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Cleven L, Dziuba A, Krell-Roesch J, Schmidt SCE, Bös K, Jekauc D, Woll A. Longitudinal associations between physical activity and five risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:82. [PMID: 37098550 PMCID: PMC10131386 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the longitudinal association between (change in) physical activity (PA) with new onset of five risk factors of metabolic syndrome among 657 middle-aged adults (mean age 44.1 (standard deviation (SD) 8.6) years) who were free of the respective outcome at baseline, in a longitudinal cohort study spanning over 29 years. METHODS Levels of habitual PA and sports-related PA were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Incident elevated waist circumference (WC), elevated triglycerides (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL), elevated blood pressure (BP), and elevated blood-glucose (BG) were assessed by physicians and by self-reported questionnaires. We calculated Cox proportional hazard ratio regressions and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Over time, participants developed (cases of incident risk factor; mean (SD) follow-up time) elevated WC (234 cases; 12.3 (8.2) years), elevated TG (292 cases; 11.1 (7.8) years), reduced HDL (139 cases; 12.4 (8.1) years), elevated BP (185 cases; 11.4 (7.5) years), or elevated BG (47 cases; 14.2 (8.5) years). For PA variables at baseline, risk reductions ranging between 37 and 42% for reduced HDL levels were detected. Furthermore, higher levels of PA (≥ 16.6 METh per week) were associated with a 49% elevated risk for incident elevated BP. Participants who increased PA levels over time, had risk reductions ranging between 38 and 57% for elevated WC, elevated TG and reduced HDL. Participants with stable high amounts of PA from baseline to follow-up had risk reductions ranging between 45 and 87% for incident reduced HDL and elevated BG. CONCLUSIONS PA at baseline, starting PA engagement, maintaining and increasing PA level over time are associated with favorable metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cleven
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Anna Dziuba
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janina Krell-Roesch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen C E Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Bös
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Schmidt SCE, Dziuba A, Bös K, Jekauc D, Woll A. Longitudinal association between physical activity and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19424. [PMID: 36371479 PMCID: PMC9653435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among middle-aged, community-dwelling adults, including 591 individuals (314 females; mean (SD) age, 43.8 (8.5) years) who were free of MetS at baseline. Habitual and sports-related PA was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. MetS was defined based on HDL-cholesterols, triglycerides, glucose or HbA1c, blood pressure, and waist circumference. We calculated Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using regression analyses. Over a mean follow-up of 12.5 years, 205 participants developed incident MetS. Four different sports-related PA measures were associated with a decreased risk of incident MetS: (1) Engaging in ≥ 75 min/week (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.94), (2) maintaining a continuously high amount from baseline to follow-up of ≥ 75 min/week (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.94), (3) starting from < 150 min/week at baseline to ≥ 150 min/week at follow-up (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.94), and (4) increasing from < 16.6 MET-hours/week at baseline to ≥ 16.6 MET-hours/week at follow-up (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71). Thus, maintaining, starting or increasing sports-related PA is associated with a lower risk of incident MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cleven
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Krell-Roesch
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Dziuba
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Bös
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schaller A, Dintsios CM, Icks A, Reibling N, Froboese I. Promoting physical activity in low back pain patients: six months follow-up of a randomised controlled trial comparing a multicomponent intervention with a low intensity intervention. Clin Rehabil 2016; 30:865-77. [PMID: 27496696 PMCID: PMC4976660 DOI: 10.1177/0269215515618730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a comprehensive multicomponent intervention against a low intensity intervention for promoting physical activity in chronic low back pain patients. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Inpatient rehabilitation and aftercare. SUBJECTS A total of 412 patients with chronic low back pain. INTERVENTIONS A multicomponent intervention (Movement Coaching) comprising of small group intervention (twice during inpatient rehabilitation), tailored telephone aftercare (twice after rehabilitation) and internet-based aftercare (web 2.0 platform) versus a low level intensity intervention (two general presentations on physical activity, download of the presentations). MAIN MEASURES Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire. Primary outcome was total physical activity; secondary outcomes were setting specific physical activity (transport, workplace, leisure time) and pain. Comparative group differences were evaluated six months after inpatient rehabilitation. RESULTS At six months follow-up, 92 participants in Movement Coaching (46 %) and 100 participants in the control group (47 %) completed the postal follow-up questionnaire. No significant differences between the two groups could be shown in total physical activity (P = 0.30). In addition to this, workplace (P = 0.53), transport (P = 0.68) and leisure time physical activity (P = 0.21) and pain (P = 0.43) did not differ significantly between the two groups. In both groups, physical activity decreased during the six months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The multicomponent intervention was no more effective than the low intensity intervention in promoting physical activity at six months follow-up. The decrease in physical activity in both groups is an unexpected outcome of the study and indicates the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schaller
- Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany IST-University of Applied Sciences, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Icks
- IST-University of Applied Sciences, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Reibling
- Public Health Unit, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Froboese
- Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Schmidt H, Boese S, Bauer A, Landenberger M, Lau A, Stoll O, Schmoll HJ, Mauz-Koerholz C, Kuss O, Jahn P. Interdisciplinary care programme to improve self-management for cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplantation: a prospective non-randomised intervention study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Schmidt
- Medical Faculty; Institute for Health and Nursing Science; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - S. Boese
- Medical Faculty; Institute for Health and Nursing Science; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - A. Bauer
- Medical Faculty; Institute for Health and Nursing Science; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - M. Landenberger
- Medical Faculty; Institute for Health and Nursing Science; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - A. Lau
- Department of Sports Science; Institute of Communication, Media and Sports; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - O. Stoll
- Department of Sports Science; Institute of Communication, Media and Sports; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - H.-J. Schmoll
- University Hospital Halle; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - C. Mauz-Koerholz
- University Hospital Halle; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - O. Kuss
- Faculty of Medicine; Centre for Health and Society; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology; German Diabetes Center; Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
- Medical Faculty; Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - P. Jahn
- Medical Faculty; Institute for Health and Nursing Science; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
- University Hospital Halle; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
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Fuchs R, Klaperski S, Gerber M, Seelig H. Messung der Bewegungs- und Sportaktivität mit dem BSA-Fragebogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1026/0943-8149/a000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der neu entwickelte „Bewegungs- und Sportaktivität Fragebogen” (kurz: BSA-Fragebogen oder BSA-F) vorgestellt und hinsichtlich seiner Validität überprüft. Methode: Als Validierungskriterium dienten fahrradergometrische Parameter der Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit (u. a. Leistung an der Individuellen Anaeroben Schwelle p [IAS] und errechnete VO2max), die im Rahmen einer randomisiert kontrollierten Interventionsstudie (N = 118) erhoben wurden. Ergebnisse: Der Index zur Gesamtaktivität korrelierte mit r = .32 bzw. r =.34 signifikant mit den Leistungsparametern VO2max bzw. p [IAS] (konkurrente Validität); der Index zur Sportaktivität trug signifikant (p < .01) zur Vorhersage der 12 Wochen später gemessenen Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit bei (prognostische Validität); und die Interventionsstudie zeigte, dass die mit dem Modifikationsprogramm provozierten Verhaltensänderungen mit dem BSA-F sensitiv abgebildet werden konnten (Konstruktvalidität). Diskussion: Die Resultate unterstützen–zusammen mit den Ergebnissen früherer Studien–die Annahme, dass mit dem BSA-Fragebogen eine hinreichend valide Messung der Bewegungs- und Sportaktivität möglich ist. Das Instrument empfiehlt sich auch wegen seiner Ökonomie (zeit- und platzsparend) und klaren Struktur (leicht verständlich, einfach ausfüllbar) zum Einsatz in der gesundheits- und sportwissenschaftlichen Forschung.
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Wittelsberger R, Krug S, Tittlbach S, Bös K. [The influence of Nintendo-Wii® bowling upon residents of retirement homes]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014. [PMID: 23203904 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-012-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The few studies dealing with the positive effects of health and well-being of older people are only one-sided. The aim of the study therefore was to analyze the effects of Nintendo-Wii® bowling on daily function, state of dementia, quality of life, cognition and motor skills in retirement home inhabitants. The study was performed with 27 study participants (13 women, 14 men) between the ages of 49 and 95 years (mean = 71, SD = 14). They were randomly assigned to a control group (KG) and an intervention group (IG). Between pre- and posttest, the IG played 60 min/twice a week Nintendo-Wii® Bowling over 6 weeks. The improvement of IG was significant in the analysis of variance concerning strength (arm curls: F df = 2 = 7.199; p = 0,013; η(2) = 0,231) and showed a significant trend concerning coordination (tracking lines: F df = 2 = 3.99; p = 0,058; η(2) = 0,154) compared with KG. The area of rapidity (catching bars: F df = 2 = 28.511; p = 0,008; η(2) = 0,279) showed a significant decline in the IG compared with the KG. However, closer examination shows that the short time of intervention and the wide age range could have affected the results. Thus, further studies should take these critical aspects into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wittelsberger
- Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76137, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
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Nägel IJ, Sonnentag S. Exercise and sleep predict personal resources in employees' daily lives. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2013; 5:348-68. [PMID: 24395817 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the interaction of exercise and sleep on state-like personal resources in employees' daily lives. Further, the study examines the association between state-like personal resources and emotional exhaustion. We conducted a diary study over five consecutive working days (total of 443 days) with 144 employees who answered daily online surveys after work and before bedtime. Multilevel modeling showed that exercise after work was positively related to the next day's personal resources when sleep duration during the night time was longer compared to other nights. Furthermore, personal resources positively related to lower emotional exhaustion after work on the next day. This study demonstrates that exercise and sleep may help to renew personal resources. Results stress the importance of balancing exercise and sleep in daily life.
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Jekauc D, Wagner MO, Kahlert D, Woll A. Reliabilität und Validität des MoMo-Aktivitätsfragebogens für Jugendliche (MoMo-AFB). DIAGNOSTICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des Aktivitätsfragebogens des Motorikmoduls (MoMo-AFB; Bös, Worth, Opper, Oberger & Woll, 2009 ), einer Skala zur Messung körperlicher Aktivität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Der Fragebogen besteht aus 28 Items, die Alltagsaktivität, Sport in und außerhalb von organisierten Vereinen, Schulsport und die Erfüllung von Aktivitätsguidelines erfassen. Untersucht wurden 109 Schüler und 87 Schülerinnen im Alter zwischen 9 und 17 Jahren. Zur Überprüfung der Reliabilität wurde der Fragebogen zweimal in einem Abstand von sieben Tagen ausgefüllt. Zur Untersuchung der kriteriumsbezogenen Validität wurden die Fragebogendaten mit Accelerometerdaten (ActiGraph GT1X) verglichen. Der durchschnittliche (gewichtete) Kappa-Koeffizient und die Intraklassenkorrelation (ICC) für den Gesamtindex betrugen .66 bzw .68. Der mittels MoMo-AFB und Accelerometer ermittelte Gesamtumfang der Zeit mit moderater bis hoher Intensität der KA zeigte eine signifikante Spearman-Korrelation von r = .29. Der MoMo-AFB ist bezüglich der Reliabilität und Validität vergleichbar mit anderen international publizierten Aktivitätsfragebögen für Jugendliche.
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Feuerhahn N, Sonnentag S, Woll A. Exercise after work, psychological mediators, and affect: A day-level study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.709965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wollmerstedt N, Nöth U, Ince A, Ackermann H, Martell JM, Hendrich C. The Daily Activity Questionnaire: a novel questionnaire to assess patient activity after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2010; 25:475-480.e1-3. [PMID: 19232888 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expensive electronic accelerometers are the only validated method to determine patient activity levels. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical questionnaire to assess patient activity. The Daily Activity Questionnaire (DAQ) was developed and evaluated using 3 groups of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. A total of 160 patients underwent 855 days of monitoring. Practicability, reliability, and validity of the new questionnaire were assessed. The test-retest reliability of the DAQ was comparable to the electronic accelerometer StepWatch (ICC = 0.77-0.89). A significant correlation between the DAQ and the StepWatch was found (r = 0.742). The DAQ is a reliable and valid instrument to measure patient activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wollmerstedt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
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Pahmeier I. Sportliche Aktivität aus der Lebenslaufperspektive. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2008; 41:168-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-008-0543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Knisel E, Ziegler C, Lezinsky D, Strang H. Selbststeuerung und Affektregulation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010.14.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Übergewicht und Adipositas zählen heute zu den bedeutendsten Gesundheitsproblemen. Ansatzpunkt in der Therapie von Übergewicht und Adipositas ist das eigenverantwortliche Verändern des Ernährungs- und Bewegungsverhaltens. Ein integrativer Interventionsansatz mit den Bausteinen Bewegungsförderung, Ernährungsberatung und Verhaltenstherapie wird als effektiv im Hinblick auf eine Gewichtsreduktion angesehen. Dieser ist auch die Basis des Interventionsprogramms S.T.E.P.S. (Selbststeuerungs- Trainings- und Ernährungs- Programm mit Spaß) für übergewichtige und adipöse Jugendliche. Das anwendungsbezogene Lernen adäquater Steuermechanismen steht im Mittelpunkt des Interventionsprogramms, dessen Wirkung empirisch untersucht wird. Der Untersuchung liegt ein quasi-experimenteller Untersuchungsplan mit zwei Messzeitpunkten zugrunde. An der Studie nahmen 39 übergewichtige Jugendliche teil. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine altersabhängige Wirkung des Interventionsprogramms hin. Bei älteren Jugendlichen zeigen sich signifikante Verbesserungen in der Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit und der Fähigkeit Affekte zu regulieren im Vergleich zu den jüngeren.
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Mohiyeddini C, Bauer S. Intentions-Verhaltens-Lücke bei sportlichen Aktivitäten. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010.14.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Mit dem Schlagwort “Intentions-Verhaltens-Lücke” wird das Phänomen bezeichnet, dass psychologische Modelle zur Vorhersage des Sportverhaltens (z. B. die Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB) zwar eine beachtliche Leistung bei der Vorhersage von Intentionen zeigen, diese prädiktive Leistung jedoch bei der Vorhersage des auf Grund der relevanten Intentionen zu erwartenden Verhaltens erheblich abnimmt. Während sich bisherige Lösungsansätze zur Überbrückung dieser Lücke fast ausschließlich auf kognitive Variablen konzentriert haben, versucht die vorliegende Arbeit durch die Hinzunahme emotionaler Variablen die Modellannahmen der TPB zu erweitern, um die prädiktive Leistung des Modells zu erhöhen. In einer Studie mit 273 Probanden wurden ein traditionelles Modell (basierend auf der TPB) und ein um die Variable Emotionen erweitertes Modell mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen getestet. Die Ergebnisse belegen einen substantiellen Zuwachs an Varianzaufklärung von 12 % für das erweiterte Modell bei der Vorhersage des Sportverhaltens. Dieser Befund legt nahe, traditionelle Modelle zur Vorhersage des (Gesundheits-) Verhaltens, die ausschließlich kognitive Parameter berücksichtigen, um die Variable Emotionen zu erweitern. Abschließend werden Implikationen der Ergebnisse für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten skizziert.
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