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Li Y, Zhou H, He X, Jin L, Zhu Y, Hu L, Feng M, Zhu J, Wang L, Zheng Y, Li S, Yan Z, Cen P, Hu J, Chen Z, Yu X, Fu X, Xu C, Cao S, Cao Y, Chen G, Wang L. Impaired microglial glycolysis promotes inflammatory responses after intracerebral haemorrhage via HK2-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00359-X. [PMID: 39142439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease that leads to severe neurological deficits. Microglia are the first line of defence in the brain and play a crucial role in neurological recovery after ICH, whose activities are primarily driven by glucose metabolism. However, little is known regarding the status of glucose metabolism in microglia and its interactions with inflammatory responses after ICH. OBJECTIVES This study investigated microglial glycolysis and its mechanistic effects on microglial inflammation after ICH. METHODS We explored the status of glucose metabolism in the ipsilateral region and in fluorescence-activated-cell-sorting-isolated (FACS-isolated) microglia via 2-deoxy-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) analyses and gamma emission, respectively. Energy-related targeted metabolomics, along with 13C-glucose isotope tracing, was utilised to analyse glycolytic products in microglia. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitoROS) accumulation was assessed by flow cytometry. Behavioural, western blotting, gene regulation, and enzymatic activity analyses were conducted with a focus on microglia. RESULTS Neurological dysfunction was strongly correlated with decreased FDG-PET signals in the perihaematomal region, where microglial uptake of FDG was reduced. The decreased quantity of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) in microglia was attributed to the downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2). Enhanced inflammatory responses were driven by HK2 suppression via decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which could be rescued by MitoROS scavengers. HK inhibitors aggravated neurological injury by suppressing FDG uptake and enhancing microglial inflammation in ICH mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate an unexpected metabolic status in pro-inflammatory microglia after ICH, consisting of glycolysis impairment caused by the downregulation of GLUT1 and HK2. Additionally, HK2 suppression promotes inflammatory responses by disrupting mitochondrial function, providing insight into the mechanisms by which inflammation may be facilitated after ICH and indicating that metabolic enzymes as potential targets for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuchao He
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingji Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Majing Feng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peili Cen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Volpi T, Silvestri E, Aiello M, Lee JJ, Vlassenko AG, Goyal MS, Corbetta M, Bertoldo A. The brain's "dark energy" puzzle: How strongly is glucose metabolism linked to resting-state brain activity? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1433-1449. [PMID: 38443762 PMCID: PMC11342718 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241237974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Brain glucose metabolism, which can be investigated at the macroscale level with [18F]FDG PET, displays significant regional variability for reasons that remain unclear. Some of the functional drivers behind this heterogeneity may be captured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, the full extent to which an fMRI-based description of the brain's spontaneous activity can describe local metabolism is unknown. Here, using two multimodal datasets of healthy participants, we built a multivariable multilevel model of functional-metabolic associations, assessing multiple functional features, describing the 1) rs-fMRI signal, 2) hemodynamic response, 3) static and 4) time-varying functional connectivity, as predictors of the human brain's metabolic architecture. The full model was trained on one dataset and tested on the other to assess its reproducibility. We found that functional-metabolic spatial coupling is nonlinear and heterogeneous across the brain, and that local measures of rs-fMRI activity and synchrony are more tightly coupled to local metabolism. In the testing dataset, the degree of functional-metabolic spatial coupling was also related to peripheral metabolism. Overall, although a significant proportion of regional metabolic variability can be described by measures of spontaneous activity, additional efforts are needed to explain the remaining variance in the brain's 'dark energy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Volpi
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica Silvestri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - John J Lee
- Neuroimaging Laboratories at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Neuroimaging Laboratories at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Neuroimaging Laboratories at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertoldo
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Onos KD, Lin PB, Pandey RS, Persohn SA, Burton CP, Miner EW, Eldridge K, Kanyinda JN, Foley KE, Carter GW, Howell GR, Territo PR. Assessment of neurovascular uncoupling: APOE status is a key driver of early metabolic and vascular dysfunction. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4951-4969. [PMID: 38713704 PMCID: PMC11247674 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with apolipoprotein Eε4 (APOEε4) being the strongest genetic risk factor. Current clinical diagnostic imaging focuses on amyloid and tau; however, new methods are needed for earlier detection. METHODS PET imaging was used to assess metabolism-perfusion in both sexes of aging C57BL/6J, and hAPOE mice, and were verified by transcriptomics, and immunopathology. RESULTS All hAPOE strains showed AD phenotype progression by 8 months, with females exhibiting the regional changes, which correlated with GO-term enrichments for glucose metabolism, perfusion, and immunity. Uncoupling analysis revealed APOEε4/ε4 exhibited significant Type-1 uncoupling (↓ glucose uptake, ↑ perfusion) at 8 and 12 months, while APOEε3/ε4 demonstrated Type-2 uncoupling (↑ glucose uptake, ↓ perfusion), while immunopathology confirmed cell specific contributions. DISCUSSION This work highlights APOEε4 status in AD progression manifests as neurovascular uncoupling driven by immunological activation, and may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker. HIGHLIGHTS We developed a novel analytical method to analyze PET imaging of 18F-FDG and 64Cu-PTSM data in both sexes of aging C57BL/6J, and hAPOEε3/ε3, hAPOEε4/ε4, and hAPOEε3/ε4 mice to assess metabolism-perfusion profiles termed neurovascular uncoupling. This analysis revealed APOEε4/ε4 exhibited significant Type-1 uncoupling (decreased glucose uptake, increased perfusion) at 8 and 12 months, while APOEε3/ε4 demonstrated significant Type-2 uncoupling (increased glucose uptake, decreased perfusion) by 8 months which aligns with immunopathology and transcriptomic signatures. This work highlights that there may be different mechanisms underlying age related changes in APOEε4/ε4 compared with APOEε3/ε4. We predict that these changes may be driven by immunological activation and response, and may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Scott A. Persohn
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Charles P. Burton
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ethan W. Miner
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Kate E. Foley
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Paul R. Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Tang Y, Zhu H, Xiao L, Li R, Han H, Tang W, Liu D, Zhou C, Liu D, Yang Z, Zhou L, Xiao B, Rominger A, Shi K, Hu S, Feng L. Individual cerebellar metabolic connectome in patients with MTLE and NTLE associated with surgical prognosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06762-2. [PMID: 38805089 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to comprehensively explore the different metabolic connectivity topological changes in MTLE and NTLE, as well as their association with surgical outcomes. METHODS This study enrolled a cohort of patients with intractable MTLE and NTLE. Each individual's metabolic connectome, as determined by Kullback-Leibler divergence similarity estimation for the [18F]FDG PET image, was employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the cerebral metabolic network. Alterations in network connectivity were assessed by extracting and evaluating the strength of edge and weighted connectivity. By utilizing these two connectivity strength metrics with the cerebellum, we explored the network properties of connectivity and its association with prognosis in surgical patients. RESULTS Both MTLE and NTLE patients exhibited substantial alterations in the connectivity of the metabolic network at the edge and nodal levels (p < 0.01, FDR corrected). The key disparity between MTLE and NTLE was observed in the cerebellum. In MTLE, there was a predominance of increased connectivity strength in the cerebellum. Whereas, a decrease in cerebellar connectivity was identified in NTLE. It was found that in MTLE, higher edge connectivity and weighted connectivity strength in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere correlated with improved surgical outcomes. Conversely, in NTLE, a higher edge metabolic connectivity strength in the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere suggested a worse surgical prognosis. CONCLUSION The cerebellum exhibits distinct topological characteristics in the metabolic networks between MTLE and NTLE. The hyper- or hypo-metabolic connectivity in the cerebellum may be a prognostic biomarker of surgical prognosis, which might aid in therapeutic decision-making for TLE individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haoyue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghao Han
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiting Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, China
| | - Luo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Basu R, Preat T, Plaçais PY. Glial metabolism versatility regulates mushroom body-driven behavioral output in Drosophila. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053823. [PMID: 38862167 PMCID: PMC11199944 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053823.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Providing metabolic support to neurons is now recognized as a major function of glial cells that is conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, research in this field has focused for more than two decades on the relevance of lactate and glial glycolysis for neuronal energy metabolism, while overlooking many other facets of glial metabolism and their impact on neuronal physiology, circuit activity, and behavior. Here, we review recent work that has unveiled new features of glial metabolism, especially in Drosophila, in the modulation of behavioral traits involving the mushroom bodies (MBs). These recent findings reveal that spatially and biochemically distinct modes of glucose-derived neuronal fueling are implemented within the MB in a memory type-specific manner. In addition, cortex glia are endowed with several antioxidant functions, whereas astrocytes can serve as pro-oxidant agents that are beneficial to redox signaling underlying long-term memory. Finally, glial fatty acid oxidation seems to play a dual fail-safe role: first, as a mode of energy production upon glucose shortage, and, second, as a factor underlying the clearance of excessive oxidative load during sleep. Altogether, these integrated studies performed in Drosophila indicate that glial metabolism has a deterministic role on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Basu
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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White AR. The firestorm within: A narrative review of extreme heat and wildfire smoke effects on brain health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171239. [PMID: 38417511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is generating increased heatwaves and wildfires across much of the world. With these escalating environmental changes comes greater impacts on human health leading to increased numbers of people suffering from heat- and wildfire smoke-associated respiratory and cardiovascular impairment. One area of health impact of climate change that has received far less attention is the effects of extreme heat and wildfire smoke exposure on human brain health. As elevated temperatures, and wildfire-associated smoke, are increasingly experienced simultaneously over summer periods, understanding this combined impact is critical to management of human health especially in the elderly, and people with dementia, and other neurological disorders. Both extreme heat and wildfire smoke air pollution (especially particulate matter, PM) induce neuroinflammatory and cerebrovascular effects, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment, however the combined effect of these impacts are not well understood. In this narrative review, a comprehensive examination of extreme heat and wildfire smoke impact on human brain health is presented, with a focus on how these factors contribute to cognitive impairment, and dementia, one of the leading health issues today. Also discussed is the potential impact of combined heat and wildfire smoke on brain health, and where future efforts should be applied to help advance knowledge in this rapidly growing and critical field of health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia.
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Braunstein PW, Horovitz DJ, Hampton AM, Hollis F, Newman LA, Enos RT, McQuail JA. Daily fluctuations in blood glucose with normal aging are inversely related to hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial proteins. AGING BRAIN 2024; 5:100116. [PMID: 38596458 PMCID: PMC11002859 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective brain glucose utilization is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) while Type II diabetes and elevated blood glucose escalate the risk for AD in later life. Isolating contributions of normal aging from coincident metabolic or brain diseases could lead to refined approaches to manage specific health risks and optimize treatments targeted to susceptible older individuals. We evaluated metabolic, neuroendocrine, and neurobiological differences between young adult (6 months) and aged (24 months) male rats. Compared to young adults, blood glucose was significantly greater in aged rats at the start of the dark phase of the day but not during the light phase. When challenged with physical restraint, a potent stressor, aged rats effected no change in blood glucose whereas blood glucose increased in young adults. Tissues were evaluated for markers of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), neuronal glucose transport, and synapses. Outright differences in protein levels between age groups were not evident, but circadian blood glucose was inversely related to OXPHOS proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes, independent of age. The neuronal glucose transporter, GLUT3, was positively associated with circadian blood glucose in young adults whereas aged rats tended to show the opposite trend. Our data demonstrate aging increases daily fluctuations in blood glucose and, at the level of individual differences, negatively associates with proteins related to synaptic OXPHOS. Our findings imply that glucose dyshomeostasis may exacerbate metabolic aspects of synaptic dysfunction that contribute to risk for age-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Braunstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - David J. Horovitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lori A. Newman
- Department of Psychological Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joseph A. McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Terracina S, Tarani L, Ceccanti M, Vitali M, Francati S, Lucarelli M, Venditti S, Verdone L, Ferraguti G, Fiore M. The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38671857 PMCID: PMC11047541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent a continuum of lifelong impairments resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol, with significant global impact. The "spectrum" of disorders includes a continuum of physical, cognitive, behavioral, and developmental impairments which can have profound and lasting effects on individuals throughout their lives, impacting their health, social interactions, psychological well-being, and every aspect of their lives. This narrative paper explores the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and epigenetics in FASD pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications. Oxidative stress, induced by alcohol metabolism, disrupts cellular components, particularly in the vulnerable fetal brain, leading to aberrant development. Furthermore, oxidative stress is implicated in epigenetic changes, including alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression, which influence gene regulation in FASD patients. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation contribute to epigenetic changes associated with FASD. Understanding these mechanisms holds promise for targeted therapeutic interventions. This includes antioxidant supplementation and lifestyle modifications to mitigate FASD-related impairments. While preclinical studies show promise, further clinical trials are needed to validate these interventions' efficacy in improving clinical outcomes for individuals affected by FASD. This comprehensive understanding of the role of oxidative stress in epigenetics in FASD underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies. Continued research in this field is crucial for advancing our knowledge and developing effective interventions to address this significant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.L.)
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell’Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.L.)
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.L.)
- Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Venditti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Verdone
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.L.)
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Onos K, Lin PB, Pandey RS, Persohn SA, Burton CP, Miner EW, Eldridge K, Kanyinda JN, Foley KE, Carter GW, Howell GR, Territo PR. Assessment of Neurovascular Uncoupling: APOE Status is a Key Driver of Early Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.13.571584. [PMID: 38168292 PMCID: PMC10760108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with apolipoprotein ε4 (APOEε4) being the strongest genetic risk factor. Current clinical diagnostic imaging focuses on amyloid and tau; however, new methods are needed for earlier detection. METHODS PET imaging was used to assess metabolism-perfusion in both sexes of aging C57BL/6J, and hAPOE mice, and were verified by transcriptomics, and immunopathology. RESULTS All hAPOE strains showed AD phenotype progression by 8 mo, with females exhibiting the regional changes, which correlated with GO-term enrichments for glucose metabolism, perfusion, and immunity. Uncoupling analysis revealed APOEε4/ε4 exhibited significant Type-1 uncoupling (↓ glucose uptake, ↑ perfusion) at 8 and 12 mo, while APOEε3/ε4 demonstrated Type-2 uncoupling (↑ glucose uptake, ↓ perfusion), while immunopathology confirmed cell specific contributions. DISCUSSION This work highlights APOEε4 status in AD progression manifest as neurovascular uncoupling driven by immunological activation, and may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Onos
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Scott A. Persohn
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Charles P. Burton
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Ethan W. Miner
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | | | - Kate E. Foley
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | | | - Paul R. Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
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10
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Kiyatkin EA, Choi S. Brain oxygen responses induced by opioids: focus on heroin, fentanyl, and their adulterants. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1354722. [PMID: 38299188 PMCID: PMC10828032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1354722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are important tools for pain management, but abuse can result in serious health complications. Of these complications, respiratory depression that leads to brain hypoxia is the most dangerous, resulting in coma and death. Although all opioids at large doses induce brain hypoxia, danger is magnified with synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and structurally similar analogs. These drugs are highly potent, act rapidly, and are often not effectively treated by naloxone, the standard of care for opioid-induced respiratory depression. The goal of this review paper is to present and discuss brain oxygen responses induced by opioids, focusing on heroin and fentanyl. In contrast to studying drug-induced changes in respiratory activity, we used chronically implanted oxygen sensors coupled with high-speed amperometry to directly evaluate physiological and drug-induced fluctuations in brain oxygen levels in awake, freely moving rats. First, we provide an overview of brain oxygen responses to physiological stimuli and discuss the mechanisms regulating oxygen entry into brain tissue. Next, we present data on brain oxygen responses induced by heroin and fentanyl and review underlying mechanisms. These data allowed us to compare the effects of these drugs on brain oxygen in terms of their potency, time-dependent response pattern, and potentially lethal effect at high doses. Then, we present the interactive effects of opioids during polysubstance use (alcohol, ketamine, xylazine) on brain oxygenation. Finally, we consider factors that affect the therapeutic potential of naloxone, focusing on dosage, timing of drug delivery, and contamination of opioids by other neuroactive drugs. The latter issue is considered chiefly with respect to xylazine, which strongly potentiates the hypoxic effects of heroin and fentanyl. Although this work was done in rats, the data are human relevant and will aid in addressing the alarming rise in lethality associated with opioid misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A. Kiyatkin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Özden C, Mautner VF, Farschtschi S, Molwitz I, Ristow I, Bannas P, Well L, Klutmann S, Adam G, Apostolova I, Buchert R. Asymmetry of thalamic hypometabolism on FDG-PET/CT in neurofibromatosis type 1: Association with peripheral tumor burden. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:138-144. [PMID: 37942683 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thalamic hypometabolism is a consistent finding in brain PET with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). However, the pathophysiology of this metabolic alteration is unknown. We hypothesized that it might be secondary to disturbance of peripheral input to the thalamus by NF1-characteristic peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between thalamic FDG uptake and the number, volume, and localization of PNSTs. METHODS This retrospective study included 22 adult NF1 patients (41% women, 36.2 ± 13.0 years) referred to whole-body FDG-PET/contrast-enhanced CT for suspected malignant transformation of PNSTs and 22 sex- and age-matched controls. Brain FDG uptake was scaled voxelwise to the individual median uptake in cerebellar gray matter. Bilateral mean and left-right asymmetry of thalamic FDG uptake were determined using a left-right symmetric anatomical thalamus mask. PNSTs were manually segmented in contrast-enhanced CT. RESULTS Thalamic FDG uptake was reduced in NF1 patients by 2.0 standard deviations (p < .0005) compared to controls. Left-right asymmetry was increased by 1.3 standard deviations (p = .013). Thalamic hypometabolism was higher in NF1 patients with ≥3 PNSTs than in patients with ≤2 PNSTs (2.6 vs. 1.6 standard deviations, p = .032). The impact of the occurrence of paraspinal/paravertebral PNSTs and of the mean PNST volume on thalamic FDG uptake did not reach statistical significance (p = .098 and p = .189). Left-right asymmetry of thalamic FDG uptake was not associated with left-right asymmetry of PNST burden (p = .658). CONCLUSIONS This study provides first evidence of left-right asymmetry of thalamic hypometabolism in NF1 and that it might be mediated by NF1-associated peripheral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Özden
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor-Felix Mautner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Said Farschtschi
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inka Ristow
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Well
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Klutmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Rabah Y, Francés R, Minatchy J, Guédon L, Desnous C, Plaçais PY, Preat T. Glycolysis-derived alanine from glia fuels neuronal mitochondria for memory in Drosophila. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2002-2019. [PMID: 37932430 PMCID: PMC10663161 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain; however, it remains controversial whether, upon neuronal activation, glucose is primarily used by neurons for ATP production or if it is partially oxidized in astrocytes, as proposed by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model for glutamatergic neurons. Thus, an in vivo picture of glucose metabolism during cognitive processes is missing. Here, we uncover in Drosophila melanogaster a glia-to-neuron alanine transfer involving alanine aminotransferase that sustains memory formation. Following associative conditioning, glycolysis in glial cells produces alanine, which is back-converted into pyruvate in cholinergic neurons of the olfactory memory center to uphold their increased mitochondrial needs. Alanine, as a mediator of glia-neuron coupling, could be an alternative to lactate in cholinergic systems. In parallel, a dedicated glial glucose transporter imports glucose specifically for long-term memory, by directly transferring it to neurons for use by the pentose phosphate pathway. Our results demonstrate in vivo the compartmentalization of glucose metabolism between neurons and glial cells during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Rabah
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Francés
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julia Minatchy
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laura Guédon
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Coraline Desnous
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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13
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Siddiqui M, Pinti P, Brigadoi S, Lloyd-Fox S, Elwell CE, Johnson MH, Tachtsidis I, Jones EJH. Using multi-modal neuroimaging to characterise social brain specialisation in infants. eLife 2023; 12:e84122. [PMID: 37818944 PMCID: PMC10624424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The specialised regional functionality of the mature human cortex partly emerges through experience-dependent specialisation during early development. Our existing understanding of functional specialisation in the infant brain is based on evidence from unitary imaging modalities and has thus focused on isolated estimates of spatial or temporal selectivity of neural or haemodynamic activation, giving an incomplete picture. We speculate that functional specialisation will be underpinned by better coordinated haemodynamic and metabolic changes in a broadly orchestrated physiological response. To enable researchers to track this process through development, we develop new tools that allow the simultaneous measurement of coordinated neural activity (EEG), metabolic rate, and oxygenated blood supply (broadband near-infrared spectroscopy) in the awake infant. In 4- to 7-month-old infants, we use these new tools to show that social processing is accompanied by spatially and temporally specific increases in coupled activation in the temporal-parietal junction, a core hub region of the adult social brain. During non-social processing, coupled activation decreased in the same region, indicating specificity to social processing. Coupling was strongest with high-frequency brain activity (beta and gamma), consistent with the greater energetic requirements and more localised action of high-frequency brain activity. The development of simultaneous multimodal neural measures will enable future researchers to open new vistas in understanding functional specialisation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Siddiqui
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paola Pinti
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Information Engineering, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily JH Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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14
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Liu J, Li T, Zhong G, Pan Y, Gao M, Su S, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shi Q. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115406. [PMID: 37659206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global public health priority characterized by high mortality rates in adults and an increasing prevalence in aging populations worldwide. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis of AD since its initial report in 1907, there remains a lack of effective curative or preventive measures for the disease. In recent years, natural compounds sourced from diverse origins have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for AD, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on AD, specifically targeting the reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction, anti-apoptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the identified compounds exhibiting these effects predominantly originate from plants. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds as a reservoir of novel therapeutic agents for AD, thereby stimulating further research and contributing to the development of efficacious treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Cuiru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qing Shi
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China.
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15
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Buchert R, Wegner F, Huppertz HJ, Berding G, Brendel M, Apostolova I, Buhmann C, Dierks A, Katzdobler S, Klietz M, Levin J, Mahmoudi N, Rinscheid A, Rogozinski S, Rumpf JJ, Schneider C, Stöcklein S, Spetsieris PG, Eidelberg D, Wattjes MP, Sabri O, Barthel H, Höglinger G. Automatic covariance pattern analysis outperforms visual reading of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in variant progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1901-1913. [PMID: 37655363 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, studies on positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) usually included PSP cohorts overrepresenting patients with Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS). OBJECTIVES To evaluate FDG-PET in a patient sample representing the broad phenotypic PSP spectrum typically encountered in routine clinical practice. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter study included 41 PSP patients, 21 (51%) with RS and 20 (49%) with non-RS variants of PSP (vPSP), and 46 age-matched healthy controls. Two state-of-the art methods for the interpretation of FDG-PET were compared: visual analysis supported by voxel-based statistical testing (five readers) and automatic covariance pattern analysis using a predefined PSP-related pattern. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of the majority visual read for the detection of PSP in the whole cohort were 74% and 72%, respectively. The percentage of false-negative cases was 10% in the PSP-RS subsample and 43% in the vPSP subsample. Automatic covariance pattern analysis provided sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 83% in the whole cohort. The percentage of false-negative cases was 0% in the PSP-RS subsample and 15% in the vPSP subsample. CONCLUSIONS Visual interpretation of FDG-PET supported by voxel-based testing provides good accuracy for the detection of PSP-RS, but only fair sensitivity for vPSP. Automatic covariance pattern analysis outperforms visual interpretation in the detection of PSP-RS, provides clinically useful sensitivity for vPSP, and reduces the rate of false-positive findings. Thus, pattern expression analysis is clinically useful to complement visual reading and voxel-based testing of FDG-PET in suspected PSP. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Georg Berding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dierks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Nima Mahmoudi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Rinscheid
- Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christine Schneider
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Phoebe G Spetsieris
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Mike P Wattjes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
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16
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Liang F, Du L, Rao X, Li Y, Long W, Tian J, Zhu X, Zou A, Lu W, Wan B. Effect of electroacupuncture at ST36 on the cerebral metabolic kinetics of rheumatoid arthritis rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110700. [PMID: 37414302 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to enhance the recovery of symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Both the pathogenesis of RA and the therapeutic effects of EA are closely associated with the metabolic activity of the brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of EA at the "Zusanli" acupoint (ST36) on a rat model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA). The results demonstrated that EA effectively alleviated joint swelling, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage erosion, and bone destruction in CIA rats. Additionally, the metabolic kinetics study revealed a significant increase in the 13C enrichment of GABA2 and Glu4 in the midbrain of CIA rats treated with EA. Correlation network analysis showed that changes in Gln4 levels in the hippocampus were strongly associated with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunofluorescence staining of c-Fos in the midbrain's periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and hippocampus demonstrated increased c-Fos expression in these regions following EA treatment. These findings suggest that GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the midbrain, along with astrocytes in the hippocampus, may play vital roles in the beneficial effects of EA on RA. Furthermore, the PAG and hippocampus brain regions hold potential as critical targets for future RA treatments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the specific mechanism of EA in treating RA by elucidating the perspective of cerebral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Du
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Rao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Long
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Tian
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuanai Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Aijia Zou
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bijiang Wan
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Valverde-Salazar V, Ruiz-Gabarre D, García-Escudero V. Alzheimer's Disease and Green Tea: Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as a Modulator of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1460. [PMID: 37507998 PMCID: PMC10376369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterised by a marked decline of both memory and cognition, along with pathophysiological hallmarks including amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuronal loss and inflammation in the brain. Additionally, oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants is considered one of the main risk factors for AD, since it can result in protein, lipid and nucleic acid damage and exacerbate Aβ and tau pathology. To date, there is a lack of successful pharmacological approaches to cure or even ameliorate the terrible impact of this disease. Due to this, dietary compounds with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties acquire special relevance as potential therapeutic agents. In this context, green tea, and its main bioactive compound, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have been targeted as a plausible option for the modulation of AD. Specifically, EGCG acts as an antioxidant by regulating inflammatory processes involved in neurodegeneration such as ferroptosis and microglia-induced cytotoxicity and by inducing signalling pathways related to neuronal survival. Furthermore, it reduces tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation and promotes the non-amyloidogenic route of APP processing, thus preventing the formation of Aβ and its subsequent accumulation. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG may be a suitable candidate in the search for potential therapeutic compounds for neurodegenerative disorders involving inflammation and oxidative stress, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valverde-Salazar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Gabarre
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vega García-Escudero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Mäurer A, Himmel G, Lange C, Mathies F, Apostolova I, Peters O, Buchert R. Individualized Summary Assessment of Detailed Neuropsychological Testing for the Etiological Diagnosis of Newly Detected Cognitive Impairment in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221273. [PMID: 37302033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological testing (NPT) of geriatric inpatients can be affected by the acute illness and/or the hospitalization. OBJECTIVE To test individualized interpretation of detailed NPT for the differentiation between primary 'neurodegenerative' etiologies (predominantly Alzheimer's disease) and 'other' etiologies (including cerebrovascular disease) of newly detected cognitive impairment in geriatric inpatients without and with delirium in remission. METHODS 96 geriatric inpatients (81.9±5.6 years, 64.6% females) with clinically uncertain cognitive impairment were included. 31.3% had delirium in remission that was not considered the primary cause of the cognitive impairment. Categorization of the most likely etiology as 'neurodegenerative' or 'other' was established retrospectively by a study neuropsychologist based on individualized summary assessment of detailed NPT compiled in a standardized vignette. The etiological diagnosis based on FDG-PET served as gold standard (54.2% 'neurodegenerative', 45.8% 'other'). RESULTS Individualized summary assessment by the study neuropsychologist was correct in 80 patients (83.3%, 8 false positive, 8 false negative). The impact of delirium in remission was not significant (p = 0.237). Individualized summary assessment by an independent neuropsychologist resulted in more false positive cases (n = 22) at the same rate of false negative cases (n = 8). Automatic categorization with a decision tree model based on the most discriminative NPT scores was correct in 68 patients (70.8%, 14 false positive, 14 false negative). CONCLUSION Individualized summary assessment of detailed NPT in the context of relevant clinical information might be useful for the etiological diagnosis of newly detected cognitive impairment in hospitalized geriatric patients, also in patients with delirium in remission, but requires task-specific expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mäurer
- Vivantes Ida-Wolff-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Catharina Lange
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Mathies
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Li S, Sheng ZH. Oligodendrocyte-derived transcellular signaling regulates axonal energy metabolism. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102722. [PMID: 37028201 PMCID: PMC10225329 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique morphology and functionality of central nervous system (CNS) neurons necessitate specialized mechanisms to maintain energy metabolism throughout long axons and extensive terminals. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) enwrap CNS axons with myelin sheaths in a multilamellar fashion. Apart from their well-established function in action potential propagation, OLs also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes consisting of proteins, lipids, and RNAs. OL-derived metabolic support is crucial for the maintenance of axonal integrity; its dysfunction has emerged as an important player in neurological disorders that are associated with axonal energy deficits and degeneration. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how these transcellular signaling pathways maintain axonal energy metabolism in health and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA. https://twitter.com/@sunan_li
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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20
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White CJ, Goodkin K. Bioenergetics and neuroimaging research: a neuropathophysiological linkage in the setting of cocaine use amongst persons with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:1001-1003. [PMID: 37017022 PMCID: PMC10101129 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory J. White
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karl Goodkin
- Department of Psychiatry
- Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA
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21
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Mamidi RS, Ayubcha C, Rigney G, Kirschner J, Gerke O, Werner TJ, Tebas P, Alavi A, Revheim ME. A prospective 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography study of the neurometabolic effects in cocaine use and HIV infection. AIDS 2023; 37:905-912. [PMID: 36727840 PMCID: PMC10090338 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV affects 36 million people globally with prevalence decreasing due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and social awareness; transmission occurs during substance use. Cocaine usage independently affects brain activity and may result in reduced ART adherence. This study evaluates brain glucose metabolism measured by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) in cocaine users with HIV infection. DESIGN Sixty-three participants were categorized into groups: 36 HIV infected (HIV+) and 27 non-HIV infected (HIV-) individuals. Each group was further split into cocaine users (CO+) and non-cocaine users (CO-). Of the HIV+, half were cocaine users and half were not. Of the HIV-, 14 were cocaine users and 13 were not. 18 F-FDG-PET and low dose CT scans were performed on all participants. METHODS Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated by 18 F-FDG uptake in the whole brain, cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum 120 min after injection. ROVER software was used for image analysis and regions of interest masks were applied via an adaptive threshold system. ANOVA tests and t -tests were performed to assess the respective differences between the four groups. RESULTS Generally, the HIV+/CO+ group (group A) displayed the lowest levels of uptake whereas the HIV-/CO- group (group D) showed the highest; the HIV+/CO- and HIV-/CO+ groups (groups B and C) showed intermediate levels of activity across the whole brain, cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. CONCLUSION HIV infection and cocaine usage were independently associated with a decrease in brain glucose uptake as measured by 18 F-FDG PET/CT. When combined, positive HIV status and cocaine patients showed the most decreased 18 F-FDG uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya S. Mamidi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jason Kirschner
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas J. Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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John SR, Krauskopf B, Osinga HM, Rubin JE. Slow negative feedback enhances robustness of square-wave bursting. J Comput Neurosci 2023; 51:239-261. [PMID: 37067661 PMCID: PMC10181982 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-023-00846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Square-wave bursting is an activity pattern common to a variety of neuronal and endocrine cell models that has been linked to central pattern generation for respiration and other physiological functions. Many of the reduced mathematical models that exhibit square-wave bursting yield transitions to an alternative pseudo-plateau bursting pattern with small parameter changes. This susceptibility to activity change could represent a problematic feature in settings where the release events triggered by spike production are necessary for function. In this work, we analyze how model bursting and other activity patterns vary with changes in a timescale associated with the conductance of a fast inward current. Specifically, using numerical simulations and dynamical systems methods, such as fast-slow decomposition and bifurcation and phase-plane analysis, we demonstrate and explain how the presence of a slow negative feedback associated with a gradual reduction of a fast inward current in these models helps to maintain the presence of spikes within the active phases of bursts. Therefore, although such a negative feedback is not necessary for burst production, we find that its presence generates a robustness that may be important for function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Rose John
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, 301 Thackeray Hall, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Bernd Krauskopf
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hinke M Osinga
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan E Rubin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, 301 Thackeray Hall, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA.
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23
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Bartolini E, Ferrari AR, Fiori S, Della Vecchia S. Glycaemic Imbalances in Seizures and Epilepsy of Paediatric Age: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072580. [PMID: 37048663 PMCID: PMC10095009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral excitability and systemic metabolic balance are closely interconnected. Energy supply to neurons depends critically on glucose, whose fluctuations can promote immediate hyperexcitability resulting in acute symptomatic seizures. On the other hand, chronic disorders of sugar metabolism (e.g., diabetes mellitus) are often associated with long-term epilepsy. In this paper, we aim to review the existing knowledge on the association between acute and chronic glycaemic imbalances (hyper- and hypoglycaemia) with seizures and epilepsy, especially in the developing brain, focusing on clinical and instrumental features in order to optimize the care of children and adolescents and prevent the development of chronic neurological conditions in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bartolini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
- Tuscany PhD Programme in Neurosciences, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurogenetics, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-886-332
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24
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
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25
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Pizcueta P, Vergara C, Emanuele M, Vilalta A, Rodríguez-Pascau L, Martinell M. Development of PPARγ Agonists for the Treatment of Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Leriglitazone as a Promising Candidate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043201. [PMID: 36834611 PMCID: PMC9961553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important role in physiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in cellular metabolism and repair. Cellular damage caused by acute brain injury and long-term neurodegenerative disorders is associated with alterations of these metabolic processes leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. PPARγ agonists have demonstrated the potential to be effective treatments for CNS diseases in preclinical models, but to date, most drugs have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The most likely explanation for this lack of efficacy is the insufficient brain exposure of these PPARγ agonists. Leriglitazone is a novel, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant PPARγ agonist that is being developed to treat CNS diseases. Here, we review the main roles of PPARγ in physiology and pathophysiology in the CNS, describe the mechanism of action of PPARγ agonists, and discuss the evidence supporting the use of leriglitazone to treat CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pizcueta
- Minoryx Therapeutics SL, 08302 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Marco Emanuele
- Minoryx Therapeutics BE, Gosselies, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marc Martinell
- Minoryx Therapeutics SL, 08302 Barcelona, Spain
- Minoryx Therapeutics BE, Gosselies, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
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26
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Systems biology of human aging: A Fibonacci time series model. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:24-33. [PMID: 36265693 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fractals are everywhere in nature, particularly at the interfaces where matter or energy must be transferred, since they maximize surface area while minimizing energy losses. Temporal fractals have been well studied at micro scales in human biology, but have received comparatively little attention at broader macro scales. In this paper, we describe a fractal time series model of human aging from a systems biology perspective. This model examines how intrinsic aging rates are shaped by entropy and Fibonacci fractal dynamics, with implications for the emergence of key life cycle traits. This proposition is supported by research findings. The finding of an intrinsic aging rate rooted in Fibonacci fractal dynamics represents a new predictive paradigm in evolutionary biology.
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27
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Tuo J, Peng Y, Linghu Y, Tao M, Huang S, Xu Z. Natural products regulate mitochondrial function in cognitive dysfunction-A scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1091879. [PMID: 36959855 PMCID: PMC10027783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicines from natural products can not only treat neurodegenerative diseases but also improve the cognitive dysfunction caused by treatments with western medicines. This study reviews the literature related to the regulation of mitochondrial participation in cognitive function by natural products. In this study, we focused on English articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from 15 October 2017, to 15 October 2022. Fourteen studies that followed the inclusion criteria were integrated, analyzed, and summarized. Several studies have shown that natural products can improve or reduce cognitive dysfunction by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that natural products may serve as new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Tuo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yushuang Linghu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shiming Huang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Shiming Huang, ; Zucai Xu,
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Shiming Huang, ; Zucai Xu,
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28
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Hu Y, Cao K, Wang F, Wu W, Mai W, Qiu L, Luo Y, Ge WP, Sun B, Shi L, Zhu J, Zhang J, Wu Z, Xie Y, Duan S, Gao Z. Dual roles of hexokinase 2 in shaping microglial function by gating glycolytic flux and mitochondrial activity. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1756-1774. [PMID: 36536134 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microglia continuously survey the brain parenchyma and actively shift status following stimulation. These processes demand a unique bioenergetic programme; however, little is known about the metabolic determinants in microglia. By mining large datasets and generating transgenic tools, here we show that hexokinase 2 (HK2), the most active isozyme associated with mitochondrial membrane, is selectively expressed in microglia in the brain. Genetic ablation of HK2 reduced microglial glycolytic flux and energy production, suppressed microglial repopulation, and attenuated microglial surveillance and damage-triggered migration in male mice. HK2 elevation is prominent in immune-challenged or disease-associated microglia. In ischaemic stroke models, however, HK2 deletion promoted neuroinflammation and potentiated cerebral damages. The enhanced inflammatory responses after HK2 ablation in microglia are associated with aberrant mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our study demonstrates that HK2 gates both glycolytic flux and mitochondrial activity to shape microglial functions, changes of which contribute to metabolic abnormalities and maladaptive inflammation in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelei Cao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiying Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Mai
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyao Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Binggui Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junming Zhu
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Wu
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Xie
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhihua Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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29
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Arnst N, Redolfi N, Lia A, Bedetta M, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling and Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3025. [PMID: 36551781 PMCID: PMC9775979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative illness defined by the gradual and cumulative loss of neurons in specific brain areas. The processes that cause AD are still under investigation and there are no available therapies to halt it. Current progress puts at the forefront the "calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis" as a key AD pathogenic pathway, impacting neuronal, astrocyte and microglial function. In this review, we focused on mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in AD, their causes and bioenergetic consequences in neuronal and glial cells, summarizing the possible mechanisms linking detrimental mitochondrial Ca2+ signals to neuronal death in different experimental AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Arnst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Bedetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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30
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Li J, Zhang Y, Lu T, Liang R, Wu Z, Liu M, Qin L, Chen H, Yan X, Deng S, Zheng J, Liu Q. Identification of diagnostic genes for both Alzheimer's disease and Metabolic syndrome by the machine learning algorithm. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037318. [PMID: 36405716 PMCID: PMC9667080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is the most common metabolic and endocrine disease in the elderly. Some studies have suggested a possible association between MetS and AD, but few studied genes that have a co-diagnostic role in both diseases. METHODS The microarray data of AD (GSE63060 and GSE63061 were merged after the batch effect was removed) and MetS (GSE98895) in the GEO database were downloaded. The WGCNA was used to identify the co-expression modules related to AD and MetS. RF and LASSO were used to identify the candidate genes. Machine learning XGBoost improves the diagnostic effect of hub gene in AD and MetS. The CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to assess immune cell infiltration MetS and AD samples and to investigate the relationship between biomarkers and infiltrating immune cells. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data from patients with AD and normal individuals were visualized with the Seurat standard flow dimension reduction clustering the metabolic pathway activity changes each cell with ssGSEA. RESULTS The brown module was identified as the significant module with AD and MetS. GO analysis of shared genes showed that intracellular transport and establishment of localization in cell and organelle organization were enriched in the pathophysiology of AD and MetS. By using RF and Lasso learning methods, we finally obtained eight diagnostic genes, namely ARHGAP4, SNRPG, UQCRB, PSMA3, DPM1, MED6, RPL36AL and RPS27A. Their AUC were all greater than 0.7. Higher immune cell infiltrations expressions were found in the two diseases and were positively linked to the characteristic genes. The scRNA-seq datasets finally obtained seven cell clusters. Seven major cell types including CD8 T cell, monocytes, T cells, NK cell, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages were clustered according to immune cell markers. The ssGSEA revealed that immune-related gene (SNRPG) was significantly regulated in the glycolysis-metabolic pathway. CONCLUSION We identified genes with common diagnostic effects on both MetS and AD, and found genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways associated with various immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Tanli Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Rui Liang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhikang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Linyao Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hongmou Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xianlei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiemin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
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Energy-efficient network activity from disparate circuit parameters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207632119. [PMID: 36279461 PMCID: PMC9636970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207632119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits can produce similar activity patterns from vastly different combinations of channel and synaptic conductances. These conductances are tuned for specific activity patterns but might also reflect additional constraints, such as metabolic cost or robustness to perturbations. How do such constraints influence the range of permissible conductances? Here we investigate how metabolic cost affects the parameters of neural circuits with similar activity in a model of the pyloric network of the crab
Cancer borealis
. We present a machine learning method that can identify a range of network models that generate activity patterns matching experimental data and find that neural circuits can consume largely different amounts of energy despite similar circuit activity. Furthermore, a reduced but still significant range of circuit parameters gives rise to energy-efficient circuits. We then examine the space of parameters of energy-efficient circuits and identify potential tuning strategies for low metabolic cost. Finally, we investigate the interaction between metabolic cost and temperature robustness. We show that metabolic cost can vary across temperatures but that robustness to temperature changes does not necessarily incur an increased metabolic cost. Our analyses show that despite metabolic efficiency and temperature robustness constraining circuit parameters, neural systems can generate functional, efficient, and robust network activity with widely disparate sets of conductances.
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32
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Siwicka-Gieroba D, Robba C, Gołacki J, Badenes R, Dabrowski W. Cerebral Oxygen Delivery and Consumption in Brain-Injured Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1763. [PMID: 36573716 PMCID: PMC9698645 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organism survival depends on oxygen delivery and utilization to maintain the balance of energy and toxic oxidants production. This regulation is crucial to the brain, especially after acute injuries. Secondary insults after brain damage may include impaired cerebral metabolism, ischemia, intracranial hypertension and oxygen concentration disturbances such as hypoxia or hyperoxia. Recent data highlight the important role of clinical protocols in improving oxygen delivery and resulting in lower mortality in brain-injured patients. Clinical protocols guide the rules for oxygen supplementation based on physiological processes such as elevation of oxygen supply (by mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) modulation, cerebral vasoreactivity, oxygen capacity) and reduction of oxygen demand (by pharmacological sedation and coma or hypothermia). The aim of this review is to discuss oxygen metabolism in the brain under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Chiara Robba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jakub Gołacki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wojciech Dabrowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Bartos LM, Kunte ST, Beumers P, Xiang X, Wind K, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P, Choi H, Lee DS, Haass C, von Baumgarten L, Tahirovic S, Albert NL, Lindner S, Brendel M. Single-Cell Radiotracer Allocation via Immunomagnetic Sorting to Disentangle PET Signals at Cellular Resolution. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1459-1462. [PMID: 35589403 PMCID: PMC9536696 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With great interest, our independent groups of scientists located in Korea and Germany recognized the use of a very similar methodologic approach to quantify the uptake of radioactive glucose (18F-FDG) at the cellular level. The focus of our investigations was to disentangle microglial 18F-FDG uptake. To do so, CD11b immunomagnetic cell sorting was applied to isolate microglia cells after in vivo 18F-FDG injection, to allow simple quantification via a γ-counter. Importantly, this technique reveals a snapshot of cellular glucose uptake in living mice at the time of injection since 18F-FDG is trapped by hexokinase phosphorylation without a further opportunity to be metabolized. Both studies indicated high 18F-FDG uptake of single CD11b-positive microglia cells and a significant increase in microglial 18F-FDG uptake when this cell type is activated in the presence of amyloid pathology. Furthermore, another study noticed that immunomagnetic cell sorting after tracer injection facilitated determination of high 18F-FDG uptake in myeloid cells in a range of tumor models. Here, we aim to discuss the rationale for single-cell radiotracer allocation via immunomagnetic cell sorting (scRadiotracing) by providing examples of promising applications of this innovative technology in neuroscience, oncology, and radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bartos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Kunte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Beumers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- Biomedical Center, Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center, Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; and
- German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
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Kuebler IRK, Jolton JA, Hermreck C, Hubbard NA, Wakabayashi KT. Contrasting dose-dependent effects of acute intravenous methamphetamine on lateral hypothalamic extracellular glucose dynamics in male and female rats. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:819-836. [PMID: 36043803 PMCID: PMC9529272 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00257.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the brain's primary energetic resource. The brain's use of glucose is dynamic, balancing delivery from the neurovasculature with local metabolism. Although glucose metabolism is known to differ in humans with and without methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), it is unknown how central glucose regulation changes with acute methamphetamine experience. Here, we determined how intravenous methamphetamine regulates extracellular glucose levels in a brain region implicated in MUD-like behavior, the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We measured extracellular LH glucose in awake adult male and female drug-naive Wistar rats using enzyme-linked amperometric glucose biosensors. Changes in LH glucose were monitored during a single session after: 1) natural nondrug stimuli (novel object presentation and a tail-touch), 2) increasing cumulative doses of intravenous methamphetamine (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg), and 3) an injection of 60 mg of glucose. We found second-scale fluctuations in LH glucose in response to natural stimuli that differed by both stimulus type and sex. Although rapid, second-scale changes in LH glucose during methamphetamine injections were variable, slow, minute-scale changes following most injections were robust and resulted in a reduction in LH glucose levels. Dose and sex differences at this timescale indicated that female rats may be more sensitive to the impact of methamphetamine on central glucose regulation. These findings suggest that the effects of MUD on healthy brain function may be linked to how methamphetamine alters extracellular glucose regulation in the LH and point to possible mechanisms by which methamphetamine influences central glucose metabolism more broadly.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Enzyme-linked glucose biosensors were used to monitor lateral hypothalamic (LH) extracellular fluctuations during nondrug stimuli and intravenous methamphetamine injections in drug-naive awake male and female rats. Second-scale glucose changes occurred after nondrug stimuli, differing by modality and sex. Robust minute-scale decreases followed most methamphetamine injections. Sex differences at the minute-scale indicate female central glucose regulation is more sensitive to methamphetamine effects. We discuss likely mechanisms underlying these fluctuations, and their implications in methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R K Kuebler
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Joshua A Jolton
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Chase Hermreck
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Nicholas A Hubbard
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Ken T Wakabayashi
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Li J, Sun M, Cui X, Li C. Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Hypothesis, Potential Targets, and Structure-Activity Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710020. [PMID: 36077418 PMCID: PMC9456554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which there is no available cure. Currently, it is generally believed that AD is a disease caused by multiple factors, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Multitarget prevention and treatment strategies for AD are recommended. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have been reported to have multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing multiple pathogenic factors of AD. Moreover, we further elaborate on the biological activities of natural flavonoids and their potential mode of action and targets in managing AD by presenting a wide range of experimental evidence. The gathered data indicate that flavonoids can be regarded as prophylactics to slow the advancement of AD or avert its onset. Different flavonoids have different activities and varying levels of activity. Further, this review summarizes the structure–activity relationship of flavonoids based on the existing literature and can provide guidance on the design and selection of flavonoids as anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
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Abstract
The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The peak of both brain bioenergetic demands and the age of onset for neurodevelopmental disorders is approximately 5 years of age. This correlation suggests that defects in the machinery that provides cellular energy would be causative and/or consequence of neurodevelopmental disorders. We explore this hypothesis from the perspective of the machinery required for the synthesis of the electron transport chain, an ATP-producing and NADH-consuming enzymatic cascade. The electron transport chain is constituted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-genome-encoded subunits. These subunits are synthesized by the 80S and the 55S ribosomes, which are segregated to the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix, correspondingly. Mitochondrial protein synthesis by the 55S ribosome is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of electron transport chain components, suggesting that mitochondrial protein synthesis is a bottleneck for tissues with high bionergetic demands. We discuss genetic defects in the human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that affect these protein synthesis machineries and cause a phenotypic spectrum spanning autism spectrum disorders to neurodegeneration during neurodevelopment. We propose that dysregulated mitochondrial protein synthesis is a chief, yet understudied, causative mechanism of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders.
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Natur S, Damri O, Agam G. The Effect of Global Warming on Complex Disorders (Mental Disorders, Primary Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159398. [PMID: 35954764 PMCID: PMC9368177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies imply a strong relationship between global warming (GW) and complex disorders. This review summarizes such reports concentrating on three disorders-mental disorders (MD), primary hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also attempt to point at potential mechanisms mediating the effect of GW on these disorders. Concerning mental disorders, immediate candidates are brain levels of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, given that heat stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which may lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and, hence, enhanced protein extravasation in the brain, this might finally cause, or exacerbate mental health. As for hypertension, since its causes are incompletely understood, the mechanism(s) by which heat exposure affects blood pressure (BP) is an open question. Since the kidneys participate in regulating blood volume and BP they are considered as a site of heat-associated disease, hence, we discuss hyperosmolarity as a potential mediator. In addition, we relate to autoimmunity, inflammation, sodium excretion, and HSP70 as risk factors that might play a role in the effect of heat on hypertension. In the case of T2D, we raise two potential mediators of the effect of exposure to ambient hot environment on the disease's incidence-brown adipose tissue metabolism and HSPs.
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The Bioactivities of Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4008991. [PMID: 35726224 PMCID: PMC9206584 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4008991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) is a linear open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophore that captures and senses light and a variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. In this paper, the biological activities of PCB are reviewed, and the related mechanism of PCB and its latest application in disease treatment are introduced. PCB can resist oxidation by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and delaying the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, PCB can also be used as an excellent anti-inflammatory agent to reduce the proinflammatory factors IL-6 and IFN-γ and to up-regulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by inhibiting the inflammatory signal pathways NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Due to the above biological activities of phycocyanobilin PCB, it is expected to become a new effective drug for treating various diseases, such as COVID-19 complications, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischaemic stroke (IS).
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39
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Interplay between metabolic energy regulation and memory pathways in Drosophila. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:539-549. [PMID: 35597687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulating energy metabolism is critical to maintain homeostasis of cellular and systemic functions. In the brain, specialised centres for energy storage regulation finely communicate with the periphery and integrate signals about internal states. As a result, the behavioural responses can be directly adjusted accordingly to the energetic demands. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, one of these regulatory centres is the mushroom bodies (MBs), a brain region involved in olfactory memory. The integration of metabolic cues by the MBs has a crucial impact on learned behaviour. In this review, we explore recent advances supporting the interplay between energy metabolism and memory establishment, as well as the instructive role of energy during the switch between memory phases.
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Terracina S, Ferraguti G, Tarani L, Messina MP, Lucarelli M, Vitali M, De Persis S, Greco A, Minni A, Polimeni A, Ceccanti M, Petrella C, Fiore M. Transgenerational Abnormalities Induced by Paternal Preconceptual Alcohol Drinking: Findings from Humans and Animal Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1158-1173. [PMID: 34720083 PMCID: PMC9886817 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211101111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation is a widespread preventable cause of neurodevelopmental impairment in newborns. While the harmful effects of gestational alcohol use have been well documented, only recently, the role of paternal preconceptual alcohol consumption (PPAC) prior to copulating has drawn specific epigenetic considerations. Data from human and animal models have demonstrated that PPAC may affect sperm function, eliciting oxidative stress. In newborns, PPAC may induce changes in behavior, cognitive functions, and emotional responses. Furthermore, PPAC may elicit neurobiological disruptions, visuospatial impairments, hyperactivity disorders, motor skill disruptions, hearing loss, endocrine, and immune alterations, reduced physical growth, placental disruptions, and metabolic alterations. Neurobiological studies on PPAC have also disclosed changes in brain function and structure by disrupting the growth factors pathways. In particular, as shown in animal model studies, PPAC alters brain nerve growth factor (NGF) and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis and release. This review shows that the crucial topic of lifelong disabilities induced by PPAC and/or gestational alcohol drinking is quite challenging at the individual, societal, and familial levels. Since a nontoxic drinking behavior before pregnancy (for both men and women), during pregnancy, and lactation cannot be established, the only suggestion for couples planning pregnancies is to completely avoid the consumption of alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, RomeItaly
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, RomeItaly
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, RomeItaly
| | | | | | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell’Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy; E-mail:
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Palombit A, Silvestri E, Volpi T, Aiello M, Cecchin D, Bertoldo A, Corbetta M. Variability of regional glucose metabolism and the topology of functional networks in the human brain. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119280. [PMID: 35525522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain consumes the most energy per relative mass amongst the organs in the human body. Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that behavioral processes are relatively inexpensive metabolically, and that most energy goes to maintaining the status quo, i.e., the balance of cell membranes' resting potentials and subthreshold spontaneous activity. Spontaneous activity fluctuates across brain regions in a correlated fashion that defines multi-scale hierarchical networks called resting-state networks (RSNs). Different regions of the brain display different metabolic consumption, but the relationship between regional brain metabolism and RSNs is still under investigation. Here, we examine the variability of glucose metabolism across brain regions, measured with the relative standard uptake value (SUVR) using 18F-FDG PET, and the topology of RSNs, measured through graph analysis applied to fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (FC). We found a moderate linear relationship between the strength (STR) of pairwise regional FC and metabolism. Moreover, the linear correlation between SUVR and STR grew stronger as we considered more connected regions (hubs). Regions connecting different RSNs, or connector hubs, showed higher SUVR than regions connecting nodes within the same RSN, or provincial hubs. Our results show that functional connections as probed by fMRI are related to glucose metabolism, especially in a system of provincial and connector hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palombit
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Volpi
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Diego Cecchin
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertoldo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) Biomedical Foundation, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Silva B, Mantha OL, Schor J, Pascual A, Plaçais PY, Pavlowsky A, Preat T. Glia fuel neurons with locally synthesized ketone bodies to sustain memory under starvation. Nat Metab 2022; 4:213-224. [PMID: 35177854 PMCID: PMC8885408 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During starvation, mammalian brains can adapt their metabolism, switching from glucose to alternative peripheral fuel sources. In the Drosophila starved brain, memory formation is subject to adaptative plasticity, but whether this adaptive plasticity relies on metabolic adaptation remains unclear. Here we show that during starvation, neurons of the fly olfactory memory centre import and use ketone bodies (KBs) as an energy substrate to sustain aversive memory formation. We identify local providers within the brain, the cortex glia, that use their own lipid store to synthesize KBs before exporting them to neurons via monocarboxylate transporters. Finally, we show that the master energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase regulates both lipid mobilization and KB export in cortex glia. Our data provide a general schema of the metabolic interactions within the brain to support memory when glucose is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryon Silva
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier L Mantha
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1069 'Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer', Tours, France
| | - Johann Schor
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Pascual
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pavlowsky
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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43
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Lin DT, Kao NJ, Cross TWL, Lee WJ, Lin SH. nEffects of ketogenic diet on cognitive functions of mice fed high-fat-high-cholesterol diet. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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44
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Majerníková N, den Dunnen WFA, Dolga AM. The Potential of Ferroptosis-Targeting Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: From Mechanism to Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:745046. [PMID: 34987375 PMCID: PMC8721139 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.745046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, currently affects 40–50 million people worldwide. Despite the extensive research into amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation (p-tau), an effective treatment to stop or slow down the progression of neurodegeneration is missing. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven type of programmed cell death, contributes to neurodegeneration in AD. Therefore, how to intervene against ferroptosis in the context of AD has become one of the questions addressed by studies aiming to develop novel therapeutic strategies. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in AD, when ferroptosis occurs in the disease course, and which ferroptosis-related genes are differentially expressed in AD remains to be established. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell mechanisms involved in ferroptosis, we discuss how these processes relate to AD, and we analyze which ferroptosis-related genes are differentially expressed in AD brain dependant on cell type, disease progression and gender. In addition, we point out the existing targets for therapeutic options to prevent ferroptosis in AD. Future studies should focus on developing new tools able to demonstrate where and when cells undergo ferroptosis in AD brain and build more translatable AD models for identifying anti-ferroptotic agents able to slow down neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nad'a Majerníková
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research Institute Brain and Cognition, Molecular Neuroscience and Aging Research (MOLAR), University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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45
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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46
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Shevelev O, Petrova M, Smolensky A, Osmonov B, Toimatov S, Kharybina T, Karbainov S, Ovchinnikov L, Vesnin S, Tarakanov A, Goryanin I. Using medical microwave radiometry for brain temperature measurements. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:881-889. [PMID: 34767961 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain temperature (BT) is a crucial physiological parameter used to monitor cerebral status. Physical activities and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) can affect BT; therefore, non-invasive BT monitoring is an important way to gain insight into TBI, stroke, and wellbeing. The effects of BT on physical performance have been studied at length. When humans are under extreme conditions, most of the energy consumed is used to maintain the BT. In addition, measuring the BT is useful for early brain diagnostics. Passive microwave radiometry (MWR) measures the intrinsic radiation of tissues in the 1-4 GHz range. It was shown that non-invasive passive MWR technology can successfully measure BT and identify even small TBIs. Here, we review the potential applications of MWR for assessing BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shevelev
- People' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Petrova
- People' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Smolensky
- Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism, Moscow, Russia
| | - Batyr Osmonov
- Educational - Scientifc Medical Center of Kyrgyz Medical Sate University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | | | - Tatyana Kharybina
- Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd, Edinburgh, UK; RTM Diagnostic LLC, Moscow, Russia; Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia; Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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47
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Xiang X, Wind K, Wiedemann T, Blume T, Shi Y, Briel N, Beyer L, Biechele G, Eckenweber F, Zatcepin A, Lammich S, Ribicic S, Tahirovic S, Willem M, Deussing M, Palleis C, Rauchmann BS, Gildehaus FJ, Lindner S, Spitz C, Franzmeier N, Baumann K, Rominger A, Bartenstein P, Ziegler S, Drzezga A, Respondek G, Buerger K, Perneczky R, Levin J, Höglinger GU, Herms J, Haass C, Brendel M. Microglial activation states drive glucose uptake and FDG-PET alterations in neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe5640. [PMID: 34644146 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used to study cerebral glucose metabolism. Here, we investigated whether the FDG-PET signal is directly influenced by microglial glucose uptake in mouse models and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Using a recently developed approach for cell sorting after FDG injection, we found that, at cellular resolution, microglia displayed higher glucose uptake than neurons and astrocytes. Alterations in microglial glucose uptake were responsible for both the FDG-PET signal decrease in Trem2-deficient mice and the FDG-PET signal increase in mouse models for amyloidosis. Thus, opposite microglial activation states determine the differential FDG uptake. Consistently, 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 21 patients with four-repeat tauopathies also exhibited a positive association between glucose uptake and microglial activity as determined by 18F-GE-180 18-kDa translocator protein PET (TSPO-PET) in preserved brain regions, indicating that the cerebral glucose uptake in humans is also strongly influenced by microglial activity. Our findings suggest that microglia activation states are responsible for FDG-PET signal alterations in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and mouse models for amyloidosis. Microglial activation states should therefore be considered when performing FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Xiang
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiedemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuan Shi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Briel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Lammich
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Ribicic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Spitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Baumann
- Roche, Pharma Research and Early Development, NORD DTA/Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 5091 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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48
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Krämer SD, Schuhmann MK, Schadt F, Israel I, Samnick S, Volkmann J, Fluri F. Changes of cerebral network activity after invasive stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region in a rat stroke model. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113884. [PMID: 34624326 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Motor deficits after stroke reflect both, focal lesion and network alterations in brain regions distant from infarction. This remote network dysfunction may be caused by aberrant signals from cortical motor regions travelling via mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) to other locomotor circuits. A method for modulating disturbed network activity is deep brain stimulation. Recently, we have shown that high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the MLR in rats has restored gait impairment after photothrombotic stroke (PTS). However, it remains elusive which cerebral regions are involved by MLR-stimulation and contribute to the improvement of locomotion. Seventeen male Wistar rats underwent photothrombotic stroke of the right sensorimotor cortex and implantation of a microelectrode into the right MLR. 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) was conducted before stroke and thereafter, on day 2 and 3 after stroke, without and with MLR-HFS, respectively. [18F]FDG-PET imaging analyses yielded a reduced glucose metabolism in the right cortico-striatal thalamic loop after PTS compared to the state before intervention. When MLR-HFS was applied after PTS, animals exhibited a significantly higher uptake of [18F]FDG in the right but not in the left cortico-striatal thalamic loop. Furthermore, MLR-HFS resulted in an elevated glucose metabolism of right-sided association cortices related to the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. These data support the concept of diaschisis i.e., of dysfunctional brain areas distant to a focal lesion and suggests that MLR-HFS can reverse remote network effects following PTS in rats which otherwise may result in chronic motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D Krämer
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences/Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabian Schadt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary PET center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary PET center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary PET center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Fluri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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49
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Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ, Panerai RB, Faraci FM. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1487-1559. [PMID: 33769101 PMCID: PMC8576366 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure; 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)]; 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans); and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the interrelationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- >National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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50
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van Aalst J, Ceccarini J, Sunaert S, Dupont P, Koole M, Van Laere K. In vivo synaptic density relates to glucose metabolism at rest in healthy subjects, but is strongly modulated by regional differences. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1978-1987. [PMID: 33444094 PMCID: PMC8327121 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20981502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and postmortem studies have suggested that regional synaptic density and glucose consumption (CMRGlc) are strongly related. However, the relation between synaptic density and cerebral glucose metabolism in the human brain has not directly been assessed in vivo. Using [11C]UCB-J binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) as indicator for synaptic density and [18F]FDG for measuring cerebral glucose consumption, we studied twenty healthy female subjects (age 29.6 ± 9.9 yrs) who underwent a single-day dual-tracer protocol (GE Signa PET-MR). Global measures of absolute and relative CMRGlc and specific binding of [11C]UCB-J were indeed highly significantly correlated (r > 0.47, p < 0.001). However, regional differences in relative [18F]FDG and [11C]UCB-J uptake were observed, with up to 19% higher [11C]UCB-J uptake in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and up to 17% higher glucose metabolism in frontal and motor-related areas and thalamus. This pattern has a considerable overlap with the brain regions showing different levels of aerobic glycolysis. Regionally varying energy demands of inhibitory and excitatory synapses at rest may also contribute to this difference. Being unaffected by astroglial and/or microglial energy demands, changes in synaptic density in the MTL may therefore be more sensitive to early detection of pathological conditions compared to changes in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- June van Aalst
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium.,Radiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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