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Truin LS, Köhler S, Heger IS, van Boxtel MP, Schram MT, Backes WH, Jansen JF, van Dongen MM, de Vries NK, de Vries H, Eussen SJ, Stehouwer CD, de Vugt ME, Deckers K. Associations of an individual's need for cognition with structural brain damage and cognitive functioning/impairment: cross-sectional population-based study. Br J Psychiatry 2024; 224:189-197. [PMID: 38105553 PMCID: PMC7615981 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High cognitive activity possibly reduces the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. AIMS To investigate associations between an individual's need to engage in cognitively stimulating activities (need for cognition, NFC) and structural brain damage and cognitive functioning in the Dutch general population with and without existing cognitive impairment. METHOD Cross-sectional data were used from the population-based cohort of the Maastricht Study. NFC was measured using the Need For Cognition Scale. Cognitive functioning was tested in three domains: verbal memory, information processing speed, and executive functioning and attention. Values 1.5 s.d. below the mean were defined as cognitive impairment. Standardised volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and presence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) were derived from 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used adjusted for demographic, somatic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Participants (n = 4209; mean age 59.06 years, s.d. = 8.58; 50.1% women) with higher NFC scores had higher overall cognition scores (B = 0.21, 95% CI 0.17-0.26, P < 0.001) and lower odds for CSVD (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.91, P = 0.005) and cognitive impairment (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.48-0.76, P < 0.001) after adjustment for demographic, somatic and lifestyle factors. The association between NFC score and cognitive functioning was similar for individuals with and without prevalent cognitive impairment. We found no significant association between NFC and WMH or CSF volumes. CONCLUSIONS A high need to engage in cognitively stimulating activities is associated with better cognitive functioning and less presence of CSVD and cognitive impairment. This suggests that, in middle-aged individuals, motivation to engage in cognitively stimulating activities may be an opportunity to improve brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte S. Truin
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Irene S. Heger
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Martin P.J. van Boxtel
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Miranda T. Schram
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center
- Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center
| | - Walter H. Backes
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center
| | - Jacobus F.A. Jansen
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | | | - Nanne K. de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Simone J.P.M. Eussen
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Coen D.A. Stehouwer
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Marjolein E. de Vugt
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | - Kay Deckers
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
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Hartung FM, Thieme P, Wild-Wall N, Hell B. Being Snoopy and Smart. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Curiosity is a basic driver for learning and development. It has been conceptualized as a desire for new information and knowledge that motivates people to explore their physical and social environment. This raises the question of whether curiosity facilitates the acquisition of knowledge. The present study ( N = 100) assessed epistemic curiosity and general knowledge as well as fluid intelligence (i.e., reasoning ability, processing speed, memory) in a student sample. The results indicate that epistemic curiosity is moderately related to knowledge ( r = .24) and reasoning ability ( r = .30). None of the fluid intelligence measures did moderate the relationship between curiosity and knowledge (interaction terms β < |.08|). Rather, reasoning ability mediated the relationship between epistemic curiosity and general knowledge (indirect effect: β = .10, p < .05). The findings suggest that epistemic curiosity facilitates the acquisition of knowledge by promoting reasoning. One might speculate that epistemically curious individuals enrich their environment, which in turn enhances their cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda-Marie Hartung
- Department of Psychology, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
| | - Pia Thieme
- Department of Psychology, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
| | - Nele Wild-Wall
- Department of Psychology, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
| | - Benedikt Hell
- Institute Humans in Complex Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
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Dennin A, Furman K, Pretz JE, Roy MM. The relationship of types of intuition to thinking styles, beliefs, and cognitions. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Dennin
- Department of Psychology Elizabethtown College Elizabethtown Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology Widener University Chester Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kayla Furman
- Department of Psychology Elizabethtown College Elizabethtown Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jean E. Pretz
- Department of Psychology Elizabethtown College Elizabethtown Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael M. Roy
- Department of Psychology Elizabethtown College Elizabethtown Pennsylvania USA
- Potchefstroom is School of Music North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
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Russo D, Masegosa AR, Stol KJ. From anecdote to evidence: the relationship between personality and need for cognition of developers. EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2022; 27:71. [PMID: 35313539 PMCID: PMC8928712 DOI: 10.1007/s10664-021-10106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable anecdotal evidence suggesting that software engineers enjoy engaging in solving puzzles and other cognitive efforts. A tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful thinking is referred to as a person's 'need for cognition.' In this article we study the relationship between software engineers' personality traits and their need for cognition. Through a large-scale sample study of 483 respondents we collected data to capture the six 'bright' personality traits of the HEXACO model of personality, and three 'dark' personality traits. Data were analyzed using several methods including a multiple Bayesian linear regression analysis. The results indicate that ca. 33% of variation in developers' need for cognition can be explained by personality traits. The Bayesian analysis suggests four traits to be of particular interest in predicting need for cognition: openness to experience, conscientiousness, honesty-humility, and emotionality. Further, we also find that need for cognition of software engineers is, on average, higher than in the general population, based on a comparison with prior studies. Given the importance of human factors for software engineers' performance in general, and problem solving skills in particular, our findings suggest several implications for recruitment, working behavior, and teaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Russo
- Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaas-Jan Stol
- Lero—The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software and School of Computer Science, Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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