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Stojak J. Hantavirus infections in humans in Poland-current state of knowledge and perspectives for research. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:982-985. [PMID: 31424493 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, hantaviruses cause serious human disease, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The geographic distribution of human cases of HFRS is a consequence of distribution of reservoir host species. Epidemiology of HFRS is well-studied in Western Europe, while data from Central and Eastern Europe are poor or unavailable. METHODS The data on hantavirus infections in humans during 2007-2017 were gathered to distinguish pattern of HFRS occurrence and characterize potential factors shaping HFRS epidemiology in Poland. RESULTS The south-eastern part of Poland (Podkarpackie voivodeship) was recognized as endemic area of hantavirus prevalence. Incidence rate of HFRS in Poland was positively correlated with mast years and higher abundance of rodents, urbanization index, and forest cover, while the climatic factors (average temperatures in January and July and average annual precipitation) have had no significant impact. CONCLUSIONS In Poland, HFRS is still not recognized entity. Further studies on hantavirus infection rate in reservoir host species (rodents, shrews, and bats) and virus transmission to humans are needed to prevent outbreaks of HFRS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stojak
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
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2
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Polat C, Ergünay K, Irmak S, Erdin M, Brinkmann A, Çetintaş O, Çoğal M, Sözen M, Matur F, Nitsche A, Öktem İMA. A novel genetic lineage of Tula orthohantavirus in Altai voles (Microtus obscurus) from Turkey. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:150-158. [PMID: 30465911 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae order Bunyavirales) are emerging pathogens with a significant impact on human health. They are transmitted via aerosolized excreta of rodents which also act as reservoir hosts, constituting a unique route for dispersion. Dobrava-Belgrade and Puumala orthohantaviruses have been previously reported from Anatolia, in rodents, case reports and occasional outbreaks. We have collected rodents at several locations during a surveillance study in eastern Anatolia. The specimens were morphologically-identified and various tissues were screened via a generic orthohantavirus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. DNA barcoding via mitochondrial cytochrome b sequencing was performed in rodents with detectable orthohantavirus sequences. High throughput sequencing was performed for viral genome characterization. Fifty rodents were collected and identified morphologically as Microtus spp. (96%) and Apodemus spp. (4%). Orthohantavirus sequences were detected in lung and spleen or liver tissues of 4 voles (8%), barcoded as Microtus obscurus. The virus sequences were identified as Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) and near-complete genomic segments of the prototype viral genome, tentatively named as the Tula orthohantavirus-Turkey (TULV-T), could be characterized. Putative open reading frames for viral nucleocapsid and a nonstructural protein on the S segment, glycoproteins G1 and G2 on the M segment and viral replicase on the L segment were identified on the TULV-T. Several minor sequence variants were further characterized. No evidence of recombination could be detected and pairwise comparisons displayed over 95% amino acid sequence identities to various Eurasian TULV strains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct clustering of all genome segments from previously-characterized TULV strains via various approaches and models. Here, TULV-T constituted a novel lineage, forming an intermediate among Asian and European TULV lineages. This report describes the initial documentation of TULV circulation and its potential reservoir in Anatolia. The extent of virus dispersion, alternate hosts or outcomes of human exposure require elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Polat
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sercan Irmak
- Balıkesir University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Mert Erdin
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Annika Brinkmann
- Robert Koch Institute; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ortaç Çetintaş
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Çoğal
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sözen
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Matur
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - İbrahim Mehmet Ali Öktem
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Milholland MT, Castro-Arellano I, Suzán G, Garcia-Peña GE, Lee TE, Rohde RE, Alonso Aguirre A, Mills JN. Global Diversity and Distribution of Hantaviruses and Their Hosts. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:163-208. [PMID: 29713899 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rodents represent 42% of the world's mammalian biodiversity encompassing 2,277 species populating every continent (except Antarctica) and are reservoir hosts for a wide diversity of disease agents. Thus, knowing the identity, diversity, host-pathogen relationships, and geographic distribution of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens, is essential for predicting and mitigating zoonotic disease outbreaks. Hantaviruses are hosted by numerous rodent reservoirs. However, the diversity of rodents harboring hantaviruses is likely unknown because research is biased toward specific reservoir hosts and viruses. An up-to-date, systematic review covering all known rodent hosts is lacking. Herein, we document gaps in our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of rodent species that host hantaviruses. Of the currently recognized 681 cricetid, 730 murid, 61 nesomyid, and 278 sciurid species, we determined that 11.3, 2.1, 1.6, and 1.1%, respectively, have known associations with hantaviruses. The diversity of hantaviruses hosted by rodents and their distribution among host species supports a reassessment of the paradigm that each virus is associated with a single-host species. We examine these host-virus associations on a global taxonomic and geographical scale with emphasis on the rodent host diversity and distribution. Previous reviews have been centered on the viruses and not the mammalian hosts. Thus, we provide a perspective not previously addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Milholland
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Iván Castro-Arellano
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel E Garcia-Peña
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico
- UMR MIVEGEC, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, UMR 5290, CNRS-IRD-Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche IRD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, ACU Box 27868, Abilene, TX, 79699, USA
| | - Rodney E Rohde
- College of Health Professions, Clinical Laboratory Science Program, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - James N Mills
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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4
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Saxenhofer M, Weber de Melo V, Ulrich RG, Heckel G. Revised time scales of RNA virus evolution based on spatial information. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0857. [PMID: 28794221 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The time scales of pathogen evolution are of major concern in the context of public and veterinary health, epidemiology and evolutionary biology. Dating the emergence of a pathogen often relies on estimates of evolutionary rates derived from nucleotide sequence data. For many viruses, this has yielded estimates of evolutionary origins only a few hundred years in the past. Here we demonstrate through the incorporation of geographical information from virus sampling that evolutionary age estimates of two European hantaviruses are severely underestimated because of pervasive mutational saturation of nucleotide sequences. We detected very strong relationships between spatial distance and genetic divergence for both Puumala and Tula hantavirus-irrespective of whether nucleotide or derived amino acid sequences were analysed. Extrapolations from these relationships dated the emergence of these viruses most conservatively to at least 3700 and 2500 years ago, respectively. Our minimum estimates for the age of these hantaviruses are ten to a hundred times older than results from current non-spatial methods, and in much better accordance with the biogeography of these viruses and their respective hosts. Spatial information can thus provide valuable insights on the deeper time scales of pathogen evolution and improve our understanding of disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Saxenhofer
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Bâtiment Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Weber de Melo
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Bâtiment Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Rosenfeld UM, Drewes S, Ali HS, Sadowska ET, Mikowska M, Heckel G, Koteja P, Ulrich RG. A highly divergent Puumala virus lineage in southern Poland. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1177-1185. [PMID: 28093611 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) represents one of the most important hantaviruses in Central Europe. Phylogenetic analyses of PUUV strains indicate a strong genetic structuring of this hantavirus. Recently, PUUV sequences were identified in the natural reservoir, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), collected in the northern part of Poland. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of PUUV in bank voles from southern Poland. A total of 72 bank voles were trapped in 2009 at six sites in this part of Poland. RT-PCR and IgG-ELISA analyses detected three PUUV positive voles at one trapping site. The PUUV-infected animals were identified by cytochrome b gene analysis to belong to the Carpathian and Eastern evolutionary lineages of bank vole. The novel PUUV S, M and L segment nucleotide sequences showed the closest similarity to sequences of the Russian PUUV lineage from Latvia, but were highly divergent to those previously found in northern Poland, Slovakia and Austria. In conclusion, the detection of a highly divergent PUUV lineage in southern Poland indicates the necessity of further bank vole monitoring in this region allowing rational public health measures to prevent human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike M Rosenfeld
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Stephan Drewes
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Hanan Sheikh Ali
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mikowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany.
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6
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Arai S, Kang HJ, Gu SH, Ohdachi SD, Cook JA, Yashina LN, Tanaka-Taya K, Abramov SA, Morikawa S, Okabe N, Oishi K, Yanagihara R. Genetic Diversity of Artybash Virus in the Laxmann's Shrew (Sorex caecutiens). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:468-75. [PMID: 27172519 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although based on very limited M and L segment sequences, Artybash virus (ARTV) was proposed previously as a unique hantavirus harbored by the Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens). To verify this conjecture, lung tissues from 68 Laxmann's shrews, captured during 2006 to 2014 in eastern Siberia, Russia, and Hokkaido, Japan, were analyzed for ARTV RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ARTV RNA was detected in six Laxmann's shrews. Pairwise alignment and comparison of partial- and full-length S, M, and L segment sequences from these Laxmann's shrews, as well as phylogenetic analyses, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods indicated that ARTV was distinct from other soricine shrew-borne hantaviruses and representative hantaviruses harbored by rodents, moles, and bats. Taxonomic identity of the ARTV-infected Laxmann's shrews was confirmed by full-length cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis. Our data indicate that the hantavirus previously known as Amga virus (MGAV) represents genetic variants of ARTV. Thus, the previously proposed designation of ARTV/MGAV should be replaced by ARTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Arai
- 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Se Hun Gu
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Satoshi D Ohdachi
- 3 Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph A Cook
- 4 Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Liudmila N Yashina
- 5 State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector," Koltsovo , Russia
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Taya
- 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sergey A Abramov
- 6 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- 7 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .,8 Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health , Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
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7
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Schmidt S, Saxenhofer M, Drewes S, Schlegel M, Wanka KM, Frank R, Klimpel S, von Blanckenhagen F, Maaz D, Herden C, Freise J, Wolf R, Stubbe M, Borkenhagen P, Ansorge H, Eccard JA, Lang J, Jourdain E, Jacob J, Marianneau P, Heckel G, Ulrich RG. High genetic structuring of Tula hantavirus. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1135-49. [PMID: 26831932 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tula virus (TULV) is a vole-associated hantavirus with low or no pathogenicity to humans. In the present study, 686 common voles (Microtus arvalis), 249 field voles (Microtus agrestis) and 30 water voles (Arvicola spec.) were collected at 79 sites in Germany, Luxembourg and France and screened by RT-PCR and TULV-IgG ELISA. TULV-specific RNA and/or antibodies were detected at 43 of the sites, demonstrating a geographically widespread distribution of the virus in the studied area. The TULV prevalence in common voles (16.7 %) was higher than that in field voles (9.2 %) and water voles (10.0 %). Time series data at ten trapping sites showed evidence of a lasting presence of TULV RNA within common vole populations for up to 34 months, although usually at low prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a strong genetic structuring of TULV sequences according to geography and independent of the rodent species, confirming the common vole as the preferential host, with spillover infections to co-occurring field and water voles. TULV phylogenetic clades showed a general association with evolutionary lineages in the common vole as assessed by mitochondrial DNA sequences on a large geographical scale, but with local-scale discrepancies in the contact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schmidt
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, OIE Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Moritz Saxenhofer
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Drewes
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, OIE Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mathias Schlegel
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, OIE Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.,Seramun Diagnostica GmbH, 15754, Heidesee, Germany
| | - Konrad M Wanka
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, OIE Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Raphael Frank
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Denny Maaz
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jona Freise
- Task-Force Veterinärwesen, Fachbereich Schädlingsbekämpfung, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Wolf
- Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stubbe
- Institute of Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, 06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Borkenhagen
- Säugetierkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schleswig-Holstein, 24253, Probsteierhagen, Germany
| | - Hermann Ansorge
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Johannes Lang
- Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Hauptstraße 30, 35321, Gonterskirchen, Germany
| | - Elsa Jourdain
- INRA, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR0346 Animal Epidemiology Unit, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Jens Jacob
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry, Vertebrate Research, Julius Kühn-Institute, 48161, Münster, Germany
| | - Philippe Marianneau
- Virology Unit, Laboratory of Lyon, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, OIE Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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Yashina LN, Zaykovskaya AV, Protopopova EV, Babkin IV, Malyshev BS, Tovpinets NN, Evstafiev IL. Tula hantavirus in Crimea. MOLECULAR GENETICS, MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416815040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
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9
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Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:618-26. [PMID: 26160776 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species.
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Yashina LN, Abramov SA, Dupal TA, Danchinova GA, Malyshev BS, Hay J, Gu SH, Yanagihara R. Hokkaido genotype of Puumala virus in the grey red-backed vole (Myodes rufocanus) and northern red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus) in Siberia. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 33:304-13. [PMID: 26003760 PMCID: PMC4871597 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three species of Myodes voles known to harbor hantaviruses include the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), which serves as the reservoir host of Puumala virus (PUUV), the prototype arvicolid rodent-borne hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe, and the grey red-backed vole (Myodes rufocanus) and royal vole (Myodes regulus) which carry two PUUV-like hantaviruses, designated Hokkaido virus (HOKV) and Muju virus (MUJV), respectively. To ascertain the hantavirus harbored by the northern red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus), we initially screened sera from 233 M. rutilus, as well as from 90 M. rufocanus and 110 M. glareolus, captured in western and eastern Siberia during June 2007 to October 2009, for anti-hantaviral antibodies. Thereafter, lung tissues from 44 seropositive voles were analyzed for hantavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Partial L-, M- and S-segment sequences, detected in M. rutilus and M. rufocanus, were closely related to HOKV, differing from previously published L-, M- and S-segment sequences of HOKV by 17.8-20.2%, 15.9-23.4% and 15.0-17.0% at the nucleotide level and 2.6-7.9%, 1.3-6.3% and 1.2-4.0% at the amino acid level, respectively. Alignment and comparison of hantavirus sequences from M. glareolus trapped in Tyumen Oblast showed very high sequence similarity to the Omsk lineage of PUUV. Phylogenetic analysis, using neighbor-joining, maximal likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that HOKV strains shared a common ancestry with PUUV and exhibited geographic-specific clustering. This report provides the first molecular evidence that both M. rutilus and M. rufocanus harbor HOKV, which might represent a genetic variant of PUUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila N Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Abramov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara A Dupal
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina A Danchinova
- Federal Budgetary Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Boris S Malyshev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia
| | - John Hay
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, NY, USA
| | - Se Hun Gu
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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11
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Gu SH, Hejduk J, Markowski J, Kang HJ, Markowski M, Połatyńska M, Sikorska B, Liberski PP, Yanagihara R. Co-circulation of soricid- and talpid-borne hantaviruses in Poland. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:296-303. [PMID: 25445646 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the discovery of a genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Boginia virus (BOGV), in the Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens), as well as the detection of Seewis virus (SWSV) in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), in central Poland. In this expanded study of 133 shrews and 69 moles captured during 2010-2013 in central and southeastern Poland, we demonstrate the co-circulation of BOGV in the Eurasian water shrew and SWSV in the Eurasian common shrew, Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) and Mediterranean water shrew (Neomys anomalus). In addition, we found high prevalence of Nova virus (NVAV) infection in the European mole (Talpa europaea), with evidence of NVAV RNA in heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and intestine. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation of the L segment among the SWSV strains was 0-18.8% and 0-5.4%, respectively. And for the 38 NVAV strains from European moles captured in Huta Dłutowska, the L-segment genetic similarity ranged from 94.1%-100% at the nucleotide level and 96.3%-100% at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analyses showed geographic-specific lineages of SWSV and NVAV in Poland, not unlike that of rodent-borne hantaviruses, suggesting long-standing host-specific adaptation. The co-circulation and distribution of BOGV, SWSV and NVAV in Poland parallels findings of multiple hantavirus species co-existing in their respective rodent reservoir species elsewhere in Europe. Also, the detection of SWSV in three syntopic shrew species resembles spill over events observed among some rodent-borne hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hun Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Janusz Hejduk
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, S. Banacha Street 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Markowski
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, S. Banacha Street 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marcin Markowski
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Połatyńska
- Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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12
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Michalski A, Niemcewicz M, Bielawska-Drózd A, Nowakowska A, Gaweł J, Pitucha G, Joniec J, Zielonka K, Marciniak-Niemcewicz A, Kocik J. Surveillance of hantaviruses in Poland: a study of animal reservoirs and human hantavirus disease in Subcarpathia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:514-22. [PMID: 24902039 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first cluster of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Poland was identified in 2007 in the Subcarpathian region. The natural environment of this area is a key habitat for hantavirus vectors. The animal reservoir of existing human HFRS clusters was studied to assess the occurrence of viruses (including Tula virus, Puumala virus, and Dobrava-Belgrade virus) among rodents. We examined 70 suspected human cases with symptoms corresponding to the clinical picture of HFRS. Serological analysis (indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblot) confirmed the presence of anti-hantavirus antibodies in 18 patients, which were surveyed with regard to developed symptoms and presumed rodent contact. Seroepidemiological analysis of newly confirmed human cases was performed, putative areas of human exposure were studied, and 194 rodents were subsequently captured from identified areas. Internal organs (lungs, heart, spleen, bladder, and kidneys) were collected from 64 Apodemus flavicollis, 55 Apodemus agrarius, 40 Myodes glareolus, 21 Mus musculus, and 14 Microtus arvalis and tested for the presence of hantavirus RNA by reverse transcription and subsequent real-time PCR. Positive samples were also tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Animal reservoir surveillance enabled the first detection of Puumala virus and Dobrava-Belgrade virus among animals in Poland. Furthermore, some places where rodents were captured correlated with areas of residence of laboratory-confirmed human cases and likely detected virus species. Moreover, three species of hantaviruses coexisting in a relatively small area were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Michalski
- 1 Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology , Warsaw-Puławy, Poland
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13
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Lee JG, Gu SH, Baek LJ, Shin OS, Park KS, Kim HC, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song JW. Muju virus, harbored by Myodes regulus in Korea, might represent a genetic variant of Puumala virus, the prototype arvicolid rodent-borne hantavirus. Viruses 2014; 6:1701-14. [PMID: 24736214 PMCID: PMC4014717 DOI: 10.3390/v6041701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Muju virus (MUJV), identified originally in the royal vole (Myodes regulus) in Korea, was fully sequenced to ascertain its genetic and phylogenetic relationship with Puumala virus (PUUV), harbored by the bank vole (My. glareolus), and a PUUV-like virus, named Hokkaido virus (HOKV), in the grey red-backed vole (My. rufocanus) in Japan. Whole genome sequence analysis of the 6544-nucleotide large (L), 3652-nucleotide medium (M) and 1831-nucleotide small (S) segments of MUJV, as well as the amino acid sequences of their gene products, indicated that MUJV strains from different capture sites might represent genetic variants of PUUV, the prototype arvicolid rodent-borne hantavirus in Europe. Distinct geographic-specific clustering of MUJV was found in different provinces in Korea, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that MUJV and HOKV share a common ancestry with PUUV. A better understanding of the taxonomic classification and pathogenic potential of MUJV must await its isolation in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Goo Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Luck Ju Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Kwang Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA.
| | - Terry A Klein
- Public Health Command Region-Pacific, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205-5281, USA.
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
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14
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First molecular evidence for Puumala hantavirus in Poland. Viruses 2014; 6:340-53. [PMID: 24452006 PMCID: PMC3917447 DOI: 10.3390/v6010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) causes mild to moderate cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and is responsible for the majority of hantavirus infections of humans in Fennoscandia, Central and Western Europe. Although there are relatively many PUUV sequences available from different European countries, little is known about the presence of this virus in Poland. During population studies in 2009 a total of 45 bank voles were trapped at three sites in north-eastern Poland, namely islands on Dejguny and Dobskie Lakes and in a forest near Mikołajki. S and M segment-specific RT-PCR assays detected PUUV RNA in three animals from the Mikołajki site. The obtained partial S and M segment sequences demonstrated the highest similarity to the corresponding segments of a PUUV strain from Latvia. Analysis of chest cavity fluid samples by IgG ELISA using a yeast-expressed PUUV nucleocapsid protein resulted in the detection of two seropositive samples, both being also RT-PCR positive. Interestingly, at the trapping site in Mikołajki PUUV-positive bank voles belong to the Carpathian and Eastern genetic lineages within this species. In conclusion, we herein present the first molecular evidence for PUUV in the rodent reservoir from Poland.
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Yanagihara R, Gu SH, Arai S, Kang HJ, Song JW. Hantaviruses: rediscovery and new beginnings. Virus Res 2014; 187:6-14. [PMID: 24412714 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus and host gene phylogenies, indicating that antigenically distinct hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) segregate into clades, which parallel the molecular evolution of rodents belonging to the Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae and Sigmodontinae subfamilies, suggested co-divergence of hantaviruses and their rodent reservoirs. Lately, this concept has been vigorously contested in favor of preferential host switching and local host-specific adaptation. To gain insights into the host range, spatial and temporal distribution, genetic diversity and evolutionary origins of hantaviruses, we employed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyze frozen, RNAlater(®)-preserved and ethanol-fixed tissues from 1546 shrews (9 genera and 47 species), 281 moles (8 genera and 10 species) and 520 bats (26 genera and 53 species), collected in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America during 1980-2012. Thus far, we have identified 24 novel hantaviruses in shrews, moles and bats. That these newfound hantaviruses are geographically widespread and genetically more diverse than those harbored by rodents suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously conjectured. Phylogenetic analyses indicate four distinct clades, with the most divergent comprising hantaviruses harbored by the European mole and insectivorous bats, with evidence for both co-divergence and host switching. Future studies will provide new knowledge about the transmission dynamics and pathogenic potential of these newly discovered, still-orphan, non-rodent-borne hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yanagihara
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Satoru Arai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chunngcheonngbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, 5-Ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
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16
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Mohamed N, Nilsson E, Johansson P, Klingström J, Evander M, Ahlm C, Bucht G. Development and evaluation of a broad reacting SYBR-green based quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of different hantaviruses. J Clin Virol 2013; 56:280-5. [PMID: 23290388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaviruses are endemic in most parts of the world and cause hundreds of thousand human cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) annually throughout Eurasia and the Americas. They are zoonotic viruses, most commonly transmitted to humans by aerosolized rodent excreta. New hantaviruses are frequently discovered in previously unknown reservoir species and geographic areas. Consequently, there is a need to improve hantavirus diagnostics. OBJECTIVES This paper describes the design and evaluation of a rapid and robust quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) assay able to detect a wide range of hantaviruses. STUDY DESIGN Primers with the potential to detect different hantaviruses were designed from conserved regions of different hantavirus L segments, as identified from multiple sequence alignments. RESULTS By using SYBR-green-based QRT-PCR 100-1000 target molecules of in vitro produced RNA and less than 100 copies of hantavirus RNA from different hantavirus clades and regions of the world were detected. When using the assay on clinical samples from patients with acute HFRS, Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) RNA was confirmed in all previously positive samples. Notably, the broad reacting L-segment QRT-PCR also detected viral RNA in HFRS patient samples, previously negative by a QRT-PCR targeting the S segment of PUUV. CONCLUSIONS This novel assay provides a powerful tool for diagnosis of hantaviruses from different clades and regions and may also be useful in surveys with the purpose of finding new hantaviruses in rodent or insectivore species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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17
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Rönnberg T, Jääskeläinen K, Blot G, Parviainen V, Vaheri A, Renkonen R, Bouloy M, Plyusnin A. Searching for cellular partners of hantaviral nonstructural protein NSs: Y2H screening of mouse cDNA library and analysis of cellular interactome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34307. [PMID: 22506017 PMCID: PMC3323627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are negative-strand RNA viruses with a tripartite genome. The small (S) segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein and, in some hantaviruses, also the nonstructural protein (NSs). The aim of this study was to find potential cellular partners for the hantaviral NSs protein. Toward this aim, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of mouse cDNA library was performed followed by a search for potential NSs protein counterparts via analyzing a cellular interactome. The resulting interaction network was shown to form logical, clustered structures. Furthermore, several potential binding partners for the NSs protein, for instance ACBD3, were identified and, to prove the principle, interaction between NSs and ACBD3 proteins was demonstrated biochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Rönnberg
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Kang HJ, Kosoy MY, Shrestha SK, Shrestha MP, Pavlin JA, Gibbons RV, Yanagihara R. Short report: Genetic diversity of Thottapalayam virus, a Hantavirus harbored by the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) in Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:540-5. [PMID: 21896819 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent discovery of genetically divergent hantaviruses in shrews of multiple species in widely separated geographic regions, data are unavailable about the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a hantavirus originally isolated from an Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) captured in southern India more than four decades ago. To bridge this knowledge gap, the S, M, and L segments of hantavirus RNA were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from archival lung tissues of Asian house shrews captured in Nepal from January to September 1996. Pair-wise alignment and comparison revealed approximately 80% nucleotide and > 94% amino acid sequence similarity to prototype TPMV. Phylogenetic analyses, generated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed geographic-specific clustering of TPMV, similar to that observed for rodent- and soricid-borne hantaviruses. These findings confirm that the Asian house shrew is the natural reservoir of TPMV and suggest a long-standing virus-host relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ji Kang
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; USA
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19
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Phan TG, Kapusinszky B, Wang C, Rose RK, Lipton HL, Delwart EL. The fecal viral flora of wild rodents. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002218. [PMID: 21909269 PMCID: PMC3164639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent interactions of rodents with humans make them a common source of zoonotic infections. To obtain an initial unbiased measure of the viral diversity in the enteric tract of wild rodents we sequenced partially purified, randomly amplified viral RNA and DNA in the feces of 105 wild rodents (mouse, vole, and rat) collected in California and Virginia. We identified in decreasing frequency sequences related to the mammalian viruses families Circoviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Parvoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae, and Coronaviridae. Seventeen small circular DNA genomes containing one or two replicase genes distantly related to the Circoviridae representing several potentially new viral families were characterized. In the Picornaviridae family two new candidate genera as well as a close genetic relative of the human pathogen Aichi virus were characterized. Fragments of the first mouse sapelovirus and picobirnaviruses were identified and the first murine astrovirus genome was characterized. A mouse papillomavirus genome and fragments of a novel adenovirus and adenovirus-associated virus were also sequenced. The next largest fraction of the rodent fecal virome was related to insect viruses of the Densoviridae, Iridoviridae, Polydnaviridae, Dicistroviriade, Bromoviridae, and Virgaviridae families followed by plant virus-related sequences in the Nanoviridae, Geminiviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Secoviridae, Partitiviridae, Tymoviridae, Alphaflexiviridae, and Tombusviridae families reflecting the largely insect and plant rodent diet. Phylogenetic analyses of full and partial viral genomes therefore revealed many previously unreported viral species, genera, and families. The close genetic similarities noted between some rodent and human viruses might reflect past zoonoses. This study increases our understanding of the viral diversity in wild rodents and highlights the large number of still uncharacterized viruses in mammals. Rodents are the natural reservoir of numerous zoonotic viruses causing serious diseases in humans. We used an unbiased metagenomic approach to characterize the viral diversity in rodent feces. In addition to diet-derived insect and plant viruses mammalian viral sequences were abundant and diverse. Most notably, multiple new circular viral DNA families, two new picornaviridae genera, and the first murine astrovirus and picobirnaviruses were characterized. A mouse kobuvirus was a close relative to the Aichi virus human pathogen. This study significantly increases the known genetic diversity of eukaryotic viruses in rodents and provides an initial description of their enteric viromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung G. Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Beatrix Kapusinszky
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Viral Diagnostics, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Howard L. Lipton
- Department of Neurology and Microbiology-Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Gu SH, Kang HJ, Baek LJ, Noh JY, Kim HC, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song JW. Genetic diversity of Imjin virus in the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) in the Republic of Korea, 2004-2010. Virol J 2011; 8:56. [PMID: 21303516 PMCID: PMC3046926 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Imjin virus (MJNV), a genetically distinct hantavirus, was isolated from lung tissues of the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) captured near the demilitarized zone in the Republic of Korea. To clarify the genetic diversity of MJNV, partial M- and L-segment sequences were amplified from lung tissues of 12 of 37 (32.4%) anti-MJNV IgG antibody-positive Ussuri white-toothed shrews captured between 2004 and 2010. A 531-nucleotide region of the M segment (coordinates 2,255 to 2,785) revealed that the 12 MJNV strains differed by 0-12.2% and 0-2.3% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. A similar degree of nucleotide (0.2-11.9%) and amino acid (0-3.8%) difference was found in a 632-nucleotide length of the L segment (coordinates 962 to 1,593) of nine MJNV strains. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the partial M and L segments of MJNV strains generated by the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods, showed geographic-specific clustering, akin to the phylogeography of rodent-borne hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hun Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, 5-Ga, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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21
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Yashina LN, Abramov SA, Gutorov VV, Dupal TA, Krivopalov AV, Panov VV, Danchinova GA, Vinogradov VV, Luchnikova EM, Hay J, Kang HJ, Yanagihara R. Seewis virus: phylogeography of a shrew-borne hantavirus in Siberia, Russia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:585-91. [PMID: 20426688 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaviral antigens were originally reported more than 20 years ago in tissues of the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), captured in European and Siberian Russia. The recent discovery of Seewis virus (SWSV) in this soricid species in Switzerland provided an opportunity to investigate its genetic diversity and geographic distribution in Russia. METHODS Lung tissues from 45 Eurasian common shrews, 4 Laxmann's shrews (Sorex caecutiens), 3 Siberian large-toothed shrews (Sorex daphaenodon), 9 pygmy shrews (Sorex minutus), 28 tundra shrews (Sorex tundrensis), and 6 Siberian shrews (Crocidura sibirica), captured in 11 localities in Western and Eastern Siberia during June 2007 to September 2008, were analyzed for hantavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Hantavirus L and S segment sequences, detected in 11 S. araneus, 2 S. tundrensis, and 2 S. daphaenodon, were closely related to SWSV, differing from the prototype mp70 strain by 16.3-20.2% at the nucleotide level and 1.4-1.7% at the amino acid level. Alignment and comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed an intrastrain difference of 0-11.0% and 0% for the L segment and 0.2-8.5% and 0% for the S segment, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis, using neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian methods, showed geographic-specific clustering of SWSV strains in Western and Eastern Siberia. CONCLUSIONS This is the first definitive report of shrew-borne hantaviruses in Siberia, and demonstrates the impressive distribution of SWSV among phylogenetically related Sorex species. Coevolution and local adaptation of SWSV genetic variants in specific chromosomal races of S. araneus may account for their geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila N Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia.
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22
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Olsson GE, Leirs H, Henttonen H. Hantaviruses and their hosts in Europe: reservoirs here and there, but not everywhere? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:549-61. [PMID: 20795916 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Five hantaviruses are known to circulate among rodents in Europe, and at least two among insectivores. Four (Dobrava, Saaremaa, Seoul, and Puumala [PUUV] viruses) are clearly associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). PUUV, the most common etiological agent of HFRS in Europe, is carried by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), one of the most widespread and abundant mammal species in Europe. This host-virus system is among hantaviruses also the most studied one in Europe. However, HFRS incidence varies throughout the continent. The spatial as well as temporal variation in the occurrence of HFRS is linked to geographic differences in the population dynamics of the reservoir rodents in different biomes of Europe. While rodent abundance may follow mast seeding events in many parts of temperate Europe, in northern (N) Europe multiannual cycles in population density exist as the result of the interaction between rodent populations and specialist predator populations in a delayed density-dependent manner. The spatial distribution of hantaviruses further depends on parameters such as forest patch size and connectivity of the most suitable rodent habitats, and the conditions for the survival of the virus outside the host, as well as historical distribution patterns (phylogeographies) of hosts and viruses. In multiannually fluctuating populations of rodents, with population increases of great amplitude, one should expect a simultaneous build-up of recently hantavirus-infected (shedding) rodents. The increasing number of infectious, virus-shedding rodents leads to a rapid transmission of hantavirus across the rodent population, and to humans. Our review discusses these aspects for PUUV, the only European hantavirus for which there is a reasonable, yet still far from complete, ecological continental-wide understanding. We discuss how this information could translate to other European hantavirus-host systems, and where the most important questions lie for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert E Olsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
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Abstract
To examine the host association of Tula virus (TULV), a hantavirus present in large parts of Europe, we investigated a total of 791 rodents representing 469 Microtus arvalis and 322 Microtus agrestis animals from northeast, northwest, and southeast Germany, including geographical regions with sympatric occurrence of both vole species, for the presence of TULV infections. Based on serological investigation, reverse transcriptase PCR, and subsequent sequence analysis of partial small (S) and medium (M) segments, we herein show that TULV is carried not only by its commonly known host M. arvalis but also frequently by M. agrestis in different regions of Germany for a prolonged time period. At one trapping site, TULV was exclusively detected in M. agrestis, suggesting an isolated transmission cycle in this rodent reservoir separate from spillover infections of TULV-carrying M. arvalis. Phylogenetic analysis of the S and M segment sequences demonstrated geographical clustering of the TULV sequences irrespective of the host, M. arvalis or M. agrestis. The novel TULV lineages from northeast, northwest, and southeast Germany described here are clearly separated from each other and from other German, European, or Asian lineages, suggesting their stable geographical localization and fast sequence evolution. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that TULV represents a promiscuous hantavirus with a large panel of susceptible hosts. In addition, this may suggest an alternative evolution mode, other than a strict coevolution, for this virus in its Microtus hosts, which should be proven in further large-scale investigations on sympatric Microtus hosts.
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Kang HJ, Arai S, Hope AG, Song JW, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Seewis virus in the Eurasian common shrew in Finland and Hungary. Virol J 2009; 6:208. [PMID: 19930716 PMCID: PMC2789066 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent identification of a newfound hantavirus, designated Seewis virus (SWSV), in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), captured in Switzerland, corroborates decades-old reports of hantaviral antigens in this shrew species from Russia. To ascertain the spatial or geographic variation of SWSV, archival liver tissues from 88 Eurasian common shrews, trapped in Finland in 1982 and in Hungary during 1997, 1999 and 2000, were analyzed for hantavirus RNAs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. SWSV RNAs were detected in 12 of 22 (54.5%) and 13 of 66 (19.7%) Eurasian common shrews from Finland and Hungary, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of S- and L-segment sequences of SWSV strains, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, revealed geographic-specific genetic variation, similar to the phylogeography of rodent-borne hantaviruses, suggesting long-standing hantavirus-host co-evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ji Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Korva M, Duh D, Puterle A, Trilar T, Zupanc TA. First molecular evidence of Tula hantavirus in Microtus voles in Slovenia. Virus Res 2009; 144:318-22. [PMID: 19410611 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Different Microtus species, present in a worldwide range habitat populating North America, Europe, Asia, and few other species have been recognized previously as a hantavirus reservoir. Tula hantavirus was first reported in Microtus arvalis and Microtus rossiaemeridionalis from Central Russia and later discovered in several European countries. Using molecular techniques we have demonstrated the presence of Tula hantavirus in three different Microtus species in Slovenia. Phylogenetic analyses of partial S segment placed Slovenian strains in the same genetic lineage as Austrian and Croatian strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Korva
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jakab F, Horváth G, Ferenczi E, Sebők J, Szűcs G. First detection of Tula hantaviruses in Microtus arvalis voles in Hungary. Arch Virol 2008; 153:2093-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Plyusnina A, Laakkonen J, Niemimaa J, Henttonen H, Plyusnin A. New Genetic Lineage of Tula Hantavirus in Microtus arvalis obscurus in Eastern Kazakhstan. Open Virol J 2008; 2:32-6. [PMID: 19440462 PMCID: PMC2678817 DOI: 10.2174/1874357900802010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequences of Tula (TULV) hantavirus were recovered from tissue samples of European common voles Microtus arvalis (subspecies obscurus) captured in Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Phylogenetic analysis of the S genomic segment of Kazakh TULV strains showed that they form distinct, well supported genetic lineage and share a more ancient common ancestor with two Russian lineages of TULV. The deduced sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Kazakh TULV strains carried specific amino acid signature: T274Q276T281. The Microtus arvalis group includes several sibling species and/or subspecies in Eurasia, indicating recent and ongoing evolutionary radiation. Our data on TULV lineages in Central Asia, the region not studied for hantaviruses earlier, highlight the diversity of both Microtus host and the virus and also their co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Plyusnina
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Jääskeläinen KM, Plyusnina A, Lundkvist A, Vaheri A, Plyusnin A. Tula hantavirus isolate with the full-length ORF for nonstructural protein NSs survives for more consequent passages in interferon-competent cells than the isolate having truncated NSs ORF. Virol J 2008; 5:3. [PMID: 18190677 PMCID: PMC2253529 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The competitiveness of two Tula hantavirus (TULV) isolates, TULV/Lodz and TULV/Moravia, was evaluated in interferon (IFN) -competent and IFN-deficient cells. The two isolates differ in the length of the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the nonstructural protein NSs, which has previously been shown to inhibit IFN response in infected cells. Results In IFN-deficient Vero E6 cells both TULV isolates survived equally well. In contrast, in IFN-competent MRC5 cells TULV/Lodz isolate, that possesses the NSs ORF for the full-length protein of 90 aa, survived for more consequent passages than TULV/Moravia isolate, which contains the ORF for truncated NSs protein (66–67 aa). Conclusion Our data show that expression of a full-length NSs protein is beneficial for the virus survival and competitiveness in IFN-competent cells and not essential in IFN-deficient cells. These results suggest that the N-terminal aa residues are important for the full activity of the NSs protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M Jääskeläinen
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Song KJ, Baek LJ, Moon S, Ha SJ, Kim SH, Park KS, Klein TA, Sames W, Kim HC, Lee JS, Yanagihara R, Song JW. Muju virus, a novel hantavirus harboured by the arvicolid rodent Myodes regulus in Korea. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:3121-3129. [PMID: 17947538 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-phase sera from >5 % of cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurring annually in Korea have been found to exhibit a fourfold or higher antibody titre to Puumala virus (PUUV) than to Hantaan virus (HTNV) by double-sandwich IgM ELISA, suggesting the existence of a PUUV-related hantavirus. Based on the phylogenetic relationships among arvicolid rodents, the royal vole (Myodes regulus) was targeted as a likely reservoir host of hantavirus. Using RT-PCR, a genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Muju virus (MUJV), was detected in lung tissue of royal voles, captured in widely separated geographical regions in Korea during 1996-2007. Pairwise analysis of the full-length S (1857 nt) and M (3634 nt) segments of MUJV indicated approximately 77 % sequence similarity with PUUV. At the amino acid level, MUJV differed from PUUV by 5.5-6.9 % (nucleocapsid) and 10.0-11.6 % (Gn and Gc envelope glycoproteins). Interstrain variation of MUJV sequences from royal voles captured in different regions suggested geographic-specific clustering. Neutralizing antibody titres against PUUV were two- to sixfold higher than to HTNV in sera of MUJV-infected Myodes regulus. Although virus isolation attempts were unsuccessful, the collective data indicate that MUJV is a distinct hantavirus species.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arvicolinae/virology
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Orthohantavirus/classification
- Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification
- Hantavirus Infections/veterinary
- Korea
- Lung/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Viral Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Joon Song
- Bank for Pathogenic Viruses, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luck Ju Baek
- Bank for Pathogenic Viruses, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsil Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Jung Ha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Sook Park
- Bank for Pathogenic Viruses, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Terry A Klein
- Force Health Protection, 18th Medical Command, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205, Korea
| | - William Sames
- Force Health Protection, 18th Medical Command, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205, Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Medical Battalion (Area Support), 18th Medical Command, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205, Korea
| | - John S Lee
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Bank for Pathogenic Viruses, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Baek LJ, Kariwa H, Lokugamage K, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Takashima I, Kang JI, Moon SS, Chung SY, Kim EJ, Kang HJ, Song KJ, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song JW. Soochong virus: An antigenically and genetically distinct hantavirus isolated fromApodemus peninsulae in Korea. J Med Virol 2005; 78:290-7. [PMID: 16372283 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hantaan (HTN) virus, the etiologic agent of clinically severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), was first isolated in 1976 from lung tissue of a striped-field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) captured in Songnae-ri, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. Found primarily in mountainous areas, the Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae) is the second-most dominant field rodent species found throughout Korea. A new hantavirus, designated Soochong (SOO), was isolated in Vero E6 cells from four A. peninsulae captured in August 1997 at Mt. Gyebang in Hongcheon-gun, Mt. Gachil, Inje-gun, Gangwon Province, and in September 1998 at Mt. Deogyu, Muju-gun, Jeollabuk Province. The entire S, M, and L genomic segments of SOO virus, amplified by RT-PCR from lung tissues of seropositive A. peninsulae and from virus-infected Vero E6 cells, diverged from HTN virus (strain 76-118) by 15.6%, 22.8%, and 21.7% at the nucleotide level and 3.5%, 9.5%, and 4.6% at the amino acid level, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, using the maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, indicated that SOO virus was distinct from A. agrarius-borne HTN virus. SOO virus shared a common ancestry with Amur virus from Far East Russia, as well as with H5 and B78 hantaviruses, previously isolated from HFRS patients in China. Cross-focus-reduction neutralizating antibody tests showed that SOO virus, which is the first hantavirus isolated in cell culture from A. peninsulae, could be classified as a new hantavirus serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luck Ju Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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