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Associations Between Instagram Addiction, Academic Performance, Social Anxiety, Depression, and Life Satisfaction Among University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Neumann RJ, Ahrens KF, Kollmann B, Goldbach N, Chmitorz A, Weichert D, Fiebach CJ, Wessa M, Kalisch R, Lieb K, Tüscher O, Plichta MM, Reif A, Matura S. The impact of physical fitness on resilience to modern life stress and the mediating role of general self-efficacy. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:679-692. [PMID: 34622343 PMCID: PMC9095527 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence shows that physical activity and fitness play a protective role in the development of stress related disorders. However, the beneficial effects of fitness for resilience to modern life stress are not fully understood. Potentially protective effects may be attributed to enhanced resilience via underlying psychosocial mechanisms such as self-efficacy expectations. This study investigated whether physical activity and fitness contribute to prospectively measured resilience and examined the mediating effect of general self-efficacy. 431 initially healthy adults participated in fitness assessments as part of a longitudinal-prospective study, designed to identify mechanisms of resilience. Self-efficacy and habitual activity were assessed in parallel to cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, which were determined by a submaximal step-test, hand strength and standing long jump test. Resilience was indexed by stressor reactivity: mental health problems in relation to reported life events and daily hassles, monitored quarterly for nine months. Hierarchical linear regression models and bootstrapped mediation analyses were applied. We could show that muscular and self-perceived fitness were positively associated with stress resilience. Extending this finding, the muscular fitness-resilience relationship was partly mediated by self-efficacy expectations. In this context, self-efficacy expectations may act as one underlying psychological mechanism, with complementary benefits for the promotion of mental health. While physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness did not predict resilience prospectively, we found muscular and self-perceived fitness to be significant prognostic parameters for stress resilience. Although there is still more need to identify specific fitness parameters in light of stress resilience, our study underscores the general relevance of fitness for stress-related disorders prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Neumann
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - K. F. Ahrens
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - B. Kollmann
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Goldbach
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - A. Chmitorz
- grid.448696.10000 0001 0338 9080Faculty of Social Work, Education and Nursing Sciences, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany
| | - D. Weichert
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - C. J. Fiebach
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Wessa
- grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Kalisch
- grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Lieb
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - O. Tüscher
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. M. Plichta
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - A. Reif
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S. Matura
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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SILISTEANU SC, SILISTEANU AE, ANTONESCU OR, DUICA LC. Assessment of the physical and emotional health concerning the students' physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. SARS CoV-2 caused the third global pandemic and by applying quarantine / isolation / lockdown, the movement was restricted, the physical contact between people was reduced, the physical activity was low, but the activities using electronic devices at home were frequent.
The aim of the study was to assess the physical and emotional health in relation to the physical activities done during quarantine/ isolation during the pandemic.
Material and method. The study was cross-sectional and consisted of completing an online questionnaire. It was conducted in a period of 6 months and it included 334 students. In order to point out the symptoms caused by quarantine / isolation/ lockdown, we considered it useful for students to participate by completing an online questionnaire about physical activities, physical health and emotional state, related to the implications of participating in online courses.
Results. The questions in this questionnaire were grouped on the following aspects: physical activity, physical health, emotional state, all in the context of the pandemic period, including the period in which the academic activity was online. Thus, in the first year, there is a positive correlation between physical condition, physical activity, emotional signs and cognitive ones. In the second year, the positive correlation is present between the physical and the affective signs, whereas the negative correlation is between the affective signs, the cognitive ones and the physical activity. In the third year, the positive correlation is obvious between the affective signs, the cognitive ones and the physical activity, whereas the negative one between the physical and cognitive signs, as well as between the physical activity and the cognitive and physical signs.
Discussions. There is a link between emotional and cognitive symptoms and physical health. Fear, anxiety, behavioral disorders, and limited physical activity among students during this period can be a public health issue.
Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the physical and mental state, with a greater resonance for youth, especially pupils and students. Many of them had emotional, behavioral, physical and cognitive symptoms. These symptoms are found to a greater extent in students in the final years, due to the social impact, social and professional integration.
Keywords: physical health, mental state, students,
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinziana-Calina SILISTEANU
- Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, , 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | | | - Oana-Raluca ANTONESCU
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 2-4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Lavinia Corina DUICA
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169, Sibiu, Romania; Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 12 Dr. D. Bagdasar Str., 550082 Sibiu, Romania
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Wunsch K, Fiedler J, Bachert P, Woll A. The Tridirectional Relationship among Physical Activity, Stress, and Academic Performance in University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E739. [PMID: 33467118 PMCID: PMC7830011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Higher education students often suffer from physiological and psychological health problems caused by stress, which may negatively impact their academic performance (AP). Physical activity (PA) can be a promising strategy to buffer these stress-induced complaints. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to summarize evidence for the tridimensional construct of PA, stress, and AP, as well as to quantify the relationships among these variables. Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, SMEI, ERIC, and Web of Science) were systematically searched in November 2019 for publications that examined PA, stress, and AP of university students, without any restrictions regarding the publication period. The systematic review includes four original research studies with a moderate-to-high risk of bias. Results of included studies were narratively summarized and quantified in a meta-analysis using random effect models. Whereas study results point to a positive relation between PA and AP, relationships between PA and stress seem to be negative, while the relation between stress and AP is undecided. The meta-analysis found no significant associations and considerable heterogeneity of the results. Findings indicate a research gap concerning the connection of PA, stress, and AP in university students. Future studies should use validated measuring tools and consider the timepoint of data collection in order to extract truly stressful periods.
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Chovanec L, Gröpel P. Effects of 8-week endurance and resistance training programmes on cardiovascular stress responses, life stress and coping. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1699-1707. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1756672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Chovanec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology, Work, Education, and Economy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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The Role of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Change of Work-Related Stress (ERI) over Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234839. [PMID: 31810172 PMCID: PMC6926793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Every second employee in Europe complains about work-related stress. Occupational stress due to an imbalance between efforts spent and rewards gained (effort-reward imbalance = ERI) is well investigated and it is associated with mental and physical health. A common guess is that leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has beneficial effects on work-related stress. Yet, evidence in support of this assumption is weak, especially regarding ERI-stress. Longitudinal studies investigating the role of LTPA on ERI are missing. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of LTPA on work-related stress by ERI over time. Methods: 3961 socially insured employees that were born in 1959 or 1965 and working in the first (t1: 2011) and second wave (t2: 2014) of the lidA-study were included. Work-related stress was measured by ERI, LTPA by the self-rated weekly frequency of physical activities. Besides the direct effect, a moderating effect of LTPA on ERI over time was tested in the multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The ERI at t1 was strongly associated with ERI at t2. While LTPA had no direct effect on ERI(t2), it was a significant moderator of ERI from t1 to t2: The higher the frequency of LTPA, the lower ERI was over time. This interaction of LTPA with ERI remained after adjustment for socio-demographic factors. Conclusions: The long-term moderating effect of LTPA on ERI is in agreement with former investigations on the role of LTPA on work-related stress, generally, and on its cross-sectional effect on ERI-stress, specifically. Some of Hill’s criteria of a causal association in epidemiology (biological gradient, temporality, consistency) support our findings. As LTPA has also been shown to exert a protective effect on health outcomes that are associated with ERI, the moderation of ERI by LTPA could partly explain this protective effect. Future observational and interventional studies are required to support our results over more than two age groups and study times.
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Wunsch K, Wurst R, von Dawans B, Strahler J, Kasten N, Fuchs R. Habitual and acute exercise effects on salivary biomarkers in response to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:216-225. [PMID: 31003138 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests beneficial effects of physical exercise on stress reactivity due to cross-stressor adaptions of physiological stress response systems. However, results remain inconclusive and it is unclear whether only regular engagement in exercise modulates these physiological adaptations or if acute bouts of exercise can elicit similar adaptations. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate and compare the effects of habitual and acute exercise on physiological stress responses. METHODS 84 male participants between 18 and 30 years (half of them were screened to be habitually high active or low active) were randomized into one of two groups: either an acute exercise intervention group (n = 42 with 50% being habitually high active) which engaged in 30 min of moderate-to-high intensity ergometer bicycling, or a control (placebo exercise) group which engaged in 30 min of light stretching (n = 42 with 50% being habitually high active). Following the intervention period, participants took part in a well validated psychosocial stress paradigm. Saliva samples were taken repeatedly to derive alpha-amylase and cortisol as stress-specific parameters. A multilevel growth curve approach was applied to analyse changes in the stress parameters over time. RESULTS Both, acute and habitual exercise have shown to be positively related to stress reactivity. In particular, a reduction in stress activation was found for both types of exercise, but only habitual engagement in exercise exhibited a beneficial effect on peak cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, people can profit from regular exercise (i.e. reduced activity of stress-response systems). However, even acute bouts of exercise preceding stress exposure showed beneficial effects on stress reactivity. This finding is particularly important as it may provide a (self-)regulatory mechanism for people facing conceivable acute stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wunsch
- Department of Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, Freiburg 79117, Germany; Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Ramona Wurst
- Department of Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, Freiburg 79117, Germany.
| | - Bernadette von Dawans
- Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, Trier 54290, Germany.
| | - Jana Strahler
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Nadine Kasten
- Department of Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, Freiburg 79117, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Fuchs
- Department of Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, Freiburg 79117, Germany.
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Storm V, Reinwand DA, Wienert J, Tan SL, Lippke S. The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support Between Physical Activity Habit Strength and Depressive Symptoms in People Seeking to Decrease Their Cardiovascular Risk: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e11124. [PMID: 30429112 PMCID: PMC6300041 DOI: 10.2196/11124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity treatment has been advocated for the prevention and rehabilitation of patients at risk of cardiovascular diseases and depressive symptoms. How physical activity is related to depressive symptoms is widely discussed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this internet-based study was to investigate the role of perceived social support in the relationship between physical activity habit strength and depressive symptoms. METHODS In total, 790 participants (mean 50.9 years, SD 12.2, range 20-84 years) who were interested in reducing their cardiovascular risk were recruited in Germany and the Netherlands. Data collection was conducted via an internet-based questionnaire addressing physical activity habit strength, depressive symptoms, and perceived social support. Cross-sectional data analysis was done with SPSS version 24 using the Macro PROCESS version 2 16.3 by Hayes with bootstrapping (10,000 samples), providing 95% CIs. RESULTS Physical activity habit strength was negatively related to depressive symptoms (r=-.13, P=.006), but this interrelation disappeared when controlling for perceived social support (beta=-.14, SE 0.09, P=.11). However, there was an indirect relationship between physical activity habit strength and depressive symptoms, which was mediated via perceived social support (beta=-.13; SE 0.04, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.06). The negative relationship between physical activity habit strength and depressive symptoms was fully mediated by perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that physical activity treatment in people interested in reducing their cardiovascular risk should also embed social support to target depressive symptoms. Internet-based interventions and electronic health may provide a good option for doing so. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01909349; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01909349 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73Y9RfdiY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Storm
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Julian Wienert
- Scientific Institute of Techniker Krankenkasse for Benefit and Efficiency in Health Care (WINEG), Hamburg, Germany
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shu-Ling Tan
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Social Sciences of Sport, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Bremen, Germany
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Mücke M, Ludyga S, Colledge F, Gerber M. Influence of Regular Physical Activity and Fitness on Stress Reactivity as Measured with the Trier Social Stress Test Protocol: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2018; 48:2607-2622. [PMID: 30159718 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress is associated with multiple health complaints. Research to date suggests that regular physical activity (PA) and higher cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce stress reactivity and therefore contribute to a reduction of stress-related risk factors. While previous reviews have not differentiated between stressors, we focus on psychosocial stress elicited with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the effect of regular PA and cardiorespiratory fitness on stress reactivity, with a particular focus on the TSST. The TSST is the laboratory task most widely used to induce socio-evaluative stress and elicits stronger stress reactions than most other cognitive stressor tasks. METHODS A systematic search within various databases was performed in January 2018. The following outcomes were considered: cortisol, heart rate, psychological stress reactivity, and potential moderators (age, sex, exercise intensity, assessment mode, and psychological constructs). RESULTS In total, 14 eligible studies were identified. Cortisol and heart rate reactivity were attenuated by higher PA or better fitness in seven of twelve studies and four of nine studies, respectively. Two of four studies reported smaller increases in anxiety and smaller decreases in calmness in physically active/fitter participants. Three of four studies found that higher PA/fitness was associated with more favorable mood in response to the TSST. CONCLUSION About half of the studies suggested that higher PA/fitness levels were associated with an attenuated response to psychosocial stress. Currently, most evidence is based on cross-sectional analyses. Therefore, a great need for further studies with longitudinal or experimental designs exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mücke
- Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, Basel, 4052, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Division of Sport and Health Pedagogy, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sport and Health Pedagogy, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
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Brailovskaia J, Teismann T, Margraf J. Physical activity mediates the association between daily stress and Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) – A longitudinal approach among German students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Voltmer JB, Voltmer E, Deller J. Differences of Four Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns in Work Ability and Other Work-Related Perceptions in a Finance Company. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1521. [PMID: 30022016 PMCID: PMC6068895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study applies a salutogenetic approach to psycho-social stress and wellbeing at work and for the first time analyzes the relation of an extended model of four work-related behavior and experience patterns to work related perceptions, like work ability, job satisfaction and turnover intention, or engagement. Employees of an international financial services company (N = 182) completed the questionnaire Work-related behavior and experience pattern (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster; AVEM). The AVEM has oftentimes been used for research in helping professions, but research in non-helping professions is scarce. In addition to the AVEM, measures of job satisfaction, work ability, work engagement, presenteeism, and turnover intention were included in this study. Almost half (46.2%) of the sample showed a rather unambitious attitude towards work, followed by a burnout-related risk pattern (22.0%), a healthy pattern (19.8%), and a pattern at risk for overexertion (12.1%). Significantly more favorable scores were found for all work-related perceptions in participants with the healthy pattern compared to those with the burnout-related risk pattern, except for turnover intention where no significant differences were found. For work ability and vigor, those with a healthy pattern also had significantly higher scores than those with an unambitious pattern and a pattern at risk for overexertion. Being at risk for burnout not only affects job-related wellbeing and coping resources, but also work ability and work engagement. A need for personnel and organizational development and health promotion is indicated by a high number of individuals with reduced working motivation and risk patterns for overexertion or burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bennet Voltmer
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Management & Organization (IMO), Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
- FernUniversität Hagen, Institute of Psychology, Universitätsstraße 47, 58097 Hagen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Voltmer
- Friedensau Adventist University, An der Ihle 19, 39291 Möckern-Friedensau, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Deller
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Management & Organization (IMO), Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
- Silver Workers Research Institute (SWRI), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 10, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
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Gröpel P, Urner M, Pruessner JC, Quirin M. Endurance- and Resistance-Trained Men Exhibit Lower Cardiovascular Responses to Psychosocial Stress Than Untrained Men. Front Psychol 2018; 9:852. [PMID: 29910757 PMCID: PMC5992644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that regular physical exercise reduces physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress. However, previous research mainly focused on the effect of endurance exercise, with only a few studies looking at the effect of resistance exercise. The current study tested whether individuals who regularly participate in either endurance or resistance training differ from untrained individuals in adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress. Twelve endurance-trained men, 10 resistance-trained men, and 12 healthy but untrained men were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test. Measurements of heart rate, free salivary cortisol levels, and mood were obtained throughout the test and compared among the three groups. Overall, both endurance- and resistance-trained men had lower heart rate levels than untrained men, indicating higher cardiac performance of the trained groups. Trained men also exhibited lower heart rate responses to psychosocial stress compared with untrained men. There were no significant group differences in either cortisol responses or mood responses to the stressor. The heart rate results are consistent with previous studies indicating reduced cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress in trained individuals. These findings suggest that long-term endurance and resistance trainings may be related to the same cardiovascular benefits, without exhibiting strong effects on the cortisol reactivity to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maren Urner
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Markus Quirin
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Jordan K. Trauma-informed counseling supervision: something every counselor should know about. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2018.1450274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jordan
- School of Counseling, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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Gerber M, Brand S, Elliot C, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U. Aerobic exercise, ball sports, dancing, and weight lifting as moderators of the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms: an exploratory cross-sectional study with swiss university students. Percept Mot Skills 2015; 119:679-97. [PMID: 25350930 DOI: 10.2466/06.pms.119c26z4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory study was designed to compare four types of exercise activities in Swiss university students. A sample of 201 medical students (136 women, 65 men; M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 2.4) and 250 exercise and health sciences students (144 women, 106 men; M age = 22.3 yr., SD = 2.2) participated in the study. They completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Depression Scale, and the Office in Motion Questionnaire. Interaction effects between stress and exercise activities were analysed using hierarchical regression analyses, after controlling for age, sex, and academic discipline. Frequent participation in ball sports and dancing were associated with decreased depressive symptoms among students with elevated perceived stress, whereas no such relationship existed among their peers with lower perceived stress. No stress-moderating effect was found for aerobic exercise. Weight lifting was only associated with lower depressive symptoms among students with low perceived stress. The present findings suggest that, among Swiss university students, certain exercises may have better potential to moderate the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms than others. Future research could analyze whether personalized exercise programs created to satisfy participants' individual needs are more beneficial for stress management.
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Reiner M, Niermann C, Jekauc D, Woll A. Long-term health benefits of physical activity--a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:813. [PMID: 24010994 PMCID: PMC3847225 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCD), like coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus, causes rising costs for the health system. Physical activity is supposed to reduce the risk for these diseases. Results of cross-sectional studies showed that physical activity is associated with better health, and that physical activity could prevent the development of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing evidence for the long-term (>5 years) relationship between physical activity and weight gain, obesity, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and dementia. METHODS Fifteen longitudinal studies with at least 5-year follow up times and a total of 288,724 subjects (>500 participants in each study), aged between 18 and 85 years, were identified using digital databases. Only studies published in English, about healthy adults at baseline, intentional physical activity and the listed NCDs were included. RESULTS The results of these studies show that physical activity appears to have a positive long-term influence on all selected diseases. CONCLUSIONS This review revealed a paucity of long-term studies on the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reiner
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christina Niermann
- Institute of Sport Science. University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sport Science. University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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