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Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Kandlur R, Esposito EC, Liu RT. Thwarted Belongingness Mediates Interpersonal Stress and Suicidal Thoughts: An Intensive Longitudinal Study with High-risk Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 51:295-311. [PMID: 34570668 PMCID: PMC8957618 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal negative life events (NLEs) have been linked to risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, little is known about how this risk is conferred over the short term and the mechanisms linking interpersonal NLEs to suicide risk, particularly in adolescents. This study used an intensive longitudinal design to examine thwarted belongingness with family and friends as potential mechanisms linking interpersonal NLEs to suicidal thoughts. METHOD Forty-eight adolescents (Mage = 14.96 years; 64.6% female, 77.1% White), who recently received acute psychiatric care for suicide risk, were followed intensely for 28 days after discharge. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment was used to measure presence of interpersonal NLEs at the day level, fluctuations in thwarted belongingness with family and friends (separately) within day, and fluctuations in suicidal thoughts within day. A multi-level structural equation model was utilized to examine family thwarted belongingness and friend thwarted belongingness as parallel mediators in the relationship between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Significant direct effects were observed between interpersonal NLEs and family thwarted belongingness, family thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts, and friend thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts. In addition, family, but not friend, thwarted belongingness significantly mediated the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal NLEs predicted greater suicidal thoughts over the short term (next day) in high-risk adolescents. Findings suggest how interpersonal NLEs may confer risk for suicidal thoughts - by reducing feelings of family belongingness. Future research is needed to examine how modifying belongingness may reduce suicide risk in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University.,Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | | | | | - Richard T Liu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
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2
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Hopkins ZL, Yuill N, Branigan HP. Autistic children's language imitation shows reduced sensitivity to ostracism. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1929-1941. [PMID: 34105047 PMCID: PMC9021065 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In dialogue, speakers tend to imitate, or align with, a partner's language choices. Higher levels of alignment facilitate communication and can be elicited by affiliation goals. Since autistic children have interaction and communication impairments, we investigated whether a failure to display affiliative language imitation contributes to their conversational difficulties. We measured autistic children's lexical alignment with a partner, following an ostracism manipulation which induces affiliative motivation in typical adults and children. While autistic children demonstrated lexical alignment, we observed no affiliative influence on ostracised children's tendency to align, relative to controls. Our results suggest that increased language imitation-a potentially valuable form of social adaptation-is unavailable to autistic children, which may reflect their impaired affective understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë L Hopkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Nicola Yuill
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Holly P Branigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion and verbal harassment on emotional, stress, and coping responses. Twenty-nine undergraduate students (16 females aged 18.25 ± 0.58 years and 13 males aged 18.46 ± 1.13 years) volunteered for the study. All volunteers participated in two experiments that stimulated cyberbullying through social exclusion or verbal harassment. In the first experiment, the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion were investigated using a virtual ball-tossing game known as Cyberball. In the second experiment, the influence of cyberbullying through verbal harassment was tested using a hypothetical scenario together with reading of online comments. Emotional, stress, and coping responses were measured via the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, and the Coping Inventory for Task Stress, respectively. The results demonstrated that social exclusion and verbal harassment induced a negative emotional state. We also found that verbal harassment through the use of impolite language increased engagement, and increased worry compared with social exclusion effects.
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Yang Y, Wang L, Passmore HA, Zhang J, Zhu L, Cai H. Viewing nature scenes reduces the pain of social ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology 2020; 161:197-215. [PMID: 32633650 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2020.1784826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a series of four studies (Ns = 245, 135, 155, 222), we explored the effects of viewing nature scenes on promoting recovery from ostracism. We first manipulated experiences of ostracism, then randomly assigned participants to view photos of either nature, urban scenes, or neutral objects. Across all four studies, participants who viewed nature photos reported significantly lower levels of state social pain, along with significantly higher levels of affect balance and self-esteem. Moreover, when asked to look back and recall how they felt at the time of being ostracized, participants who viewed nature photos reported significantly higher levels of retrospective satisfaction of basic emotional needs than did participants in control conditions. An internal meta-analysis revealed an effect size of d = 0.58. These studies are the first, to our knowledge, to provide experimental evidence of how exposure to nature can alleviate the pain of social ostracism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lishen Wang
- Education College, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Holli-Anne Passmore
- Nature Connectedness Group, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Mental Health Education & Counseling Centre, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Rączy K, Orzechowski J. When working memory is in a mood: Combined effects of induced affect and processing of emotional words. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIt is already well established that the working memory system can be influenced by moods or emotional stimuli. However, the exact combined impact of these two on the performance of working memory remains a puzzle. To examine the effect that the emotional content of stimuli has on working memory performance, 90 participants performed a 2-back task with emotional content (positive, neutral, and negative words) when they were in a positive, neutral, or negative mood. Repeated-measures ANOVA with mood as between-subjects factor and emotional load as within-subjects factor revealed a main effect of emotional content for both performance accuracy and reaction times in a 2-back task, and a main effect of mood for performance accuracy. Participants reacted significantly faster to negative words independently of their mood state. They were significantly more accurate when they were in the positive mood, but when they processed positive words they were less accurate. Additionally, to test whether loading the working memory system can reset the combined effect of mood and emotional stimuli, we measured the participants’ mood before and after they performed the n-back task; this revealed a significant effect of the n-back task on the mood. Together, these results suggest that although mood and emotional content do have a robust effect on working memory, in some instances combining them does not heighten their individual effects. Moreover, the results also show that participants might be easily distracted from moods by simply performing an n-back task.
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Dispositional and experimentally primed attachment security reduced cyber aggression after cyber ostracism. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schneider FM, Zwillich B, Bindl MJ, Hopp FR, Reich S, Vorderer P. Social media ostracism: The effects of being excluded online. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Trimmer E, McDonald S, Kelly M, Rushby JA. The Physiological and Psychological Effects of Ostracism in Adults with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2326-2335. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Sandstrom MJ, Deutz MHF, Lansu TAM, van Noorden THJ, Karremans JC, Cillessen AHN. Unanimous versus partial rejection: How the number of excluders influences the impact of ostracism in children. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:190-203. [PMID: 27629385 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that ostracism-the experience of being ignored and excluded-has negative effects on all of us, young and old. Using a Cyberball paradigm, the present research replicates the effects of ostracism on the moods (anger, anxiety, happiness, and anger) and fundamental needs (belongingness, control, meaningful existence, and self-esteem) of children (Study 1) and then extends the literature by examining the role of the number of ostracizers and inclusive members in this process by randomly assigning children to conditions varying in degree of ostracism (Study 2). Results of both studies showed that experiencing ostracism strongly and negatively affected all moods and fundamental needs-with the exception of anxiety. Study 2 in addition showed that the ratio of excluders to inclusive group members had different effects across outcomes. In all cases, complete ostracism produced the worst outcomes, suggesting that the presence of even a single ally reduces children's distress. For sadness, unanimous ostracism seemed particularly toxic. In some cases, facing two ostracizers produced significantly worse outcomes than only one, suggesting that consensual rejection might drive the negative effects on happiness, and sense of belonging, control, and meaningful existence. For self-esteem, only one ostracizer (in the presence of two inclusive members) was sufficient to induce a negative effect. Aggr. Behav. 43:190-203, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marike H. F. Deutz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Radboud University; Behavioural Science Institute (BSI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tessa A. M. Lansu
- Radboud University; Behavioural Science Institute (BSI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan C. Karremans
- Radboud University; Behavioural Science Institute (BSI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Pfeiffer S, In-Albon T. Virtueller sozialer Ausschluss. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Soziale Ausgrenzung bzw. Ostrazismus bedroht das Gefühl menschlicher Existenz, da soziale Zugehörigkeit eines unserer psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse ist. Fragestellung: Der Einfluss verschiedener Experimentalbedingungen (Erhöhung der Mitspieleranzahl, Hinzufügen von Fotos, Stimmungsinduktion) im Cyberball-Paradigma in einer Stichprobe von Jugendlichen. Dieser wird anhand eines Gefühlsratings im prä-post Vergleich sowie vier psychologischen Grundbedürfnissen (Bedeutsame Existenz, Zugehörigkeit, Kontrolle und Selbstwert) untersucht. Darüber hinaus wird explorativ der Einfluss von Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten und Depressions-Angst-Stress-Symptomen auf den Effekt von Cyberostrazismus mit einbezogen. Methode: Bei 117 Jugendlichen zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren wurde Cyberostrazismus induziert. Ergebnisse: Nach dem Cyberballspiel zeigten Jugendliche eine signifikante Steigerung von Ärger (d = 0.61) und Traurigkeit (d = 0.57) sowie einer Reduktion von Freude (d = 0.55) und Aufregung (d = 0.47). Eine Erhöhung der Mitspielerzahl ergab eine geringere Beeinträchtigung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse, im Vergleich zu den anderen drei Experimentalbedingungen. Depressions-Angst-Stress-Symptome und Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten standen im Zusammenhang mit einer signifikant stärkeren Minderung des Selbstwerts mit großer Effektstärke (f 2 = .43). Schlussfolgerung: Die Induktion von Cyberostrazimus zeigte sich in dieser Studie erfolgreich. Die erweiterten Experimentalbedingungen ergaben sowohl auf Gefühlsebene, als auch in einer Minderung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse keine Vorteile im Vergleich zur Basisversion. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse die negativen psychischen Auswirkungen von Cyberostrazismus sowie den Einfluss von Psychopathologie i.S. eines geringeren Selbstwerts nach der Induktion von Cyberostrazimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pfeiffer
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Koblenz Landau, Campus Landau
| | - Tina In-Albon
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Koblenz Landau, Campus Landau
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11
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van Noordt SJR, White LO, Wu J, Mayes LC, Crowley MJ. Social exclusion modulates event-related frontal theta and tracks ostracism distress in children. Neuroimage 2015; 118:248-55. [PMID: 26048623 PMCID: PMC4554839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Social exclusion is a potent elicitor of distress. Previous studies have shown that medial frontal theta oscillations are modulated by the experience of social exclusion. Using the Cyberball paradigm, we examined event-related dynamics of theta power in the EEG at medial frontal sites while children aged 8-12 years were exposed to conditions of fair play and social exclusion. Using an event-related design, we found that medial frontal theta oscillations (4-8Hz) increase during both early (i.e., 200-400ms) and late (i.e., 400-800ms) processing of rejection events during social exclusion relative to perceptually identical "not my turn" events during inclusion. Importantly, we show that only for the later time window (400-800ms) slow-wave theta power tracks self-reported ostracism distress. Specifically, greater theta power at medial frontal sites to "rejection" events predicted higher levels of ostracism distress. Alpha and beta oscillations for rejection events were unrelated to ostracism distress at either 200-400ms or 400-800ms time windows. Our findings extend previous studies by showing that medial frontal theta oscillations for rejection events are a neural signature of social exclusion, linked to experienced distress in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefon J R van Noordt
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Brock University, Saint Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Lars O White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jia Wu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Developmental Electrophysiology Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Developmental Electrophysiology Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Program for Anxiety Disorders, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Developmental Electrophysiology Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Center for Translational Developmental Neuroscience (CTDN), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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12
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Kelly M, McDonald S, Kellett D. The psychological effects of ostracism following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2013; 27:1676-84. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.834381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia and
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