1
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Weber JL, Mejía CH, de Jong KP, de Jongh PE. Recent advances in bifunctional synthesis gas conversion to chemicals and fuels with a comparison to monofunctional processes. Catal Sci Technol 2024; 14:4799-4842. [PMID: 39206322 PMCID: PMC11347923 DOI: 10.1039/d4cy00437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In order to meet the climate goals of the Paris Agreement and limit the potentially catastrophic consequences of climate change, we must move away from the use of fossil feedstocks for the production of chemicals and fuels. The conversion of synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide) can contribute to this. Several reactions allow to convert synthesis gas to oxygenates (such as methanol), olefins or waxes. In a consecutive step, these products can be further converted into chemicals, such as dimethyl ether, short olefins, or aromatics. Alternatively, fuels like gasoline, diesel, or kerosene can be produced. These two different steps can be combined using bifunctional catalysis for direct conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals and fuels. The synergistic effects of combining two different catalysts are discussed in terms of activity and selectivity and compared to processes based on consecutive reaction with single conversion steps. We found that bifunctional catalysis can be a strong tool for the highly selective production of dimethyl ether and gasoline with high octane numbers. In terms of selectivity bifunctional catalysis for short olefins or aromatics struggles to compete with processes consisting of single catalytic conversion steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Weber
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
| | - C Hernández Mejía
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
| | - K P de Jong
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
| | - P E de Jongh
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
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2
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Beck A, Newton MA, van de Water LGA, van Bokhoven JA. The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3-Based Catalysts. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4543-4678. [PMID: 38564235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO2 and H2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO2. As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark A Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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3
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Kordus D, Widrinna S, Timoshenko J, Lopez Luna M, Rettenmaier C, Chee SW, Ortega E, Karslioglu O, Kühl S, Roldan Cuenya B. Enhanced Methanol Synthesis from CO 2 Hydrogenation Achieved by Tuning the Cu-ZnO Interaction in ZnO/Cu 2O Nanocube Catalysts Supported on ZrO 2 and SiO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8677-8687. [PMID: 38472104 PMCID: PMC10979448 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The nature of the Cu-Zn interaction and especially the role of Zn in Cu/ZnO catalysts used for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation are still debated. Migration of Zn onto the Cu surface during reaction results in a Cu-ZnO interface, which is crucial for the catalytic activity. However, whether a Cu-Zn alloy or a Cu-ZnO structure is formed and the transformation of this interface under working conditions demand further investigation. Here, ZnO/Cu2O core-shell cubic nanoparticles with various ZnO shell thicknesses, supported on SiO2 or ZrO2 were prepared to create an intimate contact between Cu and ZnO. The evolution of the catalyst's structure and composition during and after the CO2 hydrogenation reaction were investigated by means of operando spectroscopy, diffraction, and ex situ microscopy methods. The Zn loading has a direct effect on the oxidation state of Zn, which, in turn, affects the catalytic performance. High Zn loadings, resulting in a stable ZnO catalyst shell, lead to increased methanol production when compared to Zn-free particles. Low Zn loadings, in contrast, leading to the presence of metallic Zn species during reaction, showed no significant improvement over the bare Cu particles. Therefore, our work highlights that there is a minimum content of Zn (or optimum ZnO shell thickness) needed to activate the Cu catalyst. Furthermore, in order to minimize catalyst deactivation, the Zn species must be present as ZnOx and not metallic Zn or Cu-Zn alloy, which is undesirably formed during the reaction when the precatalyst ZnO overlayer is too thin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kordus
- Department
of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Widrinna
- Department
of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janis Timoshenko
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mauricio Lopez Luna
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Rettenmaier
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Osman Karslioglu
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kühl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Koitaya T, Shiozawa Y, Yoshikura Y, Mukai K, Yoshimoto S, Yoshinobu J. Low-temperature dissociation of CO 2 molecules on vicinal Cu surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9226-9233. [PMID: 38444319 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06336d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of carbon dioxide on the vicinal Cu surfaces at low temperatures was investigated by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and quadrupole mass spectrometry. Dissociation of CO2 molecules into CO on the Cu(997) and Cu(977) surfaces was observed at temperatures between 80 K and 90 K, whereas it did not occur on Cu(111) under a similar condition. CO and physisorbed CO2 were the main adsorbates during the reaction. In contrast, the amount of atomic oxygen on the surface was small. The dissociation of CO2 was promoted by the small amount of oxygen produced by the CO2 dissociation on the Cu surfaces. This leads to the induction period in the CO2 reaction; the initial reaction rate on the clean Cu surfaces was low, and the coadsorbed oxygen enhanced the dissociation reactivity of CO2. Mass analysis of desorption species during the reaction revealed that the observed CO formation on the vicinal Cu surface is mainly caused by an oxygen-exchange reaction with residual CO in an ultra-high vacuum chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Koitaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Shiozawa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshikura
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Kozo Mukai
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Shinya Yoshimoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
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5
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Zamora B, Nyulászi L, Höltzl T. CO 2 and H 2 Activation on Zinc-Doped Copper Clusters. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300409. [PMID: 38057146 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we systematically investigate the CO2 and H2 activation and dissociation on small Cun Zn0/+ (n=3-6) clusters using Density Functional Theory. We show that Cu6 Zn is a superatom, displaying an increased HOMO-LUMO gap and is inert towards CO2 or H2 activation or dissociation. While other neutral clusters weakly activate CO2 , the cationic clusters preferentially bind the CO2 in monodentate nonactivated way. Notably, Cu4 Zn allows for the dissociation of activated CO2 , whereas larger clusters destabilize all activated CO2 binding modes. Conversely, H2 dissociation is favored on all clusters examined, except for Cu6 Zn. Cu3 Zn+ and Cu4 Zn, favor the formation of formate through the H2 dissociation pathway rather than CO2 dissociation. These findings suggest the potential of these clusters as synthetic targets and underscore their significance in the realm of CO2 hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Zamora
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111-, Budapest, Műegytem rkp 3, Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111-, Budapest, Műegytem rkp 3, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry research group, 1111-, Budapest, Műegytem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111-, Budapest, Műegytem rkp 3, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry research group, 1111-, Budapest, Műegytem rkp. 3, Hungary
- Furukawa Electric Institute of Technology, Nanomaterials Science Group, 1158, Budapest, Késmárk utca 28/A, Hungary
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6
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Zhou H, Docherty SR, Phongprueksathat N, Chen Z, Bukhtiyarov AV, Prosvirin IP, Safonova OV, Urakawa A, Copéret C, Müller CR, Fedorov A. Combining Atomic Layer Deposition with Surface Organometallic Chemistry to Enhance Atomic-Scale Interactions and Improve the Activity and Selectivity of Cu-Zn/SiO 2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanol. JACS AU 2023; 3:2536-2549. [PMID: 37772188 PMCID: PMC10523371 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of methanol via the hydrogenation of CO2, if performed efficiently and selectively, is potentially a powerful technology for CO2 mitigation. Here, we develop an active and selective Cu-Zn/SiO2 catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 by introducing copper and zinc onto dehydroxylated silica via surface organometallic chemistry and atomic layer deposition, respectively. At 230 °C and 25 bar, the optimized catalyst shows an intrinsic methanol formation rate of 4.3 g h-1 gCu-1 and selectivity to methanol of 83%, with a space-time yield of 0.073 g h-1 gcat-1 at a contact time of 0.06 s g mL-1. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Cu and Zn K-edges and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the CuZn alloy displays reactive metal support interactions; that is, it is stable under H2 atmosphere and unstable under conditions of CO2 hydrogenation, indicating that the dealloyed structure contains the sites promoting methanol synthesis. While solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies identify methoxy species as the main stable surface adsorbate, transient operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy indicates that μ-HCOO*(ZnOx) species that form on the Cu-Zn/SiO2 catalyst are hydrogenated to methanol faster than the μ-HCOO*(Cu) species that are found in the Zn-free Cu/SiO2 catalyst, supporting the role of Zn in providing a higher activity in the Cu-Zn system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua
University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Scott R. Docherty
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nat Phongprueksathat
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrey V. Bukhtiyarov
- Synchrotron
Radiation Facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute
of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | | | | | - Atsushi Urakawa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Joshi N, Loganathan S. In Situ Modification of CuO-Fe 2O 3 by Nonthermal Plasma: Insights into the CO 2-to-CH 3OH Hydrogenation Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13410-13420. [PMID: 37065016 PMCID: PMC10099434 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH on the binary mixed metal oxides of CuO-Fe2O3 under nonthermal plasma discharge has been reported in this study. The catalysts are synthesized using the sol-gel route and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XPS techniques. The impact of CuO mixing with Fe2O3 on CO2 conversion and CH3OH yield has been investigated. Herein, we have compared two distinct techniques, namely thermal and plasma catalytic processes. The overall outcome shows that the CO2 conversion and CH3OH production increase with an increase in CuO mixing with Fe2O3. The synthesized catalyst does not show significant CO2 conversion and CH3OH formation in the thermal catalytic process (100-250 °C). Interestingly, when plasma discharge is combined with thermal heating, CO2 conversion and CH3OH production significantly improve. The plasma discharges in the CO2/H2 gas stream, at low temperatures (<200 °C), reduce Cu+2 to Cu+1 and Fe+3 to Fe+2, which could probably enhance the CO2 conversion and CH3OH production. Among the catalysts prepared, 15% CuO-Fe2O3 exhibited the best catalytic activity with 13.2% CO2 conversion, 7.3% CH3OH yield, and a space-time yield of 13 mmolCH3OH/h gcat, with 4.67 kJ/L of specific input energy (SIE). The CH3OH space-time yield is 2.9-fold higher than that of the commercial catalyst Cu/ZnO/Al2O3, which is operated at 30 °C with 45.45 kJ/L SIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Joshi
- Laboratory
of Plasma Chemistry and Physics (LPCP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Sivachandiran Loganathan
- Laboratory
of Plasma Chemistry and Physics (LPCP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
- Plasma
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
and Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering & Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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8
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Yang M, Yu J, Zimina A, Sarma BB, Pandit L, Grunwaldt JD, Zhang L, Xu H, Sun J. Probing the Nature of Zinc in Copper-Zinc-Zirconium Catalysts by Operando Spectroscopies for CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216803. [PMID: 36507860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Active Zn species in Cu-based methanol synthesis catalysts have not been clearly identified yet due to their complex nature and dynamic structural changes during reactions. Herein, atomically dispersed Zn on ZrO2 support is established in Cu-based catalysts by separating Zn and Zr components from Cu (Cu-ZnZr) via the double-nozzle flame spray pyrolysis (DFSP) method. It exhibits superiority in methanol selectivity and yield compared to those with Cu-ZnO interface and isolated ZnO nanoparticles. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that the atomically dispersed Zn species are induced during the reaction due to the strengthened Zn-Zr interaction. They can suppress formate decomposition to CO and decrease the H2 dissociation energy, shifting the reaction to methanol production. This work enlightens the rational design of unique Zn species by regulating coordination environments and offers a new perspective for exploring complex interactions in multi-component catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafeng Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China.,Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bidyut Bikash Sarma
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lakshmi Pandit
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ling Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
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9
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Cannizzaro F, Hensen EJM, Filot IAW. The Promoting Role of Ni on In 2O 3 for CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. ACS Catal 2023; 13:1875-1892. [PMID: 36776383 PMCID: PMC9903295 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ni-promoted indium oxide (In2O3) is a promising catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH, but the nature of the active Ni sites remains unknown. By employing density functional theory and microkinetic modeling, we elucidate the promoting role of Ni in In2O3-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation. Three representative models have been investigated: (i) a single Ni atom doped in the In2O3(111) surface, (ii) a Ni atom adsorbed on In2O3(111), and (iii) a small cluster of eight Ni atoms adsorbed on In2O3(111). Genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to identify the optimum structure of the Ni8 clusters on the In2O3 surface. Compared to the pristine In2O3(111) surface, the Ni8-cluster model offers a lower overall barrier to oxygen vacancy formation, whereas, on both single-atom models, higher overall barriers are found. Microkinetic simulations reveal that only the supported Ni8 cluster can lead to high methanol selectivity, whereas single Ni atoms either doped in or adsorbed on the In2O3 surface mainly catalyze CO formation. Hydride species obtained by facile H2 dissociation on the Ni8 cluster are involved in the hydrogenation of adsorbed CO2 to formate intermediates and methanol. At higher temperatures, the decreasing hydride coverage shifts the selectivity to CO. On the Ni8-cluster model, the formation of methane is inhibited by high barriers associated with either direct or H-assisted CO activation. A comparison with a smaller Ni6 cluster also obtained with GAs exhibits similar barriers for key rate-limiting steps for the formation of CO, CH4, and CH3OH. Further microkinetic simulations show that this model also has appreciable selectivity to methanol at low temperatures. The formation of CO over single Ni atoms either doped in or adsorbed on the In2O3 surface takes place via a redox pathway involving the formation of oxygen vacancies and direct CO2 dissociation.
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10
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Müller A, Comas-Vives A, Copéret C. Ga and Zn increase the oxygen affinity of Cu-based catalysts for the CO x hydrogenation according to ab initio atomistic thermodynamics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13442-13458. [PMID: 36507169 PMCID: PMC9685501 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct hydrogenation of CO or CO2 to methanol, a highly vivid research area in the context of sustainable development, is typically carried out with Cu-based catalysts. Specific elements (so-called promoters) improve the catalytic performance of these systems under a broad range of reaction conditions (from pure CO to pure CO2). Some of these promoters, such as Ga and Zn, can alloy with Cu and their role remains a matter of debate. In that context, we used periodic DFT calculations on slab models and ab initio thermodynamics to evaluate both metal alloying and surface formation by considering multiple surface facets, different promoter concentrations and spatial distributions as well as adsorption of several species (O*, H*, CO* and ) for different gas phase compositions. Both Ga and Zn form an fcc-alloy with Cu due to the stronger interaction of the promoters with Cu than with themselves. While the Cu-Ga-alloy is more stable than the Cu-Zn-alloy at low promoter concentrations (<25%), further increasing the promoter concentration reverses this trend, due to the unfavoured Ga-Ga-interactions. Under CO2 hydrogenation conditions, a substantial amount of O* can adsorb onto the alloy surfaces, resulting in partial dealloying and oxidation of the promoters. Therefore, the CO2 hydrogenation conditions are actually rather oxidising for both Ga and Zn despite the large amount of H2 present in the feedstock. Thus, the growth of a GaO x /ZnO x overlayer is thermodynamically preferred under reaction conditions, enhancing CO2 adsorption, and this effect is more pronounced for the Cu-Ga-system than for the Cu-Zn-system. In contrast, under CO hydrogenation conditions, fully reduced and alloyed surfaces partially covered with H* and CO* are expected, with mixed CO/CO2 hydrogenation conditions resulting in a mixture of reduced and oxidised states. This shows that the active atmosphere tunes the preferred state of the catalyst, influencing the catalytic activity and stability, indicating that the still widespread image of a static catalyst under reaction conditions is insufficient to understand the complex interplay of processes taking place on a catalyst surface under reaction conditions, and that dynamic effects must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich 8093 Zurich Switzerland +41 44 633 93 94
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien 1060 Vienna Austria
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich 8093 Zurich Switzerland +41 44 633 93 94
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11
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Meunier FC. Hydrogenation of CO and CO2: Contributions of IR operando studies. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Shi YF, Kang PL, Shang C, Liu ZP. Methanol Synthesis from CO 2/CO Mixture on Cu-Zn Catalysts from Microkinetics-Guided Machine Learning Pathway Search. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13401-13414. [PMID: 35848119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methanol synthesis on industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts via the hydrogenation of CO and CO2 mixture, despite several decades of research, is still puzzling due to the nature of the active site and the role of CO2 in the feed gas. Herein, with the large-scale machine learning atomic simulation, we develop a microkinetics-guided machine learning pathway search to explore thousands of reaction pathways for CO2 and CO hydrogenations on thermodynamically favorable Cu-Zn surface structures, including Cu(111), Cu(211), and Zn-alloyed Cu(211) surfaces, from which the lowest energy pathways are identified. We find that Zn decorates at the step-edge at Cu(211) up to 0.22 ML under reaction conditions with the Zn-Zn dimeric sites being avoided. CO2 and CO hydrogenations occur exclusively at the step-edge of the (211) surface with up to 0.11 ML Zn coverage, where the low coverage of Zn (0.11 ML) does not much affect the reaction kinetics, but the higher coverages of Zn (0.22 ML) poison the catalyst. It is CO2 hydrogenation instead of CO hydrogenation that dominates methanol synthesis, agreeing with previous isotope experiments. While metallic steps are identified as the major active site, we show that the [-Zn-OH-Zn-] chains (cationic Zn) can grow on Cu(111) surfaces under reaction conditions, which suggests the critical role of CO in the mixed gas for reducing the cationic Zn and exposing metal sites for methanol synthesis. Our results provide a comprehensive picture on the dynamic coupling of the feed gas composition, the catalyst active site, and the reaction activity in this complex heterogeneous catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pei-Lin Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution, Shanghai 200030, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Gong J, Liu J, Yang D, Guo G, Fan J, Huang W. Cu–Zn Synergy for CO Hydrogenation to Ethanol and Methanol on CuZnO Catalysts. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Takeyasu K, Sawaki Y, Imabayashi T, Putra SEM, Halim HH, Quan J, Hamamoto Y, Hamada I, Morikawa Y, Kondo T, Fujitani T, Nakamura J. Hydrogenation of Formate Species Using Atomic Hydrogen on a Cu(111) Model Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12158-12166. [PMID: 35762507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of the CH3OH synthesis by the hydrogenation of CO2 on Cu catalysts is unclear because of the challenge in experimentally detecting reaction intermediates formed by the hydrogenation of adsorbed formate (HCOOa). Thus, the objective of this study is to clarify the reaction mechanism of the CH3OH synthesis by establishing the kinetic natures of intermediates formed by the hydrogenation of adsorbed HCOOa on Cu(111). We exposed HCOOa on Cu(111) to atomic hydrogen at low temperatures of 200-250 K and observed the species using infrared reflection absorption (IRA) spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) studies. In the IRA spectra, a new peak was observed upon the exposure of HCOOa on Cu(111) to atomic hydrogen at 200 K and was assigned to the adsorbed dioxymethylene (H2COOa) species. The intensity of the new peak gradually decreased with heating from 200 to 290 K, whereas the IR peaks representing HCOOa species increased correspondingly. In addition, small amounts of formaldehyde (HCHO), which were formed by the exposure of HCOOa species to atomic hydrogen, were detected in the TPD studies. Therefore, H2COOa is formed via hydrogenation by atomic hydrogen, which thermally decomposes at ∼250 K on Cu(111). We propose a potential diagram of the CH3OH synthesis via H2COOa from CO2 on Cu surfaces, with the aid of density functional theory calculations and literature data, in which the hydrogenation of bidentate HCOOa to H2COOa is potentially the rate-determining step and accounts for the apparent activation energy of the methanol synthesis from CO2 on Cu surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Takeyasu
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Tsukuba Research Centre for Energy and Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,R&D Center for Zero CO2 Emission with Functional Materials, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sawaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takumi Imabayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Septia Eka Marsha Putra
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harry Handoko Halim
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiamei Quan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 6, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Research Center for Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Tsukuba Research Centre for Energy and Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,R&D Center for Zero CO2 Emission with Functional Materials, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Azuma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan
| | - Junji Nakamura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Tsukuba Research Centre for Energy and Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,R&D Center for Zero CO2 Emission with Functional Materials, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. - Carbon Neutral Energy Research Center (MCI-CNRC), International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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15
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Halim H, Morikawa Y. Elucidation of Cu-Zn Surface Alloying on Cu(997) by Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:430-447. [PMID: 36855689 PMCID: PMC9955186 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Cu-Zn surface alloy has been extensively involved in the investigation of the true active site of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3, the industrial catalyst for methanol synthesis which remains under controversy. The challenge lies in capturing the interplay between the surface and reaction under operating conditions, which can be overcome given that the explicit dynamics of the system is known. To provide a better understanding of the dynamic of Cu-Zn surface at the atomic level, the structure and the formation process of the Cu-Zn surface alloy on Cu(997) were investigated by machine-learning molecular dynamics (MD). Gaussian process regression aided with on-the-fly learning was employed to build the force field used in the MD. The simulation reveals atomistic details of the alloying process, that is, the incorporation of deposited Zn adatoms to the Cu substrate. The surface alloying is found to start at upper and lower terraces near the step edge, which emphasize the role of steps and kinks in the alloying. The incorporation of Zn at the middle terrace was found at the later stage of the simulation. The rationalization of alloying behavior was performed based on statistics and barriers of various elementary events that occur during the simulation. It was observed that the alloying scheme at the upper terrace is dominated by the confinement of Zn step adatoms by other adatoms, highlighting the importance of step fluctuations in the alloying process. On the other hand, the alloying scheme at the lower terrace is dominated by direct exchange between the Zn step adatom and the Cu atom underneath. The alloying at the middle terrace is dominated by the wave deposition mechanism and deep confinement of Zn adatoms. The short propagation of alloyed Zn in the middle terrace was observed to proceed by means of indirect exchange instead of local exchange as proposed in the previous scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observation. The comparison of migration rate and activation energies to the result of STM observation is also made. We have found that at a certain distance from the surface, the STM tip significantly affects the elementary events such as vacancy formation and direct exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry
H. Halim
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan,Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8245, Japan,Research
Center for Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan,
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16
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Dalebout R, Barberis L, Totarella G, Turner SJ, La Fontaine C, de Groot FMF, Carrier X, van der Eerden AMJ, Meirer F, de Jongh PE. Insight into the Nature of the ZnO x Promoter during Methanol Synthesis. ACS Catal 2022; 12:6628-6639. [PMID: 35692251 PMCID: PMC9171830 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great commercial relevance of zinc-promoted copper catalysts for methanol synthesis, the nature of the Cu-ZnO x synergy and the nature of the active Zn-based promoter species under industrially relevant conditions are still a topic of vivid debate. Detailed characterization of the chemical speciation of any promoter under high-pressure working conditions is challenging but specifically hampered by the large fraction of Zn spectator species bound to the oxidic catalyst support. We present the use of weakly interacting graphitic carbon supports as a tool to study the active speciation of the Zn promoter phase that is in close contact with the Cu nanoparticles using time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy under working conditions. Without an oxidic support, much fewer Zn species need to be added for maximum catalyst activity. A 5-15 min exposure to 1 bar H2 at 543 K only slightly reduces the Zn(II), but exposure for several hours to 20 bar H2/CO and/or H2/CO/CO2 leads to an average Zn oxidation number of +(0.5-0.6), only slightly increasing to +0.8 in a 20 bar H2/CO2 feed. This means that most of the added Zn is in a zerovalent oxidation state during methanol synthesis conditions. The Zn average coordination number is 8, showing that this phase is not at the surface but surrounded by other metal atoms (whether Zn or Cu), and indicating that the Zn diffuses into the Cu nanoparticles under reaction conditions. The time scale of this process corresponds to that of the generally observed activation period for these catalysts. These results reveal the speciation of the relevant Zn promoter species under methanol synthesis conditions and, more generally, present the use of weakly interacting graphitic supports as an important strategy to avoid excessive spectator species, thereby allowing us to study the nature of relevant promoter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Dalebout
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Barberis
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Totarella
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Savannah J. Turner
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camille La Fontaine
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192 CEDEX, France
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Carrier
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité de Surface, UMR CNRS 7197, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75252 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Ad M. J. van der Eerden
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. de Jongh
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Amann P, Klötzer B, Degerman D, Köpfle N, Götsch T, Lömker P, Rameshan C, Ploner K, Bikaljevic D, Wang HY, Soldemo M, Shipilin M, Goodwin CM, Gladh J, Halldin Stenlid J, Börner M, Schlueter C, Nilsson A. The state of zinc in methanol synthesis over a Zn/ZnO/Cu(211) model catalyst. Science 2022; 376:603-608. [PMID: 35511988 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The active chemical state of zinc (Zn) in a zinc-copper (Zn-Cu) catalyst during carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide (CO2/CO) hydrogenation has been debated to be Zn oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, metallic Zn, or a Zn-Cu surface alloy. We used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 180 to 500 millibar to probe the nature of Zn and reaction intermediates during CO2/CO hydrogenation over Zn/ZnO/Cu(211), where the temperature is sufficiently high for the reaction to rapidly turn over, thus creating an almost adsorbate-free surface. Tuning of the grazing incidence angle makes it possible to achieve either surface or bulk sensitivity. Hydrogenation of CO2 gives preference to ZnO in the form of clusters or nanoparticles, whereas in pure CO a surface Zn-Cu alloy becomes more prominent. The results reveal a specific role of CO in the formation of the Zn-Cu surface alloy as an active phase that facilitates efficient CO2 methanol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amann
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Degerman
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Köpfle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Lömker
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Ploner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Djuro Bikaljevic
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Soldemo
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher M Goodwin
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Gladh
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mia Börner
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Schlueter
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
High-efficiency utilization of CO2 facilitates the reduction of CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere and hence the alleviation of the greenhouse effect. The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to produce value-added chemicals exhibits attractive prospects by potentially building energy recycling loops. Particularly, methanol is one of the practically important objective products, and the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to synthesize methanol has been extensively studied. In this review, we focus on some basic concepts on CO2 activation, the recent research advances in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, the development of high-performance catalysts, and microscopic insight into the reaction mechanisms. Finally, some thinking on the present research and possible future trend is presented.
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19
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Chen Q, Chen X, Ke Q. Mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on the W-doped Rh(111) surface unveiled by first-principles calculation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Schlögl R. Chemische Batterien mit CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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21
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Abstract
Efforts to obtain raw materials from CO2 by catalytic reduction as a means of combating greenhouse gas emissions are pushing the boundaries of the chemical industry. The dimensions of modern energy regimes, on the one hand, and the necessary transport and trade of globally produced renewable energy, on the other, will require the use of chemical batteries in conjunction with the local production of renewable electricity. The synthesis of methanol is an important option for chemical batteries and will, for that reason, be described here in detail. It is also shown that the necessary, robust, and fundamental understanding of processes and the material science of catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 does not yet exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische EnergiekonversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
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22
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Banivaheb S, Pitter S, Delgado KH, Rubin M, Sauer J, Dittmeyer R. Recent Progress in Direct DME Synthesis and Potential of Bifunctional Catalysts. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Banivaheb
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Karla Herrera Delgado
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Rubin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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23
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Abstract
Hydrogen production through methanol reforming processes has been stimulated over the years due to increasing interest in fuel cell technology and clean energy production. Among different types of methanol reforming, the steam reforming of methanol has attracted great interest as reformate gas stream where high concentration of hydrogen is produced with a negligible amount of carbon monoxide. In this review, recent progress of the main reforming processes of methanol towards hydrogen production is summarized. Different catalytic systems are reviewed for the steam reforming of methanol: mainly copper- and group 8–10-based catalysts, highlighting the catalytic key properties, while the promoting effect of the latter group in copper activity and selectivity is also discussed. The effect of different preparation methods, different promoters/stabilizers, and the formation mechanism is analyzed. Moreover, the integration of methanol steam reforming process and the high temperature–polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) for the development of clean energy production is discussed.
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24
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Solsona V, Morales-de la Rosa S, De Luca O, Jansma H, van der Linden B, Rudolf P, Campos-Martín JM, Borges ME, Melián-Cabrera I. Solvent Additive-Induced Deactivation of the Cu-ZnO(Al 2O 3)-Catalyzed γ-Butyrolactone Hydrogenolysis: A Rare Deactivation Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:15999-16010. [PMID: 34949902 PMCID: PMC8689444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work reports initial results on the effect of low concentrations (ppm level) of a stabilizing agent (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT) present in an off-the-shelf solvent on the catalyst performance for the hydrogenolysis of γ-butyrolactone over Cu-ZnO-based catalysts. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was employed as an alternative solvent in the hydrogenolysis of γ-butyrolactone. It was found that the Cu-ZnO catalyst performance using a reference solvent (1,4-dioxane) was good, meaning that the equilibrium conversion was achieved in 240 min, while a zero conversion was found when employing tetrahydrofuran. The deactivation was studied in more detail, arriving at the preliminary conclusion that one phenomenon seems to play a role: the poisoning effect of a solvent additive present at the ppm level (BHT) that appears to inhibit the reaction completely over a Cu-ZnO catalyst. The BHT effect was also visible over a commercial Cu-ZnO-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst but less severe than that over the Cu-ZnO catalyst. Hence, the commercial catalyst is more tolerant to the solvent additive, probably due to the higher surface area. The study illustrates the importance of solvent choice and purification for applications such as three-phase-catalyzed reactions to achieve optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Solsona
- DelftChemTech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Morales-de la Rosa
- Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie, 2 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oreste De Luca
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Jansma
- DelftChemTech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van der Linden
- DelftChemTech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José M Campos-Martín
- Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie, 2 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Emma Borges
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, University of La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, P.O. Box 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain.,Applied Photochemistry and Materials for Energy Group, University of La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, P.O. Box 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melián-Cabrera
- DelftChemTech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.,Applied Photochemistry and Materials for Energy Group, University of La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, P.O. Box 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain
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25
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Alam MI, Cheula R, Moroni G, Nardi L, Maestri M. Mechanistic and multiscale aspects of thermo-catalytic CO 2 conversion to C 1 products. Catal Sci Technol 2021; 11:6601-6629. [PMID: 34745556 PMCID: PMC8521205 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The increasing environmental concerns due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions have called for an alternate sustainable source to fulfill rising chemical and energy demands and reduce environmental problems. The thermo-catalytic activation and conversion of abundantly available CO2, a thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert molecule, can significantly pave the way to sustainably produce chemicals and fuels and mitigate the additional CO2 load. This can be done through comprehensive knowledge and understanding of catalyst behavior, reaction kinetics, and reactor design. This review aims to catalog and summarize the advances in the experimental and theoretical approaches for CO2 activation and conversion to C1 products via heterogeneous catalytic routes. To this aim, we analyze the current literature works describing experimental analyses (e.g., catalyst characterization and kinetics measurement) as well as computational studies (e.g., microkinetic modeling and first-principles calculations). The catalytic reactions of CO2 activation and conversion reviewed in detail are: (i) reverse water-gas shift (RWGS), (ii) CO2 methanation, (iii) CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, and (iv) dry reforming of methane (DRM). This review is divided into six sections. The first section provides an overview of the energy and environmental problems of our society, in which promising strategies and possible pathways to utilize anthropogenic CO2 are highlighted. In the second section, the discussion follows with the description of materials and mechanisms of the available thermo-catalytic processes for CO2 utilization. In the third section, the process of catalyst deactivation by coking is presented, and possible solutions to the problem are recommended based on experimental and theoretical literature works. In the fourth section, kinetic models are reviewed. In the fifth section, reaction technologies associated with the conversion of CO2 are described, and, finally, in the sixth section, concluding remarks and future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imteyaz Alam
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Raffaele Cheula
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroni
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Nardi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
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26
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Promotion of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on Cu2O film by ZnO nanoparticles. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Melián-Cabrera I. Catalytic Materials: Concepts To Understand the Pathway to Implementation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melián-Cabrera
- Applied Photochemistry and Materials for Energy Group, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, PO BOX 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain
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28
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Dong Z, Liu W, Zhang L, Wang S, Luo L. Structural Evolution of Cu/ZnO Catalysts during Water-Gas Shift Reaction: An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41707-41714. [PMID: 34427430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts experience significant structural evolution during the activation process and reaction conditions, which is critical to achieve a desired active surface and interface enabling efficient catalytic processes. However, such dynamic structural information and related mechanistic understandings remain largely elusive owing to the limitation of real-time capturing dynamic information under reaction conditions. Here, using in situ environment transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate the atomic-scale structural evolution of the model Cu/ZnO catalyst under relevant water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) conditions. Under a CO gas environment, Cu nanoparticles decompose into smaller Cu species and redistribute on ZnO supports with either the crystalline Cu2O or amorphous CuOx phase due to a strong CO-Cu interaction. In addition, we visualize various metal-support interactions between Cu and ZnO under reaction conditions, e.g., ZnO clusters precipitating on Cu nanoparticles, which are critical to understand active sites of Cu/ZnO as catalysts for WGSR. These in situ atomic-scale observations highlight the dynamic interplays between Cu and ZnO that can be extended to other supported metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Dong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuangbao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Langli Luo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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29
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Pandit L, Boubnov A, Behrendt G, Mockenhaupt B, Chowdhury C, Jelic J, Hansen A, Saraçi E, Ras E, Behrens M, Studt F, Grunwaldt J. Unravelling the Zn‐Cu Interaction during Activation of a Zn‐promoted Cu/MgO Model Methanol Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pandit
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Gereon Behrendt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Benjamin Mockenhaupt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Chandra Chowdhury
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Anna‐Lena Hansen
- Institute of Applied Materials (IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Erik‐Jan Ras
- Avantium Technologies B.V. 1014 BV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Malte Behrens
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts University Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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30
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Liu J, Qiao Q, Chen X, Ke Q. PdZn bimetallic nanoparticles for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: Performance and mechanism. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Göbel A, Rubio A, Lischner J. Light-Induced Charge Transfer from Transition-Metal-Doped Aluminum Clusters to Carbon Dioxide. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5878-5885. [PMID: 34190565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer between molecules and catalysts plays a critical role in determining the efficiency and yield of photochemical catalytic processes. In this paper, we study light-induced electron transfer between transition-metal-doped aluminum clusters and CO2 molecules using first-principles time-dependent density-functional theory. Specifically, we carry out calculations for a range of dopants (Zr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ni, and Cu) and find that the resulting systems fall into two categories: Cu- and Fe-doped clusters exhibit no ground-state charge transfer, weak CO2 adsorption, and light-induced electron transfer into the CO2. In all other systems, we observe ground-state electron transfer into the CO2 resulting in strong adsorption and predominantly light-induced electron back-transfer from the CO2 into the cluster. These findings pave the way toward a rational design of atomically precise aluminum photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Göbel
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Simons Foundation Flatiron Institute, New York 10010, New York, United States
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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32
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Beck A, Zabilskiy M, Newton MA, Safonova O, Willinger MG, van Bokhoven JA. Following the structure of copper-zinc-alumina across the pressure gap in carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Bao X, Behrens M, Ertl G, Fu Q, Knop-Gericke A, Lunkenbein T, Muhler M, Schmidt CM, Trunschke A. A Career in Catalysis: Robert Schlögl. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Malte Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry and Catalysis, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ertl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Schmidt
- RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Hohenzollernstraße 1-3, 45128 Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Docherty SR, Copéret C. Deciphering Metal–Oxide and Metal–Metal Interplay via Surface Organometallic Chemistry: A Case Study with CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6767-6780. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Cai X, Ke Y, Wang B, Zeng Y, Chen L, Li Y, Bai G, Yan X. Efficient catalytic amination of diols to diamines over Cu/ZnO/γ-Al2O3. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Shiotari A, Putra SEM, Shiozawa Y, Hamamoto Y, Inagaki K, Morikawa Y, Sugimoto Y, Yoshinobu J, Hamada I. Role of Intermolecular Interactions in the Catalytic Reaction of Formic Acid on Cu(111). SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008010. [PMID: 33759365 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH) can be catalytically decomposed into H2 and CO2 and is a promising hydrogen storage material. As H2 production catalysts, Cu surfaces allow selective HCOOH decarboxylation; however, the on-surface HCOOH decomposition reaction pathway remains controversial. In this study, the temperature dependence of the HCOOH/Cu(111) adsorption structures is elucidated by scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy, establishing the adsorbate chemical species using density functional theory. 2D HCOOH islands at 80 K, linear chains of HCOOH and monodentate formate at 150 K, chain-like assemblies of monodentate and bidentate formate at 200 K, and bidentate formate clusters at 300 K are observed. At each temperature, the adsorbates experience attractive interactions among themselves. Such aggregation stabilizes them against desorption and decomposition. Thus, accurate evaluation of intermolecular interactions is essential to understand catalytic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Septia Eka Marsha Putra
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shiozawa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Kouji Inagaki
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
- Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
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37
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Xie B, Kumar P, Tan TH, Esmailpour AA, Aguey-Zinsou KF, Scott J, Amal R. Doping-Mediated Metal–Support Interaction Promotion toward Light-Assisted Methanol Production over Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiao Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tze Hao Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Asghar Esmailpour
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Jason Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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38
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Golunski S, Burch R. CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Copper Catalysts: Learning from Syngas Conversion. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Halim H, Putra SEM, Muttaqien F, Hamada I, Inagaki K, Hamamoto Y, Morikawa Y. Multi-scale Simulation of Equilibrium Step Fluctuations on Cu(111) Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5183-5196. [PMID: 33681560 PMCID: PMC7931195 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of active sites is a non-trivial task, especially when the catalyst is sensitively affected by chemical reactions and environmental conditions. The challenge lies on capturing explicitly the dynamics of catalyst evolution during reactions. Despite the complexity of catalyst reconstruction, we can untangle them into several elementary processes, of which surface diffusion is of prime importance. By applying density functional theory-kinetic Monte Carlo (DFT-KMC) simulation employed with cluster expansion (CE), we investigated the microscopic mechanism of surface diffusion of Cu with defects such as steps and kinks. Based on the result, the energetics obtained from CE have shown good agreement with DFT calculations. Various diffusion events during the step fluctuations are discussed as well. Aside from the adatom attachment, the diffusion along the step edge is found to be the dominant mass transport mechanism, indicated by the lowest activation energy. We also calculated time correlation functions at 300, 400, and 500 K. However, the time exponent in the correlation function does not strictly follow the power law behavior due to the limited step length, which inhibits variation in the kink density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry
Handoko Halim
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Septia Eka Marsha Putra
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fahdzi Muttaqien
- Master
Program in Computational Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Instrumentation
and Computational Physics Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kouji Inagaki
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Research
Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School
of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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40
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Inverse ZnO/Cu catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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CO2 hydrogenation on Cu-catalysts generated from ZnII single-sites: Enhanced CH3OH selectivity compared to Cu/ZnO/Al2O3. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Ranjekar AM, Yadav GD. Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva M. Ranjekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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43
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Unravelling the Structural Modification (Meso-Nano-) of Cu/ZnO-Al2O3 Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis by the Residual NaNO3 in Hydroxycarbonate Precursors. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of residual NaNO3 on the modification of Cu/ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts have been extensively documented, but the modification mechanism is so far unclear. This work studies in detail the influence of the residual sodium nitrate present in the hydroxycarbonate precursors on their decomposition during calcination and how it affects to the formation and configuration of the final active sites of the Cu/ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts. Different samples with varying sodium content after washing (from 0.01 to 7.3 wt%) were prepared and studied in detail after calcination and reduction steps. The results of this work demonstrated that NaNO3 affects the decomposition mechanism of the hydroxycarbonate precursors during calcination and produces its decarbonation at low temperature. The enhancement of the decarbonation by NaNO3 leads to segregation and crystallization of CuO and ZnO with loss of mesostructure and surface area in the calcined catalysts. The loss of mesostructure in calcined catalysts affects the subsequent reduction step, decreasing the reducibility and damaging the nanostructure of the reduced catalysts forming large Cu particles in poor contact with ZnOx that results in a significant decrease in the intrinsic activity of the copper active sites for methanol synthesis.
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44
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Wang H, Lu J. A Review on Particle Size Effect in
Metal‐Catalyzed
Heterogeneous Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Junling Lu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS Dalian 116023 China
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45
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Laudenschleger D, Ruland H, Muhler M. Identifying the nature of the active sites in methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3 catalysts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3898. [PMID: 32753573 PMCID: PMC7403733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneously catalysed reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (syngas) to methanol is nearly 100 years old, and the standard methanol catalyst Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 has been applied for more than 50 years. Still, the nature of the Zn species on the metallic Cu0 particles (interface sites) is heavily debated. Here, we show that these Zn species are not metallic, but have a positively charged nature under industrial methanol synthesis conditions. Our kinetic results are based on a self-built high-pressure pulse unit, which allows us to inject selective reversible poisons into the syngas feed passing through a fixed-bed reactor containing an industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst under high-pressure conditions. This method allows us to perform surface-sensitive operando investigations as a function of the reaction conditions, demonstrating that the rate of methanol formation is only decreased in CO2-containing syngas mixtures when pulsing NH3 or methylamines as basic probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laudenschleger
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Holger Ruland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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46
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The Challenge of CO Hydrogenation to Methanol: Fundamental Limitations Imposed by Linear Scaling Relations. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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The unique interplay between copper and zinc during catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2409. [PMID: 32415106 PMCID: PMC7229192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of numerous works in the field of chemical valorization of carbon dioxide into methanol, the nature of high activity of Cu/ZnO catalysts, including the reaction mechanism and the structure of the catalyst active site, remains the subject of intensive debate. By using high-pressure operando techniques: steady-state isotope transient kinetic analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy, together with time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, and supported by electron microscopy and theoretical modeling, we present direct evidence that zinc formate is the principal observable reactive intermediate, which in the presence of hydrogen converts into methanol. Our results indicate that the copper–zinc alloy undergoes oxidation under reaction conditions into zinc formate, zinc oxide and metallic copper. The intimate contact between zinc and copper phases facilitates zinc formate formation and its hydrogenation by hydrogen to methanol. In spite of numerous works, the nature of high activity of Cu/ZnO catalyst in methanol synthesis remains the subject of intensive debate. Here, the authors study the carbon dioxide hydrogenation mechanism using high-pressure operando techniques which allow them to unify different, seemingly contradicting, models.
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48
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Ruland H, Song H, Laudenschleger D, Stürmer S, Schmidt S, He J, Kähler K, Muhler M, Schlögl R. CO
2
Hydrogenation with Cu/ZnO/Al
2
O
3
: A Benchmark Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Ruland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Huiqing Song
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | | | - Sascha Stürmer
- Industrial ChemistryRuhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Industrial ChemistryRuhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jiayue He
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kevin Kähler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial ChemistryRuhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
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49
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Zheng H, Narkhede N, Zhang H, Li Z. Oriented Isomorphous Substitution: An Efficient and Alternative Route to Fabricate the Zn Rich Phase Pure (Cu
1−
x
,Zn
x
)
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
Precursor Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Nilesh Narkhede
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi P. R. China
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50
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Xie B, Wong RJ, Tan TH, Higham M, Gibson EK, Decarolis D, Callison J, Aguey-Zinsou KF, Bowker M, Catlow CRA, Scott J, Amal R. Synergistic ultraviolet and visible light photo-activation enables intensified low-temperature methanol synthesis over copper/zinc oxide/alumina. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1615. [PMID: 32235859 PMCID: PMC7109065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although photoexcitation has been employed to unlock the low-temperature equilibrium regimes of thermal catalysis, mechanism underlining potential interplay between electron excitations and surface chemical processes remains elusive. Here, we report an associative zinc oxide band-gap excitation and copper plasmonic excitation that can cooperatively promote methanol-production at the copper-zinc oxide interfacial perimeter of copper/zinc oxide/alumina (CZA) catalyst. Conversely, selective excitation of individual components only leads to the promotion of carbon monoxide production. Accompanied by the variation in surface copper oxidation state and local electronic structure of zinc, electrons originating from the zinc oxide excitation and copper plasmonic excitation serve to activate surface adsorbates, catalysing key elementary processes (namely formate conversion and hydrogen molecule activation), thus providing one explanation for the observed photothermal activity. These observations give valuable insights into the key elementary processes occurring on the surface of the CZA catalyst under light-heat dual activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiao Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Roong Jien Wong
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Tze Hao Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Higham
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 1AT, UK
| | - Emma K Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Donato Decarolis
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 1AT, UK
| | - June Callison
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 1AT, UK
| | | | - Michael Bowker
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 1AT, UK
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 1AT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1 HOAJ, UK
| | - Jason Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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