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Yu Y, Chen R, Chen X, Wang J, Liu C. Regulating the bioactivity of non-glycosylated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 to enhance bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:169-180. [PMID: 38711759 PMCID: PMC11070760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is the predominant growth factor that effectively induces osteogenic differentiation in orthopedic procedures. However, the bioactivity and stability of rhBMP-2 are intrinsically associated with its sequence, structure, and storage conditions. In this study, we successfully determined the amino acid sequence and protein secondary structure model of non-glycosylated rhBMP-2 expressed by an E. coli expression system through X-ray crystal structure analysis. Furthermore, we observed that acidic storage conditions enhanced the proliferative and osteoinductive activity of rhBMP-2. Although the osteogenic activity of non-glycosylated rhBMP-2 is relatively weaker compared to glycosylated rhBMP-2; however, this discrepancy can be mitigated by incorporating exogenous chaperone molecules. Overall, such information is crucial for rationalizing the design of stabilization methods and enhancing the bioactivity of rhBMP-2, which may also be applicable to other growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanman Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xinye Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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2
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Schön A, Kwon YD, Bender MF, Freire E. Extrapolating differential scanning calorimetry data for monoclonal antibodies to low temperatures. Anal Biochem 2024; 691:115533. [PMID: 38642818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
For irreversible denaturation transitions such as those exhibited by monoclonal antibodies, differential scanning calorimetry provides the denaturation temperature, Tm, the rate of denaturation at Tm, and the activation energy at Tm. These three quantities are essential but not sufficient for an accurate extrapolation of the rate of denaturation to temperatures of 25 °C and below. We have observed that the activation energy is not constant but temperature dependent due to the existence of an activation heat capacity, Cp,a. It is shown in this paper that a model that incorporates Cp,a is able to account for previous observations like, for example, that increasing the Tm does not always improve the stability at low temperatures; that some antibodies exhibit lower stabilities at 5 °C than at 25 °C; or that low temperature stabilities do not follow the rank order derived from Tm values. Most importantly, the activation heat capacity model is able to reproduce time dependent stabilities measured by size exclusion chromatography at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael F Bender
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ernesto Freire
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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3
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Chang CY, Wang SSS, Lai YR, Koh WG, Wu JW, Chiang YH. Ophthalmic drug effects on the amyloidogenesis of a transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) peptide fragment. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109932. [PMID: 38762008 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Drugs that can treat one disease may either be detrimental or beneficial toward another due to possible cross-interactions. Therefore, care in choosing a suitable drug for patients with multiple diseases is crucial in successful patient management. This study explores several currently available ophthalmic drugs used to treat common ocular diseases to understand how they can affect the amyloidogenesis of a transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) peptide fragment found in abundance in the corneal protein aggregation deposits of lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) patients. Results from this study provided supporting evidence that some drugs intended to treat other diseases can enhance or inhibit fibrillar aggregation of TGFBIp peptide, which may have potential implication of affecting the disease progression of LCD by either worsening or ameliorating it. Comparisons of the different properties of ophthalmic compounds explored in this study may also provide some guidance for future design of drugs geared toward the treatment of LCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Steven S-S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - You-Ren Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, South Korea
| | - Josephine W Wu
- Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, 30015, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hui Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan.
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4
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Park J, Liu R, Kim AS, Cyr NN, Boehlein SK, Resende MFR, Savin DA, Bailey LS, Sumerlin BS, Hudalla GA. Sweet corn phytoglycogen dendrimers as a lyoprotectant for dry-state protein storage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38856491 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Protein biotherapeutics typically require expensive cold-chain storage to maintain their fold and function. Packaging proteins in the dry state via lyophilization can reduce these cold-chain requirements. However, formulating proteins for lyophilization often requires extensive optimization of excipients that both maintain the protein folded state during freezing and drying (i.e., "cryoprotection" and "lyoprotection"), and form a cake to carry the dehydrated protein. Here we show that sweet corn phytoglycogens, which are glucose dendrimers, can act as both a protein lyoprotectant and a cake-forming agent. Phytoglycogen (PG) dendrimers from 16 different maize sources (PG1-16) were extracted via ethanol precipitation. PG size was generally consistent at ~70-100 nm for all variants, whereas the colloidal stability in water, protein contaminant level, and maximum density of cytocompatibility varied for PG1-16. 10 mg/mL PG1, 2, 9, 13, 15, and 16 maintained the activity of various proteins, including green fluorescent protein, lysozyme, β-galactosidase, and horseradish peroxidase, over a broad range of concentrations, through multiple rounds of lyophilization. PG13 was identified as the lead excipient candidate as it demonstrated narrow dispersity, colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline, low protein contaminants, and cytocompatibility up to 10 mg/mL in NIH3T3 cell cultures. All dry protein-PG13 mixtures had a cake-like appearance and all frozen protein-PG13 mixtures had a Tg' of ~ -26°C. The lyoprotection and cake-forming properties of PG13 were density-dependent, requiring a minimum density of 5 mg/mL for maximum activity. Collectively these data establish PG dendrimers as a new class of excipient to formulate proteins in the dry state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junha Park
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Renjie Liu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Noah N Cyr
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan K Boehlein
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Du Y, Song J, Lu L, Yeung E, Givand J, Procopio A, Su Y, Hu G. Design of a Reciprocal Injection Device for Stability Studies of Parenteral Biological Drug Products. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1330-1338. [PMID: 38113997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Formulation screening, essential for assessing the impact of physical, chemical, and mechanical stresses on protein stability, plays a critical role in biologics drug product development. This research introduces a Reciprocal Injection Device (RID) designed to accelerate formulation screening by probing protein stability under intensified stress conditions within prefilled syringes. This versatile device is designed to accommodate a broad spectrum of injection parameters and diverse syringe dimensions. A commercial drug product was employed as a model monoclonal antibody formulation. Our findings effectively highlight the efficacy of the RID in assessing concentration-dependent protein stability. This device exhibits significant potential to amplify the influences of interfacial interactions, such as those with buffer salts, excipients, air, metals, and silicone oils, commonly found in combination drug products, and to evaluate the protein stability under varied stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jing Song
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Lynn Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Edward Yeung
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey Givand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Adam Procopio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States.
| | - Guangli Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States.
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6
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Thomas SP, Spinelli MM, Rghei AD, Lopes JA, Zielinska N, McLeod BM, Pei Y, Zhang W, Thebaud B, Karimi K, Wootton SK. Analysis of the impact of pluronic acid on the thermal stability and infectivity of AAV6.2FF. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38664752 PMCID: PMC11045451 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advancement of AAV vectors into clinical testing has accelerated rapidly over the past two decades. While many of the AAV vectors being utilized in clinical trials are derived from natural serotypes, engineered serotypes are progressing toward clinical translation due to their enhanced tissue tropism and immune evasive properties. However, novel AAV vectors require formulation and stability testing to determine optimal storage conditions prior to their use in a clinical setting. RESULTS Here, we evaluated the thermal stability of AAV6.2FF, a rationally engineered capsid with strong tropism for lung and muscle, in two different buffer formulations; phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or PBS supplemented with 0.001% non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F68 (PF-68). Aliquots of AAV6.2FF vector encoding the firefly luciferase reporter gene (AAV6.2FF-ffLuc) were incubated at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 55°C for varying periods of time and the impact on infectivity and particle integrity evaluated. Additionally, the impact of several rounds of freeze-thaw treatments on the infectivity of AAV6.2FF was investigated. Vector infectivity was measured by quantifying firefly luciferase expression in HEK 293 cells and AAV particle integrity was measured by qPCR quantification of encapsidated viral DNA. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that formulating AAV6.2FF in PBS containing 0.001% PF-68 leads to increased stability and particle integrity at temperatures between -20℃ to 21℃ and protection against the destructive effects of freeze-thaw. Finally, AAV6.2FF-GFP formulated in PBS supplemented with 0.001% PF-68 displayed higher transduction efficiency in vivo in murine lung epithelial cells following intranasal administration than vector buffered in PBS alone further demonstrating the beneficial properties of PF-68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia P Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marcus M Spinelli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amira D Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordyn A Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Zielinska
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Benjamin M McLeod
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bernard Thebaud
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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7
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Griffin VP, Pace S, Ogunyankin MO, Holstein M, Hung J, Dhar P. Understanding the Impact of Combined Hydrodynamic Shear and Interfacial Dilatational Stress, on Interface-Mediated Particle Formation for Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38615816 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
During biomanufacturing, several unit operations expose solutions of biologics to multiple stresses, such as hydrodynamic shear forces due to fluid flow and interfacial dilatational stresses due to mechanical agitation or bubble collapse. When these stresses individually act on proteins adsorbed to interfaces, it results in an increase in protein particles in the bulk solution, a phenomenon referred to as interface-induced protein particle formation. However, an understanding of the dominant cause, when multiple stresses are acting simultaneously or sequentially, on interface-induced protein particle formation is limited. In this work, we established a unique set-up using a peristaltic pump and a Langmuir-Pockels trough to study the impact of hydrodynamic shear stress due to pumping and interfacial dilatational stress, on protein particle formation. Our experimental results together demonstrate that for protein solutions subjected to various combinations of stress (i.e., interfacial and hydrodynamic stress in different sequences), surface pressure values during adsorption and when subjected to compression/dilatational stresses, showed no change, suggesting that the interfacial properties of the protein film are not impacted by pumping. The concentration of protein particles is an order of magnitude higher when interfacial dilatational stress is applied at the air-liquid interface, compared to solutions that are only subjected to pumping. Furthermore, the order in which these stresses are applied, have a significant impact on the concentration of protein particles measured in the bulk solution. Together, these studies conclude that for biologics exposed to multiple stresses throughout bioprocessing and manufacturing, exposure to air-liquid interfacial dilatational stress is the predominant mechanism impacting protein particle formation at the interface and in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Samantha Pace
- Department of Drug Product, Department of Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrence Township, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Maria Olu Ogunyankin
- Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Ren J, Zhang Y, Wang C. Understanding adsorption behavior of Polysorbate-20 to sterile filters in therapeutic proteins final filtration process. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3401. [PMID: 37987143 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are commonly used in the therapeutic protein manufacturing process as stabilizer. Polysorbate-20 (PS-20) is one of the most commonly used surfactants to mitigate protein aggregation in the therapeutic protein formulation. It has been observed that polysorbate can be adsorbed by sterile filters during the final filtration process, which poses risk of uneven distribution and potentially reduced polysorbate concentration in final products. In this study, we evaluated the PS-20 adsorption behavior using commonly used sterilizing-grade microfiltration (MF) membranes via a customized filtration set-up. The effect of membrane properties, including the membrane materials, modification, and layer configuration were studied. In addition, the effect of PS-20 concentration was evaluated and the PS-20 adsorption amount by each type of membranes was determined quantitatively and showed good agreement with the in-process adsorption results. Finally, the selection of sterile filters and strategy of pre-flush are discussed for ensuring accurate PS-20 content in the final therapeutic protein drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Purification Development, Operations Science & Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Analytical Development, Operations Science & Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Analytical Development, Operations Science & Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Naito H, Sumi T, Koga K. How do water-mediated interactions and osmotic second virial coefficients vary with particle size? Faraday Discuss 2024; 249:440-452. [PMID: 37791511 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine quantitatively the solute-size dependences of the effective interactions between nonpolar solutes in water and in a simple liquid. The potential w(r) of mean force and the osmotic second virial coefficients B are calculated with high accuracy from molecular dynamics simulations. As the solute diameter increases from methane's to C60's with the solute-solute and solute-solvent attractive interaction parameters fixed to those for the methane-methane and methane-water interactions, the first minimum of w(r) lowers from -1.1 to -4.7 in units of the thermal energy kT. Correspondingly, the magnitude of B (<0) increases proportional to σα with some power close to 6 or 7, which reinforces the solute-size dependence of B found earlier for a smaller range of σ [H. Naito, R. Okamoto, T. Sumi and K. Koga, J. Chem. Phys., 2022, 156, 221104]. We also demonstrate that the strength of the attractive interactions between solute and solvent molecules can qualitatively change the characteristics of the effective pair interaction between solute particles, both in water and in a simple liquid. If the solute-solvent attractive force is set to be weaker (stronger) than a threshold, the effective interaction becomes increasingly attractive (repulsive) with increasing solute size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Naito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomonari Sumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Koga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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10
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Tworek P, Rakowski K, Szota M, Lekka M, Jachimska B. Changes in Secondary Structure and Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin as a Result of Interactions with Gold Surface. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300505. [PMID: 38009440 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteins can alter their shape when interacting with a surface. This study explores how bovine serum albumin (BSA) modifies structurally when it adheres to a gold surface, depending on the protein concentration and pH. We verified that the gold surface induces significant structural modifications to the BSA molecule using circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Specifically, adsorbed molecules displayed increased levels of disordered structures and β-turns, with fewer α-helices than the native structure. MP-SPR spectroscopy demonstrated that the protein molecules preferred a planar orientation during adsorption. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the interaction between cysteines exposed to the outside of the molecule and the gold surface was vital, especially at pH=3.5. The macroscopic properties of the protein film observed by AFM and contact angles confirm the flexible nature of the protein itself. Notably, structural transformation is joined with the degree of hydration of protein layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Tworek
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Rakowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szota
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Jachimska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Hendrickx TCJ, Balcaen KDH, Baert M, Haustraete J, Lambrecht BN. Physicochemical and biological stability of diluted vedolizumab in intravenous infusion bags. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2024:ejhpharm-2023-003844. [PMID: 38212080 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous vedolizumab is a widely used monoclonal antibody for outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease. Drug preparation is performed on the day of administration, but is time consuming, causing unnecessary in-hospital patient delay and inefficient logistics for preparation and distribution. Storage of vedolizumab ready-to-administer infusions and distribution via pneumatic air tubes could streamline logistics in the outpatient setting. The aim of this study was to test the shelf life and stability of ready-to-administer intravenous infusion bags containing vedolizumab. METHODS For assessing in-use shelf life, the reconstituted product (300 mg fixed dose) was diluted to a concentration of 1.2 mg/mL in 0.9% NaCl under aseptic conditions, and stored in polyolefin infusion bags at 2-8°C prior to analysis. On replicate samples, we measured concentration, physical and chemical stability using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and multi-angle laser light scattering, as well as biological activity using a biolayer interferometry assay to study target engagement, and endotoxin content to assess microbiological stability. Stability of ready-to-use vedolizumab was assessed also after transportation via pneumatic tube system. Samples were taken at different time points over an observation period of 30 days on four replicate samples. RESULTS For all parameters assessed, the ready-to-use solution of vedolizumab remained stable over a period of at least 30 days. There were no signs of protein aggregation, chemical instability, or loss of binding of the antibody to the α4β7 integrin target. There was no increase in endotoxin concentration over time. No significant difference was seen in antibody structural stability and protein aggregation between samples before and after transportation via pneumatic tube system. CONCLUSION When prepared under aseptic conditions, dissolved ready-to-administer vedolizumab infusion bags can be stored long term at 2-8°C and transported via pneumatic air tube, without observable loss of antibody stability or binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin D H Balcaen
- Protein Synthesis Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jurgen Haustraete
- Protein Synthesis Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Qiao S, Jin H, Zuo A, Chen Y. Integration of Enzyme and Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Rational Design to Applications. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:93-105. [PMID: 38105494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing is undergoing profound transformations, among which green biomanufacturing with low energy consumption, high efficiency, and sustainability is becoming one of the major trends. However, enzymes, as the "core chip" of biomanufacturing, are often handicapped in their application by their high cost, low operational stability, and nonreusability. Immobilization of enzymes is a technology that binds or restricts enzymes in a certain area with solid materials, allows them to still carry out their unique catalytic reaction, and allows them to be recycled and reused. Compared with free enzymes, immobilized enzymes boast numerous advantages such as enhanced storage stability, ease of separation, reusability, and controlled operation. Currently, commonly used supports for enzyme immobilization (e.g., mesoporous silica, sol-gel hydrogels, and porous polymer) can effectively improve enzyme stability and reduce product inhibition. However, they still face drawbacks such as potential leaching or conformational change during immobilization and poor machining performance. Especially, most enzyme carrier solid materials possess disordered structures, inevitably introducing deficiencies such as low loading capacity, hindered mass transfer, and unclear structure-property relationships. Additionally, it remains a notable challenge to meticulously design immobilization systems tailored to the specific characteristics of enzyme/reaction. Therefore, there is a significant demand for reliable solid materials to overcome the above challenges. Crystalline porous materials, particularly covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have garnered significant interest as a promising platform for immobilizing enzymes due to their unique properties, such as their crystalline nature, high porosity, accessible active sites, versatile synthetic conditions, and tunable structure. COFs create a stabilizing microenvironment that protects enzymes from denaturation and significantly enhances reusability. Nevertheless, some challenges still remain, including difficulties in loading large enzymes, reduced enzyme activities, and the limited functionality of carriers. Therefore, it is essential to develop innovative carriers and novel strategies to broaden the methods of immobilizing enzymes, enabling their application across a more diverse array of fields.The integration of enzymes with advanced porous materials for intensified performance and diverse applications is still in its infancy, and our group has done a series of pioneering works. This Account presents a comprehensive overview of recent research progress made by our group, including (i) the development of innovative enzyme immobilization strategies utilizing COFs to make the assembly and integration of enzymes and carriers more effective; (ii) rational design and construction of functional carriers for enzyme immobilization using COFs; and (iii) extensions of immobilized enzyme applications based on COFs from industrial catalysis to biomedicine and chiral separation. The integration of enzymes with functional crystalline materials offers mutual benefits and results in a performance that surpasses what either component can achieve individually. Additionally, immobilized enzymes exhibit enhanced functionality and intriguing characteristics that differ from those of free enzymes. Consistent with our research philosophy centered on integration, platform development, and engineering application, this Account addresses the critical challenges associated with enzyme immobilization using COFs while extending the applications of COFs and proposing future design principles for biomanufacturing and enzyme industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haiqun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Along Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Li J, Wang H, Wang L, Yu D, Zhang X. Stabilization effects of saccharides in protein formulations: A review of sucrose, trehalose, cyclodextrins and dextrans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106625. [PMID: 37918545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides are a popular group of stabilizers in liquid, frozen and freeze dried protein formulations. The current work reviewed the stabilization mechanisms of three groups of saccharides: (i) Disaccharides, specifically sucrose and trehalose; (ii) cyclodextrins (CDs), a class of cyclic oligosaccharides; and (iii) dextrans, a class of polysaccharides. Compared to sucrose, trehalose exhibits a more pronounced preferential exclusion effect in liquid protein formulations, due to its stronger interaction with water molecules. However, trehalose obtains higher phase separation and crystallization propensity in frozen solutions, resulting in the loss of its stabilization function. In lyophilized formulations, sucrose has a higher crystallization propensity. Besides, its glass matrix is less homogeneous than that of trehalose, thus undermining its lyoprotectant function. Nevertheless, the hygroscopic nature of trehalose may result in high water absorption upon storage. Among all the CDs, the β form is believed to have stronger interactions with proteins than the α- and γ-CDs. However, the stabilization effect, brought about by CD-protein interactions, is case-by-case - in some examples, such interactions can promote protein destabilization. The stabilization effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has been extensively studied. Due to its amphiphilic nature, it can act as a surface-active agent in preventing interfacial stresses. Besides, it is a dual functional excipient in freeze dried formulations, acting as an amorphous bulking agent and lyoprotectant. Finally, dextrans, when combined with sucrose or trehalose, can be used to produce stable freeze dried protein formulations. A strong stabilization effect can be realized by low molecular weight dextrans. However, the terminal glucose in dextrans yields protein glycation, which warrants extra caution during formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hongyue Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Siraj S, Yameen D, Bhati S, Athar T, Khan S, Bhattacharya J, Islam A, Haque MM. Sugar osmolyte inhibits and attenuates the fibrillogenesis in RNase A: An in vitro and in silico characterizations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127378. [PMID: 37839601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of protein aggregation are of immense interest in therapeutic biology and neurodegenerative medicine. Biochemical processes within the living cell occur in a highly crowded environment. The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding affects the diffusional and conformational dynamics of proteins and modulates their folding. Macromolecular crowding is reported to cause protein aggregation in some cases, so it is a cause of concern as it leads to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders and systemic amyloidosis. To divulge the mechanism of aggregation, it is imperative to study aggregation in well-characterized model proteins in the presence of macromolecular crowder. One such protein is ribonuclease A (RNase A), which deciphers neurotoxic function in humans; therefore we decided to explore the amyloid fibrillogenesis of this thermodynamically stable protein. To elucidate the impact of crowder, dextran-70 and its monomer glucose on the aggregation profile of RNase-A various techniques such as Absorbance, Fluorescence, Fourier Transforms Infrared, Dynamic Light Scattering and circular Dichroism spectroscopies along with imaging techniques like Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy were employed. Thermal aggregation and fibrillation were further promoted by dextran-70 while glucose counteracted the effect of the crowding agent in a concentration-dependent manner. This study shows that glucose provides stability to the protein and prevents fibrillation. Intending to combat aggregation, which is the hallmark of numerous late-onset neurological disorders and systemic amyloidosis, this investigation unveils that naturally occurring osmolytes or other co-solutes can be further exploited in novel drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Siraj
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Daraksha Yameen
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Teeba Athar
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Meraj L, Mehmood N, Majeed MI, Nawaz H, Rashid N, Fatima R, Habiba UE, Tahseen H, Naz M, Asghar M, Ghafoor N, Ahmad H. Characterization of structural changes occurring in insulin at different time intervals at room temperature by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103796. [PMID: 37699467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin storage above the temperature recommended by food and drug administration (FDA) causes decrease in its functional efficacy due to degradation and aggregation of its protein based active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that results poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. The aggregation of protein causes serious neurodegenerative diseases such as type-2 diabetes, Huntington disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been employed for the denaturation study of many proteins at the temperature above the recommendations of food and drug administration (FDA) (above 30 °C) which indicates potential of technique for such studies. OBJECTIVE SERS along with multivariate discriminating analysis techniques-based analysis of degradation of liquid pharmaceutical insulin protein after regular intervals of time at room temperature to analyze the structural changes in this protein during the storage of insulin pharmaceutical at room temperature. METHODS Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) prepared by chemical reduction method are used as SERS active substrate for the surface enhancement of the insulin spectral signal. SERS spectral measurements of insulin were collected from eight different samples of insulin in the time range of 7 pm to 7 am first at fridge temperature (5 °C), second after half hour and next six with the time difference of 2 h each time at room temperature. The acquired SERS spectral data was preprocessed and analyzed. SERS structural transformations detection and discrimination potential in insulin was further confirmed by applying multivariate discriminating analysis techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial least square regression analysis (PLSR). RESULTS SERS significantly detects the structural changes produced in insulin even after 2 h of insulin placement at room temperature. PCA successfully differentiates the insulin spectral data obtained after regular intervals of time according to PC-1 (77 %) explained variance. Application of PLSR model provides quantitative confirmation of SERS efficiency, by providing insulin data regression coefficients plot, efficient prediction of time with calibration data set having 0.77 mean square absolute error of calibration (RMSAEC), validation data set with 0.80 mean square absolute error of prediction (RMSAEP) and 0.98 coefficient of determination (R2) for both calibration and validation data set. CONCLUSION SERS is proved as a highly sensitive and discriminating technique to detect and discriminate insulin structural changes after regular intervals of time at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Meraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rida Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umm E Habiba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Tahseen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maira Naz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nida Ghafoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Shen J, Zou B, Zhang L, Xu X, Wu C. Determination of the critical pH for unfolding water-soluble cod protein and its effect on encapsulation capacities. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113621. [PMID: 37986474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic polyphenols, with a variety of physiological activities, are often practically limited due to their low water solubility and chemical instability, among which curcumin (Cur) is a representative hydrophobic polyphenol. To improve Cur, the cod protein (CP)-Cur composite particles (CP-Cur) were successfully prepared using the pH-shift method, but this pH-shift method (7-12-7) required a higher pH, which limited application and increased cost. The critical pH of CP structure unfolding during pH-shift and its encapsulation effect on Cur were investigated in this paper. During the pH-shift process, the critical pH of the structural unfolding of CP was pH 10, and the degree of protein structure unfolding was higher, which was attributed to the increasing electrostatic repulsion, and the weakened hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The encapsulation efficiency of CP-Cur formed after pH 10-shift was higher than that formed after pH 9.8-shift, which increased by 22.17 %. At pH 9.8, the binding sites in CP reached saturation at the molar ratio of 10, while at pH 10 and 10.2, the binding sites in CP both reached saturation at the molar ratio of 14, also indicating that the protein treated with critical pH could bind more Cur. The binding between Cur and CP was mostly hydrophobic interaction, accompanied by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The above results verified the necessity of critical pH in the experiment, indicating that critical pH could indeed improve the encapsulation effect and obtain a higher encapsulation efficiency. This work will help improve the large-scale application of hydrophobic functional substances in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Ningjin Market Supervision Administration, Dezhou 253400, China
| | - Bowen Zou
- College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China
| | - Xianbing Xu
- College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, China.
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17
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Meleties M, Cooper BM, Marcano-James D, Bhalla AS, Shameem M. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Sterilization in the Production of Protein Therapeutics: Uptake and Effects on Product Quality. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2991-3004. [PMID: 37751805 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The aseptic filling of drug products is carried out in pharmaceutical isolators that have been sterilized. A commonly used method for achieving a high level of sterility assurance is vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) sterilization, which is favorable to other methods, such as ethylene oxide sterilization, due to its low cycle times and nontoxic residuals. While VHP cycles are often employed to create a sterile environment within an isolator, they can leave residual levels of hydrogen peroxide behind that can enter the product during fill-finish operations. Due to the oxidizing potential of hydrogen peroxide and the multiple possible sources of uptake along filling lines, the extent of the potential impact on product quality needs to be understood during pharmaceutical development. Herein, different factors affecting hydrogen peroxide uptake, points of entry along the filling line, and possible impacts on product quality are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meleties
- Formulations Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591 USA.
| | - Bailey M Cooper
- Formulations Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591 USA
| | - Daniela Marcano-James
- Formulations Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591 USA
| | - Amardeep S Bhalla
- Formulations Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591 USA
| | - Mohammed Shameem
- Formulations Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591 USA
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18
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Deng F, Wu X, Chen Y, Ma F, Shi L. Development of self-cooperative nanochaperones with enhanced activity to facilitate protein refolding. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5547-5554. [PMID: 37843027 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulating protein folding including assisting de novo folding, preventing misfolding and aggregation, and facilitating refolding of proteins are of significant importance for retaining protein's biological activities. Here, we report a mixed shell polymeric micelle (MSPM)-based self-cooperative nanochaperone (self-CO-nChap) with enhanced activity to facilitate protein refolding. This self-CO-nChap was fabricated by introducing Hsp40-mimetic artificial carriers into the traditional nanochaperone to cooperate with the Hsp70-mimetic confined hydrophobic microdomains. The artificial carrier facilitates transfer and immobilization of client proteins into confined hydrophobic microdomains, by which significantly improving self-CO-nChap's capability to inhibit unfolding and aggregation of client proteins, and finally facilitating refolding. Compared to traditional nanochaperones, the self-CO-nChap significantly enhances the thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) epicyclically under harsher conditions. Moreover, the self-CO-nChap efficiently protects misfolding-prone proteins, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody from thermal denaturation, which is hardly achieved using traditional nanochaperones. In addition, a kinetic partitioning mechanism was devised to explain how self-CO-nChap facilitates refolding by regulating the cooperative effect of kinetics between the nanochaperone and client proteins. This work provides a novel strategy for the design of protein folding regulatory materials, including nanochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
| | - Yujie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
| | - Feihe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P.R. China.
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
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Hada S, Burlakoti U, Kim KH, Han JS, Kim MJ, Kim NA, Jeong SH. A comprehensive evaluation of arginine and its derivatives as protein formulation stabilizers. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123545. [PMID: 37871869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Arginine and its derivatives (such as arginine ethyl ester and acetyl arginine) have varying degrees of protein aggregation suppressor effect across different protein solutions. To understand this performance ambiguity, we evaluated the activity of arginine, acetyl arginine, and arginine ethyl ester for aggregation suppressor effect against human intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) solution at pH 4.8. Both arginine and its cationic derivative arginine ethyl ester in their hydrochloride salt forms significantly reduced the colloidal and conformational stability (reduced kd and Tm) of IgG. Consequently, the monomer content was decreased with an increase in subvisible particulates after agitation or thermal stress. Furthermore, compared to arginine, arginine ethyl ester with one more cationic charge and hydrochloride salt form readily precipitated IgG at temperatures higher than 25 °C. On the contrary, acetyl arginine, which mostly exists in a neutral state at pH 4.8, efficiently suppressed the formation of subvisible particles retaining a high amount of monomer owing to its higher colloidal and conformational stability. Concisely, the charged state of additives significantly impacts protein stability. This study demonstrated that contrary to popular belief, arginine and its derivatives may either enhance or suppress protein aggregation depending on their net charge and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Urmila Burlakoti
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Soo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Vlachy V, Kalyuzhnyi YV, Hribar-Lee B, Dill KA. Protein Association in Solution: Statistical Mechanical Modeling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1703. [PMID: 38136574 PMCID: PMC10742237 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein molecules associate in solution, often in clusters beyond pairwise, leading to liquid phase separations and high viscosities. It is often impractical to study these multi-protein systems by atomistic computer simulations, particularly in multi-component solvents. Instead, their forces and states can be studied by liquid state statistical mechanics. However, past such approaches, such as the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, were limited to modeling proteins as spheres, and contained no microscopic structure-property relations. Recently, this limitation has been partly overcome by bringing the powerful Wertheim theory of associating molecules to bear on protein association equilibria. Here, we review these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojko Vlachy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Barbara Hribar-Lee
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ken A. Dill
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11790, USA
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21
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Bertolini S, Delcorte A. Unraveling the Molecular Dynamics of Glucose Oxidase Desorption Induced by Argon Cluster Collision. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9074-9081. [PMID: 37820349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The bombardment of a protein multilayer target by an energetic argon cluster ion beam enables protein transfer onto a collector in the vacuum while preserving their bioactivity (iBEAM method). In parallel to this new soft-landing variant, protein transfer in the gas phase is a prerequisite for their characterization by mass spectrometry. The successful transfer of bioactive lysozymes (14 kDa) by cluster-induced soft landing and its mechanistic explanation by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have sparked an important inquiry: Can heavier biomolecules be desorbed while maintaining their tridimensional structure and hence their bioactivity? To address this question, we employed MD simulations using a reactive force field (ReaxFF). Specifically, the Ar cluster-induced desorption of glucose oxidase from either a gold substrate or a lysozyme underlayer was modeled using the LAMMPS code. First, the force field parameters were trained by computing the dissociation energetics of a series of organic molecules with ReaxFF and DFT, in order to realistically describe N-S and O-S interactions in the bombarded glucose oxidase molecule. Second, bombardment simulations investigated the effects of cluster size (ranging from 1000 to 10000 Ar atoms) and kinetic energy (1.5 and 3.0 eV/atom) on the structural features and energetics of the desorbing glucose oxidase. Our results show that large argon clusters (≥7000) are needed to desorb glucose oxidase from a gold surface, yet protein fragmentation and/or pronounced denaturation occur. However, the transfer of structurally preserved glucose oxidase in the gas phase is predicted by the simulations when an organic layer is used as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertolini
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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22
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Pang KT, Yang YS, Zhang W, Ho YS, Sormanni P, Michaels TCT, Walsh I, Chia S. Understanding and controlling the molecular mechanisms of protein aggregation in mAb therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108192. [PMID: 37290583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In antibody development and manufacturing, protein aggregation is a common challenge that can lead to serious efficacy and safety issues. To mitigate this problem, it is important to investigate its molecular origins. This review discusses (1) our current molecular understanding and theoretical models of antibody aggregation, (2) how various stress conditions related to antibody upstream and downstream bioprocesses can trigger aggregation, and (3) current mitigation strategies employed towards inhibiting aggregation. We discuss the relevance of the aggregation phenomenon in the context of novel antibody modalities and highlight how in silico approaches can be exploited to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Yuan Sheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Chemistry of Health, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Sean Chia
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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23
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Rajoub N, Gerard CJJ, Pantuso E, Fontananova E, Caliandro R, Belviso BD, Curcio E, Nicoletta FP, Pullen J, Chen W, Heng JYY, Ruane S, Liddell J, Alvey N, Ter Horst JH, Di Profio G. A workflow for the development of template-assisted membrane crystallization downstream processing for monoclonal antibody purification. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2998-3049. [PMID: 37697106 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used biologic drugs for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 and various cancers. They are produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and are purified via a number of complex and expensive chromatography-based steps, operated in batch mode, that rely heavily on protein A resin. The major drawback of conventional procedures is the high cost of the adsorption media and the extensive use of chemicals for the regeneration of the chromatographic columns, with an environmental cost. We have shown that conventional protein A chromatography can be replaced with a single crystallization step and gram-scale production can be achieved in continuous flow using the template-assisted membrane crystallization process. The templates are embedded in a membrane (e.g., porous polyvinylidene fluoride with a layer of polymerized polyvinyl alcohol) and serve as nucleants for crystallization. mAbs are flexible proteins that are difficult to crystallize, so it can be challenging to determine the optimal conditions for crystallization. The objective of this protocol is to establish a systematic and flexible approach for the design of a robust, economic and sustainable mAb purification platform to replace at least the protein A affinity stage in traditional chromatography-based purification platforms. The procedure provides details on how to establish the optimal parameters for separation (crystallization conditions, choice of templates, choice of membrane) and advice on analytical and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazer Rajoub
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charline J J Gerard
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fiore P Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Rende, Italy
| | - James Pullen
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, UK
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Ruane
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | - John Liddell
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | | | - Joop H Ter Horst
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy.
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24
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Li J, Sonje J, Suryanarayanan R. Role of Poloxamer 188 in Preventing Ice-Surface-Induced Protein Destabilization during Freeze-Thawing. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4587-4596. [PMID: 37535010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior of poloxamer 188 (P188) in aqueous solutions, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron X-ray diffractometry, revealed solute crystallization during both freezing and thawing. Sucrose and trehalose inhibited P188 crystallization during freeze-thawing (FT). While trehalose inhibited P188 crystallization only during cooling, sucrose completely suppressed P188 crystallization during both cooling and heating. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) served as a model protein to evaluate the stabilizing effect of P188. The ability of P188, over a concentration range of 0.003-0.800% w/v, to prevent LDH (10 μg/mL) destabilization was evaluated. After five FT cycles, the aggregation behavior (by dynamic light scattering) and activity recovery were evaluated. While LDH alone was sensitive to interfacial stress, P188 at concentrations of ≥0.100% w/v stabilized the protein. However, as the surfactant concentration decreased, protein aggregation after FT increased. The addition of sugar (1.0% w/v; sucrose or trehalose) improved the stabilizing function of P188 at lower concentrations (≤0.010% w/v), possibly due to the inhibition of surfactant crystallization. Based on a comparison with the stabilization effect of polysorbate (both 20 and 80), it was evident that P188 could be a promising alternative surfactant in frozen protein formulations. However, when the surfactant concentration is low, the potential for P188 crystallization and the consequent compromise in its functionality warrant careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jayesh Sonje
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Wei W, Hogues H, Sulea T. Comparative Performance of High-Throughput Methods for Protein p Ka Predictions. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5169-5181. [PMID: 37549424 PMCID: PMC10466379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The medically relevant field of protein-based therapeutics has triggered a demand for protein engineering in different pH environments of biological relevance. In silico engineering workflows typically employ high-throughput screening campaigns that require evaluating large sets of protein residues and point mutations by fast yet accurate computational algorithms. While several high-throughput pKa prediction methods exist, their accuracies are unclear due to the lack of a current comprehensive benchmarking. Here, seven fast, efficient, and accessible approaches including PROPKA3, DeepKa, PKAI, PKAI+, DelPhiPKa, MCCE2, and H++ were systematically tested on a nonredundant subset of 408 measured protein residue pKa shifts from the pKa database (PKAD). While no method outperformed the null hypotheses with confidence, as illustrated by statistical bootstrapping, DeepKa, PKAI+, PROPKA3, and H++ had utility. More specifically, DeepKa consistently performed well in tests across multiple and individual amino acid residue types, as reflected by lower errors, higher correlations, and improved classifications. Arithmetic averaging of the best empirical predictors into simple consensuses improved overall transferability and accuracy up to a root-mean-square error of 0.76 pKa units and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.45 to experimental pKa shifts. This analysis should provide a basis for further methodological developments and guide future applications, which require embedding of computationally inexpensive pKa prediction methods, such as the optimization of antibodies for pH-dependent antigen binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlei Wei
- Human Health Therapeutics
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Hervé Hogues
- Human Health Therapeutics
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Traian Sulea
- Human Health Therapeutics
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
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26
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Wong B, Zhao X, Su Y, Ouyang H, Rhodes T, Xu W, Xi H, Fu D. Characterizing Silicone Oil-Induced Protein Aggregation with Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4268-4276. [PMID: 37382286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Particles in biopharmaceutical products present high risks due to their detrimental impacts on product quality and safety. Identification and quantification of particles in drug products are important to understand particle formation mechanisms, which can help develop control strategies for particle formation during the formulation development and manufacturing process. However, existing analytical techniques such as microflow imaging and light obscuration measurement lack the sensitivity and resolution to detect particles with sizes smaller than 2 μm. More importantly, these techniques are not able to provide chemical information to determine particle composition. In this work, we overcome these challenges by applying the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy technique to monitor the C-H Raman stretching modes of the proteinaceous particles and silicone oil droplets formed in the prefilled syringe barrel. By comparing the relative signal intensity and spectral features of each component, most particles can be classified as protein-silicone oil aggregates. We further show that morphological features are poor indicators of particle composition. Our method has the capability to quantify aggregation in protein therapeutics with chemical and spatial information in a label-free manner, potentially allowing high throughput screening or investigation of aggregation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xi Zhao
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
- Sterile and Specialty Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hanlin Ouyang
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hanmi Xi
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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27
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Barik S, Mahapatra A, Preeyanka N, Sarkar M. Assessing the impact of choline chloride and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride-based deep eutectic solvents on the structure and conformational dynamics of bovine serum albumin: a combined steady-state, time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence correlation spectroscopic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:20093-20108. [PMID: 37462948 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Although deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are regarded as useful substitutes for both ionic liquids and common organic solvents for storage and applications of biomolecules, it is still unclear whether all DESs or only specific types of DESs will be suitable for the said purpose. In view of this, the current study aims to report on the structure and conformational dynamics of BSA in the presence of two DESs, namely ethaline (choline chloride:ethylene glycol) and BMEG (benzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride:ethylene glycol), having the same hydrogen bond donor but with a distinct hydrogen bond acceptor, so that how small changes in one constituent of a DES alter the protein-DES interaction at the molecular level can be understood. The protein-DES interaction is investigated by exploiting both ensemble-averaged measurements like steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and single-molecule sensitive techniques based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Interestingly, the results obtained from these studies have demonstrated that while a very small quantity of BMEG completely unfolds the native structure of the protein, it remains in a partially unfolded state even at very high ethaline content. More interestingly, it has been found that at very high concentrations of BMEG, the unfolded protein undergoes enhanced protein-protein interaction resulting in the aggregation of BSA. All of the results obtained from these investigations have essentially suggested that both protein-DES interaction and interspecies interaction among the constituent of DESs play a crucial role in governing the overall stability and conformational dynamics of the protein in DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadev Barik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India.
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Science (CIS), NISER, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Amita Mahapatra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India.
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Science (CIS), NISER, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Naupada Preeyanka
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India.
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Science (CIS), NISER, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India.
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Science (CIS), NISER, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
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28
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Hishida M, Kaneko A, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Contrasting Changes in Strongly and Weakly Bound Hydration Water of a Protein upon Denaturation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6296-6305. [PMID: 37417885 PMCID: PMC10364084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Water is considered integral for the stabilization and function of proteins, which has recently attracted significant attention. However, the microscopic aspects of water ranging up to the second hydration shell, including strongly and weakly bound water at the sub-nanometer scale, are not yet well understood. Here, we combined terahertz spectroscopy, thermal measurements, and infrared spectroscopy to clarify how the strongly and weakly bound hydration water changes upon protein denaturation. With denaturation, that is, the exposure of hydrophobic groups in water and entanglement of hydrophilic groups, the number of strongly bound hydration water decreased, while the number of weakly bound hydration water increased. Even though the constraint of water due to hydrophobic hydration is weak, it extends to the second hydration shell as it is caused by the strengthening of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, which is likely the key microscopic mechanism for the destabilization of the native state due to hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafumi Hishida
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaneko
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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29
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Brosig S, Cucuzza S, Serno T, Bechtold-Peters K, Buecheler J, Zivec M, Germershaus O, Gallou F. Not the Usual Suspects: Alternative Surfactants for Biopharmaceuticals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37450418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically relevant proteins naturally adsorb to interfaces, causing aggregation which in turn potentially leads to numerous adverse consequences such as loss of activity or unwanted immunogenic reactions. Surfactants are ubiquitously used in biotherapeutics drug development to oppose interfacial stress, yet, the choice of the surfactant is extremely limited: to date, only polysorbates (PS20/80) and poloxamer 188 are used in commercial products. However, both surfactant families suffer from severe degradation and impurities of the raw material, which frequently increases the risk of particle generation, chemical protein degradation, and potential adverse immune reactions. Herein, we assessed a total of 40 suitable alternative surfactant candidates and subsequently performed a selection through a three-gate screening process employing four protein modalities encompassing six different formulations. The screening is based on short-term agitation-induced aggregation studies coupled to particle analysis and surface tension characterization, followed by long-term quiescence stability studies connected to protein purity measurements and particle analysis. The study concludes by assessing the surfactant's chemical and enzymatic degradation propensity. The candidates emerging from the screening are de novo α-tocopherol-derivatives named VEDG-2.2 and VEDS, produced ad hoc for this study. They display protein stabilization potential comparable or better than polysorbates together with an increased resistance to chemical and enzymatic degradation, thus representing valuable alternative surfactants for biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brosig
- Novartis Pharma AG, GDD, TRD Biologics & CGT, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Cucuzza
- Novartis Pharma AG, GDD, TRD Biologics & CGT, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Tim Serno
- Novartis Pharma AG, GDD, TRD Biologics & CGT, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Jakob Buecheler
- Novartis Pharma AG, GDD, TRD Biologics & CGT, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Matej Zivec
- Novartis Pharma AG, GDD, TRD Biologics & CGT, Menges 1234, Slovenia
| | - Oliver Germershaus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz 4132, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Novartis Pharma AG, GDD, CHAD, Basel CH-4057, Switzerland
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30
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Mieczkowski CA. The Evolution of Commercial Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1801-1810. [PMID: 37037341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been nearly four decades since the first therapeutic monoclonal antibodies were approved and made available for widespread human use. Herein, US and EU approved antibody formulations are reviewed, and their nature and compositions are evaluated over time. From 1986 through Jan 2023, significant formulation trends have occurred and to represent this, 165 commercial antibody therapeutic formulations were binned into 5 different periods of time. Overall, we have observed the following: 1) The average formulation pH has decreased in recent years by over 0.5 units along with a decrease in variability that is largely driven by non-high concentration liquid in vial presentations for IV administration, 2) The use of certain excipients and buffers such as histidine, sucrose, metal chelators, arginine and methionine has become significantly more common, whereas formulations that contain phosphate, salt, no sugar or no surfactant have fallen out of favor, 3) Overall formulation space has increasingly become more homogenous and has converged in terms of formulation pH and excipient preferences regardless of formulation concentration, drug product presentation, and route of administration, 4) The average calculated isoelectric point (pI) has decreased 0.26 units, and 5) Overall, the average formulation pH and calculated pI for all commercial antibodies surveyed was 6.0 and 8.4, respectively. These trends and formulation convergence may be driven by multiple factors such as advancements in high-throughput computational and analytical technologies, the increased emphasis and understanding of certain developability attributes and formulation principles during lead selection and formulation development, and the adoption of low-risk development platform approaches.
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31
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Bajoria S, Antunez LR, Kumru OS, Klempner M, Wang Y, Cavacini LA, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Formulation Studies to Develop Low-Cost, Orally-Delivered Secretory IgA Monoclonal Antibodies for Passive Immunization Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1832-1844. [PMID: 37040833 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause for diarrheal infections in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To date, no ETEC vaccine candidates have been approved. Passive immunization with low-cost, oral formulations of secretory IgA (sIgA) against ETEC is an alternative approach to protect high-risk populations in LMICs. Using a model sIgA monoclonal antibody (anti-LT sIgA2-mAb), the stability profiles of different formulations were assessed during storage and in in vitro digestion models (mimicking in vivo oral delivery). First, by employing various physicochemical techniques and a LT-antigen binding assay, three formulations with varying acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) were evaluated to stabilize sIgA2-mAb during stress studies (freeze-thaw, agitation, elevated temperature) and during exposure to gastric phase digestion. Next, a low-volume, in vitro intestinal digestion model was developed to screen various additives to stabilize sIgA2-mAb in the intestinal phase. Finally, combinations of high ANC buffers and decoy proteins were assessed to collectively protect sIgA2-mAb during in vitro sequential (stomach to intestine) digestion. Based on the results, we demonstrate the feasibility of low-cost, 'single-vial', liquid formulations of sIgA-mAbs delivered orally after infant feeding for passive immunization, and we suggest future work based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo stability considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lorena R Antunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mark Klempner
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Lisa A Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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32
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Peng H, Wang J, Chen J, Peng Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Kaplan DL, Wang Q. Challenges and opportunities in delivering oral peptides and proteins. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1349-1369. [PMID: 37450427 PMCID: PMC10990675 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2237408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid advances in bioengineering enable the use of complex proteins as therapeutic agents to treat diseases. Compared with conventional small molecule drugs, proteins have multiple advantages, including high bioactivity and specificity with low toxicity. Developing oral dosage forms with active proteins is a route to improve patient compliance and significantly reduce production costs. However, the gastrointestinal environment remains a challenge to this delivery path due to enzymatic degradation, low permeability, and weak absorption, leading to reduced delivery efficiency and poor clinical outcomes. AREAS COVERED This review describes the barriers to oral delivery of peptides and complex proteins, current oral delivery strategies utilized and the opportunities and challenges ahead to try and circumvent these barriers. Oral protein drugs on the market and clinical trials provide insights and approaches for advancing delivery strategies. EXPERT OPINION Although most current studies on oral protein delivery rely on in vitro and in vivo animal data, the safety and limitations of the approach in humans remain uncertain. The shortage of clinical data limits the development of new or alternative strategies. Therefore, designing appropriate oral delivery strategies remains a significant challenge and requires new ideas, innovative design strategies and novel model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jiahe Wang
- Department of Humanities, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxian Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Sion E, Ab-Rahim S, Muhamad M. Trends on Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles (HuNoV-VLPs) and Strategies for the Construction of Infectious Viral Clones toward In Vitro Replication. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1447. [PMID: 37511822 PMCID: PMC10381778 DOI: 10.3390/life13071447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks and sporadic cases in developing countries are attributable to infection by human norovirus (HuNoV), the enteric virus mainly transmitted via fecal-contaminated water. However, it has been challenging to study HuNoV due to the lack of suitable systems to cultivate and replicate the virus, hindering the development of treatments and vaccines. Researchers have been using virus-like particles (VLPs) and infectious viral clones to overcome this challenge as alternatives to fresh virus isolates in various in vitro and ex vivo models. VLPs are multiprotein structures that mimic the wild-type virus but cannot replicate in host cells due to the lack of genetic materials for replication, limiting downstream analysis of the virus life cycle and pathogenesis. The development of in vitro cloning systems has shown promise for HuNoV replication studies. This review discusses the approaches for constructing HuNoV-VLPs and infectious viral clones, the techniques involved, and the challenges faced. It also highlights the relationship between viral genes and their protein products and provides a perspective on technical considerations for producing efficient HuNoV-VLPs and infectious viral clones, which could substitute for native human noroviruses in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Sion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mudiana Muhamad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pan L, Liu X, Fan D, Qian Z, Sun X, Wu P, Zhong L. Study of Oncolytic Virus Preservation and Formulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:843. [PMID: 37375789 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as an effective means of treating cancer. OVs have multiple oncotherapeutic functions including specifically infecting and lysing tumor cells, initiating immune cell death, attacking and destroying tumor angiogenesis and triggering a broad bystander effect. Oncolytic viruses have been used in clinical trials and clinical treatment as drugs for cancer therapy, and as a result, oncolytic viruses are required to have long-term storage stability for clinical use. In the clinical application of oncolytic viruses, formulation design plays a decisive role in the stability of the virus. Therefore, this paper reviews the degradation factors and their degradation mechanisms (pH, thermal stress, freeze-thaw damage, surface adsorption, oxidation, etc.) faced by oncolytic viruses during storage, and it discusses how to rationally add excipients for the degradation mechanisms to achieve the purpose of maintaining the long-term stability of oncolytic viral activity. Finally, the formulation strategies for the long-term formulation stability of oncolytic viruses are discussed in terms of buffers, permeation agents, cryoprotectants, surfactants, free radical scavengers, and bulking agent based on virus degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dianfa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhangbo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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35
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Bai L, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Lu Y, Li Z, Huang G, Meng B. Investigation of excipients impact on polysorbate 80 degradation in biopharmaceutical formulation buffers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115496. [PMID: 37285658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study on the polysorbate 80 stability in various formulation buffers commonly used in biopharmaceuticals was performed, to investigate the excipients influence on polysorbate 80 degradation. Polysorbate 80 is a common excipient in biopharmaceutical products. However, its degradation will potentially impact the drug product quality, and may trigger protein aggregation and particles formation. Due to the heterogeneity of the polysorbates and the mutual effects with other formulation compositions, the study of polysorbate degradation is challenging. Herein, a real-time stability study was designed and performed. The polysorbate 80 degradation trend was monitored by fluorescence micelle-based assay (FMA), reversed-phase-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (RP-UPLC-ELSD) assay, and LC-MS assay. These assays provide orthogonal results to reveal both the micelle-forming capability and the compositional changes of polysorbate 80 in different buffer systems. The degradation occurred after a period of storage under 25 °C in different trend, which indicates the excipients could impact the degradation kinetics. Upon comparison, the degradation is prone to happen in histidine buffer than in acetate, phosphate or citrate buffers. LC-MS confirms oxidation as an independent degradation pathway with detection of the oxidative aldehyde. Thus, it is necessary to pay more attention to the excipients selection and their potential impact on polysorbate 80 stability to achieve longer shelf life for the biopharmaceuticals. Besides, the protective roles of several additives were figured out, which could be applied as potential industrial solutions to the polysorbate 80 degradation issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Yanlan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China.
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36
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Wang L, Dekker M, Heising J, Zhao L, Fogliano V. Food matrix design can influence the antimicrobial activity in the food systems: A narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37154045 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2205937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are safe preservatives having the ability to protect foods from microbial spoilage and extend their shelf life. Many factors, including antimicrobials' chemical features, storage environments, delivery methods, and diffusion in foods, can affect their antimicrobial activities. The physical-chemical characteristics of the food itself play an important role in determining the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in foods; however the mechanisms behind it have not been fully explored. This review provides new insights and comprehensive knowledge regarding the impacts of the food matrix, including the food components and food (micro)structures, on the activities of antimicrobial agents. Studies of the last 10 years regarding the influences of the food structure on the effects of antimicrobial agents against the microorganisms' growth were summarized. The mechanisms underpinning the loss of the antimicrobial agents' activity in foods are proposed. Finally, some strategies/technologies to improve the protection of antimicrobial agents in specific food categories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Heising
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Zhang C, Bye JW, Lui LH, Zhang H, Hales J, Brocchini S, Curtis RA, Dalby PA. Enhanced Thermal Stability and Reduced Aggregation in an Antibody Fab Fragment at Elevated Concentrations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2650-2661. [PMID: 37040431 PMCID: PMC10155210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of protein therapeutics such as antibodies remains a major challenge in the biopharmaceutical industry. The present study aimed to characterize the impact of the protein concentration on the mechanisms and potential pathways for aggregation, using the antibody Fab fragment A33 as the model protein. Aggregation kinetics were determined for 0.05 to 100 mg/mL Fab A33, at 65 °C. A surprising trend was observed whereby increasing the concentration decreased the relative aggregation rate, ln(v) (% day-1), from 8.5 at 0.05 mg/mL to 4.4 at 100 mg/mL. The absolute aggregation rate (mol L-1 h-1) increased with the concentration following a rate order of approximately 1 up to a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Above this concentration, there was a transition to an apparently negative rate order of -1.1 up to 100 mg/mL. Several potential mechanisms were examined as possible explanations. A greater apparent conformational stability at 100 mg/mL was observed from an increase in the thermal transition midpoint (Tm) by 7-9 °C, relative to those at 1-4 mg/mL. The associated change in unfolding entropy (△Svh) also increased by 14-18% at 25-100 mg/mL, relative to those at 1-4 mg/mL, indicating reduced conformational flexibility in the native ensemble. Addition of Tween or the crowding agents Ficoll and dextran, showed that neither surface adsorption, diffusion limitations nor simple volume crowding affected the aggregation rate. Fitting of kinetic data to a wide range of mechanistic models implied a reversible two-state conformational switch mechanism from aggregation-prone monomers (N*) into non-aggregating native forms (N) at higher concentrations. kD measurements from DLS data also suggested a weak self-attraction while remaining colloidally stable, consistent with macromolecular self-crowding within weakly associated reversible oligomers. Such a model is also consistent with compaction of the native ensemble observed through changes in Tm and △Svh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Jordan W Bye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Lok H Lui
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - John Hales
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Robin A Curtis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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38
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Rembert KB, Zhang J, Lee YJ. Effects of Salts and Surface Charge on the Biophysical Stability of a Low pI Monoclonal Antibody. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:947-953. [PMID: 36395898 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of five representative Hofmeister salts (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, and NaSCN) on the thermal stability and aggregation kinetics of a slightly acidic monoclonal antibody (mAb) were investigated under different pH conditions. The thermal stability of the mAb was assessed by measuring the lowest unfolding transition temperature, Tm, with differential scanning fluorimetry. MgCl2 and NaSCN significantly decreased Tm at all three charged states of the mAb, but to the greatest extent when the mAb surface charge was net positive. Non-native aggregation kinetics was monitored by measuring Rayleigh light scattering. When the mAb surface charge was net positive or net neutral, the nucleation rate increased non-monotonically with MgCl2 and NaSCN but decreased monotonically with NaCl, KCl, and Na2SO4. By contrast, when the mAb surface was negatively charged, there were only minor changes in the nucleation rate with all salts tested. Furthermore, there was less structural perturbation and slower aggregation rates when the mAb was net negatively charged than when it was net neutrally or positively charged. The observed salt effects on thermal unfolding are consistent with ion-specific mechanisms dominated by short-range amide backbone binding. On the other hand, the salt effects on nucleation rates appear to be influenced by both amide backbone binding and long-range electrostatic binding of ions to charged amino acid side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin B Rembert
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Drug Delivery and Device Development, Medimmune-AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
| | - Young Jong Lee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States.
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Västberg A, Bolinsson H, Leeman M, Nilsson L, Nylander T, Sejwal K, Sintorn IM, Lidayova K, Sjögren H, Wahlgren M, Elofsson U. Investigating Thermally Induced Aggregation of Somatropin- New Insights Using Orthogonal Techniques. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122829. [PMID: 36948472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Three orthogonal techniques were used to provide new insights into thermally induced aggregation of the therapeutic protein Somatropin at pH 5.8 and 7.0. The techniques were Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Asymmetric Flow-Field Flow-Fractionation (AF4), and the TEM-based analysis system MiniTEM™. In addition, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the thermal unfolding and stability. DSC and DLS were used to explain the initial aggregation process and aggregation rate at the two pH values. The results suggest that electrostatic stabilization seems to be the main reason for the faster initial aggregation at pH 5.8, i.e., closer to the isoelectric point of Somatropin. AF4 and MiniTEM were used to investigate the aggregation pathway further. Combining the results allowed us to demonstrate Somatropin's thermal aggregation pathway at pH 7.0. The growth of the aggregates appears to follow two steps. Smaller elongated aggregates are formed in the first step, possibly initiated by partly unfolded species. In the second step, occurring during longer heating, the smaller aggregates assemble into larger aggregates with more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Västberg
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 61B, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Bolinsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Nilsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie Wahlgren
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla Elofsson
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 61B, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Takano M, Inoue M, Ikeda Y, Kage H, Inokawa T, Nakadate K, Yasu T, Tsuda Y, Goto K. SEM Observation of the Filter after Administration of Blinatumomab: A Possibility of Leakage during Home Administration Using a Portable Infusion Pump. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065729. [PMID: 36982821 PMCID: PMC10052184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blinatumomab (Blincyto® injection solution) is classified as a bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibody and is intended for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It requires continuous infusion to maintain therapeutic levels. Therefore, it is often administered at home. Monoclonal antibodies, which are administered intravenously, have the potential to leak depending on the nature of the administration devices. Therefore, we investigated device-associated causes of blinatumomab leakage. We observed no apparent changes to the filter and its materials after exposure to the injection solution and surfactant. From scanning electron microscopic images, precipitate on the surface of the filters was observed after physical stimulation of the injection solution. Therefore, physical stimulations should be avoided during the prolonged administration of blinatumomab. In conclusion, the findings of this study assist in the safe administration of antibodies using portable infusion pumps, taking into consideration the composition of drug excipients and the choice of filter type and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Takano
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Motoki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Tohru Inokawa
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takeo Yasu
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Tsuda
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Kazumi Goto
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
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Prediction of Unwanted Crystallization of Freeze-Dried Protein Formulations Using α-Relaxation Measurements. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020703. [PMID: 36840026 PMCID: PMC9963158 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of methods to predict the isothermal crystallization behavior of amorphous freeze-dried formulations stored below the glass transition temperature. This study applies isothermal microcalorimetry to predict long-term crystallization during product storage time. The relaxation curve of a fresh sample recorded within 12 h after lyophilization is correlated with the long-term crystallization time at the same temperature. Storage conditions of 25 °C and 40 °C are examined and five model formulations containing either sucrose or trehalose with different concentrations of an IgG1 antibody are investigated. The amorphous formulations were created by different freeze-drying processes only differing in their freezing step (random nucleation; additional annealing step of 1.5 h and 3 h, controlled nucleation; quench cooling). Samples that crystallized during the study time of 12 months showed a promising correlation between their relaxation time and crystallization behavior upon storage. Furthermore, the study shows that polysorbate 20 strongly accelerates crystallization of sucrose and that the freezing step itself has a strong impact on the relaxation phenomena that is not levelled out by primary and secondary drying.
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42
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Ajmal MR. Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Proteinopathies: Causes, Mechanism and Cellular Response. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010030. [PMID: 36810544 PMCID: PMC9944956 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are central to life functions. Alterations in the structure of proteins are reflected in their function. Misfolded proteins and their aggregates present a significant risk to the cell. Cells have a diverse but integrated network of protection mechanisms. Streams of misfolded proteins that cells are continuously exposed to must be continually monitored by an elaborated network of molecular chaperones and protein degradation factors to control and contain protein misfolding problems. Aggregation inhibition properties of small molecules such as polyphenols are important as they possess other beneficial properties such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and pro-autophagic properties and help neuroprotection. A candidate with such desired features is important for any possible treatment development for protein aggregation diseases. There is a need to study the protein misfolding phenomenon so that we can treat some of the worst kinds of human ailments related to protein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan Ajmal
- Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Li Z, Li T, Zhao M, Cui B, Hemar Y. Rheological and microstructural characterisation of lotus seed milks and their glucono-δ-lactone induced acid-set milk gels: 1. Effect of protein content. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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44
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Water-induced fluorescence turn-on imidazole derivative and its interaction with bovine serum albumin. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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45
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Evaluation of a Raman Chemometric Method for Detecting Protein Structural Conformational Changes in Solution. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:573-586. [PMID: 36152698 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering shows promise as a powerful routine tool, to determine both secondary and the smaller tertiary structural changes that precede aggregation in both solutions and solids. A method was developed utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) of Raman spectra for detection of small, but meaningful, pH induced changes in tertiary protein structure linked to aggregate formation using α-lactalbumin solutions as a model. The sample preparation and spectral parameters, were optimized for a bulk Raman probe. Analysis of large regions (600-1850 cm-1) yielded principal component (PC) scores useful for semi-quantitative comparison of protein conformation between formulations. PC loadings corresponded to specific structural peaks known to change with solution pH. PCA of circular dichroism (CD) spectra of dilute solutions yielded similar results. Sucrose is a common formulation excipient with a Raman spectrum that overlaps many protein peaks. With sucrose in the protein solution, the ability of PCA to discern protein structural changes from the Raman spectra was somewhat reduced. Analysis of a more limited spectral region (1530-1780 cm-1) with negligible sucrose spectral contribution improved the discrimination of protein conformational states. The new Raman method accurately distinguished differences in protein structure in concentrated solutions. The long-term goal is to explore Raman characterization as a routine monitoring tool of protein stability in both solution and solid states.
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46
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Miller D, Vanderlee G, Vaute O, Krause M. PlasmaCap EBA: An innovative method of isolating plasma proteins from human plasma. Vox Sang 2023; 118:128-137. [PMID: 36454586 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The growing demand for immunoglobulin (IG) requires development of improved plasma fractionation methods to provide higher yields in a cost effective, scalable manner without compromising product purity and efficacy. A novel protein extraction method, utilizing expanded bed adsorption (EBA) chromatography, has been developed. PlasmaCap IG (10% liquid formulation intravenous IG [IVIG]) is the first plasma-derived product manufactured using PlasmaCap EBA technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PlasmaCap EBA platform consists of a series of consecutive columns which bind a target protein, or group of proteins, in their native state directly from cryo-poor plasma. EBA chromatography includes five key steps: (1) expand, (2) sanitize and equilibrate, (3) load, (4) wash and (5) elute. These steps are made possible using high-density tungsten-carbide agarose beads, suspended by upward flow. The PlasmaCap EBA process was evaluated during Evolve's clinical campaign for scalability, product quality and yield. RESULTS PlasmaCap EBA technology can be predictably scaled by maintaining the minimum residence time and residence time distribution for EBA columns of different diameters. Scalability of the manufacturing process was demonstrated by the 50-fold volumetric increase from laboratory-scale lots to clinical-scale lots. The process is also associated with enhanced product purity, such as lower aggregates. The PlasmaCap EBA process is expected to have the same or better yield and purity at commercial scale production compared to the clinical campaign. CONCLUSION The PlasmaCap EBA platform was used to successfully develop PlasmaCap IG (10% liquid formulation IVIG) with proven scalability, product quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Miller
- Evolve Biologics, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Olivier Vaute
- Evolve Biologics, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Krause
- Evolve Biologics, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Sun B, Zhang P, Zhang J, Huang T, Li C, Yang W. Absorption of iron from Tegillarca granosa using an in vitro simulated digestion and Caco-2/HepG2 co-culture system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:891-899. [PMID: 36057934 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron-deficiency anemia is one severe micronutrient malnutrition and has captured worldwide attention. This study evaluated the in vitro iron absorption of two iron-binding proteins (hemoglobin and ferritin) from Tegillarca granosa. In addition, the protein structure-iron absorption relationship and the regulatory effect of hepcidin on cellular iron absorption were explored. RESULTS Our findings revealed that both hemoglobin and ferritin extracted from T. granosa contained abundant iron-binding sites, as evidenced by stronger peaks in amide I and II regions compared with the two proteins from humans. Less β-sheet (27.67%) structures were found in hemoglobin compared with ferritin (36.40%), probably contributing to its greater digestibility and more release of available iron. This was confirmed by the results of Caco-2/HepG2 cell culture system that showed iron absorption of hemoglobin was 26.10-39.31% higher than that of ferritin with an iron content of 50-150 μmol L-1 . This high iron absorption of hemoglobin (117.86-174.10 ng mg-1 ) could also be due to more hepcidin produced by HepG2 cells, thereby preventing ferroportin-mediated iron efflux from Caco-2 cells. In addition, the possible risk of oxidative stress was evaluated in cells post-iron exposure. In comparison with ferrous sulfate, a common iron supplement, Caco-2 cells treated with the iron-binding proteins had a 9.50-25.73% lower level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, indicating the safety of hemoglobin and ferritin. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data of this research would be helpful for understanding the key features and potential of developing hemoglobin and ferritin from T. granosa as novel iron supplements. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Panxue Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Megoura M, Ispas-Szabo P, Mateescu MA. Enhanced Stability of Vegetal Diamine Oxidase with Trehalose and Sucrose as Cryoprotectants: Mechanistic Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030992. [PMID: 36770661 PMCID: PMC9921882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric dysfunctions are common for various histamine-related intestinal disorders. Vegetal diamine oxidase (vDAO), an enzyme able to decompose histamine and thus alleviate histamine-related dysfunctions, was formulated in gastro-resistant tablet forms for oral administration as a food supplement and possible therapeutic agent. A major challenge for the use of proteins in the pharmaceutical field is their poor stability. In this study, vDAO was freeze-dried in the absence or in the presence of sucrose or trehalose as cryoprotectants and then formulated as tablets by direct compression. The stability of the obtained preparations was followed during storage at 4 °C and -20 °C for 18 months. In vitro dissolution tests with the vDAO powders formulated as tablets were performed in simulated gastric and in simulated intestinal fluids. The tablets obtained with the powder of the vDAO lyophilized with sucrose or trehalose cryoprotectants offered better protection for enzyme activity. Furthermore, the release of the vDAO lyophilized with the cryoprotectants was around 80% of the total loaded activity (enzyme units) compared to 20% for the control (vDAO powder prepared without cryoprotectants). This report revealed the potential of sucrose and trehalose as cryoprotectants to protect vDAO from freeze-drying stress and during storage, and also to markedly improve the vDAO release performance of tablets obtained with vDAO powders.
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Connecting the Dots: Macromolecular Crowding and Protein Aggregation. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1-11. [PMID: 36417150 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are one of the dynamic macromolecules that play a significant role in many physiologically important processes to sustain life on the earth. Proteins need to be properly folded into their active conformation to perform their function. Alteration in the protein folding process may lead to the formation of misfolded conformers. Accumulation of these misfolded conformers can result in the formation of protein aggregates which are attributed to many human pathological conditions including neurodegeneration, cataract, neuromuscular disorders, and diabetes. Living cells naturally have heterogeneous crowding environments with different concentrations of various biomolecules. Macromolecular crowding condition has been found to alter the protein conformation. Here in this review, we tried to show the relation between macromolecular crowding, protein aggregation, and its consequences.
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Ankner JF, Ashkar R, Browning JF, Charlton TR, Doucet M, Halbert CE, Islam F, Karim A, Kharlampieva E, Kilbey SM, Lin JYY, Phan MD, Smith GS, Sukhishvili SA, Thermer R, Veith GM, Watkins EB, Wilson D. Cinematic reflectometry using QIKR, the quite intense kinetics reflectometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:013302. [PMID: 36725568 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Quite Intense Kinetics Reflectometer (QIKR) will be a general-purpose, horizontal-sample-surface neutron reflectometer. Reflectometers measure the proportion of an incident probe beam reflected from a surface as a function of wavevector (momentum) transfer to infer the distribution and composition of matter near an interface. The unique scattering properties of neutrons make this technique especially useful in the study of soft matter, biomaterials, and materials used in energy storage. Exploiting the increased brilliance of the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station, QIKR will collect specular and off-specular reflectivity data faster than the best existing such machines. It will often be possible to collect complete specular reflectivity curves using a single instrument setting, enabling "cinematic" operation, wherein the user turns on the instrument and "films" the sample. Samples in time-dependent environments (e.g., temperature, electrochemical, or undergoing chemical alteration) will be observed in real time, in favorable cases with frame rates as fast as 1 Hz. Cinematic data acquisition promises to make time-dependent measurements routine, with time resolution specified during post-experiment data analysis. This capability will be deployed to observe such processes as in situ polymer diffusion, battery electrode charge-discharge cycles, hysteresis loops, and membrane protein insertion into lipid layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ankner
- Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J F Browning
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T R Charlton
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Doucet
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C E Halbert
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - F Islam
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - E Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - S M Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J Y Y Lin
- Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M D Phan
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G S Smith
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Thermer
- Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - E B Watkins
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Wilson
- Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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