1
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Payne ZC, Dalton EZ, Gandolfo A, Raff JD. HONO Measurement by Catalytic Conversion to NO on Nafion Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:85-95. [PMID: 36533654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A selective catalytic converter has been developed to quantify nitrous acid (HONO), a photochemical precursor to NO and OH radicals that drives the formation of ozone and other pollutants in the troposphere. The converter is made from a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer (Nafion) that was found to convert HONO to NO with unity yield under specific conditions. When coupled to a commercially available NOx (=NO + NO2) chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer, the system measures HONO with a limit of detection as low as 64 parts-per-trillion (ppt) (1 min average) in addition to NOx. The converter is selective for HONO when tested against other common gas-phase reactive nitrogen species, although loss of O3 on Nafion is a potential interference. The sensitivity and selectivity of this method allow for accurate measurement of atmospherically relevant concentrations of HONO. This was demonstrated by good agreement between HONO measurements made with the Nafion-CL method and those made with chemical ionization mass spectrometry in a simulation chamber and in indoor air. The observed reactivity of HONO on Nafion also has significant implications for the accuracy of CL NOx analyzers that use Nafion to remove water from sampling lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Evan Z Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Adrien Gandolfo
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Jonathan D Raff
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
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2
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Di Natale C, Gros CP, Paolesse R. Corroles at work: a small macrocycle for great applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1277-1335. [PMID: 35037929 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Corrole chemistry has witnessed an impressive boost in studies in the last 20 years, thanks to the possibility of preparing corrole derivatives by simple synthetic procedures. The investigation of a large number of corroles has highlighted some peculiar characteristics of these macrocycles, having features different from those of the parent porphyrins. With this progress in the elucidation of corrole properties, attention has been focused on the potential for the exploitation of corrole derivatives in different important application fields. In some areas, the potential of corroles has been studied in certain detail, for example, the use of corrole metal complexes as electrocatalysts for energy conversion. In some other areas, the field is still in its infancy, such as in the exploitation of corroles in solar cells. Herein, we report an overview of the different applications of corroles, focusing on the studies reported in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claude P Gros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France.
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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3
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Gingerysty NJ, Odame-Ankrah CA, Jordan N, Osthoff HD. Interference from HONO in the measurement of ambient air NO 2 via photolytic conversion and quantification of NO. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 107:184-193. [PMID: 34412781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reference method to quantify mixing ratios of the criteria air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is NO-O3 chemiluminescence (CL), in which mixing ratios of nitric oxide (NO) are measured by sampling ambient air directly, and mixing ratios of NOx (= sum of NO and NO2) are measured by converting NO2 to NO using, for example, heated molybdenum catalyst or, more selectively, photolytic conversion (P-CL). In this work, the nitrous acid (HONO) interference in the measurement of NO2 by P-CL was investigated. Results with two photolytic NO2 converters are presented. The first used radiation centered at 395 nm, a wavelength region commonly utilized in P-CL. The second used light at 415 nm, where the overlap with the HONO absorption spectrum and hence its photolysis rate are less. Mixing ratios of NO2, NOx and HONO entering and exiting the converters were quantified by Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy (TD-CRDS). Both converters exhibited high NO2 conversion efficiency (CFNO2; > 90%) and partial conversion of HONO. Plots of CF against flow rate were consistent with photolysis frequencies of 4.2 s-1 and 2.9 s-1 for NO2 and 0.25 s-1 and 0.10 s-1 for HONO at 395 nm and 415 nm, respectively. CFHONO was larger than predicted from the overlap of the emission and HONO absorption spectra. The results imply that measurements of NO2 by P-CL marginally but systematically overestimate true NO2 concentrations, and that this interference should be considered in environments with high HONO:NO2 ratios such as the marine boundary layer or in biomass burning plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nick Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hans D Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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4
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Zhang B, Sun JY, Gao PX. Low-Concentration NO x Gas Analysis Using Single Bimodular ZnO Nanorod Sensor. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2979-2987. [PMID: 34275272 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of the nitrogen oxide mixture (NOx, usually of NO and NO2) usually relies on sophisticated, space-consuming, and expensive spectroscopy techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and chemi-luminescence detection (CLD). The direct and portable measurement solutions are lacking in this regard. In this work, by utilizing the bimodular sensing strategy, we successfully demonstrated the differential measurement of NOx with errors smaller than 8.3%, by correlating the sensor electrical and electrochemical responses. The effective detection is successfully displayed in the low-concentration ranges of 1-10 ppm for NO and 100 ppb-1 ppm for NO2, where weak competitive gas co-adsorption mitigated the cross-sensitivities compared to the higher-concentration range. Based on the electron occupation with negligible competitive adsorption, the accurate theoretic prediction of the mixture responses versus component concentration relieves the reliance on repeated calibration and empirical functions. With the miniaturized size and simplified electrical feedthrough, the single bimodular nanorod sensor provides a promising solution for direct and portable NOx analysis at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Ji-Yu Sun
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Pu-Xian Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
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5
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Brune WH, McFarland PJ, Bruning E, Waugh S, MacGorman D, Miller DO, Jenkins JM, Ren X, Mao J, Peischl J. Extreme oxidant amounts produced by lightning in storm clouds. Science 2021; 372:711-715. [PMID: 33927054 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lightning increases the atmosphere's ability to cleanse itself by producing nitric oxide (NO), leading to atmospheric chemistry that forms ozone (O3) and the atmosphere's primary oxidant, the hydroxyl radical (OH). Our analysis of a 2012 airborne study of deep convection and chemistry demonstrates that lightning also directly generates the oxidants OH and the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2). Extreme amounts of OH and HO2 were discovered and linked to visible flashes occurring in front of the aircraft and to subvisible discharges in electrified anvil regions. This enhanced OH and HO2 is orders of magnitude greater than any previous atmospheric observation. Lightning-generated OH in all storms happening at the same time globally can be responsible for a highly uncertain, but substantial, 2 to 16% of global atmospheric OH oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Brune
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - P J McFarland
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Bruning
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - S Waugh
- National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Norman, OK, USA
| | - D MacGorman
- National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Norman, OK, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - D O Miller
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J M Jenkins
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - X Ren
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
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6
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Jordan N, Garner NM, Matchett LC, Tokarek TW, Osthoff HD, Odame-Ankrah CA, Grimm CE, Pickrell KN, Swainson C, Rosentreter BW. Potential interferences in photolytic nitrogen dioxide converters for ambient air monitoring: Evaluation of a prototype. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:753-764. [PMID: 32412399 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1769770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mixing ratios of the criteria air contaminant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are commonly quantified by reduction to nitric oxide (NO) using a photolytic converter followed by NO-O3 chemiluminescence (CL). In this work, the performance of a photolytic NO2 converter prototype originally designed for continuous emission monitoring and emitting light at 395 nm was evaluated. Mixing ratios of NO2 and NOx (= NO + NO2) entering and exiting the converter were monitored by blue diode laser cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The NO2 photolysis frequency was determined by measuring the rate of conversion to NO as a function of converter residence time and found to be 4.2 s-1. A maximum 96% conversion of NO2 to NO over a large dynamic range was achieved at a residence time of (1.5 ± 0.3) s, independent of relative humidity. Interferences from odd nitrogen (NOy) species such as peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN; RC(O)O2NO2), alkyl nitrates (AN; RONO2), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitric acid (HNO3) were evaluated by operating the prototype converter outside its optimum operating range (i.e., at higher pressure and longer residence time) for easier quantification of interferences. Four mechanisms that generate artifacts and interferences were identified as follows: direct photolysis, foremost of HONO at a rate constant of 6% that of NO2; thermal decomposition, primarily of PAN; surface promoted photochemistry; and secondary chemistry in the connecting tubing. These interferences are likely present to a certain degree in all photolytic converters currently in use but are rarely evaluated or reported. Recommendations for improved performance of photolytic converters include operating at lower cell pressure and higher flow rates, thermal management that ideally results in a match of photolysis cell temperature with ambient conditions, and minimization of connecting tubing length. When properly implemented, these interferences can be made negligibly small when measuring NO2 in ambient air. IMPLICATIONS A new near-UV photolytic converter for measurement of the criteria pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air by NO-O3 chemiluminescence (CL) was characterized. Four mechanisms that generate interferences were identified and investigated experimentally: direct photolysis of nitrous acid, which occurred at a rate constant 6% that of NO2, thermal decomposition of PAN and N2O5, surface promoted chemistry involving nitric acid, and secondary chemistry involving NO in the tubing connecting the converter and CL analyzer. These interferences are predicted to occur in all NO2 P-CL systems but can be avoided by appropriate thermal management and operating at high flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Natasha M Garner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laura C Matchett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Travis W Tokarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hans D Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Travis KR, Heald CL, Allen HM, Apel EC, Arnold SR, Blake DR, Brune WH, Chen X, Commane R, Crounse JD, Daube BC, Diskin GS, Elkins JW, Evans MJ, Hall SR, Hintsa EJ, Hornbrook RS, Kasibhatla PS, Kim MJ, Luo G, McKain K, Millet DB, Moore FL, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Sherwen T, Thames AB, Ullmann K, Wang X, Wennberg PO, Wolfe GM, Yu F. Constraining remote oxidation capacity with ATom observations. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2020; 20:7753-7781. [PMID: 33688335 PMCID: PMC7939060 DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7753-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The global oxidation capacity, defined as the tropospheric mean concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH), controls the lifetime of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere such as methane and carbon monoxide (CO). Models tend to underestimate the methane lifetime and CO concentrations throughout the troposphere, which is consistent with excessive OH. Approximately half of the oxidation of methane and non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is thought to occur over the oceans where oxidant chemistry has received little validation due to a lack of observational constraints. We use observations from the first two deployments of the NASA ATom aircraft campaign during July-August 2016 and January-February 2017 to evaluate the oxidation capacity over the remote oceans and its representation by the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. The model successfully simulates the magnitude and vertical profile of remote OH within the measurement uncertainties. Comparisons against the drivers of OH production (water vapor, ozone, and NO y concentrations, ozone photolysis frequencies) also show minimal bias, with the exception of wintertime NO y . The severe model overestimate of NO y during this period may indicate insufficient wet scavenging and/or missing loss on sea-salt aerosols. Large uncertainties in these processes require further study to improve simulated NO y partitioning and removal in the troposphere, but preliminary tests suggest that their overall impact could marginally reduce the model bias in tropospheric OH. During the ATom-1 deployment, OH reactivity (OHR) below 3 km is significantly enhanced, and this is not captured by the sum of its measured components (cOHRobs) or by the model (cOHRmod). This enhancement could suggest missing reactive VOCs but cannot be explained by a comprehensive simulation of both biotic and abiotic ocean sources of VOCs. Additional sources of VOC reactivity in this region are difficult to reconcile with the full suite of ATom measurement constraints. The model generally reproduces the magnitude and seasonality of cOHRobs but underestimates the contribution of oxygenated VOCs, mainly acetaldehyde, which is severely underestimated throughout the troposphere despite its calculated lifetime of less than a day. Missing model acetaldehyde in previous studies was attributed to measurement uncertainties that have been largely resolved. Observations of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) provide new support for remote levels of acetaldehyde. The underestimate in both model acetaldehyde and PAA is present throughout the year in both hemispheres and peaks during Northern Hemisphere summer. The addition of ocean sources of VOCs in the model increases cOHRmod by 3% to 9% and improves model-measurement agreement for acetaldehyde, particularly in winter, but cannot resolve the model summertime bias. Doing so would require 100 Tg yr-1 of a long-lived unknown precursor throughout the year with significant additional emissions in the Northern Hemisphere summer. Improving the model bias for remote acetaldehyde and PAA is unlikely to fully resolve previously reported model global biases in OH and methane lifetime, suggesting that future work should examine the sources and sinks of OH over land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Travis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Allen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Stephen R. Arnold
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Róisín Commane
- Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bruce C. Daube
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - James W. Elkins
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mathew J. Evans
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of York, York, UK
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric J. Hintsa
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Michelle J. Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Gan Luo
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University of Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn McKain
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fred L. Moore
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tomás Sherwen
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of York, York, UK
| | - Alexander B. Thames
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Fangqun Yu
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University of Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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8
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Xie X, Hao C, Huang Y, Huang Z. Influence of TiO 2-based photocatalytic coating road on traffic-related NO x pollutants in urban street canyon by CFD modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138059. [PMID: 32247975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic nanoparticles as road coating to trap and decompose air pollutants provides a promising technology to mitigate the harmful effects of vehicle emissions. However, there are few studies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the effect of NOx photocatalytic oxidation in street canyon with TiO2 nanoparticles as pavement coating. This study develop a CFD model with photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reaction implemented for numerical simulation of NOx abatement in an urban street canyon with TiO2 coating, considering the effects of relative humidity (RH) (10-90%), and irradiance (10-40W ⋅ m-2). Results show that TiO2 coating road can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration in the street canyon. The average nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in street canyon with TiO2 coating road were reduced by 3.70% and 4.31%, respectively, comparing with street canyon without TiO2 coating. The irradiance and relative humidity had great effect on PCO reaction in street canyon with TiO2 coating road. When the irradiance increased from 10W ⋅ m-2 to 40W ⋅ m-2, average NO conversion rose from 1.35% to 3.70%, and average NO2 conversion rose from 2.43% to 4.31%. The average conversion of NO and NO2 decreased from 5.11% to 2.54% and from 5.60% to 3.25%, respectively, when the relative humidity is varied from 10% to 90%. Results are useful to transport planners and road engineers who need to reduce NOx concentrations in urban streets travelled by fossil fuel-powered vehicles. Method of the study can be considered by future research faced with different pavement construction and traffic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Power machinery and Engineering of M. O. E., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenrui Hao
- Key Laboratory for Power machinery and Engineering of M. O. E., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, 34-40 University Road, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Power machinery and Engineering of M. O. E., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
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9
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Choi S, Lamsal LN, Follette-Cook M, Joiner J, Krotkov NA, Swartz WH, Pickering KE, Loughner CP, Appel W, Pfister G, Saide PE, Cohen RC, Weinheimer AJ, Herman JR. Assessment of NO 2 observations during DISCOVER-AQ and KORUS-AQ field campaigns. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2020; 13:10.5194/amt-13-2523-2020. [PMID: 32670429 PMCID: PMC7362396 DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-2523-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ, conducted in 2011-2014) campaign in the United States and the joint NASA and National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ, conducted in 2016) in South Korea were two field study programs that provided comprehensive, integrated datasets of airborne and surface observations of atmospheric constituents, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), with the goal of improving the interpretation of spaceborne remote sensing data. Various types of NO2 measurements were made, including in situ concentrations and column amounts of NO2 using ground- and aircraft-based instruments, while NO2 column amounts were being derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. This study takes advantage of these unique datasets by first evaluating in situ data taken from two different instruments on the same aircraft platform, comparing coincidently sampled profile-integrated columns from aircraft spirals with remotely sensed column observations from ground-based Pandora spectrometers, intercomparing column observations from the ground (Pandora), aircraft (in situ vertical spirals), and space (OMI), and evaluating NO2 simulations from coarse Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and high-resolution regional models. We then use these data to interpret observed discrepancies due to differences in sampling and deficiencies in the data reduction process. Finally, we assess satellite retrieval sensitivity to observed and modeled a priori NO2 profiles. Contemporaneous measurements from two aircraft instruments that likely sample similar air masses generally agree very well but are also found to differ in integrated columns by up to 31.9 %. These show even larger differences with Pandora, reaching up to 53.9 %, potentially due to a combination of strong gradients in NO2 fields that could be missed by aircraft spirals and errors in the Pandora retrievals. OMI NO2 values are about a factor of 2 lower in these highly polluted environments due in part to inaccurate retrieval assumptions (e.g., a priori profiles) but mostly to OMI's large footprint (> 312 km2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyeon Choi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706,
USA
| | - Lok N. Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
21046, USA
| | - Melanie Follette-Cook
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan
State University, Baltimore, MD 20251, USA
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
| | | | - William H. Swartz
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory,
Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Pickering
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Wyat Appel
- Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
27709, USA
| | - Gabriele Pfister
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
80301, USA
| | - Pablo E. Saide
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and
Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and
Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Jay R. Herman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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10
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Wang S, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Hills A, Emmons LK, Tilmes S, Lamarque JF, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Nault BA, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Ryerson TB, Thompson CR, Peischl J, Moore F, Nance D, Hall B, Elkins J, Tanner D, Gregory Huey L, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS, Flocke FM, Ray E, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, St.Clair J, Commane R, Daube B, Barletta B, Blake DR, Weinzierl B, Dollner M, Conley A, Vitt F, Wofsy SC, Riemer DD. Atmospheric Acetaldehyde: Importance of Air-Sea Exchange and a Missing Source in the Remote Troposphere. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:5601-5613. [PMID: 32606484 PMCID: PMC7325730 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report airborne measurements of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) during the first and second deployments of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). The budget of CH3CHO is examined using the Community Atmospheric Model with chemistry (CAM-chem), with a newly-developed online air-sea exchange module. The upper limit of the global ocean net emission of CH3CHO is estimated to be 34 Tg a-1 (42 Tg a-1 if considering bubble-mediated transfer), and the ocean impacts on tropospheric CH3CHO are mostly confined to the marine boundary layer. Our analysis suggests that there is an unaccounted CH3CHO source in the remote troposphere and that organic aerosols can only provide a fraction of this missing source. We propose that peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is an ideal indicator of the rapid CH3CHO production in the remote troposphere. The higher-than-expected CH3CHO measurements represent a missing sink of hydroxyl radicals (and halogen radical) in current chemistry-climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Advanced Study Program (ASP), National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Alan Hills
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Louisa K. Emmons
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Benjamin A. Nault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Chelsea R. Thompson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Fred Moore
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - David Nance
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Brad Hall
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - James Elkins
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - David Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - John J. Orlando
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Geoff S. Tyndall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Eric Ray
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Jason St.Clair
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Róisín Commane
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - Bruce Daube
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Barbara Barletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine; CA 92697
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine; CA 92697
| | - Bernadett Weinzierl
- Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Maximilian Dollner
- Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Andrew Conley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Francis Vitt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Steven C. Wofsy
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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11
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Romer PS, Wooldridge PJ, Crounse JD, Kim MJ, Wennberg PO, Dibb JE, Scheuer E, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Brosius AL, Thames AB, Miller DO, Brune WH, Hall SR, Ryerson TB, Cohen RC. Constraints on Aerosol Nitrate Photolysis as a Potential Source of HONO and NO x. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13738-13746. [PMID: 30407797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x) plays a central role in controlling air quality. On a global scale, the primary sink of NO x is oxidation to form HNO3. Gas-phase HNO3 photolyses slowly with a lifetime in the troposphere of 10 days or more. However, several recent studies examining HONO chemistry have proposed that particle-phase HNO3 undergoes photolysis 10-300 times more rapidly than gas-phase HNO3. We present here constraints on the rate of particle-phase HNO3 photolysis based on observations of NO x and HNO3 collected over the Yellow Sea during the KORUS-AQ study in summer 2016. The fastest proposed photolysis rates are inconsistent with the observed NO x to HNO3 ratios. Negligible to moderate enhancements of the HNO3 photolysis rate in particles, 1-30 times faster than in the gas phase, are most consistent with the observations. Small or moderate enhancement of particle-phase HNO3 photolysis would not significantly affect the HNO3 budget but could help explain observations of HONO and NO x in highly aged air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Romer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Paul J Wooldridge
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Michelle J Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jack E Dibb
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space , University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Eric Scheuer
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space , University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Donald R Blake
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Simone Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Alexandra L Brosius
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Alexander B Thames
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David O Miller
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - William H Brune
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR , Boulder , Colorado 80301 , United States
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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12
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Chen D, Huey LG, Tanner DJ, Li J, Ng NL, Wang Y. Derivation of Hydroperoxyl Radical Levels at an Urban Site via Measurement of Pernitric Acid by Iodide Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3355-3363. [PMID: 28212018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is a key species to atmospheric chemistry. At warm temperatures, the HO2 and NO2 come to a rapid steady state with pernitric acid (HO2NO2). This paper presents the derivation of HO2 from observations of HO2NO2 and NO2 in metropolitan Atlanta, US, in winter 2014 and summer 2015. HO2 was observed to have a diurnal cycle with morning concentrations suppressed by high NO from the traffic. At night, derived HO2 levels were nonzero and exhibited correlations with O3 and NO3, consistent with previous studies that ozonolysis and oxidation by NO3 are sources of nighttime HO2. Measured and model calculated HO2 were in reasonable agreement: Without the constraint of measured HO2NO2, the model reproduced HO2 with a model-to-observed ratio (M/O) of 1.27 (r = 0.54) for winter, 2014, and 0.70 (r = 0.80) for summer, 2015. Adding measured HO2NO2 as a constraint, the model predicted HO2 with M/O = 1.13 (r = 0.77) for winter 2014 and 0.90 (r = 0.97) for summer 2015. These results demonstrate the feasibility of deriving HO2 from HO2NO2 measurements in warm regions where HO2NO2 has a short lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - David J Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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13
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Rao KS, Chaudhary AK. Investigation of the thermal decomposition and stability of energetic 1,2,4-triazole derivatives using a UV laser based pulsed photoacoustic technique. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06773e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reports PA fingerprint spectra, thermal stability and efficiency as rocket fuel for nitro rich energetic materials labeled as p-Me-DNPT, p-OMe-DNPT and p-NH2-DNPT using UV 266 nm based pulsed photoacoustic pyrolysis technique between 30–350 °C range.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Rao
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - A. K. Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
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14
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Warneke C, Trainer M, de Gouw JA, Parrish DD, Fahey DW, Ravishankara AR, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, Roberts JM, Brown SS, Neuman JA, Lerner BM, Lack D, Law D, Hübler G, Pollack I, Sjostedt S, Ryerson TB, Gilman JB, Liao J, Holloway J, Peischl J, Nowak JB, Aikin K, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Graus MG, Richardson M, Markovic MZ, Wagner NL, Welti A, Veres PR, Edwards P, Schwarz JP, Gordon T, Dube WP, McKeen S, Brioude J, Ahmadov R, Bougiatioti A, Lin JJ, Nenes A, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Thornton JA, Keutsch FN, Kaiser J, Mao J, Hatch C. Instrumentation and Measurement Strategy for the NOAA SENEX Aircraft Campaign as Part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2016; 9:3063-3093. [PMID: 29619117 PMCID: PMC5880326 DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeast of the US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the Southeast US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day- and nighttime flights in the Southeast as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D D Parrish
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D W Fahey
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A M Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - C A Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S S Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Lack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Law
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - G Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - I Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S Sjostedt
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K Aikin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K-E Min
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M G Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Richardson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Z Markovic
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - N L Wagner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A Welti
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P Edwards
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J P Schwarz
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T Gordon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - W P Dube
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | | | - J J Lin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Nenes
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
- National Observatory of Athens, Greece
| | - G M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- University of Maryland Baltimore County
| | - T F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - B H Lee
- University of Washington, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - F N Keutsch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Kaiser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Mao
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ
- Princeton University
| | - C Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, 1600 Washington Ave., Conway, AR, USA
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15
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Travis KR, Jacob DJ, Fisher JA, Kim PS, Marais EA, Zhu L, Yu K, Miller CC, Yantosca RM, Sulprizio MP, Thompson AM, Wennberg PO, Crounse JD, St Clair JM, Cohen RC, Laughner JL, Dibb JE, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Wolfe GM, Pollack IB, Peischl J, Neuman JA, Zhou X. Why do Models Overestimate Surface Ozone in the Southeastern United States? ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; 16:13561-13577. [PMID: 29619045 PMCID: PMC5880041 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13561-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ozone pollution in the Southeast US involves complex chemistry driven by emissions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) and biogenic isoprene. Model estimates of surface ozone concentrations tend to be biased high in the region and this is of concern for designing effective emission control strategies to meet air quality standards. We use detailed chemical observations from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign in August and September 2013, interpreted with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at 0.25°×0.3125° horizontal resolution, to better understand the factors controlling surface ozone in the Southeast US. We find that the National Emission Inventory (NEI) for NOx from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is too high. This finding is based on SEAC4RS observations of NOx and its oxidation products, surface network observations of nitrate wet deposition fluxes, and OMI satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns. Our results indicate that NEI NOx emissions from mobile and industrial sources must be reduced by 30-60%, dependent on the assumption of the contribution by soil NOx emissions. Upper tropospheric NO2 from lightning makes a large contribution to satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 that must be accounted for when using these data to estimate surface NOx emissions. We find that only half of isoprene oxidation proceeds by the high-NOx pathway to produce ozone; this fraction is only moderately sensitive to changes in NOx emissions because isoprene and NOx emissions are spatially segregated. GEOS-Chem with reduced NOx emissions provides an unbiased simulation of ozone observations from the aircraft, and reproduces the observed ozone production efficiency in the boundary layer as derived from a regression of ozone and NOx oxidation products. However, the model is still biased high by 8±13 ppb relative to observed surface ozone in the Southeast US. Ozonesondes launched during midday hours show a 7 ppb ozone decrease from 1.5 km to the surface that GEOS-Chem does not capture. This bias may reflect a combination of excessive vertical mixing and net ozone production in the model boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Travis
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny A. Fisher
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick S. Kim
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eloise A. Marais
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Yu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher C. Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa P. Sulprizio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jason M. St Clair
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jack E. Dibb
- Earth System Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Illana B. Pollack
- Atmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeff Peischl
- University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA, Division of Chemical Science, Earth Systems Research Lab, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Jonathan A. Neuman
- University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA, Division of Chemical Science, Earth Systems Research Lab, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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16
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Peltola J, Hieta T, Vainio M. Parts-per-trillion-level detection of nitrogen dioxide by cantilever-enhanced photo-acoustic spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2933-2936. [PMID: 26125335 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and highly sensitive cantilever-enhanced photo-acoustic sensor for detection of nitrogen dioxide. A noise equivalent detection limit of 50 parts-per-trillion in 1 s is demonstrated. The limit was reached with an average optical power of 4.7 W using a continuous-wave laser at 532 nm. The achieved normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient was 2.6×10(-10) W cm(-1) Hz(-1/2).
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17
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Costabile F, Amoroso A, Zhao C, Huey LG, Stickel R, Liao J, Zhu T. Evidence of aerosols as a media for rapid daytime HONO production over China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14386-14391. [PMID: 25401515 DOI: 10.1021/es504163z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of daytime HONO sources remains incomplete. A large missing daytime HONO source has been found in many places around the world, including polluted regions in China. Conventional understanding and recent studies attributed this missing source mainly to ground surface processes or gas-phase chemistry, while assuming aerosols to be an insignificant media for HONO production. We analyze in situ observations of HONO and its precursors at an urban site in Beijing, China, and report an apparent dependence of the missing HONO source strength on aerosol surface area and solar ultraviolet radiation. Based on extensive correlation analysis and process-modeling, we propose that the rapid daytime HONO production in Beijing can be explained by enhanced hydrolytic disproportionation of NO2 on aqueous aerosol surfaces due to catalysis by dicarboxylic acid anions. The combination of high abundance of NO2, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aerosols over broad regions in China likely leads to elevated HONO levels, rapid OH production, and enhanced oxidizing capacity on a regional basis. Our findings call for attention to aerosols as a media for daytime heterogeneous HONO production in polluted regions like Beijing. This study also highlights the complex and uncertain heterogeneous chemistry in China, which merits future efforts of reconciling regional modeling and laboratory experiments, in order to understand and mitigate the regional particulate and O3 pollutions over China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Sadanaga Y, Suzuki K, Yoshimoto T, Bandow H. Direct measurement system of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere using a blue light-emitting diode induced fluorescence technique. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:064101. [PMID: 24985825 DOI: 10.1063/1.4879821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrogen dioxide has been developed by a light-emitting diode induced fluorescence (LED-IF) technique. Air was introduced into a fluorescence detection cell. A pulsed blue light LED with a peak wavelength of 430 nm was irradiated to excite NO2 molecules in this cell. Fluorescence emitted from excited NO2 molecules was detected by a dynode-gated photomultiplier tube. The current detection limit of the LED-IF instrument was estimated to be 7.0 and 0.91 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) at 1-min and 1-h integration times, respectively, with a signal to noise ratio of 2. This result indicates that this LED-IF instrument can measure sufficiently precise 1-h values of NO2 concentrations in the urban atmosphere. An NO2 test observation and an intercomparison of the LED-IF instrument with an NO2 measurement system based on a photolytic converter/NO-O3 chemiluminescence method were performed in the urban atmosphere. Concentration differences between the two methods were within ±25% for about 90% of the data. It has been demonstrated by these observations that NO2 concentrations can be observed in the urban areas using the LED-IF instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sadanaga
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazunari Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Bandow
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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19
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Wang B, Chen Z. An intercomparison of satellite-derived ground-level NO₂ concentrations with GMSMB modeling results and in-situ measurements--a North American study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:172-181. [PMID: 23867698 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the biases associated with the ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations derived from the satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 data through comparisons with the modeling and the monitoring results for the state of California in 2008. The seasonal and annual average ground-level NO2 concentrations are both analyzed from the OMI using the local NO2 profile obtained from the GEOS-Chem simulation. The OMI-derived ground-level NO2 concentrations are then compared with the NO2 concentrations predicted by a GIS-Based Multi-Source and Multi-Box model (GMSMB) and the in-situ measurements, correlation coefficients among the three sets of results are all above 0.84 with an average slope of 0.81 ± 0.04. Particularly, various biases associated with the three data sets have been analyzed, and the OMI-derived NO2 concentrations and the GMSMB modeling results have been proven to be essential for assessing regional air pollutant exposure risks with the aid of the extensive remote sensing database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Wang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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20
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Yang Y, Gao Z, Zhong D, Lin W. Detection of nitrogen dioxide using an external modulation diode laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:3027-3030. [PMID: 23669769 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) detecting technique based on external modulation and correlation detection using a diode laser operating at 445 nm. The technique is suitable for real-time monitoring of nitrogen dioxide concentration because of its straightforward data evaluation, restraining noises, and a low degree of complexity. Measurements of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide have been carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The absorption signals have been extracted through the correlation detection technique and evaluated by a least-squares method. The results suggest a detection limit of 5 ppm using a 20 cm long gas cell with 100 ms integration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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21
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Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Trainer M, Andrews AE, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Daube BC, Dlugokencky EJ, Fischer ML, Goldstein AH, Guha A, Karl T, Kofler J, Kosciuch E, Misztal PK, Perring AE, Pollack IB, Santoni GW, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Wofsy SC, Parrish DD. Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, de Gouw JA, McKeen SA, Williams LR, Daumit KE, Lambe AT, Massoli P, Canagaratna MR, Ahmadov R, Carrasquillo AJ, Cross ES, Ervens B, Holloway JS, Hunter JF, Onasch TB, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Warneke C, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Kroll JH. Mass spectral analysis of organic aerosol formed downwind of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: field studies and laboratory confirmations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8025-8034. [PMID: 22788666 DOI: 10.1021/es301691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In June 2010, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted two survey flights around the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. The Gulf oil spill resulted in an isolated source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors in a relatively clean environment. Measurements of aerosol composition and volatile organic species (VOCs) indicated formation of SOA from intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) downwind of the oil spill (Science2011, 331, doi 10.1126/science.1200320). In an effort to better understand formation of SOA in this environment, we present mass spectral characteristics of SOA in the Gulf and of SOA formed in the laboratory from evaporated light crude oil. Compared to urban primary organic aerosol, high-mass-resolution analysis of the background-subtracted SOA spectra in the Gulf (for short, "Gulf SOA") showed higher contribution of C(x)H(y)O(+) relative to C(x)H(y)(+) fragments at the same nominal mass. In each transect downwind of the DWH spill site, a gradient in the degree of oxidation of the Gulf SOA was observed: more oxidized SOA (oxygen/carbon = O/C ∼0.4) was observed in the area impacted by fresher oil; less oxidized SOA (O/C ∼0.3), with contribution from fragments with a hydrocarbon backbone, was found in a broader region of more-aged surface oil. Furthermore, in the plumes originating from the more-aged oil, contribution of oxygenated fragments to SOA decreased with downwind distance. Despite differences between experimental conditions in the laboratory and the ambient environment, mass spectra of SOA formed from gas-phase oxidation of crude oil by OH radicals in a smog chamber and a flow tube reactor strongly resembled the mass spectra of Gulf SOA (r(2) > 0.94). Processes that led to the observed Gulf SOA characteristics are also likely to occur in polluted regions where VOCs and IVOCs are coemitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bahreini
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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23
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Karamchandani P, Yarwood G, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Holloway JS, Washenfelder RA, Brock CA, Frost GJ, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Effects of NOxcontrol and plume mixing on nighttime chemical processing of plumes from coal-fired power plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Langridge JM, Lack D, Brock CA, Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Perring AE, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Holloway JS, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Roberts JM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Trainer MK, Murphy DM. Evolution of aerosol properties impacting visibility and direct climate forcing in an ammonia-rich urban environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Trebs I, Mayol-Bracero OL, Pauliquevis T, Kuhn U, Sander R, Ganzeveld L, Meixner FX, Kesselmeier J, Artaxo P, Andreae MO. Impact of the Manaus urban plume on trace gas mixing ratios near the surface in the Amazon Basin: Implications for the NO-NO2-O3photostationary state and peroxy radical levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Brioude J, Petron G, Frost GJ, Ahmadov R, Angevine WM, Hsie EY, Kim SW, Lee SH, McKeen SA, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Gurney KR. A new inversion method to calculate emission inventories without a prior at mesoscale: Application to the anthropogenic CO2emission from Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Andrews AE, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Brown SS, Commane R, Daube BC, de Gouw JA, Dubé WP, Flynn J, Frost GJ, Gilman JB, Grossberg N, Holloway JS, Kofler J, Kort EA, Kuster WC, Lang PM, Lefer B, Lueb RA, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Novelli PC, Peischl J, Perring AE, Roberts JM, Santoni G, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Wagner NL, Warneke C, Washenfelder RA, Wofsy SC, Xiang B. Airborne and ground-based observations of a weekend effect in ozone, precursors, and oxidation products in the California South Coast Air Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Atlas E, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, te Lintel Hekkert S, Brock CA, Flocke F, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Feshenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Budgets for nocturnal VOC oxidation by nitrate radicals aloft during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William P. Dubé
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Elliot Atlas
- Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Charles A. Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frank Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Michael Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David D. Parrish
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frederick C. Feshenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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29
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Washenfelder RA, Young CJ, Brown SS, Angevine WM, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Bon DM, Cubison MJ, de Gouw JA, Dusanter S, Flynn J, Gilman JB, Graus M, Griffith S, Grossberg N, Hayes PL, Jimenez JL, Kuster WC, Lefer BL, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Stark H, Stevens PS, Trainer MK. The glyoxal budget and its contribution to organic aerosol for Los Angeles, California, during CalNex 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. J. Young
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. M. Angevine
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - D. M. Bon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. J. Cubison
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Dusanter
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana USA
- Université Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- EMDouai; Douai France
| | - J. Flynn
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; University of Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - J. B. Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Griffith
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - N. Grossberg
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; University of Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - P. L. Hayes
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder USA
| | - J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. L. Lefer
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; University of Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - I. B. Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - H. Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aerodyne Research, Incorporated; Billerica Massachusetts USA
| | - P. S. Stevens
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - M. K. Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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Brioude J, Kim SW, Angevine WM, Frost GJ, Lee SH, McKeen SA, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Ryerson TB, Williams EJ, Petron G, Fast JD. Top-down estimate of anthropogenic emission inventories and their interannual variability in Houston using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Nowak JB, Neuman JA, Bahreini R, Brock CA, Middlebrook AM, Wollny AG, Holloway JS, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Fehsenfeld FC. Airborne observations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate formation over Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Contribution of isoprene-derived organosulfates to free tropospheric aerosol mass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21360-5. [PMID: 21098310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012561107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that isoprene oxidation products can partition to atmospheric aerosols by reacting with condensed phase sulfuric acid, forming low-volatility organosulfate compounds. We have identified organosulfate compounds in free tropospheric aerosols by single particle mass spectrometry during several airborne field campaigns. One of these organosulfates is identified as the sulfate ester of IEPOX, a second generation oxidation product of isoprene. The patterns of IEPOX sulfate ester in ambient data generally followed the aerosol acidity and NO(x) dependence established by laboratory studies. Detection of the IEPOX sulfate ester was most sensitive using reduced ionization laser power, when it was observed in up to 80% of particles in the tropical free troposphere. Based on laboratory mass calibrations, IEPOX added > 0.4% to tropospheric aerosol mass in the remote tropics and up to 20% in regions downwind of isoprene sources. In the southeastern United States, when acidic aerosol was exposed to fresh isoprene emissions, accumulation of IEPOX increased aerosol mass by up to 3%. The IEPOX sulfate ester is therefore one of the most abundant single organic compounds measured in atmospheric aerosol. Our data show that acidity-dependent IEPOX uptake is a mechanism by which anthropogenic SO(2) and marine dimethyl sulfide emissions generate secondary biogenic aerosol mass throughout the troposphere.
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33
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Sadanaga Y, Fukumori Y, Kobashi T, Nagata M, Takenaka N, Bandow H. Development of a Selective Light-Emitting Diode Photolytic NO2 Converter for Continuously Measuring NO2 in the Atmosphere. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9234-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101703z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sadanaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kobashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Norimichi Takenaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Bandow
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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34
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Mahajan AS, Shaw M, Oetjen H, Hornsby KE, Carpenter LJ, Kaleschke L, Tian-Kunze X, Lee JD, Moller SJ, Edwards P, Commane R, Ingham T, Heard DE, Plane JMC. Evidence of reactive iodine chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Gu D, Zhao C, Huey LG, Stickel R, Liao J, Shao M, Zhu T, Zeng L, Liu SC, Chang CC, Amoroso A, Costabile F. Evidence of reactive aromatics as a major source of peroxy acetyl nitrate over China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7017-7022. [PMID: 20707413 DOI: 10.1021/es1007966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the observations of near-surface peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and its precursors in Beijing, China in August of 2007. The levels of PAN are remarkably high (up to 14 ppbv), surpassing those measured over other urban regions in recent years. Analyses employing a 1-D version of a chemical transport model (Regional chEmical and trAnsport Model, REAM) indicate that aromatic non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are the dominant (55-75%) PAN source. The major oxidation product of aromatics that produces acetyl peroxy radicals is methylglyoxal (MGLY). PAN and O(3) in the observations are correlated at daytime; aromatic NMHCs appear to play an important role in O(3) photochemistry. Previous NMHC measurements indicate the presence of reactive aromatics at high levels over broad polluted regions of China. Aromatics are often ignored in global and (to a lesser degree) regional 3D photochemical transport models; their emissions over China as well as photochemistry are quite uncertain. Our findings suggest that critical assessments of aromatics emissions and chemistry (such as the yields of MGLY) are necessary to understand and assess ozone photochemistry and regional pollution export in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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36
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Washenfelder RA, Trainer M, Frost GJ, Ryerson TB, Atlas EL, de Gouw JA, Flocke FM, Fried A, Holloway JS, Parrish DD, Peischl J, Richter D, Schauffler SM, Walega JG, Warneke C, Weibring P, Zheng W. Characterization of NOx, SO2, ethene, and propene from industrial emission sources in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Parrish DD, Trainer M, Frost GJ, Aikin KC, Brown SS, Dubé WP, Stark H, Fehsenfeld FC. A top-down analysis of emissions from selected Texas power plants during TexAQS 2000 and 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Del Negro L, Brioude J, McKeen S, Stark H, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Wiedinmyer C, Guenther AB, Hansel A, Wisthaler A, Atlas E, Holloway JS, Ryerson TB, Peischl J, Huey LG, Hanks ATC. Biogenic emission measurement and inventories determination of biogenic emissions in the eastern United States and Texas and comparison with biogenic emission inventories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Celarier EA, Bucsela EJ, Boersma KF, Dirksen R, Luo C, Wang Y. Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: Insight into the seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Bahreini R, Ervens B, Middlebrook AM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, DeCarlo PF, Jimenez JL, Brock CA, Neuman JA, Ryerson TB, Stark H, Atlas E, Brioude J, Fried A, Holloway JS, Peischl J, Richter D, Walega J, Weibring P, Wollny AG, Fehsenfeld FC. Organic aerosol formation in urban and industrial plumes near Houston and Dallas, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Parrish DD, Allen DT, Bates TS, Estes M, Fehsenfeld FC, Feingold G, Ferrare R, Hardesty RM, Meagher JF, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Pierce RB, Ryerson TB, Seinfeld JH, Williams EJ. Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Fuchs H, Ryerson TB, Wollny AG, Brock CA, Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Neuman JA, Atlas E, Roberts JM, Osthoff HD, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Reactive uptake coefficients for N2O5determined from aircraft measurements during the Second Texas Air Quality Study: Comparison to current model parameterizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Gilman JB, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Herndon SC, Zahniser MS, Tucker SC, Brewer WA, Lerner BM, Williams EJ, Harley RA, Fehsenfeld FC, Warneke C, de Gouw JA. Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Millet DB, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Diskin GS, Holloway JS, Hudman RC, Meinardi S, Ryerson TB, Sachse GW. Halocarbon emissions from the United States and Mexico and their global warming potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:1055-1060. [PMID: 19320157 DOI: 10.1021/es802146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We use recent aircraft measurements of a comprehensive suite of anthropogenic halocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and related tracers to place new constraints on North American halocarbon emissions and quantify their global warming potential. Using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) we find that the ensemble of observations are consistent with our prior best estimate of the U.S. anthropogenic CO source, but suggest a 30% underestimate of Mexican emissions. We develop an optimized CO emission inventory on this basis and quantify halocarbon emissions from their measured enhancements relative to CO. Emissions continue for many compounds restricted under the Montreal Protocol, and we show that halocarbons make up an important fraction of the total greenhouse gas source for both countries: our best estimate is 9% (uncertainty range 6-12%) and 32% (21-52%) of equivalent CO2 emissions for the U.S. and Mexico, respectively, on a 20 year time scale. Performance of bottom-up emission inventories is variable, with underestimates for some compounds and overestimates for others. Ongoing methylchloroform emissions are significant in the U.S. (2.8 Gg/y in 2004-2006), in contrast to bottom-up estimates (< 0.05 Gg), with implications for tropospheric OH calculations. Mexican methylchloroform emissions are minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Millet
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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45
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Steinbacher M, Celarier EA, Bucsela E, Dunlea EJ, Pinto JP. Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Brock CA, Sullivan AP, Peltier RE, Weber RJ, Wollny A, de Gouw JA, Middlebrook AM, Atlas EL, Stohl A, Trainer MK, Cooper OR, Fehsenfeld FC, Frost GJ, Holloway JS, Hübler G, Neuman JA, Ryerson TB, Warneke C, Wilson JC. Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 2. Evolution of chemical and microphysical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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White ML, Russo RS, Zhou Y, Mao H, Varner RK, Ambrose J, Veres P, Wingenter OW, Haase K, Stutz J, Talbot R, Sive BC. Volatile organic compounds in northern New England marine and continental environments during the ICARTT 2004 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Osthoff HD, Stutz J, Ryerson TB, Wollny AG, Brock CA, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Atlas E, Neuman JA, Holloway JS, Lerner BM, Williams EJ, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Angevine WM, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Vertical profiles in NO3and N2O5measured from an aircraft: Results from the NOAA P-3 and surface platforms during the New England Air Quality Study 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Griffin RJ, Beckman PJ, Talbot RW, Sive BC, Varner RK. Deviations from ozone photostationary state during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign: Use of measurements and photochemical modeling to assess potential causes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Griffin
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Pieter J. Beckman
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Barkley C. Sive
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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50
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Nowak JB, Neuman JA, Kozai K, Huey LG, Tanner DJ, Holloway JS, Ryerson TB, Frost GJ, McKeen SA, Fehsenfeld FC. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique for airborne measurements of ammonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Kozai
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. G. Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. J. Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. J. Frost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. A. McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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