Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

The interaction between polyphenol intake and genes (MC4R, Cav-1, and Cry1) related to body homeostasis and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is an important global health challenge, is expanding. One of the main factors in the occurrence of CVD is a high genetic risk. The interaction between genetic risk in CVD and nutrition is debatable. Polyphenols are one of the important dietary components that may have a protective role in people who have a high genetic risk score (GRS) for cardiometabolic risk factors. This study, conducted in overweight and obese women, examines the interaction between polyphenol intake and specific genes (MC4r, Cav-1, and Cry1) related to maintaining body balance and their interaction with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 391 women who were overweight or obese, aged 18 to 48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2. Body composition was measured using the InBody 770 scanner. Total dietary polyphenol intake (TDPI) was assessed with a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and polyphenol intakes were determined using the Phenol-Explorer database. Serum samples underwent biochemical tests. The Genetic Risk Score (GRS) was calculated based on the risk alleles of three genes: MC4r, Cav-1, and Cry1.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and BMI of women were 36.67 (9.1) years and 30.98 (3.9) kg/m2, respectively. The high GRS and high TDPI group had a significant negative interaction with fasting blood glucose (FBS) (p = 0.01). Individuals who had a high GRS and a high phenolic acid intake were found to have a significant negative interaction with Triglyceride (p = 0.04). Similarly, individuals with high GRS and a high intake of flavonoids had a significant negative interaction with TG (p < 0.01) and a significant positive interaction with High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.01) in the adjusted model.

Conclusion

According to our findings, those with a high GRS may have a protective effect on cardiometabolic risk factors by consuming high amounts of polyphenols. Further studies will be necessary in the future to validate this association.

Ultra-processed food consumption and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women

Background

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been associated with a higher intake of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats; however, the relationship between UPFs and quality of life (QoL) is not well understood.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study included 193 Iranian women aged 18-48 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed using an appropriate method.

Results

The mean BMI and fat-free mass (FFM) of the subjects were 30.90 kg/m2 and 46.69 kg, respectively. At first, a significant difference was observed in the height of women across tertiles of UPF consumption. The mean score of the total QoL scale was 66.90. Women who were in the tertile 3 of UPFs intake had 23.59 units lower the scale of limitation in physical capabilities and activity (score of role-physical) (β = -23.59, 95% CI: -37.77-9.40, p = 0.001). Among those with the highest adherence to UPF intake, there was an 8.76 unit reduction in addressing feelings of energy and fatigue (vitality domain) in model 2 (β = -8.76, 95% CI: -16.42-1.11, p = 0.02). Finally, a reduction of 15.78 units was observed in the mental health scale, specifically in the mental states of anxiety and depression, among participants in the third tertile of UPF intake (β = -15.78, 95% CI: -24.11-7.45, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Increased UPF consumption was associated with lower QoL in Iranian women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and develop effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.

Are there any interactions between modified Nordic-style diet score and MC4R polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese women? A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women globally. Recent studies have reported that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be related to the incidence of obesity and the risk of CVD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interactions between the modified Nordic-style diet score (MND) and MC4R gene variant on markers of CVD.

METHODS

The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 282 Iranian women, aged 18-48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. MND score was assessed using a 147 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Genotyping of the MC4R (rs17782313) was conducted by the PCR method. The anthropometric measurements and serum profiles were assessed by standard protocols.

RESULTS

The means and standard deviation (SD) of age, weight, and BMI of individuals were 36.67 ± 9.10 years, 81.29 ± 12.43 kg, and 31.26 ± 4.29 kg/m2, respectively. The overall prevalence of rs17782313 genotypes was 30.1%, 24.8%, and 45.1% for TT, TC, and CC, respectively. Our results showed significant negative interactions between high MND score and rs17782313 SNP in terms of visceral fat level (VFL) (β: -10.84, 95% CI: -20.64 to -1.04, P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (β: -24.24, 95% CI: -49.87 to 1.38, P = 0.06) in the crude model. After adjusting confounders, the interaction between high MND scores and VFL remained significant.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that diet, gene variants, and their interaction should be considered in metabolic disease risk assessment. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and better elucidate the interaction.

The association between recommended and non-recommended food scores on cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight adult women: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

Obesity is a highly prevalent, non-communicable, disease associated with numerous comorbid complications, such as cardiovascular disease. Following a healthy diet is known to help reduce the risk of both obesity and cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of recommended food score (RFS) and none recommended food score (NRFS) with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed on 379 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18-48 years. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were assessed in all participants. Dietary intake was assessed by a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items, and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments including TC, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were quantified by ELISA.

RESULTS

The mean age and BMI of participants were 36.73 ± 9.21 (y) and 31.17 ± 4.22 (kg/m2), respectively. Binary logistic regression showed that participants in the highest tertile of the RFS compared to the lowest tertile had 57% lower odds for hypertriglyceridemia [OR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.20-0.92, P = 0.03]. Subjects with high adherence to the NRFS had lower HDL [OR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.08-4.12, P = 0.02] and higher odds for hypertriglyceridemia [OR = 2.95, 95%CI = 1.47-5.94, P = 0.002] compared to low adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

There was an inverse significant association between adherence to RFS and odds of hypertriglyceridemia. There was a significant association between NRFS and hypertriglyceridemia, in addition to an inverse association between NRFS and HDL. We recommend that people increase their consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats or meat alternates, and low-fat dairy and avoid red meat, processed meat, chips, high-fat dairy, solid oil, refined grains, and variety of sweetened foods to prevent cardiovascular disease.