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Wang Y, Liu T, Gong D, Wang H, Guo H, Liao M, Deng S, Cai H, Wang B. Anthropogenic Pollutants Induce Changes in Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Formation Intensity and Pathways in a Mountainous Background Atmosphere in Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6253-6262. [PMID: 37017935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mountainous background areas are typically considered to have a clean atmosphere where peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) can be decomposed. This study demonstrated that PAN was photochemically formed with a simulated production rate of 0.28 ± 0.06 ppbv h-1 in the Nanling mountains (1690 m a.s.l.) of South China and that net PAN formation was dependent on both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx precursors (transition regime). In contrast to dominated acetaldehyde oxidation in previous urban and rural research, PAN at Nanling was primarily formed by methylglyoxal (38%), acetaldehyde (28%), radicals (20%), and other oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) (13%). Moreover, when polluted air masses invaded the Nanling mountains, the PAN production rate was altered, primarily because anthropogenic aromatics intensified PAN formation via the oxidized pathways of methylglyoxal, other OVOCs, and radicals. Finally, net PAN formation at Nanling reduced the hydroxyl radical level by consuming NOx, impaired local radical cycling, and thereby suppressed local O3 production. This suppressing effect was exacerbated on polluted days. The findings of this study deepen our understanding of PAN photochemistry and the impact of anthropogenic intrusions on the background atmosphere of mountainous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Daocheng Gong
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minping Liao
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shuo Deng
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huang Cai
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Sobanski N, Tuzson B, Scheidegger P, Looser H, Hüglin C, Emmenegger L. A High-Precision Mid-Infrared Spectrometer for Ambient HNO 3 Measurements. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22239158. [PMID: 36501859 PMCID: PMC9739400 DOI: 10.3390/s22239158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise and accurate measurements of ambient HNO3 are crucial for understanding various atmospheric processes, but its ultra-low trace amounts and the high polarity of HNO3 have strongly hindered routine, widespread, direct measurements of HNO3 and restricted field studies to mostly short-term, localized measurement campaigns. Here, we present a custom field-deployable direct absorption laser spectrometer and demonstrate its analytical capabilities for in situ atmospheric HNO3 measurements. Detailed laboratory characterizations with a particular focus on the instrument response under representative conditions for tropospheric measurements, i.e., the humidity, spectral interference, changing HNO3 amount fractions, and air-sampling-related artifacts, revealed the key aspects of our method: (i) a good linear response (R2 > 0.98) between 0 and 25 nmol·mol−1 in both dry and humid conditions with a limit of detection of 95 pmol·mol−1; (ii) a discrepancy of 20% between the spectroscopically derived amount fractions and indirect measurements using liquid trapping and ion chromatography; (iii) a systematic spectral bias due to water vapor. The spectrometer was deployed in a three-week field measurement campaign to continuously monitor the HNO3 amount fraction in ambient air. The measured values varied between 0.1 ppb and 0.8 ppb and correlated well with the daily total nitrates measured using a filter trapping method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sobanski
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Béla Tuzson
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Philipp Scheidegger
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Looser
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hüglin
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Ninneman M, Marto J, Shaw S, Edgerton E, Blanchard C, Schwab J. Reactive oxidized nitrogen speciation and partitioning in urban and rural New York State. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:348-365. [PMID: 33395373 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1837289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined reactive oxidized nitrogen (NOy) speciation and partitioning at one urban site, Queens College (QC) in New York City, and one rural site, Pinnacle State Park (PSP) in Addison, New York (NY) from September 2016 to August 2018 and June 2016 to September 2018, respectively. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), nitric acid (HNO3), particle nitrate (pNO3), peroxy nitrates (PNs), alkyl nitrates (ANs), and NOy measurements were made at both sites. Across all seasons at QC, the median NOx, HNO3, pNO3, PNs, ANs, and NOy concentrations were 10.99, 0.49, 0.24, 0.62, 0.94, and 13.95 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. All-season median percent contributions of NOx, HNO3, pNO3, PNs, and ANs to the total NOy at QC were 77, 4, 2, 5, and 7%, respectively. Therefore, the sum of the individual NOy species (NOyi ≈ NOx + HNO3 + pNO3 + PNs + ANs) accounted for 95% of the total NOy at QC, which was well within measurement uncertainties. At PSP, the median NOx, HNO3, pNO3, PNs, ANs, and NOy concentrations were 0.65, 0.16, 0.12, 0.13, 0.18, and 1.56 ppb, respectively, over all seasons. The median percent contributions of NOx, HNO3, pNO3, PNs, and ANs to NOy over all seasons at PSP were 42, 10, 8, 9, and 12%, respectively. NOyi comprised 81% of NOy across all seasons at PSP, and deviations from 100% closure were generally within measurement uncertainties. Since both datasets yielded NOy budget closure results that were either fully or largely explained by the measurement uncertainties, the observed NOyi is likely representative of ambient NOy in urban and rural New York. The results have implications for understanding the fate of NOx emissions and their impact on local and regional air quality in urban and rural New York State.Implications: Continuous speciated and total reactive oxidized nitrogen (NOy) measurements were made in urban and rural New York from 2016 to 2018. Different NOy species have contrasting effects on the chemistry that impacts ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) formation and concentrations. Since O3 and PM2.5 are regulated pollutants that have proven difficult to control, the results have implications for current and future air quality policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ninneman
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Marto
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, NC, USA
| | | | - James Schwab
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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Carbonaceous Aerosols Collected at the Observatory of Monte Curcio in the Southern Mediterranean Basin. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work provides the first continuous measurements of carbonaceous aerosol at the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Monte Curcio regional station, within the southern Mediterranean basin. We specifically analyzed elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations in particulate matter (PM) samples, collected from April to December during the two years of 2016 and 2017. The purpose of the study is to understand the behavior of both PM and carbonaceous species, in their fine and coarse size fraction, along with their seasonal variability. Based on 18 months of observations, we obtained a dataset that resulted in a vast range of variability. We found the maximum values in summer, mainly related to the enhanced formation of secondary pollutants owing to intense solar radiation, also due to the high frequency of wildfires in the surrounding areas, as well as to the reduced precipitation and aerosol-wet removal. We otherwise observed the lowest levels during fall, coinciding with well-ventilated conditions, low photochemical activity, higher precipitation amounts, and less frequency of Saharan dust episodes. We employed the HYSPLIT model to identify long-range transport from Saharan desert. We found that the Saharan dust events caused higher concentrations of PM and OC in the coarser size fraction whereas the wildfire events likely influenced the highest PM, OC, and EC concentrations we recorded for the finer fraction.
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Chen X, Xie M, Hays MD, Edgerton E, Schwede D, Walker JT. Characterization of organic nitrogen in aerosols at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:6829-6846. [PMID: 32704249 PMCID: PMC7377252 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-6829-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the composition of organic particulate matter in PM2.5 in a remote montane forest in the southeastern US, focusing on the role of organic nitrogen (N) in sulfur-containing secondary organic aerosol (nitrooxy-organosulfates) and aerosols associated with biomass burning (nitro-aromatics). Bulk water-soluble organic N (WSON) represented ~ 14% w/w of water-soluble total N (WSTN) in PM2.5 on average across seasonal measurement campaigns conducted in the spring, summer, and fall of 2015. The largest contributions of WSON to WSTN were observed in spring (~ 18% w/w) and the lowest in the fall (~ 10% w/w). On average, identified nitro-aromatic and nitrooxy-organosulfate compounds accounted for a small fraction of WSON, ranging from ~ 1% in spring to ~ 4% in fall, though were observed to contribute as much as 28% w/w of WSON in individual samples that were impacted by local biomass burning. The highest concentrations of oxidized organic N species occurred during summer (average of 0.65 ng N m-3) along with a greater relative abundance of higher-generation oxygenated terpenoic acids, indicating an association with more aged aerosol. The highest concentrations of nitro-aromatics (e.g., nitrocatechol and methyl-nitrocatechol), levoglucosan, and aged SOA tracers were observed during fall, associated with aged biomass burning plumes. Nighttime nitrate radical chemistry is the most likely formation pathway for nitrooxy-organosulfates observed at this low NO x site (generally < 1 ppb). Isoprene-derived organosulfate (MW216, 2-methyltetrol derived), which is formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) under low NO x conditions, was the most abundant individual organosulfate. Concentration-weighted average WSON / WSOC ratios for nitro-aromatics + organosulfates + terpenoic acids were 1 order of magnitude lower than the overall aerosol WSON / WSOC ratio, indicating the presence of other uncharacterized higher-N-content species. Although nitrooxy-organosulfates and nitro-aromatics contributed a small fraction of WSON, our results provide new insight into the atmospheric formation processes and sources of these largely uncharacterized components of atmospheric organic N, which also helps to advance the atmospheric models to better understand the chemistry and deposition of reactive N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Mingjie Xie
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Michael D. Hays
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Eric Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc., Cary, NC 27513, USA
| | - Donna Schwede
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - John T. Walker
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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Zhang L, Jin L, Zhao T, Yin Y, Zhu B, Shan Y, Guo X, Tan C, Gao J, Wang H. Diurnal variation of surface ozone in mountainous areas: Case study of Mt. Huang, East China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:583-590. [PMID: 26318811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To explore the variations in atmospheric environment over mountainous areas, measurements were made from an intensive field observation at the summit of Mt. Huang (30.13°N, 118.15°E, 1841m above sea level), a rural site located in East China, from June to August 2011. The measurements revealed a diurnal change of surface O3 with low concentrations during the daytime and high concentrations during the nighttime. The causes of diurnal O3 variations over the mountain peak in East China were investigated by using a fairly comprehensive WRF-Chem and HYSPLIT4 modeling approach with observational analysis. By varying model inputs and comparing the results to a baseline modeling and actual air quality observations, it is found that nearby ozone urban/anthropogenic emission sources were contributing to a nighttime increase in mountaintop ozone levels due to a regional transport lag and residual layer effects. Positive correlation of measured O3 and CO concentrations suggested that O3 was associated with anthropogenic emissions. Sensitivity modeling experiments indicated that local anthropogenic emissions had little impact on the diurnal pattern of O3. The diurnal pattern of O3 was mainly influenced by regional O3 transport from the surrounding urban areas located 100-150km away from the summit, with a lag time of 10h for transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lianji Jin
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yunpeng Shan
- Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chenghao Tan
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jinhui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Haoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Science Information & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Fischer EV, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Sulprizio MP, Millet DB, Mao J, Paulot F, Singh HB, Roiger A, Ries L, Talbot R, Dzepina K, Pandey Deolal S. Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): a global budget and source attribution. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2014; 14:2679-2698. [PMID: 33758588 PMCID: PMC7983850 DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-2679-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formed in the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) is the principal tropospheric reservoir for nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO + NO2). PAN enables the transport and release of NOx to the remote troposphere with major implications for the global distributions of ozone and OH, the main tropospheric oxidants. Simulation of PAN is a challenge for global models because of the dependence of PAN on vertical transport as well as complex and uncertain NMVOC sources and chemistry. Here we use an improved representation of NMVOCs in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and show that it can simulate PAN observations from aircraft campaigns worldwide. The immediate carbonyl precursors for PAN formation include acetaldehyde (44% of the global source), methylglyoxal (30 %), acetone (7 %), and a suite of other isoprene and terpene oxidation products (19 %). A diversity of NMVOC emissions is responsible for PAN formation globally including isoprene (37 %) and alkanes (14 %). Anthropogenic sources are dominant in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere outside the growing season. Open fires appear to play little role except at high northern latitudes in spring, although results are very sensitive to plume chemistry and plume rise. Lightning NOx is the dominant contributor to the observed PAN maximum in the free troposphere over the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R. M. Yantosca
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M. P. Sulprizio
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - J. Mao
- Princeton University, GFDL, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - F. Paulot
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - H. B. Singh
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - A. Roiger
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - L. Ries
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R.W. Talbot
- Federal Environment Agency, GAW Global Station Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg, Zugspitze, Germany
| | - K. Dzepina
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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Zhang H, Xu X, Lin W, Wang Y. Wintertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the megacity Beijing: role of photochemical and meteorological processes. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:83-96. [PMID: 24649694 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in Asian megacities were scarce and mainly conducted for relative short periods in summer. Here, we present and analyze the measurements of PAN, O3, NO(x), etc., made at an urban site (CMA) in Beijing from 25 January to 22 March 2010. The hourly concentration of PAN averaged 0.70 x 10(-9) mol/mol (0.23 x 10(-9) -3.51 x 10(-9) mol/mol) and was well correlated with that of NO2 but not O3, indicating that the variations of the winter concentrations of PAN and 03 in urban Beijing are decoupled with each other. Wind conditions and transport of air masses exert very significant impacts on O3, PAN, and other species. Air masses arriving at the site originated either from the boundary layer over the highly polluted N-S-W sector or from the free troposphere over the W-N sector. The descending free-tropospheric air was rich in O3, with an average PAN/O3 ratio smaller than 0.031, while the boundary layer air over the polluted sector contained higher levels of PAN and primary pollutants, with an average PAN/O3 ratio of 0.11. These facts related with transport conditions can well explain the observed PAN-O3 decoupling. Photochemical production is important to PAN in the winter over Beijing. The concentration of the peroxyacetyl (PA) radical was estimated to be in the range of 0.0014 x 10(-12) -0.0042 x 10(-12) mol/mol. The contributions of the formation reaction and thermal decomposition to PAN's variation were calculated and found to be significant even in the colder period in air over Beijing, with the production exceeding the decomposition.
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Lee JB, Yoon JS, Jung K, Eom SW, Chae YZ, Cho SJ, Kim SD, Sohn JR, Kim KH. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the urban atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1796-1803. [PMID: 23838043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in air has been well known as the indicator of photochemical smog due to its frequent occurrences in Seoul metropolitan area. This study was implemented to assess the distribution characteristics of atmospheric PAN in association with relevant parameters measured concurrently. During a full year period in 2011, PAN was continuously measured at hourly intervals at two monitoring sites, Gwang Jin (GJ) and Gang Seo (GS) in the megacity of Seoul, South Korea. The annual mean concentrations of PAN during the study period were 0.64±0.49 and 0.57±0.46 ppb, respectively. The seasonal trends of PAN generally exhibited dual peaks in both early spring and fall, regardless of sites. Their diurnal trends were fairly comparable to each other. There was a slight time lag (e.g., 1 h) in the peak occurrence pattern between O3 and PAN, as the latter trended to peak after the maximum UV irradiance period (16:00 (GJ) and 17:00 (GS)). The concentrations of PAN generally exhibited strong correlations with particulates. The results of this study suggest that PAN concentrations were affected sensitively by atmospheric stability, the wet deposition of NO2, wind direction, and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bok Lee
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Miñarro MD, Ballesta PP, Rico JB, Ferradás EG. Uncertainty models and influence of the calibration span on ambient air measurements of NO2 by chemiluminescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:512-523. [PMID: 25208717 DOI: 10.1039/c2em30395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of uncertainty in the hourly and annual limit values of NO 2 measurements by molybdenum NO2-to-NO conversion followed by chemiluminescence detection was carried out at 3 different span concentrations (100, 300 and 700 nmol mol (-1)). The uncertainty of the linearity term was calculated for each span concentration by considering (i) a zero-and-span calibration and (ii) a multipoint calibration. Two uncertainty models were applied for the overall uncertainty estimation: (i) the Standard EN 14211 and (ii) a mechanistic model that considers the NO 2 reduction in the converter. The main difference between these models stems from considering or not the possible covariances derived from interactions between NO x and NO concentrations and the converter's efficiency. For both models, the span determined whether or not it was possible to meet the quality objective requested by the EU Air Quality Directives in the annual limit value when no linearity corrections were performed in environments with NO z/NO2 ratios ≤ 0.04. In environments with significant amounts of NO z species (NOz/NO2≥ 0.12), the expanded uncertainty can easily be higher than the data quality objective if bias' corrections are not or cannot be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Doval Miñarro
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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Cui J, Pandey Deolal S, Sprenger M, Henne S, Staehelin J, Steinbacher M, Nédélec P. Free tropospheric ozone changes over Europe as observed at Jungfraujoch (1990–2008): An analysis based on backward trajectories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xue LK, Wang T, Zhang JM, Zhang XC, Deliger, Poon CN, Ding AJ, Zhou XH, Wu WS, Tang J, Zhang QZ, Wang WX. Source of surface ozone and reactive nitrogen speciation at Mount Waliguan in western China: New insights from the 2006 summer study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Celarier EA, Bucsela EJ, Boersma KF, Dirksen R, Luo C, Wang Y. Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: Insight into the seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Fischer EV, Jaffe DA, Reidmiller DR, Jaeglé L. Meteorological controls on observed peroxyacetyl nitrate at Mount Bachelor during the spring of 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Folini D, Kaufmann P, Ubl S, Henne S. Region of influence of 13 remote European measurement sites based on modeled carbon monoxide mixing ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Balzani Lööv JM, Henne S, Legreid G, Staehelin J, Reimann S, Prévôt ASH, Steinbacher M, Vollmer MK. Estimation of background concentrations of trace gases at the Swiss Alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Folini D, Ubl S, Kaufmann P. Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling for the high Alpine site Jungfraujoch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Steinbacher M, Celarier EA, Bucsela E, Dunlea EJ, Pinto JP. Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Legreid G, Folini D, Staehelin J, Balzani Lööv J, Steinbacher M, Reimann S. Measurements of organic trace gases including oxygenated volatile organic compounds at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch (Switzerland): Seasonal variation and source allocations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Legreid
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA); Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - Doris Folini
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA); Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - Johannes Staehelin
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jacob Balzani Lööv
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Steinbacher
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA); Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reimann
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA); Duebendorf Switzerland
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21
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Mu Y, Pang X, Quan J, Zhang X. Atmospheric carbonyl compounds in Chinese background area: A remote mountain of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Steinbacher M, Zellweger C, Schwarzenbach B, Bugmann S, Buchmann B, Ordóñez C, Prevot ASH, Hueglin C. Nitrogen oxide measurements at rural sites in Switzerland: Bias of conventional measurement techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Wang T, Wong HLA, Tang J, Ding A, Wu WS, Zhang XC. On the origin of surface ozone and reactive nitrogen observed at a remote mountain site in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, western China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Henne S, Furger M, Prévôt AH. Climatology of Mountain Venting–Induced Elevated Moisture Layers in the Lee of the Alps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1175/jam2217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractElevated moisture layers in the lower free troposphere (2000–6000 m MSL) in the lee of the Alps were investigated. Specific humidity was analyzed within a Lagrangian concept for fair-weather days during a 12-yr period at the windward and the leeward sides of the Alps for the sounding sites of Payerne, Switzerland, and Milan, Italy. During daytime fair-weather conditions (different criteria), specific humidity increased significantly in air masses that advected from Payerne to Milan in a layer ranging from ∼2500 to 4000 m MSL. The maximum relative increase of specific humidity in this layer was ∼0.3, meaning that ∼30% of the air in this layer originated from the Alpine atmospheric boundary layer. On average, ∼30% of the mass of the Alpine boundary layer was vented to altitudes higher than 2500 m MSL per hour during the daytime. The total precipitable water within a layer reaching from 2500 to 3500 m MSL increased by ∼1.3 mm. Similar elevated layers were observed for different selection methods of fair-weather days, and climatologically for the whole of June, July, and August. Average observations of the relative increase and boundary layer export rate agree with results from the local case studies. Daytime thermally driven flow systems seem to be the main source of additional water vapor in the observed elevated layers over the Alps. Subsequently, horizontal advection toward flat terrain where the average ABL top was well below the elevated layer bottom results in the export of ABL air to the free troposphere (mountain venting). Mountain venting was enhanced in situations with larger global radiation, lower atmospheric stability, and additional moist convection as was detected by lightning activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Henne
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Furger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - AndréS. H. Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Henne S, Dommen J, Neininger B, Reimann S, Staehelin J, Prévôt ASH. Influence of mountain venting in the Alps on the ozone chemistry of the lower free troposphere and the European pollution export. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Rosen RS. Observations of total alkyl nitrates during Texas Air Quality Study 2000: Implications for O3and alkyl nitrate photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Reimann S. Halogenated greenhouse gases at the Swiss High Alpine Site of Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl): Continuous measurements and their use for regional European source allocation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tanimoto H, Furutani H, Kato S, Matsumoto J, Makide Y, Akimoto H. Seasonal cycles of ozone and oxidized nitrogen species in northeast Asia 1. Impact of regional climatology and photochemistry observed during RISOTTO 1999–2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanimoto
- Atmospheric Environment Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Now at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shungo Kato
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Also at Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Matsumoto
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Also at Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Akimoto
- Atmospheric Composition Research Program Frontier Research System for Global Change Yokohama Japan
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Weller R, Jones AE, Wille A, Jacobi HW, McIntyre HP, Sturges WT, Huke M, Wagenbach D. Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Weller
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung; Bremerhaven Germany
| | - A. E. Jones
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross; Cambridge UK
| | | | - H.-W. Jacobi
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung; Bremerhaven Germany
| | - H. P. McIntyre
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - W. T. Sturges
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - M. Huke
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - D. Wagenbach
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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Weingartner E, Gysel M, Baltensperger U. Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles at low temperatures. 1. New low-temperature H-TDMA instrument: setup and first applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:55-62. [PMID: 11811490 DOI: 10.1021/es010054o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA) is described that allows a fast and accurate determination of the water uptake by submicrometer aerosol particles at temperatures below 0 degrees C. To avoid volatilization of semivolatile particles, the humidification works without heating the gas stream, and the gas-phase composition is not changed during the analysis. The applied scanning mobility analysis allows a fast and accurate measurement of the humidogram, but care has to be taken with too high scanning velocities leading to artifacts in the particle size measurement. During a field campaign at a high-alpine site (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m above sea level), humidograms of free tropospheric particles were measured at T= -10 degrees C. The hygroscopic growth of these particles was characterized by monomodal growth distributions, which means that in the observed size range (dry particle diameters (Do) = 50-250 nm) the free tropospheric aerosol was to a large extent internally mixed. No distinct deliquescence was observed, indicating that the multicomponent aerosol particles are present in a liquid state even at a low relative humidity (RH) <10%. At RH 85%, average hygroscopic growth factors of 1.44, 1.49, and 1.53 were measured for Do = 50, 100, and 250 nm. The estimated soluble volume fraction of the particles in the observed size range was found to be 0.79, 0.86, and 0.91, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Weingartner
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
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Zanis P, Monks PS, Schuepbach E, Carpenter LJ, Green TJ, Mills GP, Bauguitte S, Penkett SA. In situ ozone production under free tropospheric conditions during FREETEX ’98 in the Swiss Alps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lugauer M, Baltensperger U, Furger M, Gäggeler HW, Jost DT, Nyeki S, Schwikowski M. Influences of vertical transport and scavenging on aerosol particle surface area and radon decay product concentrations at the Jungfraujoch (3454 m above sea level). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Carpenter LJ, Green TJ, Mills GP, Bauguitte S, Penkett SA, Zanis P, Schuepbach E, Schmidbauer N, Monks PS, Zellweger C. Oxidized nitrogen and ozone production efficiencies in the springtime free troposphere over the Alps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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