks to balance the reductive load on the electron transport chains in order to avoid overreduction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to cope with environmental stresses. These sinks act primarily as valves for electron drainage and secondarily as regulators of tolerance-related metabolism, utilizing the excess reductive energy. High salinity is an environmental stressor that stimulates the generation of ROS and oxidative stress, which affects growth and development by disrupting the redox homeostasis of plants. While glycophytic plants are sensitive to high salinity, halophytic plants tolerate, grow, and reproduce at high salinity. Various studies have examined the ETC systems of glycophytic plants, however, information about the state and regulation of ETCs in halophytes under non-saline and saline conditions is scarce. This review focuses on alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytic plants. In cases where information on halophytes is lacking, we examined the available knowledge on the relationship between alternative sinks and gradual salinity resilience of glycophytes. To this end, transcriptional responses of involved components of photosynthetic and respiratory ETCs were compared between the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula, and the time-courses of these transcripts were examined in A. thaliana. The observed regulatory patterns are discussed in the context of reactive molecular species formation in halophytes and glycophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Demircan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Nowicka B. Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16860-16911. [PMID: 35006558 PMCID: PMC8873139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Sofy MR, Aboseidah AA, Heneidak SA, Ahmed HR. ACC deaminase containing endophytic bacteria ameliorate salt stress in Pisum sativum through reduced oxidative damage and induction of antioxidative defense systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40971-40991. [PMID: 33772716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 6% of the world's total land area and 20% of the irrigated land are affected by salt stress. Egypt is one such country affected by salt-stress problems. This paper focuses on the role of isolated bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, in alleviating the harmful effects of salt stress. The results show that the irrigation of plants with different concentrations of saline water (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl) leads to significantly decreased growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chl a, chl b, and carotenoids), and membrane stability index (MSI) values. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione content, endogenous proline, the antioxidant defense system, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content, ACC synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), and Na+ content were significantly increased under NaCl-stress exposure. On the contrary, treatment with endophytic bacteria significantly increased the resistance of pea plants to salt stress by increasing the enzymatic antioxidant defenses (i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (i.e., glutathione), osmolyte substances such as proline, and antioxidant enzyme gene expression. As a result, endophytic bacteria's use was significantly higher compared to control values for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid GA3, MSI, and photosynthetic pigments. The use of endophytic bacteria significantly decreased Na+ accumulation while, at the same time, promoting K+ uptake. In conclusion, the induction of endophytic bacterium-induced salt tolerance in pea plants depends primarily on the effect of endophytic bacteria on osmoregulation, the antioxidant capacity, and ion uptake adjustment by limiting the uptake of Na+ and, alternatively, increasing the accumulation of K+ in plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud R Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Akram A Aboseidah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Samia A Heneidak
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Hoda R Ahmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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Ding H, Wang B, Han Y, Li S. The pivotal function of dehydroascorbate reductase in glutathione homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3405-3416. [PMID: 32107543 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that trigger rapid changes in the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ascorbate-glutathione pathway has been recognized to be a key player in H2O2 metabolism, in which reduced glutathione (GSH) regenerates ascorbate by reducing dehydroascorbate (DHA), either chemically or via DHA reductase (DHAR), an enzyme belonging to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily. Thus, DHAR has been considered to be important in maintaining the ascorbate pool and its redox state. Although some GSTs and peroxiredoxins may contribute to GSH oxidation, analysis of Arabidopsis dhar mutants has identified the key role of DHAR in coupling H2O2 to GSH oxidation. The reaction of DHAR has been proposed to proceed by a ping-pong mechanism, in which binding of DHA to the free reduced form of the enzyme is followed by binding of GSH. Information from crystal structures has shed light on the formation of sulfenic acid at the catalytic cysteine of DHAR that occurs with the reduction of DHA. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of DHAR and its importance in coupling the ascorbate and glutathione pools with H2O2 metabolism, together with its functions in plant defense, growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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ElSayed AI, El-hamahmy MAM, Rafudeen MS, Mohamed AH, Omar AA. The Impact of Drought Stress on Antioxidant Responses and Accumulation of Flavonolignans in Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E611. [PMID: 31888166 PMCID: PMC6963737 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonolignans in plants are influenced by different environmental conditions. Biosynthesis and accumulation of silymarin in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) were studied under drought stress with respect to the antioxidant defense system at the physiological and gene expression level. The results revealed a reduction in leaf chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and glutathione contents. In contrast, H2O2, proline, and antioxidative enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), were increased. These results confirmed that milk thistle undergoes oxidative stress under drought stress. Furthermore, transcription levels of APX, SOD, CAT, 1-Cys-Prx, and PrxQ were significantly increased in milk thistle under drought stress. Overall this suggests that protection against reactive oxygen species and peroxidation reactions in milk thistle are provided by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Flavonolignans from milk thistle seeds after different drought treatments were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and showed that severe drought stress enhanced the accumulation of silymarin and its components compared with seeds from the control (100% water capacity). Silybin is the major silymarin component and the most bioactive ingredient of the milk thistle extract. Silybin accumulation was the highest among all silymarin components in seeds obtained from drought-stressed plants. The expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) genes (CHS1, CHS2, and CHS3), which are associated with the silybin biosynthetic pathway, was also increased during drought stress. These results indicated that milk thistle exhibits tolerance to drought stress and that seed derived from severe drought-stressed plants had higher levels of silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. El-hamahmy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
| | - Azza H. Mohamed
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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Desoky ESM, ElSayed AI, Merwad ARMA, Rady MM. Stimulating antioxidant defenses, antioxidant gene expression, and salt tolerance in Pisum sativum seedling by pretreatment using licorice root extract (LRE) as an organic biostimulant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:292-302. [PMID: 31351320 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts have recently been used as exogenous adjuvants to strengthen the endogenous plant defense systems when they grow under different environmental stresses, including salinity. The study aimed at determining the effects of seed soaking using licorice root extract (LRE) on photosynthesis and antioxidant defense systems, including transcript levels of enzyme-encoding genes in pea seedling grown under 150 mM NaCl-salinity. Salt stress reduced seedling growth, photosynthesis attributes, and K+ content, and increased oxidative stress (O2•‒ and H2O2, and MDA), Na+, and Cl-, along with an increase in antioxidative defense activities compared to control. However, LRE pretreatment enhanced seedling growth, photosynthetic attributes (chlorophylls, carotenoids, Fv/Fm, Pn, Tr, and gs), ascorbate and glutathione and their redox states, proline, soluble sugars, α-TOC, and enzyme activities compared to stressed control. LRE pretreatment also upregulated transcript levels of CAT-, SOD-, APX-, GR-, DHAR-, and PrxQ-encoding genes in salt-stressed seedlings, decreasing oxidative stress and Na+ and Cl- contents and increasing K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdelaleim I ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
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Pikula K, Zakharenko A, Aruoja V, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis A. Oxidative stress and its biomarkers in microalgal ecotoxicology. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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ElSayed AI, Rafudeen MS, El-Hamahmy MAM, Odero DC, Hossain MS. Enhancing antioxidant systems by exogenous spermine and spermidine in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:745-759. [PMID: 32291049 DOI: 10.1071/fp17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to mitigate osmotic and ionic stress caused by high salinity. The effect of exogenous spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on defence responses of wheat seedlings under NaCl stress was investigated by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities and the transcript expression of corresponding genes. Exogenous Spm and Spd decreased the level of malondialdehyde, increased chlorophyll and proline contents, and modulated PSII activity in wheat seedlings under salt stress. Spermidine alleviated negative effects on CO2 assimilation induced by salt stress in addition to significantly increasing the activity and content of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). It appears Spd conferred salinity tolerance in wheat seedlings by enhancing photosynthetic capacity through regulation of gene expression and the activity of key CO2 assimilation enzymes. Exogenous Spm regulated activities of different antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and efficiently modulate their transcription levels in wheat seedlings under salt stress. It is likely that Spm plays a key role in alleviating oxidative damage of salt stress by adjusting antioxidant enzyme activities in plants. In addition, exogenous Spd increased transcript level of spermine synthase under salt stress. Salinity stress also caused an increase in transcript levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO). Exogenous Spd application resulted in a marked increase in free Spd and Spm contents under saline conditions. These results show that exogenous Spd and Spm effectively upregulated transcriptional levels of antioxidant enzyme genes and improved the defence response of plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaleim I ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Mohamed A M El-Hamahmy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dennis C Odero
- Everglades Research and Education Centre, University of Florida-IFAS, 3200 East Palm Beach Road, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA
| | - M Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr.25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Gurung AB, Das AK, Bhattacharjee A. Disruption of redox catalytic functions of peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using small interface binding molecules. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 67:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hossain MS, ElSayed AI, Moore M, Dietz KJ. Redox and Reactive Oxygen Species Network in Acclimation for Salinity Tolerance in Sugar Beet. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1283-1298. [PMID: 28338762 PMCID: PMC5441856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuned and coordinated regulation of transport, metabolism and redox homeostasis allows plants to acclimate to osmotic and ionic stress caused by high salinity. Sugar beet is a highly salt tolerant crop plant and is therefore an interesting model to study sodium chloride (NaCl) acclimation in crops. Sugar beet plants were subjected to a final level of 300 mM NaCl for up to 14 d in hydroponics. Plants acclimated to NaCl stress by maintaining its growth rate and adjusting its cellular redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS) network. In order to understand the unusual suppression of ROS accumulation under severe salinity, the regulation of elements of the redox and ROS network was investigated at the transcript level. First, the gene families of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxiredoxins (Prx), alternative oxidase (AOX), plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) and NADPH oxidase (RBOH) were identified in the sugar beet genome. Salinity induced the accumulation of Cu-Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD3, all AOX isoforms, 2-Cys-PrxB, PrxQ, and PrxIIF. In contrast, Fe-SOD1, 1-Cys-Prx, PrxIIB and PrxIIE levels decreased in response to salinity. Most importantly, RBOH transcripts of all isoforms decreased. This pattern offers a straightforward explanation for the low ROS levels under salinity. Promoters of stress responsive antioxidant genes were analyzed in silico for the enrichment of cis-elements, in order to gain insights into gene regulation. The results indicate that special cis-elements in the promoters of the antioxidant genes in sugar beet participate in adjusting the redox and ROS network and are fundamental to high salinity tolerance of sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Abdelaleim Ismail ElSayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marten Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Kim SW, Gupta R, Lee SH, Min CW, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Kim JB, Jo IH, Park SY, Kim JK, Kim YC, Bang KH, Kim ST. An Integrated Biochemical, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Approach for Supporting Medicinal Value of Panax ginseng Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:994. [PMID: 27458475 PMCID: PMC4930952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng roots are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Korean and Chinese traditional medicines for 1000s of years. However, the medicinal value of P. ginseng fruits remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used an integrated biochemical, proteomics, and metabolomics approach to look into the medicinal properties of ginseng fruits. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] assays showed higher antioxidant activities in ginseng fruits than leaves or roots. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiling of ginseng fruit proteins (cv. Cheongsun) showed more than 400 spots wherein a total of 81 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry using NCBInr, UniRef, and an in-house developed RNAseq (59,251 protein sequences)-based databases. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of the identified proteins were related to the hydrolase (18%), oxidoreductase (16%), and ATP binding (15%) activities. Further, a comparative proteome analysis of four cultivars of ginseng fruits (cvs. Yunpoong, Gumpoong, Chunpoong, and Cheongsun) led to the identification of 22 differentially modulated protein spots. Using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF MS), 66 metabolites including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and policosanols were identified and quantified. Some of these are well known medicinal compounds and were not previously identified in ginseng. Interestingly, the concentration of almost all metabolites was higher in the Chunpoong and Gumpoong cultivars. Parallel comparison of the four cultivars also revealed higher amounts of the medicinal metabolites in Chunpoong and Gumpoong cultivars. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ginseng fruits are a rich source of medicinal compounds with potential beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- So W. Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, MiryangSouth Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, MiryangSouth Korea
| | - Seo H. Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, MiryangSouth Korea
| | - Cheol W. Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, MiryangSouth Korea
| | - Ganesh K. Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, KathmanduNepal
- Global Research Arch for Developing Education Academy Private Limited, BirgunjNepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, KathmanduNepal
- Global Research Arch for Developing Education Academy Private Limited, BirgunjNepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies, University of Tsukuba, IbarakiJapan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, TokyoJapan
| | - Jong B. Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Choong-JuSouth Korea
| | - Ick H. Jo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, EumseongSouth Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-doSouth Korea
| | - Jae K. Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, IncheonSouth Korea
| | - Young-Chang Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, EumseongSouth Korea
| | - Kyong H. Bang
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, EumseongSouth Korea
| | - Sun T. Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, MiryangSouth Korea
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Cheng F, Yin LL, Zhou J, Xia XJ, Shi K, Yu JQ, Zhou YH, Foyer CH. Interactions between 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and ascorbate in autophagosome formation during the heat stress response in Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1919-33. [PMID: 26834179 PMCID: PMC4783371 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-CPs) function in the removal of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides but their precise roles in the induction of autophagy have not been characterized. Here we show that heat stress, which is known to induce oxidative stress, leads to the simultaneous accumulation of transcripts encoding 2-CPs and autophagy proteins, as well as autophagosomes, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Virus-induced gene silencing of the tomato peroxiredoxin genes 2-CP1, 2-CP2, and 2-CP1/2 resulted in an increased sensitivity of tomato plants to heat stress. Silencing 2-CP2 or 2-CP1/2 increased the levels of transcripts associated with ascorbate biosynthesis but had no effect on the glutathione pool in the absence of stress. However, the heat-induced accumulation of transcripts associated with the water-water cycle was compromised by the loss of 2-CP1/2 functions. The transcript levels of autophagy-related genes ATG5 and ATG7 were higher in plants with impaired 2-CP1/2 functions, and the formation of autophagosomes increased, together with an accumulation of oxidized and insoluble proteins. Silencing of ATG5 or ATG7 increased the levels of 2-CP transcripts and protein but decreased heat stress tolerance. These results demonstrate that 2-CPs fulfil a pivotal role in heat stress tolerance in tomato, via interactions with ascorbate-dependent pathways and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Christine Helen Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Lattanzio G, Albacete A, Rios JJ, Kehr J, Abadía A, Grusak MA, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Fe deficiency on the protein profile of Brassica napus phloem sap. Proteomics 2015; 15:3835-53. [PMID: 26316195 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of Fe deficiency on the protein profile of phloem sap exudates from Brassica napus using 2DE (IEF-SDS-PAGE). The experiment was repeated thrice and two technical replicates per treatment were done. Phloem sap purity was assessed by measuring sugar concentrations. Two hundred sixty-three spots were consistently detected and 15.6% (41) of them showed significant changes in relative abundance (22 decreasing and 19 increasing) as a result of Fe deficiency. Among them, 85% (35 spots), were unambiguously identified. Functional categories containing the largest number of protein species showing changes as a consequence of Fe deficiency were signaling and regulation (32%), and stress and redox homeostasis (17%). The Phloem sap showed a higher oxidative stress and significant changes in the hormonal profile as a result of Fe deficiency. Results indicate that Fe deficiency elicits major changes in signaling pathways involving Ca and hormones, which are generally associated with flowering and developmental processes, causes an alteration in ROS homeostasis processes, and induces decreases in the abundances of proteins involved in sieve element repair, suggesting that Fe-deficient plants may have an impaired capacity to heal sieve elements upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Lattanzio
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Rios
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Kehr
- Department of Molecular Plant Genetics, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Flor López-Millán
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain.,USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Awad J, Stotz HU, Fekete A, Krischke M, Engert C, Havaux M, Berger S, Mueller MJ. 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase create a water-water cycle that is essential to protect the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1592-603. [PMID: 25667319 PMCID: PMC4378167 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different peroxidases, including 2-cysteine (2-Cys) peroxiredoxins (PRXs) and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX), have been proposed to be involved in the water-water cycle (WWC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated signaling in plastids. We generated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) double-mutant line deficient in the two plastid 2-Cys PRXs (2-Cys PRX A and B, 2cpa 2cpb) and a triple mutant deficient in 2-Cys PRXs and tAPX (2cpa 2cpb tapx). In contrast to wild-type and tapx single-knockout plants, 2cpa 2cpb double-knockout plants showed an impairment of photosynthetic efficiency and became photobleached under high light (HL) growth conditions. In addition, double-mutant plants also generated elevated levels of superoxide anion radicals, H2O2, and carbonylated proteins but lacked anthocyanin accumulation under HL stress conditions. Under HL conditions, 2-Cys PRXs seem to be essential in maintaining the WWC, whereas tAPX is dispensable. By comparison, this HL-sensitive phenotype was more severe in 2cpa 2cpb tapx triple-mutant plants, indicating that tAPX partially compensates for the loss of functional 2-Cys PRXs by mutation or inactivation by overoxidation. In response to HL, H2O2- and photooxidative stress-responsive marker genes were found to be dramatically up-regulated in 2cpa 2cpb tapx but not 2cpa 2cpb mutant plants, suggesting that HL-induced plastid to nucleus retrograde photooxidative stress signaling takes place after loss or inactivation of the WWC enzymes 2-Cys PRX A, 2-Cys PRX B, and tAPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Awad
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Henrik U Stotz
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Cornelia Engert
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Susanne Berger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
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Shahid M, Pourrut B, Dumat C, Nadeem M, Aslam M, Pinelli E. Heavy-metal-induced reactive oxygen species: phytotoxicity and physicochemical changes in plants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 232:1-44. [PMID: 24984833 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06746-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the industrial revolution, anthropogenic activities have enhanced there distribution of many toxic heavy metals from the earth's crust to different environmental compartments. Environmental pollution by toxic heavy metals is increasing worldwide, and poses a rising threat to both the environment and to human health.Plants are exposed to heavy metals from various sources: mining and refining of ores, fertilizer and pesticide applications, battery chemicals, disposal of solid wastes(including sewage sludge), irrigation with wastewater, vehicular exhaust emissions and adjacent industrial activity.Heavy metals induce various morphological, physiological, and biochemical dysfunctions in plants, either directly or indirectly, and cause various damaging effects. The most frequently documented and earliest consequence of heavy metal toxicity in plants cells is the overproduction of ROS. Unlike redox-active metals such as iron and copper, heavy metals (e.g, Pb, Cd, Ni, AI, Mn and Zn) cannot generate ROS directly by participating in biological redox reactions such as Haber Weiss/Fenton reactions. However, these metals induce ROS generation via different indirect mechanisms, such as stimulating the activity of NADPH oxidases, displacing essential cations from specific binding sites of enzymes and inhibiting enzymatic activities from their affinity for -SH groups on the enzyme.Under normal conditions, ROS play several essential roles in regulating the expression of different genes. Reactive oxygen species control numerous processes like the cell cycle, plant growth, abiotic stress responses, systemic signalling, programmed cell death, pathogen defence and development. Enhanced generation of these species from heavy metal toxicity deteriorates the intrinsic antioxidant defense system of cells, and causes oxidative stress. Cells with oxidative stress display various chemical,biological and physiological toxic symptoms as a result of the interaction between ROS and biomolecules. Heavy-metal-induced ROS cause lipid peroxidation, membrane dismantling and damage to DNA, protein and carbohydrates. Plants have very well-organized defense systems, consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation processes. The primary defense mechanism for heavy metal detoxification is the reduced absorption of these metals into plants or their sequestration in root cells.Secondary heavy metal tolerance mechanisms include activation of antioxidant enzymes and the binding of heavy metals by phytochelatins, glutathione and amino acids. These defense systems work in combination to manage the cascades of oxidative stress and to defend plant cells from the toxic effects of ROS.In this review, we summarized the biochemiCal processes involved in the over production of ROS as an aftermath to heavy metal exposure. We also described the ROS scavenging process that is associated with the antioxidant defense machinery.Despite considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of ROS overproduction and scavenging, we still lack in-depth studies on the parameters associated with heavy metal exclusion and tolerance capacity of plants. For example, data about the role of glutathione-glutaredoxin-thioredoxin system in ROS detoxification in plant cells are scarce. Moreover, how ROS mediate glutathionylation (redox signalling)is still not completely understood. Similarly, induction of glutathione and phytochelatins under oxidative stress is very well reported, but it is still unexplained that some studied compounds are not involved in the detoxification mechanisms. Moreover,although the role of metal transporters and gene expression is well established for a few metals and plants, much more research is needed. Eventually, when results for more metals and plants are available, the mechanism of the biochemical and genetic basis of heavy metal detoxification in plants will be better understood. Moreover, by using recently developed genetic and biotechnological tools it may be possible to produce plants that have traits desirable for imparting heavy metal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Lovazzano C, Serrano C, Correa JA, Contreras-Porcia L. Comparative analysis of peroxiredoxin activation in the brown macroalgae Scytosiphon gracilis and Lessonia nigrescens (Phaeophyceae) under copper stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 149:378-88. [PMID: 23489129 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Among thiol-dependent peroxidases (TDPs) peroxiredoxins (PRXs) standout, since they are enzymes capable of reducing hydrogen peroxide, alkylhydroperoxides and peroxynitrite, and have been detected in a proteomic study of the copper-tolerant species Scytosiphon gracilis. In order to determine the importance of these enzymes in copper-stress tolerance, TDP activity and type II peroxiredoxin (II PRX) protein expression were compared between the opportunistic S. gracilis and the brown kelp Lessonia nigrescens, a species absent from copper-impacted sites due to insufficient copper-tolerance mechanisms. Individuals of both species were cultured with increasing copper concentrations (0-300 µg l(-1) Cu) for 96 h and TDP activity and lipoperoxides (LPXs) were determined together with II PRX expression by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. The results showed that TDP activity was higher in S. gracilis than L. nigrescens in all copper concentrations, independent of the reducing agent used (dithiothreitol, thioredoxin or glutaredoxin). This activity was copper inhibited in L. nigrescens at lower copper concentrations (20 µg l(-1) Cu) compared to S. gracilis (100 µg l(-1) Cu). The loss of activity coincided in both species with an increase in LPX, which suggests that TDP may control LPX production. Moreover, II PRX protein levels increased under copper stress only in S. gracilis. These results suggest that in S. gracilis TDP, particularly type II peroxiredoxin (II PRX), acts as an active antioxidant barrier attenuating the LPX levels generated by copper, which is not the case in L. nigrescens. Thus, from an ecological point of view these results help explaining the inability of L. nigrescens to flourish in copper-enriched environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lovazzano
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cui H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qin S. Genome-wide analysis of putative peroxiredoxin in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:220. [PMID: 23157370 PMCID: PMC3514251 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotes with wide variations in genome sizes and ecological habitats. Peroxiredoxin (PRX) is an important protein that plays essential roles in protecting own cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). PRXs have been identified from mammals, fungi and higher plants. However, knowledge on cyanobacterial PRXs still remains obscure. With the availability of 37 sequenced cyanobacterial genomes, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of PRXs and explored their diversity, distribution, domain structure and evolution. RESULTS Overall 244 putative prx genes were identified, which were abundant in filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Acaryochloris marina MBIC 11017, and unicellular cyanobacteria inhabiting freshwater and hot-springs, while poor in all Prochlorococcus and marine Synechococcus strains. Among these putative genes, 25 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding hypothetical proteins were identified as prx gene family members and the others were already annotated as prx genes. All 244 putative PRXs were classified into five major subfamilies (1-Cys, 2-Cys, BCP, PRX5_like, and PRX-like) according to their domain structures. The catalytic motifs of the cyanobacterial PRXs were similar to those of eukaryotic PRXs and highly conserved in all but the PRX-like subfamily. Classical motif (CXXC) of thioredoxin was detected in protein sequences from the PRX-like subfamily. Phylogenetic tree constructed of catalytic domains coincided well with the domain structures of PRXs and the phylogenies based on 16s rRNA. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of genes encoding PRXs in different unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria especially those sub-families like PRX-like or 1-Cys PRX correlate with the genome size, eco-physiology, and physiological properties of the organisms. Cyanobacterial and eukaryotic PRXs share similar conserved motifs, indicating that cyanobacteria adopt similar catalytic mechanisms as eukaryotes. All cyanobacterial PRX proteins share highly similar structures, implying that these genes may originate from a common ancestor. In this study, a general framework of the sequence-structure-function connections of the PRXs was revealed, which may facilitate functional investigations of PRXs in various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Cui
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road, Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road, Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinchu Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road, Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road, Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Duan M, Ma NN, Li D, Deng YS, Kong FY, Lv W, Meng QW. Antisense-mediated suppression of tomato thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase influences anti-oxidant network during chilling stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 58:37-45. [PMID: 22771434 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a well-established source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants particularly under chilling stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APXs) plays an important role in the anti-oxidant system by utilizing AsA as specific electron donor to reduce H(2)O(2) to water. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms of ascorbate peroxidsae (APX) in photoprotection under chilling stress, a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase gene (LetAPX) was isolated and antisense transgenic tomato plants were produced. Under chilling stress, transgenic plants accumulated more H(2)O(2), and showed higher levels of ion leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA), lower net photosynthetic rate (Pn), lower maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and less content of D1 protein compared with wild type (WT) plants. On the other hand, after chilling stress, transgenic plants showed higher reduced ascorbate (AsA) and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than those in WT plants, and the expression of several known stress-responsive and antioxidative genes was also higher at the end of chilling treatment. These results suggested that the suppression of LetAPX gene induced compensatory anti-oxidant mechanisms in tomato, and inactivation of tAPX may have a regulatory role in facilitating redox signaling pathways under chilling stress. Furthermore, transient increases in ROS levels also have a vital role in stress signaling and thereby in the survival of plants under chilling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Duan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
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Bhatt I, Tripathi B. Plant peroxiredoxins: Catalytic mechanisms, functional significance and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:850-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kim MD, Kim YH, Kwon SY, Jang BY, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Cho JH, Kwak SS, Lee HS. Overexpression of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin enhances tolerance to methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress and high temperature in potato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:891-7. [PMID: 21620719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors for injury to plants exposed to environmental stresses. Plants have developed diverse defense mechanisms for scavenging oxidative stress-inducing molecules. The antioxidative enzyme 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) removes peroxides and protects the photosynthetic membrane from oxidative damage. In this study, transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic) expressing At2-Cys Prx under control of the oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter or enhanced CaMV 35S promoter (referred to as SP and EP plants, respectively) was generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were tested for tolerance to stress. Following treatment with 3 μM methyl viologen (MV), leaf discs from SP and EP plants showed approximately 33 and 15% less damage than non-transformed (NT) plants. When 300 μM MV was sprayed onto whole plants, the photosynthetic activity of SP plants decreased by 25%, whereas that of NT plants decreased by 60%. In addition, SP plants showed enhanced tolerance to high temperature at 42 °C. After treatment at high temperature, the photosynthetic activity of SP plants decreased by about 7% compared to plants grown at 25 °C, whereas it declined by 31% in NT plants. These results indicate that transgenic potato can efficiently regulate oxidative stress from various environmental stresses via overexpression of At2-Cys Prx under control of the stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Duck Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Lee YI, Kang WD, Kim MY, Cho MK, Chun SY. Expression of peroxiredoxin I regulated by gonadotropins in the rat ovary. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2011; 38:18-23. [PMID: 22384413 PMCID: PMC3283047 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2011.38.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an important role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in several types of mammalian cells. This report examined the expression of Prx isotype I in the rat ovary after hormone treatment. Methods Immature rats were injected with 10 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to induce the growth of multiple preovulatory follicles and 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation. Immature rats were also treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), an estrogen analogue, to induce the growth of multiple immature follicles. Northern blot analysis was performed to detect gene expression. Cell-type specific localization of Prx I mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization analysis. Results During follicle development, ovarian Prx I gene expression was detected in 3-day-old rats and had increased in 21-day-old rats. The levels of Prx I mRNA slightly declined one to two days following treatment with DES. A gradual increase in Prx I gene expression was observed in ovaries obtained from PMSG-treated immature rats. Furthermore, hCG treatment of PMSG-primed rats resulted in a gradual stimulation of Prx I mRNA levels by 24 hours (2.1-fold increase) following treatment, which remained high until 72 hours following treatment. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the expression of the Prx I gene in the granulosa cells of PMSG-primed ovaries and in the corpora lutea of ovaries stimulated with hCG for 72 hours. Conclusion These results demonstrate the gonadotropin and granulosa cell-specific stimulation of Prx I gene expression, suggesting its role as a local regulator of follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Il Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Pulido P, Spínola MC, Kirchsteiger K, Guinea M, Pascual MB, Sahrawy M, Sandalio LM, Dietz KJ, González M, Cejudo FJ. Functional analysis of the pathways for 2-Cys peroxiredoxin reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:4043-54. [PMID: 20616155 PMCID: PMC2935875 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a process that inevitably produces reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, which is reduced by chloroplast-localized detoxification mechanisms one of which involves 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs). Arabidopsis chloroplasts contain two very similar 2-Cys Prxs (denoted A and B). These enzymes are reduced by two pathways: NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which uses NADPH as source of reducing power; and plastidial thioredoxins (Trxs) coupled to photosynthetically reduced ferredoxin of which Trx chi is the most efficient reductant in vitro. With the aim of establishing the functional relationship between NTRC, Trx x, and 2-Cys Prxs in vivo, an Arabidopsis Trx chi knock-out mutant has been identified and a double mutant (denoted Delta 2cp) with <5% of 2-Cys Prx content has been generated. The phenotypes of the three mutants, ntrc, trxx, and Delta 2cp, were compared under standard growth conditions and in response to continuous light or prolonged darkness and oxidative stress. Though all mutants showed altered redox homeostasis, no difference was observed in response to oxidative stress treatment. Moreover, the redox status of the 2-Cys Prx was imbalanced in the ntrc mutant but not in the trxx mutant. These results show that NTRC is the most relevant pathway for chloroplast 2-Cys Prx reduction in vivo, but the antioxidant function of this system is not essential. The deficiency of NTRC caused a more severe phenotype than the deficiency of Trx chi or 2-Cys Prxs as determined by growth, pigment content, CO(2) fixation, and F(v)/F(m), indicating additional functions of NTRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pulido
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Cristina Spínola
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kerstin Kirchsteiger
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Guinea
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Belén Pascual
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Alvareda, 18008-Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa María Sandalio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Alvareda, 18008-Granada, Spain
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University, D-33501, Germany
| | - Maricruz González
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Lin KH, Huang HC, Lin CY. Cloning, expression and physiological analysis of broccoli catalase gene and Chinese cabbage ascorbate peroxidase gene under heat stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2010; 29:575-93. [PMID: 20352229 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to clone the catalase (CAT) gene from broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene from Chinese cabbage and measure the regulation of CAT and APX gene expressions under heat-stress conditions. Different genotypes responded differently to heat stress according to their various antioxidant enzymes and physiological parameters. CAT and APX gene expression profiles were well matched with the data for CAT and APX enzyme activities in the broccoli and Chinese cabbage plants, respectively. Full-length of the CAT and APX cDNA were 1,768 and 1,070 bp, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of CAT and APX indicated that plant CATs and APXs diverged into two major clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, 55 Hwa-Kong Road, Taipei, 111, Taiwan, ROC.
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Blokhina O, Fagerstedt KV. Oxidative metabolism, ROS and NO under oxygen deprivation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:359-73. [PMID: 20303775 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation, in line with other stress conditions, is accompanied by reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) formation and is characterised by a set of metabolic changes collectively named as the 'oxidative stress response'. The controversial induction of oxidative metabolism under the lack of oxygen is necessitated by ROS and RNS signaling in the induction of adaptive responses, and inevitably results in oxidative damage. To prevent detrimental effects of oxidative stress, the levels of ROS and NO are tightly controlled on transcriptional, translational and metabolic levels. Hypoxia triggers the induction of genes responsible for ROS and NO handling and utilization (respiratory burst oxidase, non-symbiotic hemoglobins, several cytochromes P450, mitochondrial dehydrogenases, and antioxidant-related transcripts). The level of oxygen in the tissue is also under metabolic control via multiple mechanisms: Regulation of glycolytic and fermentation pathways to manage pyruvate availability for respiration, and adjustment of mitochondrial electron flow through NO and ROS balance. Both adaptive strategies are controlled by energy status and aim to decrease the respiratory capacity and to postpone complete anoxia. Besides local oxygen concentration, ROS and RNS formation is controlled by an array of antioxidants. Hypoxic treatment leads to the upregulation of multiple transcripts associated with ascorbate, glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism. The production of ROS and NO is an integral part of the response to oxygen deprivation which encompasses several levels of metabolic regulation to sustain redox signaling and to prevent oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blokhina
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland.
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25
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Chibani K, Couturier J, Selles B, Jacquot JP, Rouhier N. The chloroplastic thiol reducing systems: dual functions in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and regeneration of antioxidant enzymes, emphasis on the poplar redoxin equipment. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 104:75-99. [PMID: 19902380 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification consisting in the formation/reduction of disulfide bonds has been the subject of intense research in plants since the discovery in the 1970s that many chloroplastic enzymes are regulated by light through dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases called thioredoxins (Trxs). Further biochemical and proteomic studies have considerably increased the number of target enzymes and processes regulated by these mechanisms in many sub-cellular compartments. Recently, glutathionylation, a modification consisting in the reversible formation of a glutathione adduct on cysteine residues, was proposed as an alternative redox regulation mechanism. Glutaredoxins (Grxs), proteins related to Trxs, are efficient catalysts for deglutathionylation, the opposite reaction. Hence, the Trxs- and Grxs-dependent pathways might constitute complementary and not only redundant regulatory processes. This article focuses on these two multigenic families and associated protein partners in poplar and on their involvement in the regulation of some major chloroplastic processes such as stress response, carbohydrate and heme/chlorophyll metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chibani
- Unité Mixte de Recherches 1136 INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbre-Microorganismes IFR 110 EFABA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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26
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Tarrago L, Laugier E, Zaffagnini M, Marchand CH, Le Maréchal P, Lemaire SD, Rey P. Plant thioredoxin CDSP32 regenerates 1-cys methionine sulfoxide reductase B activity through the direct reduction of sulfenic acid. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14964-14972. [PMID: 20236937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing the reduction of disulfide bonds, thanks to a CXXC active site. Among their substrates, 2-Cys methionine sulfoxide reductases B (2-Cys MSRBs) reduce the R diastereoisomer of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) and possess two redox-active Cys as follows: a catalytic Cys reducing MetSO and a resolving one, involved in disulfide bridge formation. The other MSRB type, 1-Cys MSRBs, possesses only the catalytic Cys, and their regeneration mechanisms by Trxs remain unclear. The plant plastidial Trx CDSP32 is able to provide 1-Cys MSRB with electrons. CDSP32 includes two Trx modules with one potential active site (219)CGPC(222) and three extra Cys. Here, we investigated the redox properties of recombinant Arabidopsis CDSP32 and delineated the biochemical mechanisms of MSRB regeneration by CDSP32. Free thiol titration and 4-acetamido-4'-maleimidyldistilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid alkylation assays indicated that the Trx possesses only two redox-active Cys, very likely the Cys(219) and Cys(222). Protein electrophoresis analyses coupled to mass spectrometry revealed that CDSP32 forms a heterodimeric complex with MSRB1 via reduction of the sulfenic acid formed on MSRB1 catalytic Cys after MetSO reduction. MSR activity assays using variable CDSP32 amounts revealed that MSRB1 reduction proceeds with a 1:1 stoichiometry, and redox titrations indicated that CDSP32 and MSRB1 possess midpoints potentials of -337 and -328 mV at pH 7.9, respectively, indicating that regeneration of MSRB1 activity by the Trx through sulfenic acid reduction is thermodynamically feasible in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternative, (Cadarache), Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex
| | - Edith Laugier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternative, (Cadarache), Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8619, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Le Maréchal
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8619, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - Pascal Rey
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternative, (Cadarache), Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex.
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Nanda AK, Andrio E, Marino D, Pauly N, Dunand C. Reactive oxygen species during plant-microorganism early interactions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:195-204. [PMID: 20377681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are continuously produced as a result of aerobic metabolism or in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS are not only toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, but are also signalling molecules involved in several developmental processes in all organisms. Previous studies have clearly shown that an oxidative burst often takes place at the site of attempted invasion during the early stages of most plant-pathogen interactions. Moreover, a second ROS production can be observed during certain types of plant-pathogen interactions, which triggers hypersensitive cell death (HR). This second ROS wave seems absent during symbiotic interactions. This difference between these two responses is thought to play an important signalling role leading to the establishment of plant defense. In order to cope with the deleterious effects of ROS, plants are fitted with a large panel of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, increasing numbers of publications report the characterisation of ROS producing and scavenging systems from plants and from microorganisms during interactions. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the ROS signals and their role during plant-microorganism interactions.
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Chapter 24 Antioxidants and Photo-oxidative Stress Responses in Plants and Algae. THE CHLOROPLAST 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kangasjärvi S, Nurmi M, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Cell-specific mechanisms and systemic signalling as emerging themes in light acclimation of C3 plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:1230-1240. [PMID: 19344335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts perform essential signalling functions in light acclimation and various stress responses in plants. Research on chloroplast signalling has provided fundamental information concerning the diversity of cellular responses to changing environmental conditions. Evidence has also accumulated indicating that different cell types possess specialized roles in regulation of leaf development and stress acclimation when challenged by environmental cues. Leaf veins are flanked by a layer of elongated chloroplast-containing bundle sheath cells, which due to their central position hold the potential to control the flux of information inside the leaves. Indeed, a specific role for bundle sheath cells in plant acclimation to various light regimes is currently emerging. Moreover, perception of light stress initiates systemic signals that spread through the vasculature to confer stress resistance in non-exposed parts of the plant. Such long-distance signalling functions are related to unique characteristics of reactive oxygen species and their detoxification in bundle sheath cells. Novel techniques for analysis of distinct tissue types, together with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with vasculature-specific phenotypes, have proven instrumental in dissection of structural hierarchy among regulatory processes in leaves. This review emphasizes the current knowledge concerning the role of vascular bundle sheath cells in light-dependent acclimation processes of C3 plants.
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Ikegami A, Akagi T, Potter D, Yamada M, Sato A, Yonemori K, Kitajima A, Inoue K. Molecular identification of 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and anthocyanidin/flavonol 3-O-galactosyltransferase from proanthocyanidin-rich young fruits of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). PLANTA 2009; 230:841-55. [PMID: 19641937 PMCID: PMC2729980 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fruits of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) accumulate large amounts of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the early stages of development. Astringent (A)-type fruits remain rich in soluble PAs even after they reach full-mature stage, whereas non-astringent (NA)-type fruits lose these compounds before full maturation. As a first step to elucidate the mechanism of PA accumulation in this non-model species, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to identify transcripts accumulating differently in young fruits of A- and NA-type. Interestingly, only a few clones involved in PA biosynthesis were identified in A-NA libraries. Represented by multiple clones were those encoding a novel 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and a new member of family 1 glycosyltransferases. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed correlation of the amount of PAs and accumulation of transcripts encoding these proteins in young persimmon fruits. Furthermore, the new family 1 glycosyltransferase was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to efficiently catalyze galactosylation at 3-hydroxyl groups of several anthocyanidins and flavonols. These findings suggest a complex mechanism of PA accumulation in persimmon fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ikegami
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Bioproduction Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836 Japan
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Masahiko Yamada
- Department of Citrus Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Kuchinotsu, Nagasaki 859-2501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Akitsu, Hiroshima 739-2494 Japan
| | - Keizo Yonemori
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akira Kitajima
- Experimental Farm, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-0096 Japan
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Chao HF, Yen YF, Ku MSB. Characterization of a salt-induced DhAHP, a gene coding for alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, from the extremely halophilic yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:182. [PMID: 19715588 PMCID: PMC2753362 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debaryomyces hansenii is one of the most salt tolerant species of yeast and has become a model organism for the study of tolerance mechanisms against salinity. The goal of this study was to identify key upregulated genes that are involved in its adaptation to high salinity. RESULTS By using forward subtractive hybridization we have cloned and sequenced DhAHP from D. hansenii that is significantly upregulated during salinity stress. DhAHP is orthologous to the alkly hydroperoxide reductase of the peroxiredoxin gene family, which catalyzes the reduction of peroxides at the expense of thiol compounds. The full-lengthed cDNA of DhAHP has 674 bp of nucleotide and contains a 516 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a deduced protein of 172 amino acid residues (18.3 kDa). D. hansenii Ahp is a cytosolic protein that belongs to the Ahp of the 1-Cys type peroxiredoxins. Phylogentically, the DhAhp and Candida albicans Ahp11 (Swiss-Prot: Q5AF44) share a common ancestry but show divergent evolution. Silence of its expression in D. hansenii by RNAi resulted in decreased tolerance to salt whereas overexpression of DhAHP in D. hansenii and the salt-sensitive yeasts Saccharomyces cereviasiae and Pichia methanolica conferred a higher tolerance with a reduced level of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION In conclusion, for the first time our study has identified alkly hydroperoxide reductase as a key protein involved in the salt tolerance of the extremely halophilic D. hansenii. Apparently, this enzyme plays a multi-functional role in the yeast's adaptation to salinity; it serves as a peroxidase in scavenging reactive oxygen species, as a molecular chaperone in protecting essential proteins from denaturation, and as a redox sensor in regulating H2O2-mediated cell defense signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-fung Chao
- Graduate Institute of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Zhu M, Dai S, McClung S, Yan X, Chen S. Functional differentiation of Brassica napus guard cells and mesophyll cells revealed by comparative proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:752-66. [PMID: 19106087 PMCID: PMC2667361 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800343-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Guard cells are highly specialized cells that form tiny pores called stomata on the leaf surface. The opening and closing of stomata control leaf gas exchange and water transpiration as well as allow plants to quickly respond and adjust to new environmental conditions. Mesophyll cells are specialized for photosynthesis. Despite the phenotypic and obvious functional differences between the two types of cells, the full protein components and their functions have not been explored but are addressed here through a global comparative proteomics analysis of purified guard cells and mesophyll cells. With the use of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) tagging and two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified 1458 non-redundant proteins in both guard cells and mesophyll cells of Brassica napus leaves. Based on stringent statistical criteria, a total of 427 proteins were quantified, and 74 proteins were found to be enriched in guard cells. Proteins involved in energy (respiration), transport, transcription (nucleosome), cell structure, and signaling are preferentially expressed in guard cells. We observed several well characterized guard cell proteins. By contrast, proteins involved in photosynthesis, starch synthesis, disease/defense/stress, and other metabolisms are preferentially represented in mesophyll cells. Of the identified proteins, 110 have corresponding microarray data obtained from Arabidopsis guard cells and mesophyll cells. About 72% of these proteins follow the same trend of expression at the transcript and protein levels. For the rest of proteins, the correlation between proteomics data and the microarray data is poor. This highlights the importance of quantitative profiling at the protein level. Collectively this work represents the most extensive proteomic description of B. napus guard cells and has improved our knowledge of the functional specification of guard cells and mesophyll cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- Department of Botany, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Tripathi BN, Bhatt I, Dietz KJ. Peroxiredoxins: a less studied component of hydrogen peroxide detoxification in photosynthetic organisms. PROTOPLASMA 2009; 235:3-15. [PMID: 19219525 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are ubiquitous thiol-dependent peroxidases capable of reducing a broad range of toxic peroxides and peroxinitrites. A cysteinyl residue of peroxiredoxins reacts with the peroxides as primary catalytic center and oxidizes to sulfenic acid. The regeneration of the reduced form of Prx is required as a next step to allow its entry into next catalytic cycle. Several proteins, such as thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, cyclophilin, among others, are known to facilitate the regeneration of the reduced (catalytically active) form of Prx in plants. Based on the cysteine residues conserved in the deduced amino acid sequence and their catalytic mechanisms, four groups of peroxiredoxins have been distinguished in plants, namely, 1-Cys Prx, 2-Cys Prx, Type II Prx and Prx Q. Peroxiredoxins are known to play an important role in combating the reactive oxygen species generated at the level of electron transport activities in the plant exposed to different types of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition to their role in antioxidant defense mechanisms in plants, they also modulate redox signaling during development and adaptation. Besides these general properties, peroxiredoxins have been shown to protect DNA from damage in vitro and in vivo. They also regulate metabolism in thylakoids and mitochondria. The present review summarizes the most updated information on the structure and catalysis of Prx and their functional importance in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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Rouhier N, Koh CS, Gelhaye E, Corbier C, Favier F, Didierjean C, Jacquot JP. Redox based anti-oxidant systems in plants: Biochemical and structural analyses. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:1249-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Barranco-Medina S, Kakorin S, Lázaro JJ, Dietz KJ. Thermodynamics of the dimer-decamer transition of reduced human and plant 2-cys peroxiredoxin. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7196-204. [PMID: 18553980 DOI: 10.1021/bi8002956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a powerful technique for investigating self-association processes of protein complexes and was expected to reveal quantitative data on peroxiredoxin oligomerization by directly measuring the thermodynamic parameters of dimer-dimer interaction. Recombinant classical 2-cysteine peroxoredoxins from Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Pisum sativum as well as a carboxy-terminally truncated variant were subjected to ITC analysis by stepwise injection into the reaction vessel under various redox conditions. The direct measurement of the decamer-dimer equilibrium of reduced peroxiredoxin revealed a critical concentration in the very low micromolar range. The data suggest a cooperative assembly above this critical transition concentration where a nucleus facilitates assembly. The rather abrupt transition indicates that assembly processes do not occur below the critical transition concentration while oligomerization is efficiently triggered above it. The magnitude of the measured enthalpy confirmed the endothermic nature of the peroxiredoxin oligomerization. Heterocomplexes between peroxiredoxin polypeptides from different species were not formed. We conclude that a functional constraint conserved the dimer-decamer transition with highly similar critical transition concentrations despite emerging sequence variation during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Barranco-Medina
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology-W5, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Diverse roles for chloroplast stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidases in plant stress responses. Biochem J 2008; 412:275-85. [PMID: 18318659 DOI: 10.1042/bj20080030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light reactions comprise a significant source of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in illuminated leaves. APXs (ascorbate peroxidases) reduce H(2)O(2) to water and play an important role in the antioxidant system of plants. In the present study we addressed the significance of chloroplast APXs in stress tolerance and signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. To this end, T-DNA (transfer DNA) insertion mutants tapx, sapx and tapx sapx, lacking the tAPX (thylakoid-bound APX), sAPX (stromal APX) or both respectively, were characterized. Photo-oxidative stress during germination led to bleaching of chloroplasts in sapx single-mutant and particularly in the tapx sapx double-mutant plants, whereas the greening process of wild-type and tapx plants was only partially impaired. Mature leaves of tapx sapx double mutants were also susceptible to short-term photo-oxidative stress induced by high light or methyl viologen treatments. After a 2-week acclimation period under high light or under low temperature, none of the mutants exhibited enhanced stress symptoms. Immunoblot analysis revealed that high-light-stress-acclimated tapx sapx double mutants compensated for the absence of tAPX and sAPX by increasing the level of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin. Furthermore, the absence of tAPX and sAPX induced alterations in the transcriptomic profile of tapx sapx double-mutant plants already under quite optimal growth conditions. We conclude that sAPX is particularly important for photoprotection during the early greening process. In mature leaves, tAPX and sAPX are functionally redundant, and crucial upon sudden onset of oxidative stress. Moreover, chloroplast APXs contribute to chloroplast retrograde signalling pathways upon slight fluctuations in the accumulation of H(2)O(2) in chloroplasts.
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The Role of Peroxiredoxins in Oxygenic Photosynthesis of Cyanobacteria and Higher Plants: Peroxide Detoxification or Redox Sensing? PHOTOPROTECTION, PHOTOINHIBITION, GENE REGULATION, AND ENVIRONMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3579-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Barbey C, Rouhier N, Haouz A, Navaza A, Jacquot JP. Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the peroxiredoxin domain of a larger natural hybrid protein from Thermotoga maritima. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:29-31. [PMID: 18097097 PMCID: PMC2374002 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309107064391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thermotoga maritima contains a natural hybrid protein constituted of two moieties: a peroxiredoxin domain at the N-terminus and a nitroreductase domain at the C-terminus. The peroxiredoxin (Prx) domain has been overproduced and purified from Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant Prx domain, which is homologous to bacterial Prx BCP and plant Prx Q, folds properly into a stable protein that possesses biological activity. The recombinant protein was crystallized and synchrotron data were collected to 2.9 A resolution. The crystals belonged to the tetragonal space group I422, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 176.67, c = 141.20 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Barbey
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Tissulaire, UMR 7033, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France.
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Navrot N, Collin V, Gualberto J, Gelhaye E, Hirasawa M, Rey P, Knaff DB, Issakidis E, Jacquot JP, Rouhier N. Plant glutathione peroxidases are functional peroxiredoxins distributed in several subcellular compartments and regulated during biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 142:1364-79. [PMID: 17071643 PMCID: PMC1676047 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.089458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We provide here an exhaustive overview of the glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Gpx) family of poplar (Populus trichocarpa). Although these proteins were initially defined as GSH dependent, in fact they use only reduced thioredoxin (Trx) for their regeneration and do not react with GSH or glutaredoxin, constituting a fifth class of peroxiredoxins. The two chloroplastic Gpxs display a marked selectivity toward their electron donors, being exclusively specific for Trxs of the y type for their reduction. In contrast, poplar Gpxs are much less specific with regard to their electron-accepting substrates, reducing hydrogen peroxide and more complex hydroperoxides equally well. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that the catalytic mechanism and the Trx-mediated recycling process involve only two (cysteine [Cys]-107 and Cys-155) of the three conserved Cys, which form a disulfide bridge with an oxidation-redox midpoint potential of -295 mV. The reduction/formation of this disulfide is detected both by a shift on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by measuring the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the protein. The six genes identified coding for Gpxs are expressed in various poplar organs, and two of them are localized in the chloroplast, with one colocalizing in mitochondria, suggesting a broad distribution of Gpxs in plant cells. The abundance of some Gpxs is modified in plants subjected to environmental constraints, generally increasing during fungal infection, water deficit, and metal stress, and decreasing during photooxidative stress, showing that Gpx proteins are involved in the response to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Navrot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Henri Poincaré 1136, Université Henri Poincaré, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex, France
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Noguera-Mazon V, Krimm I, Walker O, Lancelin JM. Protein-protein interactions within peroxiredoxin systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 89:277-90. [PMID: 17089212 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin systems in plants were demonstrated involved in crucial roles related to reactive oxygenated species (ROS) metabolism and the linked cell signalling to ROS. Peroxiredoxins function as peroxidasic systems that combine at least a reactivating reductant agent like thioredoxins, and sometimes glutaredoxins and glutathion. In the past three years a number of peroxiredoxin structures were solved by crystallography in different experimental crystallisation conditions. The structures have revealed a significant propensity of peroxiredoxins for oligomerism that was confirmed by biophysical studies in solution using NMR and other methods as analytical ultra-centrifugation. These studies showed that quaternary structures of peroxiredoxins involve specific protein-protein interaction interfaces that rely upon the peroxiredoxin types and/or their redox conditions. The protein-protein interactions with the reactivating redoxins essentially lead to transient unstable complexes. We review herein the different protein-protein interactions characterized or deduced from those reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Noguera-Mazon
- Sciences Analytiques, ANABIO - RMN et Spectrométrie de Masse Biomoléculaires, CNRS UMR 5180, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Domaine Scientifique de La Doua, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Echalier A, Trivelli X, Corbier C, Rouhier N, Walker O, Tsan P, Jacquot JP, Aubry A, Krimm I, Lancelin JM. Crystal structure and solution NMR dynamics of a D (type II) peroxiredoxin glutaredoxin and thioredoxin dependent: a new insight into the peroxiredoxin oligomerism. Biochemistry 2005; 44:1755-67. [PMID: 15697201 DOI: 10.1021/bi048226s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a family of thiol peroxidases that reduce hydrogen peroxide, peroxinitrite, and hydroperoxides using a strictly conserved cysteine. Very abundant in all organisms, Prxs are produced as diverse isoforms characterized by different catalytic mechanisms and various thiol-containing reducing agents. The oligomeric state of Prxs and the link with their functionality is a subject of intensive research. We present here a combined X-ray and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of a plant Prx that belongs to the D-Prx (type II) subfamily. The Populus trichocarpa Prx is the first Prx shown to be regenerated in vitro by both the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems. The crystal structure and solution NMR provide evidence that the reduced protein is a specific noncovalent homodimer both in the crystal and in solution. The dimer interface is roughly perpendicular to the plane of the central beta sheet and differs from the interface of A- and B-Prx dimers, where proteins associate in the plane parallel to the beta sheet. The homodimer interface involves residues strongly conserved in the D (type II) Prxs, suggesting that all Prxs of this family can homodimerize. The study provides a new insight into the Prx oligomerism and the basis for protein-protein and enzyme-substrate interaction studies by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Echalier
- LCM3B, Groupe Biocristallographie, Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy1, UMR CNRS 7036, 54506 Vandoeuvre, France
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Barros MP, Pinto E, Sigaud-Kutner TCS, Cardozo KHM, Colepicolo P. Rhythmicity and oxidative/nitrosative stress in algae. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010400028666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2004; 9:490-498. [PMID: 15465684 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3112-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Mittler
- Department of Biochemistry, Mail Stop 200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Rouhier N, Gelhaye E, Gualberto JM, Jordy MN, De Fay E, Hirasawa M, Duplessis S, Lemaire SD, Frey P, Martin F, Manieri W, Knaff DB, Jacquot JP. Poplar peroxiredoxin Q. A thioredoxin-linked chloroplast antioxidant functional in pathogen defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 134:1027-38. [PMID: 14976238 PMCID: PMC389925 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.035865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous thioredoxin- or glutaredoxin-dependent peroxidases, the function of which is to destroy peroxides. Peroxiredoxin Q, one of the four plant subtypes, is a homolog of the bacterial bacterioferritin comigratory proteins. We show here that the poplar (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) protein acts as a monomer with an intramolecular disulfide bridge between two conserved cysteines. A wide range of electron donors and substrates was tested. Unlike type II peroxiredoxin, peroxiredoxin Q cannot use the glutaredoxin or cyclophilin isoforms tested, but various cytosolic, chloroplastic, and mitochondrial thioredoxins are efficient electron donors with no marked specificities. The redox midpoint potential of the peroxiredoxin Q catalytic disulfide is -325 mV at pH 7.0, explaining why the wild-type protein is reduced by thioredoxin but not by glutaredoxin. Additional evidence that thioredoxin serves as a donor comes from the formation of heterodimers between peroxiredoxin Q and monocysteinic mutants of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) thioredoxin m. Peroxiredoxin Q can reduce various alkyl hydroperoxides, but with a better efficiency for cumene hydroperoxide than hydrogen peroxide and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide. The use of immunolocalization and of a green fluorescence protein fusion construct indicates that the transit sequence efficiently targets peroxiredoxin Q to the chloroplasts and especially to those of the guard cells. The expression of this protein and of type II peroxiredoxin is modified in response to an infection by two races of Melampsora larici-populina, the causative agent of the poplar rust. In the case of an hypersensitive response, the peroxiredoxin expression increased, whereas it decreased during a compatible interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouhier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Henri Poincaré 1136, Interactions Arbres/Micro-Organismes, Université Henri Poincaré, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex France
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Yamazaki D, Motohashi K, Kasama T, Hara Y, Hisabori T. Target proteins of the cytosolic thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 45:18-27. [PMID: 14749482 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Possible target proteins of cytosolic thioredoxin in higher plants have been investigated in the cell lysate of dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana whole tissues. We immobilized a mutant of cytosolic thioredoxin, in which an internal cysteine at the active site was substituted with serine, on CNBr activated resin, and used the resin for the thioredoxin-affinity chromatography. By using this resin, the target proteins for thioredoxin in the higher plant cytosol were efficiently acquired. The obtained proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Thus we have identified proteins of the anti-oxidative stress system proteins (ascorbate peroxidase, germin-like protein, and monomeric type II peroxiredoxin), proteins involved in protein biosynthesis (elongation factor-2 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A), proteins involved in protein degradation (the regulatory subunit of 26S proteasome), and several metabolic enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-bis phosphate aldolase-like protein, cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, and vitamin B(12)-independent methionine synthase) together with some chloroplast proteins (chaperonin 60-alpha and 60-beta, heat shock protein 70, and glutamine synthase). The results in this study and recent proteomics studies on the target proteins of chloroplast thioredoxin indicate the versatility and the physiological significance of thioredoxin as reductant in plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamazaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
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Rouhier N, Gelhaye E, Corbier C, Jacquot JP. Active site mutagenesis and phospholipid hydroperoxide reductase activity of poplar type II peroxiredoxin. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2004; 120:57-62. [PMID: 15032877 DOI: 10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the active site and the substrate specificity of poplar type II peroxiredoxin, an enzyme which preferentially uses glutaredoxin as an electron donor, were investigated in this study. The type II peroxiredoxin is able to use phospholipid hydroperoxide nearly as efficiently as hydrogen peroxide. Two of the hyper-conserved amino acid residues in peroxiredoxins have been altered, by site-directed mutagenesis, generating the mutants T48V and R129Q. The two mutant proteins are inactive with hydrogen peroxide or tertiary butyl hydroperoxide as substrates. On the other hand, the mutant enzymes catalyse the degradation of cumene hydroperoxide with low efficiency. This suggests that the thiol-dependent regeneration process of the catalytic cysteine is not affected by the mutations and that all substrates are not accommodated identically in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouhier
- UMR 1136 Interaction Arbres Microorganismes INRA-UHP. Université Henri Poincaré, Faculté des Sciences BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex France LCM3B, Groupe Biocristallographie, UMR 7036, UHP, Faculté des Sciences, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
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Rouhier N, Jacquot JP. Molecular and catalytic properties of a peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin hybrid fromNeisseria meningitidis. FEBS Lett 2003; 554:149-53. [PMID: 14596930 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid protein from Neisseria meningitidis, which contains both a peroxiredoxin and a glutaredoxin domain, has been isolated. The enzyme was active in the reduction of various peroxides and dehydroascorbate in the presence of reduced glutathione. These findings suggest that both the peroxiredoxin and glutaredoxin domains are biochemically active in the fusion. Moreover, when expressed separately, the glutaredoxin domain was catalytically active and the peroxiredoxin domain possessed a weak activity when supplemented with exogenous glutaredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouhier
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes INRA UHP, Faculté des Sciences, P.O. Box 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre, France.
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