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Knowland KE, Keller CA, Wales PA, Wargan K, Coy L, Johnson MS, Liu J, Lucchesi RA, Eastham SD, Fleming E, Liang Q, Leblanc T, Livesey NJ, Walker KA, Ott LE, Pawson S. NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS-CF v1.0: Stratospheric Composition. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2021MS002852. [PMID: 35864944 PMCID: PMC9287101 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) provides recent estimates and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition to the public in near-real time. To do this, the GEOS Earth system model is coupled with the GEOS-Chem tropospheric-stratospheric unified chemistry extension (UCX) to represent composition from the surface to the top of the GEOS atmosphere (0.01 hPa). The GEOS-CF system is described, including updates made to the GEOS-Chem UCX mechanism within GEOS-CF for improved representation of stratospheric chemistry. Comparisons are made against balloon, lidar, and satellite observations for stratospheric composition, including measurements of ozone (O3) and important nitrogen and chlorine species related to stratospheric O3 recovery. The GEOS-CF nudges the stratospheric O3 toward the GEOS Forward Processing (GEOS FP) assimilated O3 product; as a result the stratospheric O3 in the GEOS-CF historical estimate agrees well with observations. During abnormal dynamical and chemical environments such as the 2020 polar vortexes, the GEOS-CF O3 forecasts are more realistic than GEOS FP O3 forecasts because of the inclusion of the complex GEOS-Chem UCX stratospheric chemistry. Overall, the spatial patterns of the GEOS-CF simulated concentrations of stratospheric composition agree well with satellite observations. However, there are notable biases-such as low NO x and HNO3 in the polar regions and generally low HCl throughout the stratosphere-and future improvements to the chemistry mechanism and emissions are discussed. GEOS-CF is a new tool for the research community and instrument teams observing trace gases in the stratosphere and troposphere, providing near-real-time three-dimensional gridded information on atmospheric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - C. A. Keller
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - P. A. Wales
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - K. Wargan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - L. Coy
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - M. S. Johnson
- Earth Science DivisionNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCAUSA
| | - J. Liu
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - R. A. Lucchesi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - S. D. Eastham
- Laboratory for Aviation and the EnvironmentDepartment of Aeronautics and AstronauticsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global ChangeMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - E. Fleming
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Q. Liang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - T. Leblanc
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyWrightwoodCAUSA
| | - N. J. Livesey
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - K. A. Walker
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - L. E. Ott
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
| | - S. Pawson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
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Nielsen JE, Pawson S, Molod A, Auer B, da Silva AM, Douglass AR, Duncan B, Liang Q, Manyin M, Oman LD, Putman W, Strahan SE, Wargan K. Chemical Mechanisms and Their Applications in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2017; 9:3019-3044. [PMID: 29497478 PMCID: PMC5815385 DOI: 10.1002/2017ms001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model (ESM) is a modular, general circulation model (GCM), and data assimilation system (DAS) that is used to simulate and study the coupled dynamics, physics, chemistry, and biology of our planet. GEOS is developed by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It generates near-real-time analyzed data products, reanalyses, and weather and seasonal forecasts to support research targeted to understanding interactions among Earth System processes. For chemistry, our efforts are focused on ozone and its influence on the state of the atmosphere and oceans, and on trace gas data assimilation and global forecasting at mesoscale discretization. Several chemistry and aerosol modules are coupled to the GCM, which enables GEOS to address topics pertinent to NASA's Earth Science Mission. This paper describes the atmospheric chemistry components of GEOS and provides an overview of its Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF)-based software infrastructure, which promotes a rich spectrum of feedbacks that influence circulation and climate, and impact human and ecosystem health. We detail how GEOS allows model users to select chemical mechanisms and emission scenarios at run time, establish the extent to which the aerosol and chemical components communicate, and decide whether either or both influence the radiative transfer calculations. A variety of resolutions facilitates research on spatial and temporal scales relevant to problems ranging from hourly changes in air quality to trace gas trends in a changing climate. Samples of recent GEOS chemistry applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eric Nielsen
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Andrea Molod
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Benjamin Auer
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Arlindo M. da Silva
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Anne R. Douglass
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Bryan Duncan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Qing Liang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Michael Manyin
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Luke D. Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - William Putman
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Susan E. Strahan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
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Choi HD, Liu H, Crawford JH, Considine DB, Allen DJ, Duncan BN, Horowitz LW, Rodriguez JM, Strahan SE, Zhang L, Liu X, Damon MR, Steenrod SD. Global O 3-CO Correlations in a Chemistry and Transport Model During July-August: Evaluation with TES Satellite Observations and Sensitivity to Input Meteorological Data and Emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:8429-8452. [PMID: 32457810 PMCID: PMC7250209 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8429-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the capability of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model to reproduce global mid-tropospheric (618hPa) O3-CO correlations determined by the measurements from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite during boreal summer (July-August). The model is driven by three meteorological data sets (fvGCM with sea surface temperature for 1995, GEOS4-DAS for 2005, and MERRA for 2005), allowing us to examine the sensitivity of model O3-CO correlations to input meteorological data. Model simulations of radionuclide tracers (222Rn, 210Pb, and 7Be) are used to illustrate the differences in transport-related processes among the meteorological data sets. Simulated O3 values are evaluated with climatological ozone profiles from ozonesonde measurements and satellite tropospheric O3 columns. Despite the fact that three simulations show significantly different global and regional distributions of O3 and CO concentrations, all simulations show similar patterns of O3-CO correlations on a global scale. These patterns are consistent with those derived from TES observations, except in the tropical easterly biomass burning outflow regions. Discrepancies in regional O3-CO correlation patterns in the three simulations may be attributed to differences in convective transport, stratospheric influence, and subsidence, among other processes. To understand how various emissions drive global O3-CO correlation patterns, we examine the sensitivity of GMI/MERRA model-calculated O3 and CO concentrations and their correlations to emission types (fossil fuel, biomass burning, biogenic, and lightning NOx emissions). Fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions are mainly responsible for the strong positive O3-CO correlations over continental outflow regions in both hemispheres. Biogenic emissions have a relatively smaller impact on O3-CO correlations than other emissions, but are largely responsible for the negative correlations over the tropical eastern Pacific, reflecting the fact that O3 is consumed and CO generated during the atmospheric oxidation process of isoprene under low NOx conditions. We find that lightning NOx emissions degrade both positive correlations at mid-/high- latitudes and negative correlations in the tropics because ozone production downwind of lightning NOx emissions is not directly related to the emission and transport of CO. Our study concludes that O3-CO correlations may be used effectively to constrain the sources of regional tropospheric O3 in global 3-D models, especially for those regions where convective transport of pollution plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA
| | | | - David B. Considine
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Now at NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan E. Strahan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
| | - Lin Zhang
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Now at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Megan R. Damon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Stephen D. Steenrod
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
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Ott L, Pawson S, Bacmeister J. An analysis of the impact of convective parameter sensitivity on simulated global atmospheric CO distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Ott
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Julio Bacmeister
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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Colarco P, da Silva A, Chin M, Diehl T. Online simulations of global aerosol distributions in the NASA GEOS-4 model and comparisons to satellite and ground-based aerosol optical depth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bian H, Chin M, Kawa SR, Duncan B, Arellano A, Kasibhatla P. Sensitivity of global CO simulations to uncertainties in biomass burning sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ziemke JR, Chandra S, Duncan BN, Froidevaux L, Bhartia PK, Levelt PF, Waters JW. Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative's Chemical Transport Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wild O, Prather MJ. Global tropospheric ozone modeling: Quantifying errors due to grid resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strahan SE. Evaluating the credibility of transport processes in simulations of ozone recovery using the Global Modeling Initiative three-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Douglass AR. Radicals and reservoirs in the GMI chemistry and transport model: Comparison to measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weisenstein DK. Separating chemistry and transport effects in two-dimensional models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Considine DB. Sensitivity of Global Modeling Initiative model predictions of Antarctic ozone recovery to input meteorological fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Morris GA, Rosenfield JE, Schoeberl MR, Jackman CH. Potential impact of subsonic and supersonic aircraft exhaust on water vapor in the lower stratosphere assessed via a trajectory model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Rice University; Houston Texas USA
| | - Joan E. Rosenfield
- GEST Center; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Mark R. Schoeberl
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Charles H. Jackman
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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Olsen SC, McLinden CA, Prather MJ. Stratospheric N2O-NOysystem: Testing uncertainties in a three-dimensional framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rotman DA, Tannahill JR, Kinnison DE, Connell PS, Bergmann D, Proctor D, Rodriguez JM, Lin SJ, Rood RB, Prather MJ, Rasch PJ, Considine DB, Ramaroson R, Kawa SR. Global Modeling Initiative assessment model: Model description, integration, and testing of the transport shell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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