1
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Kim E, Kim HC, Kim BU, Woo JH, Liu Y, Kim S. Development of surface observation-based two-step emissions adjustment and its application on CO, NO x, and SO 2 emissions in China and South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167818. [PMID: 37858815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to estimate local emission conditions of a downwind area solely based on concentrations in the downwind area. This is because air pollutants that have a long residence time in the atmosphere can be transported over long distances and influence air quality in downwind areas. In this study, a Two-step Emissions Adjustment (TEA) approach was developed to adjust downwind emissions of target air pollutants with surface observations, considering their long-range transported emission impacts from upwind areas calculated from air quality simulations. Using the TEA approach, CO, NOx, and SO2 emissions were adjusted in China and South Korea between 2016 and 2021 based on existing bottom-up emissions inventories. Simulations with the adjusted emissions showed that the 6-year average normalized mean biases of the monthly mean concentrations of CO, NOx, and SO2 improved to 0.3 %, -2 %, and 2 %, respectively, in China, and to 5 %, 7 %, and 4 %, respectively, in South Korea. When analyzing the emission trends, it was estimated that the annual emissions of CO, NOx, and SO2 in China decreased at a rate of 7.2 %, 4.5 %, and 10.6 % per year, respectively. The decrease rate of emissions for each of these pollutants was similar to that of ambient concentrations. When considering upwind emission impacts in the emissions adjustment, CO emissions increased by 1.3 %/year in South Korea, despite CO concentrations in the country decreasing during the study period. During the study period, NOx and SO2 emissions in South Korea decreased by 3.9 % and 0.5 %/year, respectively. Moreover, the TEA approach can account for drastic short-term emission changes (e.g., social distancing due to COVID-19). Therefore, the TEA approach can be used to adjust emissions and improve reproducibility of concentrations of air pollutants suitable for health studies for areas where upwind emission impacts are significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyun Cheol Kim
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Byeong-Uk Kim
- Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Atlanta, GA 30354, USA
| | - Jung-Hun Woo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Soontae Kim
- Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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2
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Dasari S, Andersson A, Popa ME, Röckmann T, Holmstrand H, Budhavant K, Gustafsson Ö. Observational Evidence of Large Contribution from Primary Sources for Carbon Monoxide in the South Asian Outflow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:165-174. [PMID: 34914368 PMCID: PMC8733925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
South Asian air is among the most polluted in the world, causing premature death of millions and asserting a strong perturbation of the regional climate. A central component is carbon monoxide (CO), which is a key modulator of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and a potent indirect greenhouse gas. While CO concentrations are declining elsewhere, South Asia exhibits an increasing trend for unresolved reasons. In this paper, we use dual-isotope (δ13C and δ18O) fingerprinting of CO intercepted in the South Asian outflow to constrain the relative contributions from primary and secondary CO sources. Results show that combustion-derived primary sources dominate the wintertime continental CO fingerprint (fprimary ∼ 79 ± 4%), significantly higher than the global estimate (fprimary ∼ 55 ± 5%). Satellite-based inventory estimates match isotope-constrained fprimary-CO, suggesting observational convergence in source characterization and a prospect for model-observation reconciliation. This "ground-truthing" emphasizes the pressing need to mitigate incomplete combustion activities for climate/air quality benefits in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Dasari
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - August Andersson
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Popa
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Holmstrand
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Krishnakant Budhavant
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- Maldives
Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH), Maldives Meteorological Services, Hanimaadhoo 02020, Republic
of the Maldives
- Centre
for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Divecha Centre for Climate
Change, Indian Institute of Sciences (IISC), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Örjan Gustafsson
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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3
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Venter ZS, Aunan K, Chowdhury S, Lelieveld J. COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020. [PMID: 32723816 DOI: 10.1029/2005gl024213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lockdown response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented reduction in global economic and transport activity. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced tropospheric and ground-level air pollution concentrations, using satellite data and a network of >10,000 air quality stations. After accounting for the effects of meteorological variability, we find declines in the population-weighted concentration of ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 60% with 95% CI 48 to 72%), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5: 31%; 95% CI: 17 to 45%), with marginal increases in ozone (O3: 4%; 95% CI: -2 to 10%) in 34 countries during lockdown dates up until 15 May. Except for ozone, satellite measurements of the troposphere indicate much smaller reductions, highlighting the spatial variability of pollutant anomalies attributable to complex NOx chemistry and long-distance transport of fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5). By leveraging Google and Apple mobility data, we find empirical evidence for a link between global vehicle transportation declines and the reduction of ambient NO2 exposure. While the state of global lockdown is not sustainable, these findings allude to the potential for mitigating public health risk by reducing "business as usual" air pollutant emissions from economic activities. Explore trends here: https://nina.earthengine.app/view/lockdown-pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zander S Venter
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kristin Aunan
- Center for International Climate Research, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sourangsu Chowdhury
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus
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4
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Abstract
Solid fuel cooking stoves have been used as primary energy sources for residential cooking and heating activities throughout human history. It has been estimated that domestic combustion of solid fuels makes a considerable contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions. The majority of data collected from simulated tests in laboratories does not accurately reflect the performance of stoves in actual use. This study characterizes in-field emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and total non-methane hydrocarbons (TNMHC) from residential cooking events with various fuel and stove types from villages in two provinces in China (Tibet and Yunnan) in the Himalayan area. Emissions of PM2.5 and gas-phase pollutant concentrations were measured directly and corresponding emission factors calculated using the carbon balance approach. Real-time monitoring of indoor PM2.5, CO2, and CO concentrations was conducted simultaneously. Major factors responsible for emission variance among and between cooking stoves are discussed.
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5
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Sethurajan A, Krachkovskiy S, Goward G, Protas B. Bayesian uncertainty quantification in inverse modeling of electrochemical systems. J Comput Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athinthra Sethurajan
- School of Computational Science & Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Sergey Krachkovskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Gillian Goward
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Bartosz Protas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
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6
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Barbulescu A, Barbes L. Modeling the carbon monoxide dissipation in Timisoara, Romania. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:831-838. [PMID: 28249759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling the evolution of pollutants' concentration is important for predicting their impact on the human health and implementing measures for a sustainable development and environmental protection. Since the carbon dioxide (CO) is one of the main pollutants that affect the urban environment, the present study aimed at building a model for the evolution of the mean daily and monthly concentration in Timisoara, Romania. We found a non-linear direct dependence of CO concentration on the temperature and humidity and an inverse proportional relationship with the wind speed. The models have been linearized and validated by statistical tests. The extreme values distributions have also been detected, and comparisons of the data with the admissible values are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Barbulescu
- Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania; Higher Colleges of Technology, University City, P.O. Box 7947, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lucica Barbes
- Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania.
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7
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Myriokefalitakis S, Daskalakis N, Fanourgakis GS, Voulgarakis A, Krol MC, Aan de Brugh JMJ, Kanakidou M. Ozone and carbon monoxide budgets over the Eastern Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:40-52. [PMID: 27135565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the long-range transport (LRT) on O3 and CO budgets over the Eastern Mediterranean has been investigated using the state-of-the-art 3-dimensional global chemistry-transport model TM4-ECPL. A 3-D budget analysis has been performed separating the Eastern from the Western basins and the boundary layer (BL) from the free troposphere (FT). The FT of the Eastern Mediterranean is shown to be a strong receptor of polluted air masses from the Western Mediterranean, and the most important source of polluted air masses for the Eastern Mediterranean BL, with about 40% of O3 and of CO in the BL to be transported from the FT aloft. Regional anthropogenic sources are found to have relatively small impact on regional air quality in the area, contributing by about 8% and 18% to surface levels of O3 and CO, respectively. Projections using anthropogenic emissions for the year 2050 but neglecting climate change calculate a surface O3 decrease of about 11% together with a surface CO increase of roughly 10% in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Myriokefalitakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - N Daskalakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - G S Fanourgakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Voulgarakis
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M C Krol
- Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Kanakidou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
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8
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Chaliyakunnel S, Millet DB, Wells KC, Cady-Pereira KE, Shephard MW. A Large Underestimate of Formic Acid from Tropical Fires: Constraints from Space-Borne Measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5631-40. [PMID: 27149080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant carboxylic acids and a dominant source of atmospheric acidity. Recent work indicates a major gap in the HCOOH budget, with atmospheric concentrations much larger than expected from known sources. Here, we employ recent space-based observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer with the GEOS-Chem atmospheric model to better quantify the HCOOH source from biomass burning, and assess whether fire emissions can help close the large budget gap for this species. The space-based data reveal a severe model HCOOH underestimate most prominent over tropical burning regions, suggesting a major missing source of organic acids from fires. We develop an approach for inferring the fractional fire contribution to ambient HCOOH and find, based on measurements over Africa, that pyrogenic HCOOH:CO enhancement ratios are much higher than expected from direct emissions alone, revealing substantial secondary organic acid production in fire plumes. Current models strongly underestimate (by 10 ± 5 times) the total primary and secondary HCOOH source from African fires. If a 10-fold bias were to extend to fires in other regions, biomass burning could produce 14 Tg/a of HCOOH in the tropics or 16 Tg/a worldwide. However, even such an increase would only represent 15-20% of the total required HCOOH source, implying the existence of other larger missing sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaliyakunnel
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - D B Millet
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - K C Wells
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - K E Cady-Pereira
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research , Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - M W Shephard
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
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9
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Joint Application of Concentration and δ18O to Investigate the Global Atmospheric CO Budget. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hooghiemstra PB, Krol MC, van Leeuwen TT, van der Werf GR, Novelli PC, Deeter MN, Aben I, Röckmann T. Interannual variability of carbon monoxide emission estimates over South America from 2006 to 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Hooghiemstra PB, Krol MC, Bergamaschi P, de Laat ATJ, van der Werf GR, Novelli PC, Deeter MN, Aben I, Röckmann T. Comparing optimized CO emission estimates using MOPITT or NOAA surface network observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Mu M, Randerson JT, van der Werf GR, Giglio L, Kasibhatla P, Morton D, Collatz GJ, DeFries RS, Hyer EJ, Prins EM, Griffith DWT, Wunch D, Toon GC, Sherlock V, Wennberg PO. Daily and 3-hourly variability in global fire emissions and consequences for atmospheric model predictions of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mu
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - J. T. Randerson
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - G. R. van der Werf
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - L. Giglio
- Department of Geography; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - P. Kasibhatla
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - D. Morton
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - G. J. Collatz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. S. DeFries
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - E. J. Hyer
- Marine Meteorology Division; Naval Research Laboratory; Monterey California USA
| | - E. M. Prins
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - D. W. T. Griffith
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
| | - D. Wunch
- Divisions of Engineering and Applied Science and Geological and Planetary Science; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - V. Sherlock
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd.; Wellington New Zealand
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Divisions of Engineering and Applied Science and Geological and Planetary Science; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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13
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Lai SC, Baker AK, Schuck TJ, Slemr F, Brenninkmeijer CAM, van Velthoven P, Oram DE, Zahn A, Ziereis H. Characterization and source regions of 51 high-CO events observed during Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) flights between south China and the Philippines, 2005–2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Fortems-Cheiney A, Chevallier F, Pison I, Bousquet P, Szopa S, Deeter MN, Clerbaux C. Ten years of CO emissions as seen from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Chi KH, Lin CY, Yang CFO, Wang JL, Lin NH, Sheu GR, Lee CT. PCDD/F measurement at a high-altitude station in Central Taiwan: evaluation of long-range transport of PCDD/Fs during the Southeast Asia biomass burning event. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2954-2960. [PMID: 20345091 DOI: 10.1021/es1000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent biomass burning in Southeast Asia has raised global concerns over its adverse effects on visibility, human health, and global climate. The concentrations of total suspended particles (TSPs) and other vapor-phase pollutants (CO and ozone) were monitored at Lulin, an atmospheric background station in central Taiwan in 2008. To evaluate the long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during the Southeast Asia biomass burning event, the atmospheric polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were also measured at Lulin station. The atmospheric PCDD/F and TSP concentrations measured at Lulin station ranged from 0.71-3.41 fg I-TEQ/m(3) and 5.32-55.6 microg/m(3), respectively, during the regular sampling periods. However, significantly higher concentrations of PCDD/Fs, TSPs, CO, and ozone were measured during the spring season. These high concentrations could be the result of long-range transport of the products of Southeast Asia biomass burning. During the Southeast Asia biomass burning event (March 18-24, 2008), an intensive observation program was also carried out at the same station. The results of this observation program indicated that the atmospheric PCDD/F concentration increased dramatically from 2.33 to 390 fg I-TEQ/m(3) (March 19, 2008). The trace gas (CO) of biomass burning also significantly increased to 232 ppb during the same period, while the particle-bound PCDD/Fs in the TSP increased from 28.7 to 109 pg I-TEQ/g-TSP at Lulin station during the burning event. We conclude that there was a significant increase in the PCDD/F concentration in ambient air at a high-altitude background station in central Taiwan during the Southeast Asia biomass burning event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hsien Chi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
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16
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Hu Y, Odman MT, Russell AG. Top-down analysis of the elemental carbon emissions inventory in the United States by inverse modeling using Community Multiscale Air Quality model with decoupled direct method (CMAQ-DDM). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Yashiro H, Sugawara S, Sudo K, Aoki S, Nakazawa T. Temporal and spatial variations of carbon monoxide over the western part of the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Novelli PC, Crotwell AM, Hall BD. Application of gas chromatography with a pulsed discharge helium ionization detector for measurements of molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2431-2436. [PMID: 19452897 DOI: 10.1021/es803180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's troposphere contains approximately 160 Tg H2 with an average surface mixing ratio approximately 530 nmole mole(-1) (ppb) and lifetime of 2 years. Atmospheric H2 is typically measured using gas chromatography (GC) followed by hot mercuric oxide reduction detection (GC-HgO). Here we describe an alternate method using GC with a pulsed-discharge helium ionization detector (HePPD). HePPD is a universal detector; when applied to H2, the GC-HePDD provides a wide linear range (0.3% over a range of 2000 ppb), a detection limit of approximately 0.03 pg, high precision (0.12%) and a stable response (+/-1.6% over nearly one year). HePPD is compared to HgO reduction using a suite of gravimetrically prepared reference gases spanning remote to urban concentrations. The method is excellent for atmospheric measurements as it provides a wide linear range with high precision, stability and reproducibility. We suggest these characteristics will improve the ability to maintain reference gases and improve measurements of atmospheric H2, thus providing better constraints on potential future changes in its sources and sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Novelli
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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19
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Kopacz M, Jacob DJ, Henze DK, Heald CL, Streets DG, Zhang Q. Comparison of adjoint and analytical Bayesian inversion methods for constraining Asian sources of carbon monoxide using satellite (MOPITT) measurements of CO columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Laothawornkitkul J, Taylor JE, Paul ND, Hewitt CN. Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the Earth system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:27-51. [PMID: 19422541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds produced by plants are involved in plant growth, development, reproduction and defence. They also function as communication media within plant communities, between plants and between plants and insects. Because of the high chemical reactivity of many of these compounds, coupled with their large mass emission rates from vegetation into the atmosphere, they have significant effects on the chemical composition and physical characteristics of the atmosphere. Hence, biogenic volatile organic compounds mediate the relationship between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Alteration of this relationship by anthropogenically driven changes to the environment, including global climate change, may perturb these interactions and may lead to adverse and hard-to-predict consequences for the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane E Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Nigel D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - C Nicholas Hewitt
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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21
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Yurganov LN, McMillan WW, Dzhola AV, Grechko EI, Jones NB, van der Werf GR. Global AIRS and MOPITT CO measurements: Validation, comparison, and links to biomass burning variations and carbon cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Orlando JJ, Walters S, Guenther A, Palmer PI, Lawrence PJ. Contribution of isoprene to chemical budgets: A model tracer study with the NCAR CTM MOZART-4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Pfister
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. K. Emmons
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. G. Hess
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. J. Orlando
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Walters
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Guenther
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. I. Palmer
- School of GeoSciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - P. J. Lawrence
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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24
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Pison I, Menut L, Bergametti G. Inverse modeling of surface NOxanthropogenic emission fluxes in the Paris area during the Air Pollution Over Paris Region (ESQUIF) campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Duncan BN, Logan JA, Bey I, Megretskaia IA, Yantosca RM, Novelli PC, Jones NB, Rinsland CP. Global budget of CO, 1988–1997: Source estimates and validation with a global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Lin Y, Zhao C, Peng L, Fang Y. A new method to calculate monthly CO emissions using MOPITT satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that carbon monoxide (CO) participates in a broader range of processes than any other single molecule, ranging from subcellular to planetary scales. Despite its toxicity to many organisms, a diverse group of bacteria that span multiple phylogenetic lineages metabolize CO. These bacteria are globally distributed and include pathogens, plant symbionts and biogeochemically important lineages in soils and the oceans. New molecular and isolation techniques, as well as genome sequencing, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity of CO oxidizers. Here, we present a newly emerging picture of the distribution, diversity and ecology of aerobic CO-oxidizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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28
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Shindell DT, Faluvegi G, Stevenson DS, Krol MC, Emmons LK, Lamarque JF, Pétron G, Dentener FJ, Ellingsen K, Schultz MG, Wild O, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S, Unger N, van Noije TPC, Zeng G. Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Chan ASK, Steudler PA. Carbon monoxide uptake kinetics in unamended and long-term nitrogen-amended temperate forest soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 57:343-54. [PMID: 16907749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen (N) additions on the dynamics of carbon monoxide consumption in temperate forest soils is poorly understood. We measured soil CO profiles, potential rates of CO consumption and uptake kinetics in temperate hardwood and pine control plots and plots amended with 50 and 150 kg N ha-1 year-1 for more than 15 years. Soil profiles of CO concentrations were above atmospheric levels in the high-N plots of both stands, suggesting that in these forest soils the balance between consumption and production may be shifted so that either production is increased or consumption decreased. Highest rates of CO consumption were measured in the organic horizon and decreased with soil depth. In the N-amended plots, CO consumption increased in all but one soil depth of the hardwood stand, but decreased in all soil depths of the pine stand. CO enzyme affinities increased with soil depth in the control plots. However, enzyme affinities in the most active soil depths (organic and 0-5 cm mineral) decreased in response to low levels of N in both stands. In the high-N plots, affinities dramatically-increased in the hardwood stand, but decreased in the organic horizon and increased slightly in the 0-5 cm mineral soil in the pine stand. These findings indicate that long-term N addition either by fertilization or deposition may alter the size, composition and/or physiology of the community of CO consumers so that their ability to act as a sink for atmospheric CO has changed. This change could have a substantial effect on the lifetime of greenhouse gases such as CH4 and therefore the future of Earth's climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvarus S K Chan
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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30
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Streets DG, Zhang Q, Wang L, He K, Hao J, Wu Y, Tang Y, Carmichael GR. Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Arellano AF, Kasibhatla PS, Giglio L, van der Werf GR, Randerson JT, Collatz GJ. Time-dependent inversion estimates of global biomass-burning CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Manning MR, Lowe DC, Moss RC, Bodeker GE, Allan W. Short-term variations in the oxidizing power of the atmosphere. Nature 2005; 436:1001-4. [PMID: 16107844 DOI: 10.1038/nature03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical is the predominant atmospheric oxidant, responsible for removing a wide range of trace gases, including greenhouse gases, from the atmosphere. Determination of trends and variability in hydroxyl radical concentrations is critical to understanding whether the 'cleansing' properties of the atmosphere are changing. The variability in hydroxyl radical concentrations on annual to monthly timescales, however, is difficult to quantify. Here we show records of carbon monoxide containing radiocarbon (14CO), which is oxidized by hydroxyl radicals, from clean-air sites at Baring Head, New Zealand, and Scott Base, Antarctica, spanning 13 years. Using a model study, we correct for known variations in production of 14CO (refs 6, 7), allowing us to exploit this species as a diagnostic for short term changes in hydroxyl radical concentrations. We find no significant long-term trend in hydroxyl radical concentrations but provide evidence for recurring short-term variations of around ten per cent persisting for a few months. We also find decreases in hydroxyl radical concentrations of up to 20 per cent, apparently triggered by the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in 1991 and by the occurrence of extensive fires in Indonesia in 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Manning
- IPCC Working Group I Support Unit, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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33
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Velazco V. Latitude and altitude variability of carbon monoxide in the Atlantic detected from ship-borne Fourier transform spectrometry, model, and satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Quélo D, Mallet V, Sportisse B. Inverse modeling of NOxemissions at regional scale over northern France: Preliminary investigation of the second-order sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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36
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Zhang S, Penner JE, Torres O. Inverse modeling of biomass burning emissions using Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aerosol index for 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Shindell DT, Faluvegi G, Emmons LK. Inferring carbon monoxide pollution changes from space-based observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Jones DBA, Palmer PI, Logan JA, Streets DG, Sachse GW, Gille JC, Hoffman RN, Nehrkorn T. Comparative inverse analysis of satellite (MOPITT) and aircraft (TRACE-P) observations to estimate Asian sources of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Dylan B. A. Jones
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - John C. Gille
- National Center of Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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39
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van der Werf GR, Randerson JT, Collatz GJ, Giglio L, Kasibhatla PS, Arellano AF, Olsen SC, Kasischke ES. Continental-Scale Partitioning of Fire Emissions During the 1997 to 2001 El Nino/La Nina Period. Science 2004; 303:73-6. [PMID: 14704424 DOI: 10.1126/science.1090753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the 1997 to 1998 El Niño, drought conditions triggered widespread increases in fire activity, releasing CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere. We evaluated the contribution of fires from different continents to variability in these greenhouse gases from 1997 to 2001, using satellite-based estimates of fire activity, biogeochemical modeling, and an inverse analysis of atmospheric CO anomalies. During the 1997 to 1998 El Niño, the fire emissions anomaly was 2.1 +/- 0.8 petagrams of carbon, or 66 +/- 24% of the CO2 growth rate anomaly. The main contributors were Southeast Asia (60%), Central and South America (30%), and boreal regions of Eurasia and North America (10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido R van der Werf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Foreign Agricultural Service, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Code 923, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
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40
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Allen D. Evaluation of pollutant outflow and CO sources during TRACE-P using model-calculated, aircraft-based, and Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)-derived CO concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Deriving Global Quantitative Estimates for Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Biomass Burning Emissions. ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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Ito A. Global estimates of biomass burning emissions based on satellite imagery for the year 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Pfister G. Evaluation of CO simulations and the analysis of the CO budget for Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Jones DBA, Bowman KW, Palmer PI, Worden JR, Jacob DJ, Hoffman RN, Bey I, Yantosca RM. Potential of observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer to constrain continental sources of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. A. Jones
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Kevin W. Bowman
- California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - John R. Worden
- California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Ross N. Hoffman
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | - Isabelle Bey
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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45
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Palmer PI, Jacob DJ, Jones DBA, Heald CL, Yantosca RM, Logan JA, Sachse GW, Streets DG. Inverting for emissions of carbon monoxide from Asia using aircraft observations over the western Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul I. Palmer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Dylan B. A. Jones
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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46
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von Kuhlmann R, Lawrence MG, Crutzen PJ, Rasch PJ. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model description and ozone results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip J. Rasch
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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47
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Martin RV, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Chin M, Ginoux P. Global and regional decreases in tropospheric oxidants from photochemical effects of aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall V. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mian Chin
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Paul Ginoux
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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48
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Novelli PC. Reanalysis of tropospheric CO trends: Effects of the 1997–1998 wildfires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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von Kuhlmann R. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model evaluation of ozone-related species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Gilliland AB. Seasonal NH3emission estimates for the eastern United States based on ammonium wet concentrations and an inverse modeling method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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