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Khalil MA, Khalifa D, Allam RM, Abdalgeleel SA, Khalaf OO. Suicide and depressive symptoms possible correlates among a sample of Egyptian physicians: observational cross-sectional study (online survey). BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:408. [PMID: 38816711 PMCID: PMC11137965 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to other occupations, physicians are more susceptible to depression and suicide. Suicide among physicians in some countries reached up to 1.5- to threefold higher than the general population. However, this rate was not homogenous in all countries. Most of the Egyptian studies were related to the stressful pandemic event, but the actual prevalence of depression among physicians is still under research. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no other study has been conducted to evaluate the risk of suicide among Egyptian physicians. AIM The study aimed to screen for depressive symptoms and suicide among Egyptian physicians and to investigate the correlates associated with suicide ideations. METHODS This cross-sectional survey included Egyptian physicians recruited online by Google Forms. Depressive symptoms were screened using the Beck Depression Scale (BDI-II), while suicidal ideas were assessed using the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS). RESULTS Six hundred sixty Egyptian physicians completed the survey following a two-week pilot study between January 10 and July 16, 2023. The average age was 39.1 years, and 71.4% were married. 49.1% were medical specialists. The median daily working hours were eight, and 27.7% of the physicians attended night shifts. 22.3% had a psychiatric illness, and 34.3% had a chronic disease. Younger and single physicians of both sexes were more prone to suicide risk (p-value = 0.019 and 0.021, respectively). Those with psychiatric or chronic medical disorders had a higher suicidal risk (p-values < 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Physicians with fewer academic degrees and those who work longer hours or night shifts had more depressive symptoms (p-values < 0.001 and 0.009, respectively). The risk of depression and suicide is almost the same in all medical specialties. The SIDAS suicide score and the Beck depression score revealed a statistically significant association (r = 0.288, p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION Suicide risk is higher among younger, single physicians of both sexes, as well as those with psychiatric or chronic medical disorders. More depressive symptoms are seen in physicians who have more extended hours or night shifts and who have fewer academic degrees. Almost all medical specialties carry the same risk of depression and suicide. Longitudinal research is recommended for regular follow-up of suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Khalil
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Khalifa
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mahmoud Allam
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdalaleem Abdalgeleel
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola Osama Khalaf
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ramm M, Jedamzik J, Lenz P, Jürgens L, Heuft G, Conrad R. Older adults coping with critical life events - results of the revised demoralization scale in a representative sample of older adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1389021. [PMID: 38800056 PMCID: PMC11116776 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1389021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High suicide rates in older adults are a relevant public health concern. Social isolation or widowhood as well as physical decline play a crucial role for suicidality in older adulthood. Previous evidence suggested that demoralization is an important risk factor for suicide. Whether demoralization is a relevant phenomenon in older adulthood which possibly could account for high suicide rates remains unclear. Methods Demoralization Scale II (DS-II) scores assessed in a survey of the German general population were investigated with respect to older adults (aged ≥ 65 years). DS-II scores were compared between older (≥ 65 years) and younger (< 65 years) adulthood and between young-old (65-74y), middle-old (75-84y), and old-old (85+y) individuals. We tested the impact of sociodemographic factors on DS-II scores within older adults. Results The sample comprised N = 545 adults ≥ 65 years and N = 1922 adults < 65 years. DS-II scores increased in older compared to younger adults (F(1,2465) = 6.1; p = 0.013; d = 0.09) and further from young-old to old-old (Mdiff = 2.7; 95% CI 0.45, 5.46; p = 0.034). One-fourth of individuals ≥ 65 years and almost half of old-old individuals reported DS-II scores above the cut-off > 5. Living with a partner protected from demoralization in old-old individuals. Discussion This study provides first evidence for an increased rate of demoralization in very old adults, in particular women, which is partly related to partnership status. We suggest that demoralization is considered as a crucial entity in older adulthood which can be missed by standard psychological screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ramm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johanna Jedamzik
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Lenz
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Palliative Care, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lara Jürgens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gereon Heuft
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rupert Conrad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Rusé J, Clenet A, Vaiva G, Debien C, Arbus C, Salles J. The association between reattempted suicide and incoming calls to the brief contact intervention service, VigilanS: a study of the clinical profile of callers. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:21. [PMID: 36624409 PMCID: PMC9829445 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major health problem globally. As attempted suicide is a major risk factor for suicide, specific prevention strategies have been designed for use thereafter. An example is the brief contact intervention (BCI). In this regard, France employs a composite BCI, VigilanS, which utilizes three types of contact: phone calls, postcards and a 'who to contact in a crisis' card. Previous studies have found that this system is effective at preventing suicide. Nevertheless, VigilanS was not effective in the same way for all the patients included. This observation raises the question of specific adaptation during follow-up for populations that were less receptive to the service. In consideration of this issue, we identified one study which found that incoming calls to the service were linked with a higher risk of suicide reattempts. However, this study did not document the profiles of the patients who made these calls. Better understanding of why this population is more at risk is important in terms of identifying factors that could be targeted to improve follow-up. This research therefore aims to bring together such data. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 579 patients referred to VigilanS by Toulouse University Hospital (France). We examined the sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and follow-ups in place and compared the patients who made incoming calls to the service versus those who did not. Subsequently, we conducted a regression analysis using the significantly associated element of patients calling VigilanS. Then, in order to better understand this association, we analyzed the factors, including such calls, that were linked to the risk of suicide reattempts. RESULTS We found that 22% of the patients in our sample called the VigilanS service. These individuals: were older, at 41.4 years versus 37.9 years for the non-callers; were more likely to have a borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis (28.9% versus 19.3%); and had a history of suicide attempts (71.9% versus 54.6%). Our analysis confirmed that incoming calls to VigilanS (OR = 2.9) were associated with reattempted suicide, as were BPD (OR = 1.8) and a history of suicide attempts (OR = 1.7). CONCLUSION There was a high risk that the patients calling VigilanS would make another suicide attempt. However, this association was present regardless of the clinical profile. We postulate that this link between incoming calls and reattempted suicide may arise because this form of contact is, in fact, a way in which patients signal that a further attempt will be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Rusé
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Clenet
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris, Lille, France ,grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Inserm, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Debien
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris, Lille, France ,grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Arbus
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Department of Psychiatry, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, ToNIC, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Salles
- University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Department of Psychiatry, Infinity (Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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Fossi LD, Debien C, Demarty AL, Vaiva G, Messiah A. Loss to follow-up in a population-wide brief contact intervention to prevent suicide attempts - The VigilanS program, France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263379. [PMID: 35231052 PMCID: PMC8887722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief Contact Interventions (BCIs) after a suicide attempt (SA) are an important element of prevention against SA and suicide. VigilanS generalizes to a whole French region a BCI combining resource cards, telephone calls and sending postcards, according to a predefined algorithm. However, a major obstacle to such real-life intervention is the loss of contact during follow-up. Here, we analyze the occurrence of loss of follow-up (LFU) and compare characteristics of patients LFU with follow-up completers. METHODS The study concerned patients included in VigilanS over the period from 1st January 2015 to 31 December 2018, with an end of follow-up on 1st July 2019. We performed a series of descriptive analysis and logistic regressions. The outcome was the loss to follow-up, relative to the 6th month call marking the end of the follow-up; the predictive variables were the characteristics of the patient at entry and during follow-up. Age and sex were considered as adjustment variables. RESULTS 11879 inclusions occurred during the study period, corresponding to 10666 different patients. The mean age was 40.6 ± 15 years. More than a third were non-first suicide attempters (46.6%) and the most frequent means of suicide was by voluntary drug intoxication (83.2%). 8335 patients were LFU. After simple and multiple regression, a significant relationship with loss to follow-up was identified among non-first suicide attempters, alcohol consumers, patients having no companion on arrival at the emergency room, patients who didn't make or receive any calls. An increased stay in hospital after a SA was a protective factor against loss of follow-up. CONCLUSION A majority of patients were lost to follow-up by the expected surveillance time of 6 months. Characteristics of lost patients will help focusing efforts to improve retention in the VigilanS program and might give insights for BCI implemented elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Djembi Fossi
- INSERM, MOODS Research unit “Depression, Anxiety, Psychotraumatism and Suicide”, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Sorbonne University, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Team, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Debien
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog (JPARC)—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumas (Cn2r Lille Paris), Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog (JPARC)—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumas (Cn2r Lille Paris), Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Messiah
- INSERM, MOODS Research unit “Depression, Anxiety, Psychotraumatism and Suicide”, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
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Hedna K, Montuori C, Forte A, Pompili M, Waern M. Use of antidepressants and risk of repeat self-harm in older adults 75+ with nonfatal self-harm: A 1-year prospective national study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2021; 31:206-213. [PMID: 34687250 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess exposure to antidepressants (AD) before and after nonfatal self-harm (SH) in older adults and to examine 1-year rates and risk factors for subsequent SH. METHODS Longitudinal national register-based retrospective cohort study of Swedish residents aged 75+ (N = 2775) with treatment at hospital or specialist outpatient clinic in connection with SH between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013. The cohort was followed for 1 year after the index episode. Exposure to AD was assessed at index and at subsequent SH. Cox regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with 1-year repeat SH. RESULTS At the index episode, 51% were prevalent AD users; 23% started AD during the following year. Overall 12% of prevalent AD users, 8% of AD nonusers, and 6% of AD new users repeated SH or died by suicide. About two-thirds of these subsequent behaviors occurred within 3 months after the index episode. Men had increased risk of subsequent SH (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.74); older age (>85 years) was associated with a lower risk (HR 0.72, CI 95% 0.55-0.93). Users of AD did not have an increased risk of repeat SH. CONCLUSIONS Half of older adults who self-harmed were prevalent AD users and a further one fourth started an AD within 1 year after the index SH. Antidepressant use was not associated with increased risk of subsequent SH in this high-risk cohort of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khedidja Hedna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, AgeCap Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Statistikkonsulterna AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chiara Montuori
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Forte
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, AgeCap Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Mölndal, Sweden
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Djembi Fossi L, Debien C, Demarty AL, Vaiva G, Messiah A. SUICIDE REATTEMPT IN A POPULATION-WIDE BRIEF CONTACT INTERVENTION TO PREVENT SUICIDE ATTEMPTS - THE VIGILANS PROGRAM, FRANCE. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e57. [PMID: 34266505 PMCID: PMC8516749 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Among the postcrisis suicide prevention programmes, brief contact interventions (BCIs) have been proven to be efficient. VigilanS generalizes to a whole French region a BCI combining resource cards, telephone calls, and sending postcards, according to a predefined algorithm. However, a major problem in suicide prevention is the suicide reattempt, which can lead to final suicide. Here, we analyze the suicide reattempt in VigilanS. Methods The study concerned patients included in VigilanS over the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, with an end of follow-up on July 1, 2019. We performed a series of descriptive analyses, survival curves, and regressions. The outcome was the suicide reattempt, and the predictive variables were the characteristics of the patient at entry and during follow-up in VigilanS. Age and sex were considered as adjustment variables. Results A total of 11,879 inclusions occurred during the study period, corresponding to 10,666 different patients, among which 905 reattempted suicide. More than half were primary suicide attempters (53.4%). A significant relationship with suicide reattempt was identified for the following characteristics: being a non-primary suicide attempter, having attempted suicide by voluntary drug intoxication and phlebotomy, alcohol consumption among primary suicide attempters, and having no companion at the emergency room visit among non-primary suicide attempters. Hanging (as suicide method), having made no call to VigilanS were protective factors. Conclusion This study provides us with a valuable insight into the profiles of patients repeating a suicide attempts, which is important for suicide prevention in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Djembi Fossi
- INSERM, MOODS Research unit "Depression, Anxiety, Psychotraumatism and Suicide", Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Sorbonne University, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Team, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Debien
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog (JPARC) - Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, F-59000Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et Résilience pour les psychotraumas (Cn2r Lille Paris), Lille, France Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille
| | | | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog (JPARC) - Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, F-59000Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et Résilience pour les psychotraumas (Cn2r Lille Paris), Lille, France Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille
| | - Antoine Messiah
- INSERM, MOODS Research unit "Depression, Anxiety, Psychotraumatism and Suicide", Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
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Hedna K, Hensing G, Skoog I, Fastbom J, Waern M. Sociodemographic and gender determinants of late-life suicide in users and non-users of antidepressants. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:958-964. [PMID: 32653913 PMCID: PMC7536256 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of depression is a main strategy for suicide prevention in older adults. Our aim was to examine factors related to suicide in older adults (75+) with and without antidepressant (AD) therapy. Methods A national population-based register study, including all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006 and 2014 (N = 1 413 806). A nested case–control design was used to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with suicide among users and non-users of ADs. Risk estimates were calculated in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender. Results In all, 1305 individuals died by suicide (70% men). The suicide rate in men who used ADs was over four times higher than women with such treatment. Being unmarried was a risk factor for suicide in men but not in women. Being born outside of Nordic countries was associated with increased suicide risk; a 3-fold risk increase was observed in non-Nordic women without AD treatment. Lower suicide risk was observed in blue-collar women who used ADs, whereas a higher risk was found in blue-collar men who did not. Conclusions Our differential findings on factors associated with suicide can offer clues for gender-specific preventive strategies that go beyond the healthcare sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khedidja Hedna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, AgeCap Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Statistikkonsulterna Jostat & Mr Sample AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- Section of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, AgeCap Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Fastbom
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, AgeCap Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Psychosis Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, Sweden
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Ribeiro GCA, Vieira WDA, Herval ÁM, Rodrigues RPCB, Agostini BA, Flores-Mir C, Repeke CEP, Paranhos LR. Prevalence of mental disorders among elderly men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SAO PAULO MED J 2020; 138:190-200. [PMID: 32491089 PMCID: PMC9671226 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0454.r1.16012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly men have been characterized as a group vulnerable to suicide, motivated by loneliness, loss of loved ones and feelings of uselessness to family members. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the prevalence of different mental disorders among elderly men who attempted suicide. DESIGN AND SETTING Systematic review of observational studies developed as a result of a partnership between two postgraduate schools (Lagarto and Uberlândia). METHODS An electronic search was performed in eight electronic databases, including "grey literature", in January 2019. Observational studies that assessed mental disorders among men older than 60 years who attempted suicide were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Among the disorders evaluated, mood disorders had the highest prevalence (42.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 31.0-74.0%; I2: 0.0%; P = 0.763), followed by substance use-related disorders (41.0%; 95% CI: 8.0-74.0%; I2: 96.4; P < 0.001) and, lastly, schizophrenic disorders (5.0%; 95% CI: 0.0%-14.0%; I2: 80.3%; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS It seems that mood disorders and substance use-related disorders are quite prevalent among elderly men with mental disorders who attempted suicide. It is important to consider the role of healthcare services in making early diagnoses of mental disorders among elderly men, in order to diminish the chances of suicide attempts among them. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42018105981.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- DDS. Dentist and Master’s Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba (SP), Brazil.
| | - Álex Moreira Herval
- PhD. Dentist, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil.
| | | | - Bernardo Antonio Agostini
- PhD. Dentist, Postgraduate Program on Dentistry, Faculdade Meridional (IMED), Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil.
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- DSc. Dentist, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (AB), Canada.
| | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- PhD. Dentist, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil.
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Fossi Djembi L, Vaiva G, Debien C, Duhem S, Demarty AL, Koudou YA, Messiah A. Changes in the number of suicide re-attempts in a French region since the inception of VigilanS, a regionwide program combining brief contact interventions (BCI). BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 31992251 PMCID: PMC6986096 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief Contact Interventions (BCIs) after a suicide attempt (SA) are an important element of prevention against SA and suicide. They are easier to generalize to an entire population than other forms of intervention. VigilanS generalizes to a whole French region a BCI combining resource cards, telephone calls and mailings, according to a predefined algorithm. It was implemented gradually in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais (NPC), France, between 2015 and 2018. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of VigilanS, in terms of SA reduction, using annual data collected by participating centers. Hypothesis tested: the higher the VigilanS implementation in a center (measured by penetrance), the greater the decrease in the number of SA observed in this center. METHODS The study period was from 2014 to 2018, across all of NPC centers. We performed a series of linear regressions, each center representing a statistical unit. The outcome was the change in the number of SA, relative to the initial number, and the predictive variable was VigilanS' penetrance: number of patients included in VigilanS over the total number of SA. Search for influential points (points beyond threshold values of 3 influence criteria) and weighted least squares estimations were performed. RESULTS Twenty-one centers were running VigilanS in 2018, with an average penetrance of 32%. A significant relationship was identified, showing a sharp decrease in SA as a function of penetrance (slope = - 1.13; p = 3*10- 5). The model suggested that a 25% of penetrance would yield a SA decrease of 41%. CONCLUSION VigilanS has the potential to reduce SA. Subgroup analyzes are needed to further evaluate its effectiveness. Subgroup analyses remain to be done, in order to evaluate the specific variations of SA by group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Fossi Djembi
- INSERM Research unit U-1178 "Mental Health and Public Health", Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France.
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- 0000 0001 0206 8146grid.413133.7INSERM Research unit U-1178 “Mental Health and Public Health”, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France ,0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2SCALab Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France ,0000 0004 0471 8845grid.410463.4Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital Fontan, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Debien
- 0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2SCALab Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France ,0000 0004 0471 8845grid.410463.4Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital Fontan, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Duhem
- 0000 0004 0471 8845grid.410463.4Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital Fontan, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France ,0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1403, CHRU de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Demarty
- 0000 0004 0471 8845grid.410463.4Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital Fontan, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France ,0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1403, CHRU de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yves-Akoli Koudou
- 0000 0001 0206 8146grid.413133.7UMRS 1018 Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP) “Epidemiology of Cancer, Genes and Environment”, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Messiah
- 0000 0001 0206 8146grid.413133.7INSERM Research unit U-1178 “Mental Health and Public Health”, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
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Dutheil F, Aubert C, Pereira B, Dambrun M, Moustafa F, Mermillod M, Baker JS, Trousselard M, Lesage FX, Navel V. Suicide among physicians and health-care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226361. [PMID: 31830138 PMCID: PMC6907772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical-related professions are at high suicide risk. However, data are contradictory and comparisons were not made between gender, occupation and specialties, epochs of times. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide risk among health-care workers. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases were searched without language restriction on April 2019, with the following keywords: suicide* AND (« health care worker* » OR physician* OR nurse*). When possible, we stratified results by gender, countries, time, and specialties. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicides, suicidal attempts, and suicidal ideation were retrieved from national or local specific registers or case records. In addition, suicide attempts and suicidal ideation were also retrieved from questionnaires (paper or internet). RESULTS The overall SMR for suicide in physicians was 1.44 (95CI 1.16, 1.72) with an important heterogeneity (I2 = 93.9%, p<0.001). Female were at higher risk (SMR = 1.9; 95CI 1.49, 2.58; and ES = 0.67; 95CI 0.19, 1.14; p<0.001 compared to male). US physicians were at higher risk (ES = 1.34; 95CI 1.28, 1.55; p <0.001 vs Rest of the world). Suicide decreased over time, especially in Europe (ES = -0.18; 95CI -0.37, -0.01; p = 0.044). Some specialties might be at higher risk such as anesthesiologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners and general surgeons. There were 1.0% (95CI 1.0, 2.0; p<0.001) of suicide attempts and 17% (95CI 12, 21; p<0.001) of suicidal ideation in physicians. Insufficient data precluded meta-analysis on other health-care workers. CONCLUSION Physicians are an at-risk profession of suicide, with women particularly at risk. The rate of suicide in physicians decreased over time, especially in Europe. The high prevalence of physicians who committed suicide attempt as well as those with suicidal ideation should benefits for preventive strategies at the workplace. Finally, the lack of data on other health-care workers suggest to implement studies investigating those occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Preventive Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Aubert
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Faculty of Health Science Simone Veil, Versailles, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics Unit, the Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Dambrun
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fares Moustafa
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Marion Trousselard
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute-IRBA, Neurophysiology of Stress, Neuroscience and Operational Constraint Department, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - François-Xavier Lesage
- University of Montpellier, Laboratory Epsylon EA, Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, CHU Montpellier, University Hospital of Montpellier, Occupational and Preventive Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Navel
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Castro-Costa E, Diniz BS, Firmo JOA, Peixoto SV, de Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF, Blay SL. Diabetes, depressive symptoms, and mortality risk in old age: The role of inflammation. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:941-949. [PMID: 31066979 DOI: 10.1002/da.22908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both diabetes and depression increase the mortality risk in the elderly. In this study, we evaluated mortality risk associated with the comorbidity between depression and diabetes. We also assessed the moderating role of inflammation in the mortality risk in this population. METHODS We included a total of 1,183 community-dwelling older adults, divided into four groups: "neither diabetes nor depression"; "diabetes only"; "depression only," and "both diabetes and depression," and followed-up for a median of 13.5 years. We evaluated the inflammatory status by the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Date of death was computed by reviewing death certificates. We used Cox's proportional hazards models and additive interactions to evaluate the risk of mortality in the subject groups and the moderating effect of hs-CRP. RESULTS Participants with both diabetes and depression had higher death risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59-3.42) than those with each condition alone (HR diabetes: 2.08 95% CI: 1.56-2.76 HR depression: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03-1.54). High level of hs-CRP, indicative of high inflammatory status, significantly moderated the risk of mortality in subjects with both diabetes and depression (Bonferroni-adjusted p = 0.0116). CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of diabetes and depression symptoms is associated with the highest death risk in this population. This risk is moderated by inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico Castro-Costa
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging' René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Breno S Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University Toronto, Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josélia O A Firmo
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging' René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio V Peixoto
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging' René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais Nursing School, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging' René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais Nursing School, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging' René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais Medical School, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Blay
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gjertsen F, Bruzzone S, Griffiths CE. Burden of suicide presented as one of the leading causes of death: uncover facts or misrepresent statistics? J Glob Health 2019; 9:010401. [PMID: 30479749 PMCID: PMC6237205 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a relatively rare incident. Nevertheless, parts of the literature on intentional self-harm behaviour state that suicide is one of the leading causes of death. We aimed to assess the evidence behind the statement that suicide is a leading cause of death across all ages, with reference to the methods of ranking causes of death. METHODS Two sets of data were used: For the European Union (EU) we used cause specific mortality statistics from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) for the data-year 2014, and globally and for the WHO European Region we used data from Global Health Estimates (GHE) 2015. We used different sets of rules to select mutually exclusive leading underlying causes of mortality for Europe (EU28). We also present lists with estimates of leading causes of death globally, and for the WHO European Region based on the GHE 2015. RESULTS In 2014, 1.2% of all reported deaths in the Europe Union (EU28) were due to suicide, and 1.4% globally (2015) according to the WHO estimates. In Europe, suicide was ranked as number 11 and 15 in the two different ranking lists we used, and according to GHE-2015, suicide was ranked as the 17th leading cause globally, and number 14 in the WHO European Region. Looking at the differences by sex, suicide for males was ranked as the ninth and the tenth leading cause of death in two ranking lists for the European Union. For females, suicide was number 13 in the first and 23 in the second list, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Different cause lists and rules for ranking produce different leading causes of mortality. The quality of data can also affect the ranking. Our rankings suggested that suicide was not among the ten leading causes of death in Europe or globally. To ensure that ranking causes of death is not driven by political motives and funding considerations, standard methods and official tabulation lists should be used. The rankings do not necessarily present the causes of mortality of greatest public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Gjertsen
- Department of Mental and Somatic Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Bruzzone
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census, National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy
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Hedna K, Andersson Sundell K, Hensing G, Skoog I, Gustavsson S, Waern M. Late-life suicidal behaviours among new users of antidepressants: a prospective population-based study of sociodemographic and gender factors in those aged 75 and above. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022703. [PMID: 30344173 PMCID: PMC6196854 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate sociodemographic and gender factors associated with suicide and suicide attempts among new users of antidepressants aged 75 and above. DESIGN Register-based cohort study. SETTING National population-based cohort of Swedish residents aged ≥75 years. PARTICIPANTS 185 225 patients who initiated antidepressant medication between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2013 were followed until 31 December 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Suicide and suicide attempts. Fine and Gray regression models were used to analyse the sociodemographic factors (age, country of birth, marital status, education level, last occupation, income and social allowance) associated with suicidal behaviours in the entire cohort and by gender. RESULTS During follow-up, 295 suicides and 654 suicide attempts occurred. Adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) for suicide were lower among older age groups (aSHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.99 for those 85-89 years; and aSHR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86 for those ≥90 years). A similar pattern was observed for suicide attempts. Suicide attempts were more common among those born in foreign countries (aSHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.15 for those born in another Nordic country; and aSHR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.93 for those born in non-Nordic countries). In the gender-stratified analyses, being single or divorced, and born in another Nordic country was associated with a higher risk of suicide among men. Educational and occupational history and being born in a non-Nordic country influenced risk of suicidal behaviours in women. CONCLUSION Suicidal behaviours occurred more commonly among new users who were 'younger' old adults and those with foreign background, suggesting that those groups might require greater support when initiating antidepressant therapy. Our findings suggest the need for gender-specific, multifaceted approaches to the prevention of suicidal behaviours in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khedidja Hedna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Andersson Sundell
- Section of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Medical Evidence and Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- Section of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Gustavsson
- Health Metrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This was a retrospective ecological study to examine the relationship between suicide rates and economic indicators in large Brazilian urban centers. Data on macroeconomic indicators (GDP and unemployment rates) and suicide rates of the largest Brazilian cities were collected from January 2006 to December 2015. RECENT FINDINGS Six cities were included in the study: Porto Alegre in the South, Recife and Salvador in the Northeast, and Belo Horizonte, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in the Southeast region. We observed a 4% increase in the age-adjusted suicide rate in these large Brazilian urban centers from 2006 to 2015, which is less pronounced than the 9% increase in the national rates of suicide observed in the same period. SUMMARY The effect of economic indicators was heterogeneous among the centers, but, overall, the variation in suicide rates was inversely related to unemployment and did not show a significant relationship with GDP. These findings indicate a more complex link between economics and suicide whenever looking at local regional indicators. Further research should focus on possible intervening factors, what may inform better preventive interventions.
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Satorres E, Ros L, Meléndez JC, Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Sales A. Measuring elderly people's quality of life through the Beck Hopelessness Scale: a study with a Spanish sample. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:239-244. [PMID: 27786537 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1247427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hopelessness is a key element of suicidal intent. It can instill a pessimistic outlook on the future, leading an individual to believe that suicide is the only answer to their problems. Hopelessness operates as a modulating variable between depression and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in a non-clinical sample. METHOD Three hundred and sixty-two Spanish individuals, aged over 60, free of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, completed the BHS scale. Participants were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using one-, two- and three-factor models. RESULTS The one- and two-factor models presented adequate fit indices. Specifically, the indices of the two-factor models were better than those of the one-factor model. The two-factor model, without items 4, 9 and 14, provided the best fit, given that the indices obtained in the CFA and their internal consistency were better than those of the other models. CONCLUSION The validation of the BHS for a population of Spanish older adults provides a reliable and valid measure of hopelessness and could be useful in clinical practice and research as an effective tool for the early detection of suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Satorres
- a Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Valencia , Spain
| | - L Ros
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Castilla La Mancha , Spain
| | - J C Meléndez
- a Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Valencia , Spain
| | - J P Serrano
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Castilla La Mancha , Spain
| | - J M Latorre
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Castilla La Mancha , Spain
| | - A Sales
- a Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Valencia , Spain
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Hedna K, Andersson Sundell K, Hamidi A, Skoog I, Gustavsson S, Waern M. Antidepressants and suicidal behaviour in late life: a prospective population-based study of use patterns in new users aged 75 and above. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 74:201-208. [PMID: 29103090 PMCID: PMC5765190 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate associations between antidepressant use patterns and risk of fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviours in older adults who initiated antidepressant therapy. Method A national population-based cohort study conducted among Swedish residents aged ≥ 75 years who initiated antidepressant treatment. Patients who filled antidepressant prescriptions between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013 (N = 185,225) were followed until December 31, 2014. Sub-hazard ratios of suicides and suicide attempts associated with use patterns of antidepressants, adjusting for potential confounders such as serious depression were calculated using the Fine and Gray regression models. Results During follow-up, 295 suicides and 654 suicide attempts occurred. Adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) were increased for both outcomes in those who switched to another antidepressant (aSHR for suicide 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.65 to 3.55, and for attempt 1.76, 1.32 to 2.34). Elevated suicide risks were also observed in those who concomitantly filled anxiolytics (1.54, 1.20 to 1.96) and hypnotics (2.20, 1.69 to 2.85). Similar patterns were observed for the outcome suicide attempt. Decreased risk of attempt was observed among those with concomitant use of anti-dementia drugs (0.40, 0.27 to 0.59). Conclusion Switching antidepressants, as well as concomitant use of anxiolytics or hypnotics, may constitute markers of increased risk of suicidal behaviours in those who initiate antidepressant treatment in very late life. Future research should consider indication biases and the clinical characteristics of patients initiating antidepressant therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00228-017-2360-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khedidja Hedna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karolina Andersson Sundell
- Section of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Medical Evidence and Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Armina Hamidi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Gustavsson
- Health Metrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Denton EGD, Musa GJ, Hoven C. Suicide behaviour among Guyanese orphans: identification of suicide risk and protective factors in a low- to middle-income country. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 29:187-195. [DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1372286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen-ge D. Denton
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York College of Staten Island, Staten Island, USA
| | - George J. Musa
- Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University–New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Christina Hoven
- Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University–New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
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De Leo D, Kõlves K. Suicide at Very Advanced Age – The Extremes of the Gender Paradox. CRISIS 2017; 38:363-366. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bach B, Fjeldsted R. The role of DSM-5 borderline personality symptomatology and traits in the link between childhood trauma and suicidal risk in psychiatric patients. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 28638621 PMCID: PMC5474295 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-017-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood traumas appear to be linked to suicidal behavior. However, the factors that mediate between these two phenomena are not sufficiently understood. Recent findings suggest that borderline personality disorder (BPD) may explain some of the association. METHOD The present study investigated the potential mediating role of BPD symptomatology and traits between reported childhood trauma and suicidal risk in adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 124). BPD symptomatology was measured with DSM-5 Section II criterion-counts (SCID-II; Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II), whereas BPD traits were measured with specified DSM-5 Section III traits (PID-5; Personality Inventory for DSM-5). Childhood traumas were self-reported (CTQ; Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), whereas level of suicidal risk was measured with a structured interview (MINI Suicidality Module; Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Mediation effects were tested by bias-corrected (10.000 boot-strapped samples) confidence intervals. RESULTS BPD features account for a considerable part of the cross-sectional association between childhood trauma and level of suicidal risk, even when controlling for the influence of gender, age, and educational level. This finding remained stable when testing the model without the suicidality-related BPD criterion and PID-5 items. DSM-5 Section II BPD criterion-counts explained 67% of the total effect, whereas DSM-5 Section III BPD traits accounted for 82% of the total effect. The specific DSM-5 Section III trait facets of "Depressivity" (52%) and "Perceptual Dysregulation" (37%) accounted for most of this effect. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide preliminary support for the proposed mediation model indicating that BPD features may help explain relations between childhood trauma and elevated suicidal risk in adult life, in particular for DSM-5 Section III personality traits of depressivity (e.g., pessimism, guilt, and shame) and perceptual dysregulation (e.g., dissociation). To reduce the suicidal risk among those with a history of childhood trauma, BPD features (including "Depressivity" and "Perceptual Dysregulation") might be an important target of assessment, risk management, and treatment. However, other factors are likely to be involved, and a longitudinal and more large-scale design is warranted for a conclusive test of mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bach
- Center of Excellence on Personality Disorder, Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Fælledvej 6, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
- Psychiatric Clinic, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Rita Fjeldsted
- Psychiatric Clinic, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, suicide rates increase with age, being highest in older adults. This study analyzed differences in suicides in older adults (65 years and over) compared to middle-aged adults (35-64 years) in Queensland, Australia, during the years 2000-2012. METHODS The Queensland Suicide Register was utilized for the analysis. Annual suicide rates were calculated by gender and age group, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were examined. RESULTS In Queensland, the average annual rate of suicides for older adults was 15.27 per 100,000 persons compared to 18.77 in middle-aged adults in 2000-2012. There were no significant changes in time trends for older adults in 2002-2012. Suicide methods differed between gender and age groups. Older adults who died by suicide were more likely to be male, widowed, living alone or in a nursing home, and out of the work force. The prevalence of untreated psychiatric conditions, diagnosed psychiatric disorders, and consultations with a mental health professional three months prior to death was lower in older adults than middle-aged adults. Somatic illness, bereavement, and attention to suicide in the media were more common among older adults than middle-age adults. Older females were particularly more likely to pay attention to suicide in the media. CONCLUSION Our findings show older adults who died by suicide were more likely to experience somatic illnesses, bereavement, and pay attention to suicide in the media compared to middle aged. Preventing suicide in older adults would therefore require holistic and comprehensive approaches.
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Damasceno KS, de Sousa Barbosa É, Pimentel JVC, Júnior AGT, de Meneses ACP, Júnior JG, de Sousa DF, da Costa Lima PS, Sales IB, Gouveia AS, Biruel EP, Neto MLR, do Nascimento VB. Suicide among Physicians and Methodological Similarities of MEDLINE/PubMED and BVS/BIREME Open Access Bibliographic Databases: A Systematic Review with Metanalysis. Health (London) 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.92025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Shah
- School of Health, University of Central Lancashire, London, UK
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two small studies have suggested that family carers of people with dementia may be a high-risk group for suicide. The objective of this study was to further explore the rate of suicidal ideation in a large sample of carers and identify psychosocial risk and protective factors. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 566 family carers. The survey included measures of suicidality, self-efficacy, physical health, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, optimism, burden, coping strategies, and social support. RESULTS Sixteen percent of carers had contemplated suicide more than once in the previous year. There were univariate differences between suicidal and non-suicidal carers on self-efficacy, social support, coping, burden, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, optimism, reasons for living, and symptoms of dementia, as well as age and income management. In a multivariate model, age, depression, and reasons for living predicted suicidal ideation. In tests for mediation, satisfaction with social support and dysfunctional coping had indirect effects on suicidal ideation via depression. CONCLUSION Family carers of people with dementia have high rates of suicidal ideation, with depression a risk factor and increasing age and reasons for living as protective factors. Depression and reasons for living should be targeted in interventions to reduce suicide risk in dementia carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan T O'Dwyer
- a Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- a Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | | | - Diego De Leo
- c Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention , Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt , Australia
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Shah A, Bhat R, Zarate-Escudero S, DeLeo D, Erlangsen A. Suicide rates in five-year age-bands after the age of 60 years: the international landscape. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:131-8. [PMID: 26094783 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1055552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is paucity of studies examining suicide rates in narrow five-year age-bands after the age of 60 years. This study examined suicide rates in eight five-year age-bands between the age of 60 and 99 years because this will allow more precise comparison between the young old (60-79 years) and the oldest old (80+ years) age groups. METHODS Data on the number of suicides (International Classification of Diseases - ICD-10 codes, X60-84) in each of the eight five-year age-bands between the age-bands 60-64 years and 95-99 years in both gender for as many years as possible from 2000 were ascertained from three sources: colleagues with access to national data, national statisics office websites and email contact with the national statistics offices. The population size for the corresponding years and age-bands was estimated for each country using data provided by the United Nations website. RESULTS In men, suicide rates continued to increase for each of the seven five-year age-bands from 60-64 years to 90-94 years age-band, and then declined slightly for the 95-99 year age-band. In women, suicide rates continued to increase for each of the six five-year age-bands from 60-64 years to 85-89 years age-bands, and then declined slightly for the 90-94 years and 95-99 years age-bands. CONCLUSIONS The overall global suicide rates for each of the eight five-year age-bands are sufficiently large for them to constitute a public health concern. This is especially important given the ongoing rise in the elderly population size and the paucity of data on risk and protective factors for suicide in the five-year age-bands after the age of 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Shah
- a School of Health , University of Central Lancashire , London , UK
| | - Ravi Bhat
- b Rural Health Academic Centre , University of Melbourne , Shepparton , Australia
| | | | - Diego DeLeo
- d Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention , Griffith University , Mt Gravatt , Australia.,e Slovene Centre for Suicide Research , University of Primorska , Koper , Slovenia
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- f Research Unit, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen , Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.,g Department of Mental Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , USA
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Arnautovska U, McPhedran S, Kelly B, Reddy P, De Leo D. Geographic variation in suicide rates in Australian farmers: Why is the problem more frequent in Queensland than in New South Wales? DEATH STUDIES 2016; 40:367-372. [PMID: 26890223 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1153007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on farmer suicide is limited in explaining the variations in farmers' demographic characteristics. This study examines farmer suicides in two Australian states: Queensland (QLD) and New South Wales (NSW). Standardized suicide rates over 2000-2009 showed a 2 times higher prevalence of suicide in QLD than NSW (147 vs. 92 cases, respectively). Differences in age and suicide method were observed between states, although they do not appear to account for the sizeable intra- and interstate variations. Suicide prevention initiatives for farmers should account for different age groups and also specific place-based risk factors that may vary between and within jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Arnautovska
- a Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - S McPhedran
- a Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
- b Violence Research and Prevention Program , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - B Kelly
- c Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of New Castle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia
| | - P Reddy
- c Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of New Castle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia
| | - D De Leo
- a Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
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Kölves K, de Leo D. The Authors reply. J Adolesc Health 2016; 59:128-9. [PMID: 27338667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kölves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diego de Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Law CK, Kõlves K, De Leo D. Influences of population-level factors on suicides in older adults: a national ecological study from Australia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31:384-91. [PMID: 26343391 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between older adult suicide rates and population-level variables has been examined in a few studies. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to analyse the extent to which population-level factors are associated with suicide by older persons in Australia, from an ecological perspective. METHODS Suicide rates for older adults aged 65 years and over were calculated for 68 observation units at Statistical Areas Level 4 in Australia for 2002-2011. The 2011 Census of Population and Housing was used for population-level variables. Analysis on standardised suicide mortality ratios and Poisson regression were performed to examine geographical and gender differences. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2011, a total of 3133 suicides of persons aged 65 years and above (men: n = 2418, 77.1%) was identified with an average annual rate of 10.1 per 100,000 persons. Suicide rates in older adults vary widely between different geographical regions in Australia. The multivariate estimates of contextual factors showed that the risk of suicide was positively associated with the sex ratio (incidence risk ratio (IRR) = 1.053, 95%CI = 1.016-1.092), the proportion of those in tenant household (IRR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.081-1.160) and Australian residents born in North-West Europe (IRR = 1.058, 95%CI = 1.022-1.095). Significant gender variations were found. CONCLUSIONS Specific factors increasing risk of suicide for older adults on SA4 level in Australia were living in areas with a higher proportion of male population, a higher proportion of tenant household dwellers and a higher proportion of immigrants from North-West Europe. The different influences of population-level factor on suicide between older men and women indicate the need for targeted suicide prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kin Law
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Marco JH, Pérez S, García-Alandete J. Meaning in Life Buffers the Association Between Risk Factors for Suicide and Hopelessness in Participants With Mental Disorders. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:689-700. [PMID: 26990856 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hopelessness is a proximal risk factor of suicide. Meaning in life has been found to be a protective factor against suicidal ideation; however, the majority of studies that have explored the role of meaning in life in the context of suicidality have been conducted in nonclinical populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether meaning in life can moderate and buffer the association between suicide risk factors and hopelessness in a clinical sample with a heightened risk of suicide. METHOD A total of 224 participants diagnosed with mental disorders completed self-report measures of suicide risk factors, hopelessness, and meaning in life. RESULTS The main result from this study was that meaning in life moderated the association between suicide risk factors and hopelessness. CONCLUSION Meaning in life is an important variable in the prevention and treatment of people at risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- José H Marco
- Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir"
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir"
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Bustamante F, Ramirez V, Urquidi C, Bustos V, Yaseen Z, Galynker I. Trends and Most Frequent Methods of Suicide in Chile Between 2001 and 2010. CRISIS 2016; 37:21-30. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Despite the many studies trying to evaluate the magnitude of suicide in Chile, none of them include the new valid data, recently published by the DEIS of the Chilean Health Ministry. Aim: This paper sought to describe how suicide rates changed among Chileans who were at least 15 years of age during the period of 2001–2010; these rates were stratified by sex, age, urban/rural status, and region of the country. Method: An exploratory and temporal study was conducted. Suicide mortality rates were calculated by collecting information from the Chilean Ministry of Health’s death registry between 2001 and 2010 among subjects who were at least 15 years of age. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates were computed. Results: The standardized suicide rate in Chile during 2001–2010 was 14.7 deaths per 100,000, the highest in South America. The minimum age-adjusted suicide rate observed during the examined period was 13.49 per 100,000 in 2005, and the maximum, 16.67 per 100,000 in 2008. Suicide rates among men were up to 4.8 times the suicide rates among women. In addition, rates in rural areas were double compared with urban areas. Hanging was the most common suicide method, followed by use of firearms and explosives in men and poisoning in women. Finally, there was a progressive increase in suicide rates in the southernmost regions of the country. Conclusion: Suicide rates in Chile are relatively high among male subjects in rural areas. There is a disturbing increase in suicide rates among younger individuals and women, although these rates remain lower among younger individuals and women than among adults in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bustamante
- Mental Health Department, Universidad de los Andes, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Ramirez
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cinthya Urquidi
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Odontology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Bustos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zimri Yaseen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Galynker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Poma SZ, Vicentini S, Siviero F, Grossi A, Toniolo E, Baldo V, De Leo D. The Opinions of GP's Patients About Suicide, Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Suicide Prevention: An Italian Survey. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2015; 45:391-8. [PMID: 25382548 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A survey about opinions on end-of-life issues of a population represented by 1,171 people in the waiting room of general practitioners' surgeries was conducted in a province of northern Italy. Most subjects did not consider suicide as a reasonable option even in cases of a serious and incurable disease. Moreover, subjects did not consider euthanasia as a possible option either; however, they did express an opposite attitude when considering euthanasia in a third-person perspective. People with a personal history of suicidal behavior appear to present as a different population, overall expressing more open attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanone Poma
- Department of Mental Health - Local Health Authority (ULSS 18) of Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Silvia Vicentini
- Department of Mental Health - Local Health Authority (ULSS 18) of Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Francesca Siviero
- Department of Mental Health - Local Health Authority (ULSS 18) of Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Antonello Grossi
- Department of Mental Health - Local Health Authority (ULSS 18) of Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Toniolo
- Department of Mental Health - Local Health Authority (ULSS 18) of Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Baldo
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Palhares-Alves HN, Palhares DM, Laranjeira R, Nogueira-Martins LA, Sanchez ZM. Suicide among physicians in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, across one decade. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2015; 37:146-9. [PMID: 26083813 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe mortality by suicide among physicians in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2000 and 2009. METHODS Secondary analysis of government mortality data. The variable of interest was "underlying cause of death", specifically deaths classified by the ICD-10 as intentional self-harm (X60 to X84). RESULTS The analyses examined 2,297 declarations of death, among which suicide accounted for 50 cases, i.e., 1.7% of all causes of death. Women comprised 13.2% of the total sample and represented 24% of the death-by-suicide group, indicating an overrepresentation of women in the latter (p = 0.02). Deaths by suicide occurred on average 20 years earlier than deaths by other causes (46.8 ± 14.2 years and 68.1 ± 15.8 years, respectively; p = 0.001). There was a significant association between single and/or divorced status and suicide (p < 0.001). The average mortality rate during the study period was 4.2 deaths per 100,000 physicians registered with the Regional Board of Medicine of the State of São Paulo. CONCLUSION Deaths by suicide occurred 20 years earlier than deaths by other causes. Medical institutions should develop strategies for the prevention and early detection of mental disorders and occupational stressors that elevate the risk of suicide among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamer N Palhares-Alves
- Alcohol and Drugs Research Unit (UNIAD), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Laranjeira
- Alcohol and Drugs Research Unit (UNIAD), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The elderly population size is growing worldwide due increased life expectancy and decreased mortality in the elderly. This has lead to an increase in the number of centenarians, and their numbers are predicted to increase further. Little is known about suicide rates in centenarians. METHODS Data on the number of suicides (ICD-10 codes, X60-84) in entenarians of both gender for as many years as possible from 2000 were ascertained from three sources: colleagues, national statisics office websites and e-mail contact with the national statistics offices of as many countries as possible. The number of centernarians for the corresponding years was estimated for each country using data provided by the United Nations website. RESULTS Data were available from 17 countries. The suicide rate was 57 (95% confidence interval 45-69) per 100, 000 person years in men and 6.8 (95% confidence interval 5.1-8.5) per 100,000 person years in women. CONCLUSIONS Suicide rates were sufficiently large amongst centenarians for there to constitute a public health concern given the anticipated rise in the centenarian population and the paucity of data on risk and protective factors for suicide in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Gvion
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yossi Levi-Belz
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Alan Apter
- The Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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